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• ZSH - output whole history?

  - by GorillaSandwich

  I recently switched from bash to zsh. In bash one way (besides recursive search) that I used to find previously-run commands was history | grep whatever, where whatever is the bit of command I remember. In zsh, this isn't working. history returns only a few items, even though my .zsh_history file contains many entries, which I have configured it to do. How can I output my whole history, suitable for searching with grep? (Note: I started out using ryanb's dotfiles, so perhaps it's a problem with his default settings?)

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• How to set up VirtualBox Bridged Network on Windows 7 Host?

  - by Tong Wang

  I have virtualbox running on a Windows 2008 server, with a guest running ubuntu 10.04. The ubuntu guest is given a static IP of 192.168.1.4, which also has openssh installed. The guest has bridged network setup, I can ping 192.168.1.4 from any machine in the LAN, the ubuntu guest can also access the LAN. However, when I try to PuTTY into the ubuntu machine, I always get "connection refused". Below are some setup details: ubuntu IP: 192.168.1.4 hosts.allow sshd : 192.168.1.38 hosts.deny ALL : ALL when I the following command, I can see that sshd is listening on port 22: lsof -i tcp:22 Any idea? EDIT: It turned out to be a wrong VirtualBox Bridged Network setup. I give the Ubuntu guest a static IP of 192.168.1.4 (assigned to eth0). Then in the Windows 7 host, in the Network and Sharing Center, there is a new connection named "VirtualBox Host-Only Network" after the bridge is setup, that connection is again given the same static IP of 192.168.1.4. Once I change the "VirtualBox Host-Only Network" to automatically obtain an IP address, it's getting a different IP address of 169.254.249.70(Tentative). And now I can SSH into 192.168.1.4 with no problem, even without touching hosts.allow and hosts.deny. I've also noticed that in the properties windows (see screenshot below) of the "VirtualBox Host-Only Network", the second checkbox, "VirtualBox Bridged Networking Driver" is unchecked. While the same checkbox of the physical NIC (that is bridged to) is checked. So my further question is: is this how VBox bridged networking supposed to be setup? Any rationale behind this? I'd appreciate if someone could provide some explaination on VBox bridged networking setup on Windows host and I'll accept it as an answer.

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• proftpd - TLS connection hangs authenticating

  - by greydet

  I setup a proftpd server that uses TLS/SSL certificate for authentication. Everything works well when I connect through lftp or Filezilla (with explicit connection). But once I attempt connecting with simple ftp connection from Filezilla, the USER command ends with the 550 response (SSL/TLS required). After that any further connection through lftp or Filezilla (with explicit connection) will hang authenticating. Anyone knows how to workaround this issue? Is there a way to ask Filezilla to automatically use TLS/SSL if required? I am using Ubuntu server 10.04 with proftpd 1.3.2c. There is no error message in the log files.

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• Is there an way to get the top level classes included in a puppet node?

  - by pwan

  Is there an easy way to return the top level classes applied to a node. By this I mean the classes included in a node definition or ENC equivalent For example with the sample node below, I'd like to return 'return::me' and 'return::me2' for somehost, but not 'dontreturn::me' class return::me { include dontreturn::me } node "somehost" { include return::me include return::me2 } I see that /var/lib/puppet/state/classes.txt includes the full list of classes applied to the node, but that includes any additional classes included by to the top level classes. Is there some way to get at this data with a puppet faces command ? I suspect 'puppet nodes' might be useful, but I haven't been able to get it return what I what.

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• Where to obtain openssl-devel for SunOS 5.10

  - by user35949

  So I am having an issue that I have seen other people have on many different systems. I have to build Subversion on a SunOS 5.10 box and have run into issues. I have the openssl source code installed and in the subversion-1.6.9 folder, I run the following: ./configure --with-ssl --with-libs=/opt/exp/lib/openssl/lib and receive the error: checking for library containing RSA_new... not found configure: error: could not find library containing RSA_new configure failed for neon I have also tried running the command without the "lib" on the end of the --with-libs path. I read online that I need the openssl-devel packages, but I have been unable to find them for SunOS 5.10, and they do not show up already installed on my system when running pkginfo. I have looked online including http://www.sunfreeware.com/ which I was told was a good SunOS software source. Any help you can provide would be welcomed. Thanks, Sean

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• Can PuTTY be configured to display the following UTF-8 characters?

