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• How far do I take Composition?

  - by whiterook6

  (Although I'm sure this is a common problem I really don't know what to search for. Composition is the only thing I could come up with.) I've read over and over that multiple inheritance and subclassing is really, really bad, especially for game entities. If I have three types of motions, five types of guns, and three types of armoring, I don't want to have to make 45 different classes to get all the possible combinations; I'm going to add a motion behavior, gun behavior, and armor behavior to a single generic object. That makes sense. But how far do I take this? I can have as many different types of behaviors as I can imagine: DamageBehavior, MotionBehavior, TargetableBehavior, etc. If I add a new class of behaviors then I need to update all the other classes that use them. But what happens when I have functionality that doesn't really fit into one class of behaviors? For example, my armor needs to be damageable but also updateable. And should I be able to have use more than one type of behavior on an entity at a time, such as two motion behaviors? Can anyone offer any wisdom or point me in the direction of some useful articles? Thanks!

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• Crash when using datablocks

  - by scorcher24

  I have really throughly searched the net and could not find any solution for this so I ask for help here. Anyway, I have this datablock in datablocks.cs: datablock t2dSceneObjectDatablock(EnemyShipConfig) { canSaveDynamicFields = "1"; Layer = "3"; size = "64 64"; CollisionActiveSend = "1"; CollisionActiveReceive = "1"; CollisionCallback = true; CollisionLayers = "3"; CollisionDetectionMode = "POLYGON"; CollisionPolyList = "0.00 -0.791 0.756 0.751 -0.746 0.732"; UsesPhysics = "0"; Rotation = "-90"; WorldLimitMode = "KILL"; WorldLimitMax = "880 360"; WorldLimitMin = "-765 -436"; minFireRate = "2000"; maxFireRate = "1200"; laserSpeed = "800"; minSpeed = "100"; maxSpeed = "150"; }; This is an exact reproduction of an object that I have manually edited in the editor. So far, I just used clone() to get as many enemies as I need, while it was out of sight. It is a r-type style shooter, so I need a variable amount of enemies. Since clone() spams my log, I decided to use datablocks, since it is also more flexible. That's what I get when I use clone(): Con::execute - 0 has no namespace: onRemoveFromScene However, once spawning begins, my game freezes and crashes: function SpawnEnemy() { //%spawnedEnemy = EnemyShipMaster.clone(true); %spawnedEnemy = new t2dStaticSprite() { class = "EnemyShip"; sceneGraph = $global_sceneGraph; datablock = "EnemyShipConfig"; imageMap = "starshipImageMap"; layer = 3; }; %speed = getRandom(%spawnedEnemy.minSpeed, %spawnedEnemy.maxSpeed); %y = getRandom(-320, 320); // Set Properties %spawnedEnemy.setPositionX(700); %spawnedEnemy.setPositionY(%y); %spawnedEnemy.setVisible(true); %spawnedEnemy.setLinearVelocityX( -%speed ); %spawnedEnemy.setTimerOn( getRandom( %spawnedEnemy.maxFireRate, %spawnedEnemy.minFireRate ) ); } // Definition of $global_sceneGraph from game.cs: $global_sceneGraph = sceneWindow2D.loadLevel(%level); As I said, it works fine when I use clone() (which is commented out here), but my log gets spammed. I really hope someone can shed some light for me, this is driving me crazy.

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• Facing a character towards the mouse

  - by ratata

  I'm trying to port a simple 2d top down shooter game from C++(Allegro) to Java and i'm having problems with rotating my character. Here's the code i used in c++ if (keys[A]) RotateRight(player, degree); if (keys[D]) RotateLeft(player, degree); void RotateLeft(Player& player, float& degree) { degree += player.rotatingSpeed; if ( degree >= 360 ) degree = 0; } void RotateRight(Player& player, float& degree) { degree -= player.rotatingSpeed; if ( degree <= 0) degree = 360; } And this is what i have in render section: al_draw_rotated_bitmap(player.image, player.frameWidth / 2, player.frameHeight / 2, player.x, player.y, degree * 3.14159 / 180, 0); Instead of using A-D keys i want to use mouse this time. I've been searching since last night and came up to few sample codes however noone of them worked. For example this just made my character to circle around the map: int centerX = width / 2; int centerY = height / 2; double angle = Math.atan2(centerY - mouseY, centerX - mouseX) - Math.PI / 2; ((Graphics2D)g).rotate(angle, centerX, centerY); g.fillRect(...); // draw your rectangle Any help is much appreciated.

