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• Using a Level 2 switch as a core switch

  - by imtech

  I have a small user base of about 20 people on at a time and spiking up to about 80 people during peak times. Most people (80+%) are connected over our Aruba managed wireless system. We have a Windows Domain. We have 3 24-Port switches all connecting back to a central 48-port switch where additional access ports, firewall, servers, and wireless controller all centrally connect back to. It's a flat network with dumb switches. I'm in the process of upgrading our infrastructure. Cisco pricing for switches is pretty high for us so I've been looking at HP Procurves which seem to be within our budget range. I want to eventually make use of 802.1x, SNMP, QoS for possible VOIP upgrades, VLAN to separate guest VLAN from authenticated users, and other more advanced features. PoE would be nice but that's probably too expensive for us. I was thinking of having our core switch be a Procurve 2610 and the rest of our switches that centrally connect to it be Procurve 2510s. A true and full blown level 3 switch is way out of our price range but a 2610 seems to be good enough for us. The 2610 does static routing which ought to be good enough for us but I'm in unfamiliar territory so I'm looking for any gotchas. Also, should all the switches be 2610s or just the core switch? Do I even need the 2610, can I just go with all 2510s? I'm new to VLANs as well so I'm not sure what it is I need but I would like an affordable infrastructure that won't need replacing 2-3 years down the line because I choose a product that was lacking.

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• Apache stops responding to http requests -- https continues to work

  - by Apropos

  Okay. Very strange problem that I'm having here. I just recently updated to Apache 2.4.2 from 2.2.17, mostly to try to get name-based SSL VirtualHosts working (although they should have been working on 2.2.17). Server is Win2008 R2 (so x64 by definition) running with PHP 5.4.3 and MySQL 5.1.40 (outdated, I know). When I launch the server, it initially works fine. Responds to all requests, VirtualHosts all in order. However, after an uncertain amount of time (appears to only take a few minutes for the most part, but sometimes takes hours), it stops responding to regular HTTP requests (on any VirtualHost). HTTPS continues to work. No errors in the log, and nothing in the access logs when I attempt to connect. I'm having a hard time finding the source of this error given its intermittent nature. When removing all SSL-based VirtualHosts, it seemingly increased stability (still responding to HTTP requests twelve hours later). This could be mere coincidence, though. Entirety of SSL VirtualHost is as follows, should there happen to be a problem with it. <VirtualHost *:443> DocumentRoot "C:\Server\www\virtualhosts\mysite.net" ErrorLog logs/ssl.mysite.net-error_log CustomLog logs/ssl.mysite.net-access_log common env=!dontlog SSLEngine on SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT:!SSLv2:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM SSLCertificateFile C:/Server/bin/apache/apache2.4.2/conf/ssl/server.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile C:/Server/bin/apache/apache2.4.2/conf/ssl/server.key SSLCertificateChainFile C:/Server/bin/apache/Apache2.4.2/conf/ssl/sub.class1.server.ca.pem SSLCACertificateFile C:/Server/bin/apache/Apache2.4.2/conf/ssl/ca.pem </VirtualHost> Any ideas what I'm missing?

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• Webserver max CPU when apache and MYSQL are ran together

  - by Tim

  This website has been running fine without issues, Recently it went down. After some investigation it looks like the combo of MYSQL and Apache bring the box to its knees. Apache can run find serving static web pages and MYSQL can run fine when the website isn't working. As soon as the website is enabled with SQL running the CPU on the box remains at 100%. Picture of the usage: http://i.stack.imgur.com/GG2NC.png I've checked the sql database for errors, tried tuning nearly every parameter in apache/sql's conf file for performance. The server is a redhat based box running the latest software packages. Any help/suggestions are welcome. Doing an strace on a high cpu apache process I see the following: read(14, "", 8192) = 0 close(14) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 14 fcntl64(14, F_SETFL, O_RDONLY) = 0 fcntl64(14, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) connect(14, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock"...}, 110) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, "\2003\341\1\0\0\0\0", 8) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, "\2003\341\1\0\0\0\0", 8) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_IP, IP_TOS, [8], 4) = -1 EOPNOTSUPP (Operation not supported) setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, [1], 4) = 0 Here is what I see from a mysql process: futex(0x86fc9a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 39, NULL) = 0 futex(0x86fc734, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL) = 0 futex(0x86fc734, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0 gettimeofday({1301465020, 141613}, NULL) = 0 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1301465020, 141699633}) = 0 futex(0x8707a64, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {4, 999913367}) = 0 futex(0x8707a40, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL) = 0 futex(0x8707a40, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0 exit_group(0) = ?