  - by Stuart Powers

  I'd like to be able to render the characters as seen in this tweet: I saved the tweet's JSON data and wrote a one-liner python script for testing. python -c 'import json,urllib; print json.load(urllib.urlopen("http://c.sente.cc/BUCq/tweet.json"))["text"]' This next image shows the output of this command on two different putty sessions, one with Bitstream Vera Sans Mono font and the other is using Courier New: Next is an example of correct output (I wasn't using PuTTY): The original JSON is at this link using Twitter's API. How can I get PuTTY to display those characters?

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• Maintaining Two Separate Software Versions From the Same Codebase in Version Control

  - by Joseph

  Let's say that I am writing two different versions of the same software/program/app/script and storing them under version control. The first version is a free "Basic" version, while the second is a paid "Premium" version that takes the codebase of the free version and expands upon it with a few extra value-added features. Any new patches, fixes, or features need to find their way into both versions. I am currently considering using master and develop branches for the main codebase (free version) along side master-premium and develop-premium branches for the paid version. When a change is made to the free version and merged to the master branch (after thorough testing on develop of course), it gets copied over to the develop-premium branch via the cherry-pick command for more testing and then merged into master-premium. Is this the best workflow to handle this situation? Are there any potential problems, caveats, or pitfalls to be aware of? Is there a better branching strategy than what I have already come up with? Your feedback is highly appreciated! P.S. This is for a PHP script stored in Git, but the answers should apply to any language or VCS.

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• Restore Default Appearance in Ubuntu 12.04

  - by katya sehgal

  I'd like the original colour scheme, icon style of 12.04. I somehow lost the Ambiance theme (possible error or upgrade error). I re-installed 'light-themes' from the terminal and got it back. But the panel on the top that shows the options of sound, battery and wi-fi has changed and I can-not get the original setting back. In the windows, the close, minimize tools have shifted to the right instead of the original left side. I had installed MyUnity and Ubuntu Tweak but deleted them. As such, I want the original setting back. Kindly help me with the commands. I have searched for solutions; there are multiple and I need to be sure if I should follow the same. Kindly bear before marking duplicate. Discoveries *. [The appearance is gray and boxy as outlined here.] Not sure same problem. *. [Similar 'gray and boxy' article here] *. Desktop forgets theme.] *. I have also tried unity --reset command. It never completes. I gave it 20 minutes.

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• Please help restore my crashed launcher/compizconfig

  - by Will

  I have just upgraded from 11.04 to 11.10. Everything worked fine at first, but at one point when I was editing some CompizConfig settings (just something basic like 'number of desktops'), CompizConfig crashed. Then the whole launcher disappeared, along with most of the buttons in the top panel. The shutdown button, calendar, etc. all went, leaving just the tabs from File to Help. Also, windows now have the title and File, Edit..(etc) tabs on 2 separate lines, instead of the new format where hovering over the bar switches which one is visible. I have since been using Ctrl+Alt+T to open a terminal and open applications, shut down, etc, from there. I have typed in the command: unity --reset which has some effect, but the terminal never reaches the end of the task. I've also done apt-get update, which completed fine. Can anyone help me restore the launcher and panel functions?? I am getting most frustrated by the fact that once I have opened Firefox, I can't enter any other commands!

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• Retrieve malicious IP addresses from Apache logs and block them with iptables

  - by Gabriel Talavera

  Im trying to keep away some attackers that try to exploit XSS vulnerabilities from my website, I have found that most of the malicious attempts start with a classic "alert(document.cookie);\" test. The site is not vulnerable to XSS but I want to block the offending IP addresses before they found a real vulnerability, also, to keep the logs clean. My first thought is to have a script constantly checking in the Apache logs all IP addresses that start with that probe and send those addresses to an iptables drop rule. With something like this: cat /var/log/httpd/-access_log | grep "alert(document.cookie);" | awk '{print $1}' | uniq Why would be an effective way to send the output of that command to iptables? Thanks in advance for any input!

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• Problem with dpkg-preconfigure, how to correct?