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• Will setInterval give me Delay?

  - by Oliver Schöning

  I am setting up a JavaScript Server for my Game. Am I understanding this correctly: If I use setInterval to call a function every second, and takes 2 seconds to process. Then I am going to "stack up" requests indefinetly the Client will become more and more out of sync? If I use setTimeout, and specify 1 second. Then the function will run (again, lets say 2 seconds) and then start the timeout. And not stack up requests.

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• movement of sprites with kinect and xna

  - by pablopp83

  im working on a proyect with kinect sdk and xna 4.0. i need take the position of the hands and draw a sprite over it. im doing it directly and, because of that, i get a "trembling hands" effect. so, i was thinking on make the sprite move from the previous position to the new one, given in every frame by the new hand position. this way, the sprite does not jump from one position to another. this is working just fine, but im using a constant value for the velocity, and i really would like to use a variable velocity given by the difference between the prev and the new position. this is, if the hand move more quickly in the reality, the velocity will be higher. I really dont have a clue on how to make this works. can somebody point me in the right direction? thanks.

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• Generating and rendering not point-like particles on GPU

  - by TravisG

  Specifically I'm talking about particles as seen (for example) in the UE4 dev video here. They're not just points and seem to have a nice shape to them that seems to follow their movement. Is it possible to create these kinds of particles (efficiently) completely on the GPU (perhaps through something like motion? Or is the only (or most efficient) way to just create a small particle texture and render small quads for each particle?

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• How do I make my character slide down high-angled slopes?

  - by keinabel

  I am currently working on my character's movement in Unity3D. I managed to make him move relatively to the mouse cursor. I set a slope limit of 45°, which does not allow the character to walk up the mountains with higher degrees. But he can still jump them up. How do I manage to make him slide down again when he jumped at places with too high slope? Thanks in advance. edit: Code snippet of my basic movement. using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class BasicMovement : MonoBehaviour { private float speed; private float jumpSpeed; private float gravity; private float slopeLimit; private Vector3 moveDirection = Vector3.zero; void Start() { PlayerSettings settings = GetComponent<PlayerSettings>(); speed = settings.GetSpeed(); jumpSpeed = settings.GetJumpSpeed(); gravity = settings.GetGravity(); slopeLimit = settings.GetSlopeLimit(); } void Update() { CharacterController controller = GetComponent<CharacterController>(); controller.slopeLimit = slopeLimit; if (controller.isGrounded) { moveDirection = new Vector3(Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"), 0, Input.GetAxis("Vertical")); moveDirection = transform.TransformDirection(moveDirection); moveDirection *= speed; if (Input.GetButton("Jump")) { moveDirection.y = jumpSpeed; } } moveDirection.y -= gravity * Time.deltaTime; controller.Move(moveDirection * Time.deltaTime); } }

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• What is the correct way to implement hit detection with non-rectangular sprites?

  - by hogni89

  What is the correct way to implement hit or touch detection for non-rectangular sprites in Cocos2d? I am working on a jigsaw puzzle, so our sprites have some strange forms (jigsaw puzzle bricks). As of now, we have implemented the "detection" this way: - (void)selectSpriteForTouch:(CGPoint)touchLocation { CCSprite * newSprite = nil; // Loop array of sprites for (CCSprite *sprite in movableSprites) { // Check if sprite is hit. // TODO: Swap if with something better. if (CGRectContainsPoint(sprite.boundingBox, touchLocation)) { newSprite = sprite; break; } } if (newSprite != selSprite) { // Move along, nothing to see here // Not the problem } } - (BOOL)ccTouchBegan:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { CGPoint touchLocation = [self convertTouchToNodeSpace:touch]; [self selectSpriteForTouch:touchLocation]; return TRUE; } I know that the problem is in the keyword "sprite.boundingBox". Is there a better way of implementing this, or is it a limitation when using sprites based on .png's? If so, how should I proceed?

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• Using a Higher Precision (than 8-bit unsigned integer) Buffered Image for Heightmaps in Java

  - by pl12

  I am generating a heightmap for every quad in my quadtree in openCL. The way I was creating the image is as follows: DataBufferInt dataBuffer = (DataBufferInt)img.getRaster().getDataBuffer(); int data[] = dataBuffer.getData(); //img is a bufferedimage inputImageMem = CL.clCreateImage2D( context, CL_MEM_READ_WRITE | CL_MEM_USE_HOST_PTR, new cl_image_format[]{imageFormat}, size, size, size * Sizeof.cl_uint, Pointer.to(data), null); This works ok but the major issue is that as the quads get smaller and smaller the 8-bit format of the buffered image starts to cause intolerable "stepping" issues as seen below: I was wondering if there was an alternate way I could go about doing this? Thanks for the time.

