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• Web Server Users - Best Practice

  - by Toby

  I was wondering what is considered best practice when several developers/administrators require access to the same web server. Should there be one non-root user with a secure username and password unqiue to the web server which everyone logs in as or should there be a username for each person. I am leaning towards a username for each person to aid in logging etc however then does the same user keep the same credentials over several servers, or should at least their password change depending on the server they are on? Should any non-root user of the system be added to the sudoers file or is it best practice to leave everyone off it and only let root perform certain tasks? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Taking an image backup of an entire server?

  - by WarDoGG

  I am currently using a dedicated server for my hosting needs. However, the costs are too high and I would like to suspend everything until I work out my business strategy again. Is there a way I can take a complete backup of the filesystem and run it in VMWare ? I cannot just copy the entire filesystem because there are lots of tools installed and tight changes to the server configuration files I myself dont know about (by the developers), but I need a snapshot of the entire disk image along with processes installed and everything is as is because for development needs, I need to work on this copy in VMWare or VirtualBox etc. Is it possible for me to take a full image copy ? How do I do it ?

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• Why is hg fetch a deprecated extension? [closed]

  - by Jan

  Mercurial's fetch extenson conveniently pulls and merges from a remote repository. Recently, this feature has been deprecated by the developers. They recommend avoiding it and it is on the unloved features list. It is useful in many cases to be able to pull and initiate a merge with one command (which hg pull -u doesn't do). I assume there is a reason behind the deprecation but I haven't been able to find one in the documentation or online. What is the reason behind deprecating it? I'm not looking for opinions, but rather the factual reason behind its deprecation (which might be that the dev team's opinion is that it should not be used).

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• Prevent member of administrator group loging in via Remote Desktop

  - by Chris J

  In order to support some build processes on our Server 2003 development servers, we require a common user account that has administrative privs. Unfortuantly, this also means that anyone that knows the password can also gain admin privs on a server. Assume that trying to keep the password secret is a failed exercise. Developers that need admin privs already have admin privs so should be able to log in as themselves. So the question is a simple one: is there anything I can configure to prevent people (ab)using the account to gain administrator on servers they shouldn't have administrator on? I'm aware that devs could disable anything that is put in place, but that's then down to process and auditing to track and manage. I don't mind where or how: it can be via the local security policy, group policy, a batch file executed in the user's profile, or something else.

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• How do I convert a .vhd disk image to work with VMWare Fusion 2?

  - by Paul D. Waite

  I’ve just installed VMWare Fusion 2 on my Mac. Microsoft makes available some Virtual PC disk images containing different versions of IE, so that us humble web developers can test our code on them: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=21EABB90-958F-4B64-B5F1-73D0A413C8EF&displaylang=en I want to convert these .vhd files to work with VMWare Fusion 2. Note: VMWare Fusion 3 can import .vhd files natively (File Import). This works just fine on the Microsoft IE compatibility VMs. I’ve tried VMWare Converter Standalone on Windows, but it doesn’t work with .vhd files (as of the current version, 4.0.1). Any ideas? VMWare’s website is confused corporate hell.

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• Why not install Msvcr71.dll into system32?

  - by hillu

  While looking for an authoritative source for the missing Msvcr71.dll that is needed by a few old applications, I stumbled across the MSDN article Redistribution of the shared C runtime component in Visual C++. The advice given to developers is to drop the DLL into the application's directory instead of system32 since DLLs in this directory are considered before the system paths. What can/will go wrong if I (as an administrator, not a developer) decide to take the lazy path and install Msvcr71.dll (and Msvcp71.dll while I'm at it) into the system32 directory (of 32 bit Windows XP or Windows 7 systems) instead of putting a copy in each application's directory? Is there another good solution to provide the applications with the needed DLLs that doesn't involve copying stuff to the application directories? added after first answers: I understand that incompatible API changes may have been made to the mentioned DLLs, but pretty much every mention of incompatibilities I have found using Google had to do with games or video codecs. Right now, I expect that the risk of breakage is pretty small. Am I missing something?