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• Postfix "loops back to myself" error on relay to another IP address on same machine

  - by Nic Wolff

  I'm trying to relay all mail for one domain "ourdomain.tld" from Postfix running on port 2525 of one interface to another SMTP server running on port 25 of another interface on the same machine. However, when a message is received for that domain, we're getting a "mail for loops back to myself" error. Below are netstat and postconf, the contents of our /etc/postfix/transport file, and the error that Postfix is logging. (The high bytes of each IP address are XXXed out.) Am I missing something obvious? Thanks - # netstat -ln -A inet Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State ... tcp 0 0 XXX.XXX.138.209:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 XXX.XXX.138.210:2525 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN # postconf -d | grep mail_version mail_version = 2.8.4 # postconf -n alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases allow_mail_to_commands = alias,forward bounce_queue_lifetime = 0 command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 default_privs = nobody default_process_limit = 200 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = XXX.XXX.138.210 local_recipient_maps = local_transport = error:local mail delivery is disabled mail_owner = postfix mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq manpage_directory = /usr/local/man message_size_limit = 10240000 mydestination = mydomain = ourdomain.tld myhostname = ourdomain.tld mynetworks = XXX.XXX.119.0/24, XXX.XXX.138.0/24, XXX.XXX.136.128/25 myorigin = ourdomain.tld newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /etc/postfix recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = ourdomain.tld relay_recipient_maps = sample_directory = /etc/postfix sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail setgid_group = postdrop smtpd_authorized_verp_clients = $mynetworks smtpd_recipient_limit = 10000 transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 # cat /etc/postfix/transport ourdomain.tld relay:[XXX.XXX.138.209]:25 # tail -f /var/log/maillog ... Aug 2 23:58:36 va4 postfix/smtp[9846]: 9858A758404: to=<nicwolff@... >, relay=XXX.XXX.138.209[XXX.XXX.138.209]:25, delay=1.1, delays=0.08/0.01/1/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for [XXX.XXX.138.209]:25 loops back to myself)

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• How does it hurt to use Linux (Ubuntu) as a guest OS for all my tasks?

  - by sauparna

  I have a machine running Windows, where the disk has two partitions C (50 GB) and D (250GB). I do research in Information Retrieval and need to work with a large corpus (more than 50 GB) and in Linux. So if I want to install Linux on the existing system, keeping the Windows installation intact, will it be fine to run it in a virtual box? (say, QEMU, VMWare, etc.) An alternative is using Wubi. In that case the Linux installation has to be on drive C. Then, if I keep a small Linux installation (say 5GB) on C, and my corpus on D (mounted in Linux), how will it affect the performance of my programs which would be accessing the mounted Windows drive D. Is it feasible to use Linux this way? Which of the above is better if at all they are a way out? Note : Since my post in July 2010, I have been using and have tried several ways of maintaining a disk-image that I can mount in Linux. I had a 100GB qcow2 disk and a 100GB raw disk, both formatted to an EXT3 file system. I was mounting and connecting to the qcow2 disk using qemu-nbd. The problem was that every now and then, the connection to the disk would get lost and the running programs would throw disk I/O errors. The raw disk would mount and work fine as a loop mounted device, but when writing data to it, the mount.ntfs program would hog the CPU and the process would take an enormous amount of time. I was in fact running make on a piece of software located on this raw disk, and after a point of time make was waiting while mount.ntfs would show 100% CPU usage.

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• Setting MSN or Yahoo! Messenger status to Invisible or Offline when idle for an hour

  - by Jian Lin

  Where, or how, do I set it up in MSN Messenger or Yahoo! Messenger to automatically switch my status to either "Invisible" or "Offline" when idle for a half hour, or an hour? I know how to set my status as "Away" or "Busy" after 10 minutes, but can't seem to find a way to set the offline status options without manual intervention. Back story As a software developer, I am very used to turning the computer on for the whole day and not turning it back off. (For example, checking email for urgent fixes, fix issue and push to web server). It's not even turned off when heading to sleep in case I might find it hard to fall asleep and come back to check on the computer. Or to have it there ready in the morning to check that everything is okay. If I'm seen as being online for 24 hours of a day, some people see me as weird. Their perception of my value decreases as I'm always there (hard to get = high value; always there = low value). Leaving it on makes everyone in my contacts list think I have nothing better to do all day than sit in front of the computer. Even though it's my job and I do admittedly spend more time online than other people. That's why I'd like to find a way to set my status as Invisible or Offline.