  - by Eric Wilson

  I was trying to install TeamViewer, and I followed the instructions here even though they specify 11.10 instead of 12.04 (what I'm running). In particular, I executed. $ wget http://www.teamviewer.com/download/teamviewer_linux.deb $ sudo dpkg -i teamviewer_linux.deb The dpkg command failed, and after this point my packaging system has been broken. The software center instructs me to try: $ sudo apt-get -f install which leads to Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: teamviewer7:i386 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 17 not upgraded. 9 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 89.0 kB of archives. After this operation, 81.9 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main dash amd64 0.5.7-2ubuntu2 [89.0 kB] Fetched 89.0 kB in 1s (83.9 kB/s) E: Sub-process /usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt || true returned an error code (100) E: Failure running script /usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt || true At this point I'm stumped.

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• sendmail - DSN: Name Server host not found

  - by Daniel Mitchell

  I've recently setup a new backup server and have configured sendmail with a smart_relay_host Except every email from the command line doesn't go anywhere. From mail.log: Oct 3 14:32:52 **back01 sm-mta[16570]: p93DWqtC016568: to=<[email protected], ctladdr= (0/0), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=120762, relay=10.2.30.60, dsn=5.1.2, stat=Host unknown (Name server: 10.2.30.60: host not found) Oct 3 14:32:52 ***back01 sm-mta[16570]: p93DWqtC016568: p93DWqtC016570: DSN: Host unknown (Name server: 10.2.30.60: host not found) DNS is working correctly on this box. I can do forward and reverse lookups. I can also telnet to the mail relay and send a message that way. I'm stumped, any suggestions?

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• IISRESET On IIS 6.0 failing

  - by Natasha Thapa

  I am trying to do a reset on IIS 6.0 from the command line and I get this message below, all the services are up and running, googled for a solution, tells me to reinstall IIS 6.0, which I tried so many times. Any idea what is the problem? Using windows server 2003. Attempting stop... Internet services successfully stopped Attempting start... Restart attempt failed. IIS Admin Service or a service dependent on IIS Admin is not active. It most likely failed to start, which may mean that it's disabled.

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• Can't add Samba users in Ubuntu

  - by petersohn

  I am using (K)Ubuntu 10.10, and I'm trying to set up Samba shares. When I try to add a Samba user in the KDE samba configuration, exit the configuration dialog, then enter it again, I see that the user is not added. Then I tried it using the command line (running as root): smbpasswd -a peet 'peet' is my normal user name. It asks for a password, then does something on my hard drive, but I can see no password file created in /etc/samba, and neither does the date of my smb.conf file change. I also don't see the samba user when I open the samba configuration dialog.

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• SSH Tunneling for Munin

  - by Dennis Wisnia

  I had at home an NAS and in the datacenter a Server. I make an SSH Tunnel with the following command: autossh -fN -M20404 -R 1337:localhost:22 user@server (from the nas to the server) Its working and I can access the NAS. Now, I want access the munin-node, also I make a new tunnel from the server to the nas: ssh -N -R 49499:localhost:4949 localhost -p 1337 but if I make an nmap localhost -p 49499 the port is closed and i cant access the munin-node. I don't know why and I am very happy about your help.

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• Why will Screenshot not show up in Dash?

  - by Bruce

  I'm relatively new to Ubuntu, and am running into a problem I've not seen before. This is on an Ubuntu 12.04 system. I can't find Screenshot. I'm trying to take a shot of a screen from a web page, go to Dash, type in Screenshot, and nothing shows up. I've done this many times before, but suddenly Screenshot is not found. I downloaded an app called Shutter, it seems to have installed just fine, but like Screenshot, I don't know how to find it. Dash reveals nothing. In Dash, I've noticed that I have no applications showing up in response to a search. For instance, I can type Firefox, and get no results either, even though I'm using Firefox to submit this question. Is there something I can do to get Dash to show applications? Search results show only files and folders, and downloads. I did find one answer on Ask Ubuntu, which gave the following instructions: None of these fixes worked for me. But after more searching: rm ~/.cache/software-center -R worked like a charm. I did need to run: unity --reset & afterwards though, for the changes to take effect within dash, but the software center just started working straightaway. However, when I issued the unity --reset & command, it resulted in an internal error, and I'll have to reboot in order to reset my computer (which fortunately is allowing me to complete this question). So I'm still wondering why applications won't show in Dash, and will appreciate any help.