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• How best to integrate PPA into Debian?

  - by eicos

  I'm working with ZFS on Linux, on my Debian squeeze server. I've found a useful package in an Ubuntu PPA, apparently by one of the ZoL developers, and I would like to integrate it into my package system. However, I am really having a terrible time doing this. It seems like it would be possible if I upgraded my system to the testing branch, but I'd prefer not to do this for obvious reasons. So, what is the One True Way to do this? Or, what is a passable way to do this, i.e. one that does not involve an ice nine-like assimilation of my entire system to testing branch? Edit: Silly question. I clicked the little green "technical information about this package" on launchpad and all was revealed.

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• Java Development in Linux

  - by Zac

  I'm a developer and am brand new to Linux (Ubuntu): I'm wondering what the "best practices dictate" for what FHS directories to install various tools to. Things I'll be installing: Eclipse & plugins GlassFish SVN ...etc. I see that /opt is for holding additional ("optional") software packages, but also see /usr as a place for utils and apps. In another post a user recommended I create an entire partition for /srv alone, and to do my staging there (I assume he meant that /srv is where GlassFish and other servers should go?). So basically: what FHS directories do Linux developers use for which type of tools? Thanks for any input here

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• How to secure svn+ssh checkout users?

  - by vvanscherpenseel

  All our SVN repositories are hosted on a dedicated machine on which all the developers have access. Every now and then we need to checkout a repository on a machine we don't own or operate ourselves. Currently we all use our own system (SSH) account for this, but instead I would like to use some generic 'checkoutsvn' user that can be used for this. This user is only used for checking out from a repository, but should not be allowed to log in to the system (no shell access). I tried to do this by setting the default shell of that account to /sbin/nologin but then SVN fails, as apparently svn+ssh requires shell access. How do you do this? Is there a good solution for this?

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• Centrally manage Windows 7 computers without Active Directory

  - by Sean W.

  I manage three Windows PCs at home using the principle of least privilege. This means that practically every other day when a new version of Java is released, I have to manually install the update using my administrative credentials on each machine. This is starting to become more work than I had expected. I would love to set up an active directory domain at home, but Microsoft has discontinued Windows home server; its replacement, Windows server 2012 essentials is much more expensive (about $500). Are there any free (preferably as in speech) that would allow me to centrally manage the software installed on each machine in a manner similar to that of active directory? I'd also like to find a way to centrally manage security settings, but I doubt there's an equivalent of group policy. Samba 4 would be an ideal solution, but according to its own developers, it is not yet stable enough for production use.

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• Allow private access to Git on shared hosting server

  - by Akahadaka

  I've setup my own VM running Ubuntu 10.04, LAMP and ISPConfig 3. I would also like to add Git, and give access to to closed group of developers working on their own private projects, essentially operating it as a shared hosting production server. Before I go installing software on the server gung-ho, I would like to know; a) Is this possible? b) Is it a good idea? (How else could one achieve a shared but private environment?) c) Is the installation of Git any different in this situation?

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• Remote connection to Mysql not working

  - by Fillipe Silva

  We have an application running with CodeIgniter and MySQL in cestacerta.com. Ther are two versions: One that is in production and it works perfectly, and one that is our Development version. This runs locally on my machine and the other developers. The development version needs to remotely connect to the database, and it rather suddenly stopped working. I've given permission to access any IP settings on the server. I can access the database through the MySQL Gui Tools. I have tested access to several different codes, including a newly downloaded version of CodeIgniter and always got the same error: "A Database Error Occurred Unable to connect to your database server using the provided settings. Filename: C: \ xampp \ htdocs \ cestacerta \ system \ database \ DB_driver.php Line Number: 119 " What troubleshooting steps can I take determine if the error is on our workstations (which all have the same error) or on our server.