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• Centos INODES usage

  - by MSTF

  We are using Centos & cPanel server but we have a important problem for INODES usage. "df -i" command showing for / directory using 6 million inodes!. When I check number of files for / directory, it has few thousand files. df -i Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda4 6578176 6567525 10651 100% / tmpfs 8238094 1 8238093 1% /dev/shm /dev/sdi1 61054976 169 61054807 1% /backup /dev/sda1 51296 38 51258 1% /boot /dev/sda2 0 0 0 - /boot/efi /dev/sdc1 7290880 1252 7289628 1% /database /dev/sdb2 4096000 53258 4042742 2% /home /dev/sdd1 7290880 3500 7287380 1% /home2 /dev/sde1 7290880 68909 7221971 1% /home3 /dev/sdg1 7290880 68812 7222068 1% /home5 /dev/sdh1 7290880 695076 6595804 10% /home6 /dev/sdf1 7290880 58658 7232222 1% /tmp df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda4 99G 30G 65G 32% / tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdi1 917G 270G 601G 32% /backup /dev/sda1 788M 80M 669M 11% /boot /dev/sda2 400M 296K 400M 1% /boot/efi /dev/sdc1 110G 1.5G 103G 2% /database /dev/sdb2 62G 1.1G 58G 2% /home /dev/sdd1 110G 79G 26G 76% /home2 /dev/sde1 110G 3.9G 101G 4% /home3 /dev/sdg1 110G 51G 54G 49% /home5 /dev/sdh1 110G 64G 41G 62% /home6 /dev/sdf1 110G 611M 104G 1% /tmp SDA disk just have Operating System and cPanel. There is no account, database, tmp on SDA disk. Why SDA using high inodes? Note: All disks is SSD 120GB Thanks.

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• Why does redis report limit of 1024 files even after update to limits.conf?

  - by esilver

  I see this error at the top of my redis.log file: Current maximum open files is 1024. maxclients has been reduced to 4064 to compensate for low ulimit. I have followed these steps to the letter (and rebooted): Moreover, I see this when I run ulimit: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ ulimit -n 65535 Is this error specious? If not, what other steps do I need to perform? I am running redis 2.8.13 (tip of the tree) on Ubuntu LTS 14.04.1 (again, tip of the tree). Here is the user info: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ ps aux | grep redis root 1027 0.0 0.0 66328 2112 ? Ss 20:30 0:00 sudo -u ubuntu /usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf ubuntu 1107 19.2 48.8 7629152 7531552 ? Sl 20:30 2:21 /usr/local/bin/redis-server *:6379 The server is therefore running as ubuntu. Here are my limits.conf file without comments: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ cat /etc/security/limits.conf | sed '/^#/d;/^$/d' ubuntu soft nofile 65535 ubuntu hard nofile 65535 root soft nofile 65535 root hard nofile 65535 And here is the output of sysctl fs.file-max: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ sysctl -a| grep fs.file-max sysctl: permission denied on key 'fs.protected_hardlinks' sysctl: permission denied on key 'fs.protected_symlinks' fs.file-max = 1528687 sysctl: permission denied on key 'kernel.cad_pid' sysctl: permission denied on key 'kernel.usermodehelper.bset' sysctl: permission denied on key 'kernel.usermodehelper.inheritable' sysctl: permission denied on key 'net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen_key' as sudo ubuntu@ip-10-102-154-226:~$ sudo sysctl -a| grep fs.file-max fs.file-max = 1528687 Also, I see this error at the top of the redis.log file, not sure if it's related. It makes sense that the ubuntu user isn't allowed to change max open files, but given the high ulimits I have tried to set he shouldn't need to: [1050] 23 Aug 21:00:43.572 # You requested maxclients of 10000 requiring at least 10032 max file descriptors. [1050] 23 Aug 21:00:43.572 # Redis can't set maximum open files to 10032 because of OS error: Operation not permitted.

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• What's the best way to run Drupal and Django sites behind the same Varnish server?