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• OpenVPN Permission Denied Error

  - by LordCover

  I am setting OpenVPN up, and I'm in the state of adding users. Details: Host System: Windows Server 2003 32-bit. Guest System: Ubuntu Linux (with OpenVPN installed already), actually I downloaded it from OpenVPN.Net. Virtualization: VMWare v7.0 Problem: I can access the Access Server web portal (on the port 5480), but when I login to http://host_ip:943/admin and enter my (correct) login info, it shows me a page saying that "You don't have enough permissions". I am the (root) user!!!! that is really weird!!! Note: if I enter wrong login it will denote an incorrect login, this means that I am logging in successfully but the problem comes after the login process. What I tried: I tried to create another user after (root) logging in to Linux Bash using (useradd) command, but the same resulted.

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• Syntax for piping varnish logs to rotatelogs

  - by jetboy

  Ubuntu 12.04 Server x64, Varnish 3.0.2 I'm trying to pipe varnishncsa's logs through Apache's rotatelogs, and running from the shell, things work fine: sudo varnishncsa -a -P /var/run/varnishncsa/varnishncsa.pid |/usr/sbin/rotatelogs /var/log/varnish/varnish.log.%Y%m%d%H 3600 creates a new logfile in /var/log/varnish, with rotation every hour (3600 seconds). However, I'm struggling to get things working the same way inside /etc/init.d/varnishncsa: PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin DAEMON=/usr/bin/$NAME PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME/$NAME.pid LOGFILE=/var/log/varnish/varnishncsa.log USER=varnishlog DAEMON_OPTS="-a -P ${PIDFILE}" DAEMON_PIPE="|/usr/sbin/rotatelogs /var/log/varnish/varnish.log.%Y%m%d%H 3600" ... start_varnishncsa() { output=$(/bin/tempfile -s.varnish) log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" create_pid_directory if start-stop-daemon --start --verbose --pidfile ${PIDFILE} \ --chuid $USER --exec ${DAEMON} -- ${DAEMON_OPTS} \ > ${output} 2>&1; then log_end_msg 0 else log_end_msg 1 cat $output exit 1 fi rm $output } Where should I put DAEMON_PIPE in the above code? I've tried at the end of: if start-stop-daemon --start --verbose --pidfile ${PIDFILE} which is where additional command line parameters usually go, but it isn't creating a logfile.

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• rsync does't work

  - by jspooner

  I set up a new ec2 ubuntu server and I'm unable to use rsync to push a file up. I can ssh to the machine with my keypair. I'm not sure why this looks like it works but finishes in half a second and there is nothing in /home/ubuntu on the server. ? ~ rsync -av -i ~/.ec2/my-keypair ~/Downloads/pushcom.2012-06-26T01-10-04.gz [email protected] building file list ... done >f..t.... gsg-keypair >f..t.... pushwoodcom.2012-06-26T01-10-04.gz sent 3624 bytes received 64 bytes 7376.00 bytes/sec total size is 3392 speedup is 0.92 I've tried 50 different ways of the rsync command but I can't get anything to work. Please help! Thanks

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• Error mounting samba share, cannot mount block device xxxx read-only

  - by Jeff Ward

  After installing Ubuntu 12.04, I'm trying to mount a samba share from Windows under Linux, using a scripted command that's always worked, and the server hasn't changed. The error is as follows: $ mount -t cifs //<host>/<share> /media/<share> -o username=<user>,password=<pass> mount: block device //<host>/<share> is write-protected, mounting read-only mount: cannot mount block device //<host>/<share> read-only $ I've read a lot of discussions about permissions, but unfortunately, that wasn't the issue. I'm submitting my own answer below for reference, hope this helps someone else.

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• Incremental backup and sync software

  - by martjno

  I need a free software for Windows (with gui or command line) that does incremental backup copying all files and storing changed or deleted files in a directory named like last change date (or a progressive number). To be more precise: D:\ is my Data drive E:\ is my Backupdrive. If i want to backup all my data from D:\: E:\d_lastbackup\ will contain a plain copy of all the files and folder content (no compression or archiving, same files attributes) of D E:\d_20090822\ will contain all files (with their full path) that are changed or deleted in the last version (since the previous one) E:\d_20090820\ will contain all files (with their full path) that are changed or deleted in the last version (since the previous one) and so on... I had a software working prefectly with an old USB harddsik by Maxtor, but it works only on that device. Any suggestion?