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• Can there be an Environment that Reacts to Weather changes in-game?

  - by The415

  Just to be straightforward, I am completely new to many aspects of coding and am searching for different specs and guidelines to aid me on my journey to crafting a wonderful game in Epic Games' Unreal Engine 4. I had some recent thoughts about the possibility of creating an environment in a game that interacts with weather (Rain, Snow, Storms) Is it possible to make an environment that can simulate weather changes in a game? I wrote notes on this for weeks now. I was thinking that an increase on environments occlusion maps was necessary for creating the effect of rain on windows, as well as making a flowing liquid surface on windows that is only visible in rain. I was also considering the idea of additive bump-maps on meshes for snow, to simulate accumulation. Are these elements dynamic in Unreal 4? Can I implement them?

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• “It Isn’t Easy At All; Otherwise, Everyone Would Be Doing It”

  - by Kathryn Perry

  A few months ago, JP Saunders (pictured left), who leads the go-to-market initiatives for the Oracle CX Service offering, kicked off a series of articles about modern customer service. He contends that to take care of customers?and the people that support those customers?companies need to make it easy to deliver consistently great experiences. But it’s not easy; it’s an art. The six posts in The Art of Easy series will help you better understand some of the customer service challenges you face and how to avoid common pitfalls. We pulled them all together here in one post for continuity and easy access. Saunders introduces the series with The Art of Easy: Make It Easy To Deliver Great Customer Service Experiences (Part 1). The Art of Easy: Offer Self Service With the Emphasis on Service (Part 2) by David Fulton (pictured left): David Fulton, Director of Product Management, Oracle Service Cloud, shares five tenets of customer self service that move an organization closer to becoming a modern customer service business. Easy Decisions For Complex Problems (Part 3) by Heike Lorenz (pictured right): Heike Lorenz, Director of Global Product Marketing, Policy Automation, writes about automating service policies to ensure that the correct decisions are being applied to the right people. The goal is to nurture the trusted relationships with customers during complex decision-making processes. Moving at the Speed of Easy (Part 4) by Chris Ulmand (pictured left): Chris Omland, Director of Product Management, Oracle Service Cloud, addresses the need for speed to keep up with customers’ expectations. His advice—start with a platform that enables agile innovation, respects a company’s unique needs, and has proven reliability to protect customer relationships. Knowledge Makes It Easy For Everyone (Part 5) by Nav Chakravarti (pictured rig: Vice President Nav Chakravarti, Oracle Service Cloud, talks about managing the knowledge that customers need and want. He coaches readers on delivering answers to customers’ questions easily, in context, with relevance, reliably, and accurately. Making Easy, Both Effective and Efficient (Part 6) by Melinda Uhland (pictured left): Melinda Uhland, Oracle CX Product Management teaches us that happy agents produce happy customers. A Modern Customer Service organization is one that invests in its agents and empowers them with tools to make them efficient and effective, which, in turn, improves customer results.

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• XNA GameTime TotalGameTime slower than real time

  - by robasaurus

  I have set-up an empty test project consisting of a System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch and this in the draw method: spriteBatch.DrawString(font, gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds.ToString(), new Vector2(100, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.DrawString(font, stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds.ToString(), new Vector2(100, 200), Color.White); The GameTime.TotalGameTime displayed is slower than the stop watch (by about 5 seconds per minute) even though GameTime.IsRunningSlowly is always false, why is this? The reason this is an issue is because I have a server which uses stopwatch and it is faster than my client game. For instance my client notifies the server it has dropped a mine which explodes in one minute. Because the stopwatch is faster the server state explodes the mine before the client and they are out of sync. I don't want to have to notify the client when the server explodes it as this would use unnecessary bandwidth.

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• how to calculate intersection time and place of multiple moving arcs

  - by user20733

  I have rocks orbiting moons, moons orbiting planets, planets orbiting suns, and suns orbiting black holes, and the current system could have many many layers of orbitage. the position of any object is a function of time and relative to the object it orbits. (so far so good). now I want to know for a given 2 objects(A,B), a start time and a speed, how can I work out the when and where to go. I can work out where A and B is given a time. so i just need. 1: direction to travel in from A to B(remember B is moving(not in a straight line)) 2: Time to get to b in a straight line. travel must be in a straight line with the shortest possible distance. as an extension to this question, how will i know if its better to wait, EG is it faster to stay on object A and wait for a hour when the objects may be closer, than to set off from A to B at the start. Cheers, it hurt my brain.