  - by Alexis Bellido

  I have a high traffic website running with Drupal and Apache, five web servers behind a Varnish server load balancing. Let's say this site is example.com. I'm using five backends and a director like this in my default.vcl: director balancer round-robin { { .backend = web1; } { .backend = web2; } { .backend = web3; } { .backend = web4; } { .backend = web5; } } Now I'm working on a new Django project that will be a new section of this site running on example.com/new-section. After checking the documentation I found I can do something like this: sub vcl_recv { if (req.url ~ "^/new-section/") { set req.backend = newbackend; } else { set req.backend = default; } } That is, using a different backend for a subdirectory /new-section under the same domain. My question is, how do I make something like this work with my director and load balancing setup? I'm probably going to run two or more web servers (backends) with my new Django project, each one with a mix of Gunicorn, Nginx, and a few Python packages, and would like to put all of those in their own Varnish director to load balance. Is it possible to do use the above approach to decide which director to use?, like this: sub vcl_recv { if (req.url ~ "^/new-section/") { set req.director = newdirector; } else { set req.director = balancer; } } All suggestions welcome. Thanks!

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• Drobo-like linux file server - how do I do it?

  - by John Hunt

  I've been pondering for a long time about how I can set up a server which operates much like the Drobo storage thing. The reasons I don't actually want a drobo is because I've heard scare stories, plus I'd like to do this on the cheap. So ideally I'm looking for something like lvm so I can create a logical volume that spans many hard disks of varying sizes... obviously that only offers redundancy if I put the LV on a raid array (as far as I know..) I have however been reading about technologies such as Microsoft's drive extender which duplicates files at the filesystem level and makes sure that the mirrored files are on a different phyiscal disk.. does anyone know or recommend a filesystem or method like this as it'll hopefully make much better use of the space available than raid ever could. Performance isn't an issue, I'd just really like to make the most of the hard disks I have lying around whilst having a bit of redundancy incase a disk dies. I understand full well that this is no replacement for a backup, but I'll only be storing files of medium importance and using the nas itself as a backup of my main pc and other systems. Thanks in advance! I'm hoping zfs or btrfs or something can do something clever for me :)

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• NAT vs public IP (and blocked ports)

  - by user1646166

  I have a problem with my ISP. They say that they don't block any ports and I have public IP, while I think these both statements are false. Before I talk to them again (which is really tough when my understanding of these terms is different than theirs) I would like to make some things clear. It seems like my computer is behind NAT (is it possible to have public IP and be behind NAT at the same moment?). When I check my IP, through some external server, and type that IP into browser I get a home page of some router (not mine). Isn't that a proof that my IP isn't public? Also, I have problems with making connections via some ports. E.g. when I'm trying to connect through some high port ( 1023) via SSH, it doesn't work. Is it possible that certain range of outgoing ports from my computer are blocked? Or is it simply because that my ssh client (PuTTY) can't receive incoming packets because of blocked incoming ports? To avoid some questions: it's not a problem with my router, I tried connecting my PC directly and it also didn't work, while having connected by 3G using phone with USB tethering, it does work. Thanks!

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• SQL Server Database In Single User Mode after Failover

  - by jlichauc

  Here is a weird situation we experienced with a SQL Server 2008 Database Mirroring Failover. We have a pair of mirrored databases running in high-availability mode and both the principal and mirror showed as synchronized. As part of some maintenance I triggered a manual failover of the principal to the mirror. However after the failover the principal was now in single-user mode instead of the expected "Principal/Synchronized" state we usually get. The database had been in multi-user mode on the previous principal before this had happened. We ended up stopping all applications, restarting the SQL Server instances, and executing "ALTER DATABASE ... SET MULTI_USER" to bring the database back to the expected "Principal/Synchronized" state in a multi-user mode. Question. Does anyone know where SQL Server stores information about whether a database should be in single-user mode or not? I'm wondering if there is some system database or table that has this setting recorded somewhere. In particular we had an incident once with the database on the original principal (the one I was failing over to) where when trying to detach the database it was put into single-user mode. I'm wondering if that setting is cached somewhere and is the reason that SQL Server put it back into single-user mode after a failover.

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• How do I convert a video to GIF using ffmpeg, with reasonable quality?