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• How to find hidden/cloak files in Windows 2003?

  - by homemdelata

  Here is the point. I set Windows to display all the hidden files and protected operating system files but even after that, my antivirus (Kaspersky) is still getting a ".dll" file on "c:\windows\system32" saying it's a riskware 'Hidden.Object'. I tried to find this file everytime but it's not there. So I asked one of the developers to create a service that verifies the folder each 5 seconds and, if it founds the file, copies to another place. After a lot of research I just found out that every file with this same name on this specific server gets cloak, doesn't matter the file extension. How can I found this kind of file? How can I "uncloak" it? How can I know what this file is doing?

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• How to find malformed - corrupted - dos - BOMByte Files in Linux

  - by Syquus

  I've several problems maintaining large production servers, in which some developers drop files from Windows environments, sometime with BOM-bytes (We use UTF8, and no need for that), causing lots of troubles. Other times, I got a "no end of line" and "[DOS]" labels when vim-editing files directly on the server. I recently discovered how to find for the bom byte, and how to delete it in a batch script. What about illegal bytes, bad EOLs? Is it safe to use DOS Text Files on a linux environment? Any drawbacks If I use to convert them with dos2unix cmd ? Regards

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• Mimicking Google's Persistent Disks -- Is this a logical FreeBSD disaster recovery strategy?

  - by Casey Jordan

  I am looking into FreeBSD to provide a more comprehensive backup and disaster recovery strategy for database servers. Ideally I want to mimic what google is doing with "Persistent disks" https://developers.google.com/compute/docs/disks#snapshots I am hoping someone who knows more about FreeBSD can validate these ideas/questions: I have read that FreeBSD can take instant disk snapshots, therefore if our databases trigger a consistent state (Block all writes, and flush buffers to disk), I would assume I could take snapshots every hour without service interruption for more than a few seconds. Is this true? Is there a way to take snapshots and back them up offsite easily? Can this be done incrementally as to save how much disk space is actually used? If a rollback needed to be done, how long does this typically take? Is a rollback also instantaneous? Thanks!

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• Add users in Windows machine without AD

  - by guillem

  I have several development machines where I am the administrator. We are using AD in my organization but is maintained by and offshore IT group any request takes a long time. We are currently granting access to developers on development machines manually so it's a bit annoying to maintain although at least it's fast. We have also a lot of external consultants that need to use those machines for some time. Is there any tool or method to maintain a set of users synced on those machines without the need add them to an AD group?

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• How (much) is virtualization used today?

  - by BLAKE

  I know that where I have worked, I have pushed alot for virtualizing our servers. I think that it is much easier to implement and maintain than physical servers. I have been using Microsoft's Virtual Server 2005 R2 since it was released. Right now at my workplace we have 12 VMHosts that hold about 55 VMs. We have 6 other servers that we have been unable to convert to VMs. I want to know how other people in our field view virtualization. I know that I have had developers dislike the notion of VMs claiming major performance hits. What do other Sys Admins think about virtualized servers?

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• Windows 7 equivalent of "Add-WindowsFeature"

  - by L.Moser

  I'm wanting to script the "Turn Windows Features On of Off" functionality for my development group so that we'll have a means of ensuring that everyone is running on the same configurations. We are running Windows 7. Is this possible without DISM.exe? It doesn't necessarily have to be scripting. Windows Features is just one of serveral configurations that developers are responsible for modifying personally. It would also be nice to ensure (for example) that IIS and certain services are configured properly on a given developer's machine. If there's a larger scale tool that could give us this functionality, I would be interested in that too.

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• How to migrate Notepad++ settings?