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• Transparent parts of texture are opaque black instead

  - by Aaron

  I render a sprite twice, one on top of the other. The sprites have transparent parts, so I should be able to see the bottom sprite under the top sprite. The transparent parts are black (the clear colour) and opaque instead though and the topmost sprite blocks the bottom sprite. My fragment shader is trivial: uniform sampler2D texture; varying vec2 f_texcoord; void main() { gl_FragColor = texture2D(texture, f_texcoord); } I have glEnable(GL_BLEND) and glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA) in my initialization code. My texture comes from a PNG file that I load with libpng. I'm sure to use GL_RGBA when initializing the texture with glTexImage2D (otherwise the sprites look like noise).

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• XNA Monogame GameState Management not deserilaizing

  - by Pectus Excavatum

  I am having some trouble serializing/deserializing in a little game I am doing to teach myself monogame. Basically, I am using the gamestatemnanagement resources common to monogame (screen manager etc). Then I am serializing my screen manager component and all associated screens in the OnDeactivated method: protected override void OnDeactivated(Object sender, EventArgs args) { foreach (GameplayScreen screen in mScreenManager.GetScreens()) { DataManager.SaveData(screen.Level.LevelData); } mScreenManager.SerializeState(); } The Save data bit is to do with something else. Then I then override OnActivated to de serialize protected override void OnActivated(Object sender, EventArgs args) { //System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("here activating"); mScreenManager.DeserializeState(); } However, when this runs it just loads a blank screen - it goes into the game initialize and the game draw method, but doesnt go down into the screens initialize or draw methods. I have no idea why this might be - any help would be greatly appreciated. I am not the only one who has encountered this - I found this post also - https://monogame.codeplex.com/discussions/391117

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• Repelling a rigidbody in the direction an object is rotating

  - by ndg

  Working in Unity, I have a game object which I rotate each frame, like so: void Update() { transform.Rotate(new Vector3(0, 1, 0) * speed * Time.deltaTime); } However, I'm running into problems when it comes to applying a force to rigidbodies that collide with this game objects sphere collider. The effect I'm hoping to achieve is that objects which touch the collider are thrown in roughly the same direction as the object is rotating. To do this, I've tried the following: Vector3 force = ((transform.localRotation * Vector3.forward) * 2000) * Time.deltaTime; collision.gameObject.rigidbody.AddForce(force, ForceMode.Impulse); Unfortunately this doesn't always match the rotation of the object. To debug the issue, I wrote a simple OnDrawGizmos script, which (strangely) appears to draw the line correctly oriented to the rotation. void OnDrawGizmos() { Vector3 pos = transform.position + ((transform.localRotation * Vector3.forward) * 2); Debug.DrawLine(transform.position, pos, Color.red); } You can see the result of the OnDrawGizmos function below: What am I doing wrong?

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• Animating sprites in HTML5 canvas

  - by fnx

  I'm creating a 2D platformer game with HTML5 canvas and javascript. I'm having a bit of a struggle with animations. Currently I animate by getting preloaded images from an array, and the code is really simple, in player.update() I call a function that does this: var animLength = this.animations[id].length; this.counter++; this.counter %= 3; if (this.counter == 2) this.spriteCounter++; this.spriteCounter %= animLength; return this.animations[id][this.spriteCounter]; There are a couple of problems with this one: When the player does 2 actions that require animating at the same time, animation speed doubles. Apparently this.counter++ is working twice at the same time. I imagine that if I start animating multiple sprites with this, the animation speed will multiply by the amount of sprites. Other issue is that I couldn't make the animation run only once instead of looping while key is held down. Someone told me that I should create a function Animation(animation id, isLooped boolean) and the use something like player.sprite = new Animation("explode", false) but I don't know how to make it work. Yes I'm a noob... :)

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• How do I reconstruct depth in deferred rendering using an orthographic projection?