  - by Kamil Hismatullin

  I'm converting .flv movie to .gif file with ffmpeg. ffmpeg -i input.flv -ss 00:00:00.000 -pix_fmt rgb24 -r 10 -s 320x240 -t 00:00:10.000 output.gif It works great, but output gif file has a very law quality. Any ideas how can I improve quality of converted gif? Output of command: $ ffmpeg -i input.flv -ss 00:00:00.000 -pix_fmt rgb24 -r 10 -s 320x240 -t 00:00:10.000 output.gif ffmpeg version 0.8.5-6:0.8.5-0ubuntu0.12.10.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Jan 24 2013 14:52:53 with gcc 4.7.2 *** THIS PROGRAM IS DEPRECATED *** This program is only provided for compatibility and will be removed in a future release. Please use avconv instead. Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'input.flv': Metadata: major_brand : mp42 minor_version : 0 compatible_brands: isommp42 creation_time : 2013-02-14 04:00:07 Duration: 00:00:18.85, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 3098 kb/s Stream #0.0(und): Video: h264 (High), yuv420p, 1280x720, 2905 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 50 tbn, 50 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Stream #0.1(und): Audio: aac, 44100 Hz, stereo, s16, 192 kb/s Metadata: creation_time : 2013-02-14 04:00:07 [buffer @ 0x92a8ea0] w:1280 h:720 pixfmt:yuv420p [scale @ 0x9215100] w:1280 h:720 fmt:yuv420p -> w:320 h:240 fmt:rgb24 flags:0x4 Output #0, gif, to 'output.gif': Metadata: major_brand : mp42 minor_version : 0 compatible_brands: isommp42 creation_time : 2013-02-14 04:00:07 encoder : Lavf53.21.1 Stream #0.0(und): Video: rawvideo, rgb24, 320x240, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 90k tbn, 10 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Press ctrl-c to stop encoding frame= 101 fps= 32 q=0.0 Lsize= 8686kB time=10.10 bitrate=7045.0kbits/s dup=0 drop=149 video:22725kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead -61.778676% Thanks.

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• Hugepages not utilized by MySQL 5.0, CentOS 5

  - by TechZilla

  I've set up Hugepages, but i'm not seeing any of them reserved. Have I missed a step, or for some particular reason, is MySQL is unable to utilize the Hugepages? I have not created a mount of hugetlbfs, although from what I read, MySQL would not call pages in such a manner. If I'm wrong, please let me know, as that would be a trivial solution. Almost all my MySQL tables are using InnoDB. NOTE: I created a hugetlbfs, no change as expected. Is it possible that rebooting would rectify this situation? I would not want to go through the procedure, as this is high availability, but would do so if necessary. This is the configurations, which I believe are relevant. /etc/sysctl.conf ... ## Huge Pages vm.nr_hugepages = 4096 vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 27 ## SHM kernel.shmmax = 34359738368 kernel.shmall = 8589934592 ... /etc/security/limits.conf ... mysql soft nofile 12888 mysql hard nofile 51552 @mysql soft memlock unlimited @mysql hard memlock unlimited /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] large-pages ... grep Huge /proc/meminfo HugePages_Total: 4096 HugePages_Free: 4096 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB id mysql uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh tail -6 /var/log/mysqld.log InnoDB: HugeTLB: Warning: Failed to allocate 1342193664 bytes. errno 12 InnoDB HugeTLB: Warning: Using conventional memory pool 120808 15:49:25 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 1729804158 120808 15:49:25 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.0.95' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution I would really appreciate any help, I'm completely out of ideas. If I missed any more relevant configs, or diagnostics, please comment and I'll add it to the question.

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• What is the difference between disabling hibernation and idling time for a NAS?

  - by Gary M. Mugford

  I have two D-LINK DNS-323 NAS boxes with two Seagate drives in each. The first one is about a year old, the second one about three months. The first two on Monster are each 1.5T drives while the last two on Origami are 2T drives. I have never been overly happy with the Monster drives but, outside of poor throughput on small files, they have been consistently available to all programs after I put a batch file into my startup to do a directly listing of each. I added the two new drives when I added the Origami box. But, watching the dos box that comes up, I rarely see both listed before the box disappears. Other programs, backups, Belarc, even my file browsers, seem to have a dickens of a time seeing O: and P:. Finally, I decided to go into setup and turn off hibernation. Performance HAS been better since and Belarc, for instance, now sees both drives. At the time of poking around, I noticed an Idle Time feature too. What is the difference between the two settings? And for added points, how much trouble am I in for turning off hibernation? The super bonus round ... anything ELSE I should have done? Thanks in advance, GM

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• Debian: What are these files in /sys/devices/pci0000:00/ for?