  - by NoCatharsis

  I am trying to portabilize every program I use if possible, and Notepad++ is on the list. The only problem is that I've had a native installation until now so that I'm not totally sure which settings files need to be moved to the portable directory. Surely there's a function tucked away somewhere in NPP exactly for this purpose, or some plugin out there? I mean the developers have literally thought of everything else, yet this is the one thing I cannot find specifically anywhere in the NPP wiki or otherwise, and I don't want to miss an important file. Here is the closest I've gotten: Notepad++'s configuration files and Where are all the files? Should I just copy every configuration file listed on the first link?

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• Recursively copy only new or changed files

  - by Niklas

  I'm sure this must have been asked and answered before, but I just can't find it right now... I have a Visual Studio post-build action that currently does a recursive copy (using xcopy) of an output folder to a different folder. This takes longer than I like and I'd like to only copy newly created and newer (changed) files each time (which xcopy doesn't seem to support). I cannot depend on any not-installed-by-default tool since the solution is used by different developers on different machines. What would a superuser do?

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• Can Windows Home Server be used on an active directory domain?

  - by Parvenu74

  The situation: an Active Directory network with a few dozen machines. Most of the machines have the same vanilla image applied to them so if there was a hard drive failure getting the machine back up to the standard network image would be quick and easy. However, there are a handful of (eight) machines which have rather unique setups (accounting, developers, the "artist" with CS4 and such). For these machines we would like to use Windows Home Server since the backups are automatic and recovery from a machine failure is quite painless. The question though is whether or not WHS can be used on an A/D network. If not, what "set it and forget it" backup/imaging product is recommended for this scenario?

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• Something keeps changing the default permissions of my settings.php file for a web site on Linux

  - by JrSysAdmin

  I keep changing the file permissions for the file /var/www/html/websitename/settings.php to 775 and within 15 minutes or so it automatically changes back 555. The owner of the file is "apache" and the group ownership is for our Linux Developers just like all of the other files which are not having this issue. Obviously there must be some sort of process running that is automatically changing the file permissions (apache maybe?) but I haven't been able to figure out. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• solr administration

  - by devrick0

  Does anyone have any notes for an sysadmin supporting solr? I'm looking for anything that might be useful for monitoring & metrics as well as troubleshooting. Some useful links I have found are: /solr/admin/stats.jsp and /solr/admin/analysis.jsp In the logs I have noticed, other than the query, "hits", "status" and "QTime" values. The documentation on what these mean is sparse at least based on the 100+ websites I have checked. QTime appears to be the query time response in milliseconds. Hits is some form of results but I'm not sure exactly what makes that up and I'm not sure about status. Typically I see status come back as "0" but I have seen other numbers such as "5", so my thoughts that it could be either HTTP status codes or a 0 or 1 (good or bad) methodology isn't accurate. All of the documentation I have come across is intended for developers. Any sysadmin-centric documentation would be a big help.

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• How is the Trac Project List page customised?

  - by Completenutter2

  We've been using Trac for a while now for our developers only. However we are now opening it up for our (internal) clients. We have a project listing page (based on the default one that comes with Trac). What we'd like to do, is display more information about the project than what is currently available. I have searched google and here, to see if I can find how to get more information. There seems to be a variable called $project which has .name, .description and .href as attributes. Is there somewhere, a list of the attributes available? Or perhaps a different solution altogether that will allow us to display more information on the project list page. Such as the number of open tickets etc.

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• How can I enable encryption for SQLite3 in PHP5.3?

  - by meouw

  The php manual for SQLite3::open has this information: public bool SQLite3::open ( string $filename [, int $flags = SQLITE3_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE3_OPEN_CREATE [, string $encryption_key ]] ) Opens an SQLite 3 Database. If the build includes encryption, then it will attempt to use the key. I would like to use encrypted SQLite databases for a project I'm working on, but I can't find any information anywhere on how to build the SQLite module including encryption. Does anyone know how to do this? Perhaps it's so obvious no one has published any information or perhaps only commercial modules are available. I've noticed that the developers of SQLite offer a proprietary encryption extension. Is this the only way to go?

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