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• IRQ Conflicts Causing Video Card and Boot Problems?

  - by sanpatricio

  tl;dr - I have 4 devices sharing 1 IRQ. Is this bad and how do I tell the BIOS to stop it? Background: I have an old Dell GX280 dual Pentium 4 that I (semi) resurrected last weekend with an installation of Ubuntu 12.04. Everything was going fine the first several hours until a problem that plagued me when WinXP was on that machine happened -- it froze. Completely froze. None of the myriad of ways I have found here on askubuntu helped me to regain control except a long-press of the power button to shut it off. Clearly, this wasn't a software/WinXP issue. After much googling, I found that hardware conflicts can often cause this sort of total lock-up and with all the odd blocks of yellow and flecks of color showing on my screen (both WinXP and Ubuntu) I figured my old GeForce 7600 was failing and causing me these odd issues. (A good canned-air dusting of the entire interior fixed the color fleck problem) Again, through much googling and numerous answers found on askubuntu, I somehow stumbled my way onto the lshw command. After going through it, line by line, I found that I have four devices sharing IRQ 16: eth0, wlan0, ide0 (DVD-RW), and my video card. In hindsight, I can recall weird instances of my Ethernet connection to another computer not working when I thought it should. I never full troubleshot those issues so it could be a coincidence. The other thing that has been plaguing me since installing Ubuntu (wasn't there during WinXP) has been periodic moments of my monitor getting no signal from Ubuntu during boot. The first couple days, it would disappear after the Dell boot screen and reappear at Ubuntu login. Now, it disappears after the Dell boot screen and doesn't return at all -- I have to hit F12 where I can load a safe mode version of Ubuntu and get more details like dmesg and lsdev. I also ran memtest86 overnight and woke up to zero errors, so failing RAM is out. Where do I go from here?

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• Vim - How Recognize Spaces as Tabs (set listchars=tab)

  - by Eduardo Lucio

  I wonder if it is possible to use a configuration for that command "set listchars=tab:¦¦,trail:·" to "see" 4 spaces as tabs and get the effect of the picture below (using real tabs)... I use the setting "set expandtab" to Vim use spaces in place of tabs. I really need to use spaces instead of tabs, but I would keep the functionality above. There is some form of do this? Here's how Vim behaves when I use "set expandtab"... ... I wish he recognized one tab for every 4 spaces like above! My setup for tabs... set tabstop=2 set shiftwidth=2 set softtabstop=2 set expandtab Thank you!

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• What went wrong with my curl install?

  - by Danjah

  I'm fresher than the prince to Linux, I've been following the instructions here: http://chrisfulstow.com/running-node-js-on-windows-with-virtualbox-and-ubuntu (the link tells what I am generally trying to do). I'm all up and running in VBox, and am at the curl install part, I may have done the curl part a week ago I forget. So I ran this command anyway: danjah@danjah-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get install curl Result: [sudo] password for danjah: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done curl is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Then: $ curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sudo npm_install=rc sh Result: fetching: { gzip: stdin: unexpected end of file /bin/tar: Child returned status 1 /bin/tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now It failed Should I be concerned? How can I test curl? How can I avoid these situations? Perhaps there's a generic way of checking to see if I've already installed packages/etc? Case specific answers and general advice most appreciated. cheers, d

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• Windows 2008, 2 NICS, routing problem

  - by Srodriguez

  Dear all, I've some questions regarding basic routing, can't seem to relate to other questions posted in this site. My architecture: Windows 2008 server with 2 nics in the server. NIC1: IP 10.198.6.xxx, submask 255.255.252.0, gateway 10.198.4.xxx NIC2: IP 192.168.168.xxx, submask 255.255.255, no gateway defined both NICS are just connected to two separate switches, with other computers. I want to be able that all the requests that have a destination of 192.168.168.xxx are redirected to the NIC2, all the other to the NIC1. I know it's possible to do it with the route command, but normally we have to specify a gateway? (route ADD 192.168.168.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 ???) How can this be archived? Thanks a lot for your help!

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