  - by muhuk

  I am running Debian Squeeze on an MSI M670 laptop. I have these following files on my root drive, each 256MB: file:///sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/resource1 file:///sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/resource1_wc Here is my lspci output: muhuk@debian:~$ lspci 00:00.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:00.2 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 1 (rev a2) 00:00.3 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 5 (rev a2) 00:00.4 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 4 (rev a2) 00:00.5 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:00.6 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 3 (rev a2) 00:00.7 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 2 (rev a2) 00:03.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation C51 PCI Express Bridge (rev a1) 00:05.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation C51 [GeForce Go 6100] (rev a2) 00:09.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:0a.0 ISA bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP51 LPC Bridge (rev a3) 00:0a.1 SMBus: nVidia Corporation MCP51 SMBus (rev a3) 00:0a.3 Co-processor: nVidia Corporation MCP51 PMU (rev a3) 00:0b.0 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP51 USB Controller (rev a3) 00:0b.1 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP51 USB Controller (rev a3) 00:0d.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP51 IDE (rev a1) 00:0e.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Serial ATA Controller (rev a1) 00:0f.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Serial ATA Controller (rev a1) 00:10.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP51 PCI Bridge (rev a2) 00:10.1 Audio device: nVidia Corporation MCP51 High Definition Audio (rev a2) 00:14.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Ethernet Controller (rev a3) 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 04:04.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Firewire (IEEE 1394) (rev 02) 04:04.2 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MMC/SD Controller (rev 01) 04:04.3 Mass storage controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MS/xD Controller (rev 01) 04:09.0 Network controller: RaLink RT2561/RT61 rev B 802.11g I am speculating these have something to do with the shared RAM my GPU is using. But why a file on disk? And why two of them?

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• How to get back the themes feature in Windows XP?

  - by Martín M.

  When I try to set a visual style in Windows XP (the standard Luna, for example), I get one of these two: "Access denied" error. It works, but when I restart the computer, I get the Classic look again, with no errors. Also, the "Windows and icons" dropdown is grayed out in the "Appearance". This is a list of things I have tried, with no results: Making sure "Use visual styles on windows" is checked on System Properties Advanced Performance. Restarting the "Themes" service. It starts cleanly, no errors. Applying these two fixes: Kelly's Corner and tweaks.com. Running sfc /scannow and checking the integrity of uxtheme.dll against a clean installation of XP Restoring the whole \Windows\Resources\Themes directory. Creating a new user. The new user does not seem to suffer this problem. Maybe this is the solution, create a new user and migrating all the data, but it would be a pain, and I would prefer reinstalling the whole thing. I am using Windows XP Professional SP3, with no spyware, no virus, and no other visible malfunctions. How can I fix this?

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• KVM error with device pass through

  - by javano

  I am running the following command booting a Debian live CD passing a host PCI device to the guest as a test and KVM errors out; kvm -m 512 -boot c -net none -hda /media/AA502592502565F3/debian.iso -device pci-assign,host=07:00.0 PCI region 1 at address 0xf7920000 has size 0x80, which is not a multiple of 4K. You might experience some performance hit due to that. No IOMMU found. Unable to assign device "(null)" kvm: -device pci-assign,host=07:00.0: Device 'pci-assign' could not be initialized lspci | grep 07 07:00.0 Ethernet controller: 3Com Corporation 3c905C-TX/TX-M [Tornado] (rev 74) I shoved an old spare NIC into my motherboard to test PCI pass through. I have searched the Internet with Goolge and found that errors relating to "No IOMMU found" often mean the PCI device is not supported by KVM. Does KVM have to support the device being "passed-through"? I though the point was to pass the device through and let the guest worry about it? Ultimately I want to pass-through a PCI random number generator, is this not going to be possible with KVM? Thank you.

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• pfSense router on a LAN with two gateways

  - by JohnCC

  I have a LAN with an ADSL modem/router on it. We have just gained an alternative high-speed internet connection at our location, and I want to connect the LAN to it, eventually dropping the ADSL. I've chosen to use a small PFSense box to connect the LAN to the new WAN connection. Two servers on the LAN run services accessible to the outside via NAT using the single ADSL WAN IP. We have DNS records which point to this IP. I want to do the same via the new connection, using the WAN IP there. That connection permits multiple IPs, so I have configured pfSense using virtual IP's, 1:1 NAT and appropriate firewall rules. When I change the servers' default gateway settings to the pfSense box, I can access the services via the new WAN IPs without a problem. However, I can no longer access them via the old WAN IP. If I set the servers' default gateway back to the ADSL router, then the opposite is true - I can access the services via the ADSL IP, but not via the new one. In the first case, I believe this is because an incoming SYN packet arrives at the ADSL WAN IP, and is NAT'd and sent to the internal IP of the server. The server responds with a SYN/ACK which it sends via its default gateway, the pfSense box. The pfSense box sees a SYN/ACK that it saw no SYN for and drops the packet. Is there any sensible way around this? I would like the services to be accessible via both IPs for a short period at least, since once I change the DNS it will take a while before everyone picks up the new address.