  - by Jeremie

  I've been trying to get my world space position of my pixel but I4m missing something. I'm using a orthographic view for a 2.5d game. My depth is linear and this is my code. float3 lightPos = lightPosition; float2 texCoord = PostProjToScreen(PSIn.lightPosition)+halfPixel; float depth = tex2D(depthMap, texCoord); float4 position; position.x = texCoord.x *2-1; position.y = (1-texCoord.y)*2-1; position.z = depth.r; position.w = 1; position = mul(position, inViewProjection); //position.xyz/=position.w; // I comment it but even without it it doesn't work float4 normal = (tex2D(normalMap, texCoord)-.5f) * 2; normal = normalize(normal); float3 lightDirection = normalize(lightPos-position); float att = saturate(1.0f - length(lightDirection) /attenuation); float lightning = saturate (dot(normal, lightDirection)); lightning*= brightness; return float4(lightColor* lightning*att, 1); I'm using a sphere but it's not working the way I want. I reproject the texture properly onto the sphere but the light coordinates in the pixel shader seems to be stuck at zero even if when I move the light volume update properly.

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• How are vertex shader outs sent as inputs to the fragment shader?

  - by Jeffrey

  I'm learning some OpenGL 3.2 way of doing things and I think it's quite great, I'm actually understanding more of shaders and non-fixed pipeline in 1 week rather than those 2 years I tried to learn OpenGL fixed pipeline functions. But here's my question: From what I think I've understood the vertex shader is run for each vertexes in the VBO. But the fragments shader is run per each pixel (is that right?) which is a huge number compared to let's say 3 vertexes of a triangle. Now it seems that in the vertex shader the out variables (like colors and stuff) are passed 1 to 1 to the fragment shader. But let's say that I pass to the fragment shader the position of the vertex in the vertex shader. How is all executed? What vertex (A, B or C of the hipothetical triangle) is passed per each fragment and why?

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• What are the statements in XNA?

  - by Katie Hajduk

  A hypothetical game called “AlienShooter” needs to be able to work on Windows and on the Xbox. In the Windows version, the keyboard will handle firing at alien spaceships, and this functionality is contained within a method called “KeyboardSupport()”. In the Xbox version of the game, the gamepad will be used for shooting, and this functionality is contained within a method called “GamepadSupport()”. Write the statement(s) that must be added so that the appropriate code is used in the each version of the game.

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• Client-side prediction for FPS

  - by newprogrammer

  People that understand client-side prediction and client-side interpolation, I have a question: When I play the game Team Fortress 2, and type cl_predict 1 into the developer's console, it enables client-side prediction. The also says "6 predictable entities reinitialized". It says this regardless of how many players are on the server, which makes sense, because other players are not predictable entities. I thought client-side prediction was only for the movement of the player. Are there other entities that the client can provide prediction for?

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• Share text message on selected media

  - by Siddharth

  I want to share text data on player selected social media. Basically I want to implement functionality like following link represent for android. Send Text Content I want to give user a choice for sharing on Twitter, Facebook, Messaging, Gmail etc. Above link give proper guidance for my question. Here is code that work on android Intent sendIntent = new Intent(); sendIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND); sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "This is my text to send."); sendIntent.setType("text/plain"); startActivity(sendIntent);Intent sendIntent = new Intent(); sendIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND); sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "This is my text to send."); sendIntent.setType("text/plain"); startActivity(sendIntent); I don't know same functionality implementation in Unity. Basically at present I am targeting two platform for my game Android iOS I found answer for Android platform but I can't able to get answer of iOS platform. Share text message on selected media - Unity Forum Now I think my question is clear to all of you. So please help me to solve it.

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• How can I create a VBO of a type determined at runtime?

  - by lapin

  I've written a Vbo template class to work with OpenGL. I'd like to set the type from a config file at runtime. For example: <vbo type="bump_vt" ... /> Vbo* pVbo = new Vbo(bump_vt, ...); Is there some way I can do this without a large if-else block such as: if( sType.compareTo("bump_vt") == 0 ) Vbo* pVbo = new Vbo(bump_vt, ...); else if ... I'm writing for multiple platforms in C++.

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• Open Source Analysis

  - by BluFire

  There are a lot of code in open source projects, looking at all of the code is time consuming and can be confusing to a novice like me. Are there any sections of open-source projects that should be focused on? What should I focus on when I look at code? I'm asking this in general because if I ask this specifically, the question will only apply in one or two projects rather than an entire group of projects ranging in different types of games and difficulty.

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• non randomic enemy movement implementation

  - by user601836

  I would like to implement enemy movement on a X-Y grid. Would it be a good idea to have a predefined table with an initial X-Y position and a predefined "surveillance path"? Each enemy will follow its path until it detects a player, at this point it will start chasing it using a chasing algorithm. According to a friend of mine this implementation is good because the design of a good path will provide to the user a sort of reality sensation.

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