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• What is the best way to connect a 3 switches with a router?

  - by Carlos Morales

  Hello everyone, I'm trying to rebuild the network from my work and I was thinking what is the best way to connect three switches and a router. The router has 4 ports so I thought to connect 2 switches to the router (each switch connected with 2 cables to the router) and then connect the third switch to one of the others with two cables. So is like this, two cables from switch one to the router, two cables from switch two to the router and two cables from switch 3 to switch 1 or 2. So my questions are: Is it better to connect the router to each switch with a cable or the more cables you have the better? If I connect the switch 3 to switch 1 or 2 is it better to connect it with a cable or you get better performance with more cables. If I'm wrong and there is a better or more efficient way to connect them please let me know. The router is a Netgear RP114 (I'll upgrade it to a Sonicwall NSA 240), switch 1 is a Netgear GS748T, switch 2 is a Cisco Catalyst 2924-XL and switch 3 is a D-link DGS-1024D Thank you very much

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• Windows 2012 RDS Temporary profile for Administrator

  - by Fabio

  I've configured a Windows 2012 RDS Farm with two virtual servers (VMWare - each one on a different ESX server). Both servers have Licensing, Web Access, Gateway, Connection Broker and Session Host roles. High Availability is set up and it works fine. Remote Apps are working and even Windows XP clients have access to the web interface. User profile path is \vmfiles1\UserProfileDisks\App\ and almost everyone has full right access to it. The problem I have is that I would like to be able to access both servers at the same time with the Administrator account (console), but each time I try, the second server that I logon to give me access with a temporary profile. I tried to enable/disable multiple sessions per user and forced Admin logoff with the GPO but nothing changed. Another thing is that the server pool is not saved, so each time I restart the RDS server or I logoff from it, I have to add a server in the server manager. Do you have any idea? Sorry if my english is not perfect.

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• All applications quit when printing on imac OS X 10.5.8

  - by Tamany

  I recently ran a software update. I'm not sure if my problems are associated with this but I'm pretty sure they are as I printed successfully before update. I checked the log at time of printing: 03/05/2010 22:03:15 Microsoft Word[697] *** -[NSCFString _getValue:forType:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x17a82b50 03/05/2010 22:03:15 [0x0-0x51051].com.microsoft.Word[697] Ignoring Quickdraw drawing between QDBeginCGContext and QDEndCGContext 03/05/2010 22:03:16 [0x0-0x51051].com.microsoft.Word[697] Ignoring Quickdraw drawing between QDBeginCGContext and QDEndCGContext 03/05/2010 22:03:16 [0x0-0x51051].com.microsoft.Word[697] Ignoring Quickdraw drawing between QDBeginCGContext and QDEndCGContext 03/05/2010 22:03:16 [0x0-0x51051].com.microsoft.Word[697] Ignoring Quickdraw drawing between QDBeginCGContext and QDEndCGContext 03/05/2010 22:03:16 [0x0-0x51051].com.microsoft.Word[697] Ignoring Quickdraw drawing between QDBeginCGContext and QDEndCGContext 03/05/2010 22:03:16 [0x0-0x51051].com.microsoft.Word[697] Ignoring Quickdraw drawing between QDBeginCGContext and QDEndCGContext 03/05/2010 22:03:17 [0x0-0x51051].com.microsoft.Word[697] Mon May 3 22:03:17 leopards-imac-2.local Word[697] <Error>: The function `CGPDFDocumentGetMediaBox' is obsolete and will be removed in an upcoming update. Unfortunately, this application, or a library it uses, is using this obsolete function, and is thereby contributing to an overall degradation of system performance. Please use `CGPDFPageGetBoxRect' instead. 03/05/2010 22:22:09 Microsoft Word[697] *** -[NSCFString _getValue:forType:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x1b036500 Any thoughts on how to fix this?

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• Kickstart: Serve dynamic kickstart images via a CGI or PHP script?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I'd like to kickstart a couple dozen RHEL6/SL6 servers. However, some of these servers are different and I don't want to create a new ks.cfg file for each class of server. Are there any products which can generate a Kickstart file dynamically on the fly, from a template? For example, if I append a line like this to the KERNEL: APPEND ks=http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/ks.cgi Then the script ks.cgi can determine what host this is (Via the MAC address), and print out Kickstart options which are appropriate for that host. I could optionally override some options by passing parameters to the script, like this: APPEND ks=http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/ks.cgi?NODETYPE=production&IP=192.168.2.80 After we kickstart the server, we activate Cfengine/Puppet on this system and manage the system using our favorite Configuration Management product. We're experimenting with xCAT but it is proving too cumbersome. I've looked into Cobbler, but I'm not sure it does this. Update: A roll-your-own solution is discussed in the O'Reilly book: Managing RPM-Based Systems with Kickstart and Yum, Chapter 3. Customizing Your Kickstart Install Dynamic ks.cfg, which echos some of the comments in this thread: To implement such a tool is beyond the scope of this Short Cut, but I can walk through the high-level design. Any such solution would mix a data store (the things that change) with a templating solution (the things that don’t change). The data store would hold the per-machine data, such as the IP address and hostname. You would also need a unique identifier, perhaps the hostname, such that you could pick up a given machine’s data. The data store could be a flat file, XML data, or a relational database such as PostgreSQL or MySQL. In turn, to invoke the system, you pass a machine’s unique identifier as a URL parameter. For example: boot: linux ks=http://your.kickstart.server/gen_config?host-server25 In this example, the CGI (or servlet, or whatever) generates a ks.cfg for the machine server25. But where, oh where, is the code for ks.cgi?

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• How many reverse proxies (nginx, haproxy) is too many?

  - by Alysum

  I'm setting up a HA (high availability) cluster using nginx, haproxy & apache. I've been reading great things about nginx and haproxy. People tend to choose one or the other but I like both. Haproxy is more flexible for load balancing than nginx's simple round robin (even with the upstream-fair patch). But I'd like to keep nginx for redirecting non-https to https among other things right at the point of entry to the cluster. On the other hand, nginx is a lot faster for serving static contents and would reduce the load on the powerful apache which loves to eat a lot of RAM! Here is my planned setup: Load balancer: nginx listens on port 80/443 and proxy_forwards to haproxy on 8080 on the same server to load balance between the multiple nodes. Nodes: nginx on the node listens to requests coming from haproxy on 8080, if the content is static, serve it. But if it's a backend script (in my case PHP), proxy forward to apache2 on the same node server listenning on a different port number. Technically this setup works but my concerns are whether having the requests going through several proxies is going to slow down requests? Most of the requests will be PHP requests as the backends are services (which means groing from nginx - haproxy - nginx - apache). Thoughts? Cheers

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• APC fragmentation on EC2 Micro for Wordpress + W3TC

  - by Maarten Provo

  I'm trying to optimize APC for my Amazon EC2 Micro server running one Wordpress-site with W3TC. I've started with the settings advised by TechZilla in another topic but I keep getting high fragmentation with 50% of space being free. I've uploaded an image to http://www.maartenprovo.be/downloads/apc.jpg but I can't post it here since I need at least 10 reputation. What values can I optimize to prevent fragmentation? [apc] apc.enabled=1 apc.shm_segments=1 ;32M per WordPress install apc.shm_size=164M ;Leave at 2M or lower. WordPress does't have any file sizes close to 2M apc.max_file_size=2M ;Relative to the number of cached files apc.num_files_hint=1000 ;Relative to the size of WordPress apc.user_entries_hint=4096 ;The number of seconds a cache entry is allowed to idle in a slot before APC dumps the cache apc.ttl=7200 apc.user_ttl=7200 apc.gc_ttl=3600 ;Auto update chache files on change in WP-ADMIN or W3TC apc.stat=1 ;This MUST be 0, WP can have errors otherwise! apc.include_once_override=0 ;Only set to 1 while debugging apc.enable_cli=0 ;Allow 2 seconds after a file is created before it is cached to prevent users from seeing half-written/weird pages apc.file_update_protection=2 ;Ignore files apc.filters apc.slam_defense = 0 apc.write_lock = 1 apc.cache_by_default=1 apc.use_request_time=1 apc.mmap_file_mask=/var/tmp/apc.XXXXXX apc.stat_ctime=0 apc.canonicalize=1 apc.write_lock=1 apc.report_autofilter=0 apc.rfc1867=0 apc.rfc1867_prefix =upload_ apc.rfc1867_name=APC_UPLOAD_PROGRESS apc.rfc1867_freq=0 apc.rfc1867_ttl=3600 apc.lazy_classes=0 apc.lazy_functions=0

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