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  • compressing dd backup on the fly

    - by Phil
    Maybe this will sound like dumb question but the way i'm trying to do it doesn't work. I'm on livecd, drive is unmounted, etc. When i do backup this way sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/media/disk/sda2-backup-10august09.ext3 bs=64k ...normally it would work but i don't have enough space on external hd i'm copying to (it ALMOST fits into it). So I wanted to compress this way sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 | gzip > /media/disk/sda2-backup-10august09.gz ...but i got permissions denied. I don't understand.

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  • How to get filename of job in cups?

    - by Grook
    I have printed a couple of files and lpstat shows that they are completed. But the output is something like this: # lpstat -W completed -l Canon-1 root 1086464 Sat May 21 22:47:03 2011 Alerts: job-canceled-by-user queued for Canon Canon-2 root 337920 Mon May 23 20:18:02 2011 Alerts: job-canceled-by-user queued for Canon CanonWin-3 root 17408 Mon May 23 20:29:40 2011 Alerts: job-completed-successfully queued for CanonWin` How can i get names of files which has been printed? P.S. Is there is any bash-script which allows me to get names of all files which has been printed?

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  • Is it possible to open server ports on TUN devices?

    - by JosephH
    If I make a VPN connection to a server (say myvpn.com; assume this server is not behind any router/firewall) via a TUN device and open a port (say 5555), will someone else be able to connect to me via myvpn.com:5555? If not, is there a tunneling software that does exactly this in a transparent manner? i.e. run any TCP/UDP-based server instance behind a router without NAT using another remote server.

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  • What is a good partitioning design/scheme for a multi-boot *nix system?

    - by static
    I'm planning to install Debian on my server. I would like to design the partitioning scheme in such a way, that I could install one or more other *nix distributives on that. So, reading many articles I think this scheme could be a good one for the initial idea of multi-boot: /grub /swap /LVM VG1 (for OS1) -> /boot (LV1) / (LV2) /tmp (LV3) /var ... /var/log /home /LVM VG2 (for OS2) -> /boot / /tmp /var /var/log /home ... (other distros) /LVM VG0 (for data) -> /data (LV1) But I'm confused a little bit now: what should be the labels for these partitions (unique or not) and what should be the mounting points looking as (/home (OS1) mounted to /home as well as /home (OS2)...)?

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  • Can not understand this script

    - by Jim
    Can someone help me understand this script? It is from sysconf_add and I am new to scripting. I need to do something similar. function add_word() { local word=$1 local word_quoted=$2 if ! word_present; then $debug && cp $file $tmpf sed -i -e "${lineno} { s/^[[:space:]]*\($var=\".*\)\(\".*\)/\1 $word_quoted\2/; s/=\" /=\"/ }" $file $debug && diff -u $tmpf $file else echo \"$word\" already present fi # some balancing for vim"s syntax highlighting }

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  • bash shell script which adds output of commands

    - by John Kube
    Let's say I have a command called foo which prints a number to the screen when called: $foo 3 Let's also say I have another command called bar which prints another number to the screen when called: $bar 5 I'm looking to write a shell script which will add together the output of foo and bar. How would I do that? (The outputs from the commands are not known ahead of time. They just so happen to have been 3 and 5 the last time they were run. They could have been something else.) Thanks!

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  • Removing files with strange names

    - by pythonic metaphor
    Somehow I ended up with a file named "-r". How do I remove it? rm -r doesn't work. I tried 'rm -i `ls -a`' to step through the file names, but it didn't prompt me to delete this one. Edit A very hacky approach was to use python's os.unlink function. That worked, but I'm curious to hear other ways.

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  • Rsync and Lazy mode ?

    - by fabien-barbier
    Since transferring or copying a file that is being used sometimes causes corruption of the transferred file, can we define a time interval in which Rsync checks each file in a given directory to see if there is a change within that time interval ? Files that are not changed during that interval will be transferred, while those that have changes will not. Can I do that with rsync ? Or another tool ? Is there a script to add this functionality to Rsync ? Thanks

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  • command history across multiple PuTTy sessions in SunOS 5.10

    - by foampile
    I have multiple PuTTy sessions open to my SunOS 5.10 server, and I am using ksh, and SOMETIMES the command history is shared among the different sessions and SOMETIMES it is not. I cannot figure out what determines whether it is or is not shared. By shared what I mean is that a command run in one session will be seen as previous command run in another session. I prefer it not to be shared, is there a config setting for that? Thanks

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  • how to manage credentials/access to multiple ssh servers

    - by geoaxis
    I would like to make a script which can maintain multiple servers via SSH. I want to control the authentication/authorization in such a manner that authentication is done by gateway and any other access is routed through this ssh server to internal services without any further authentication/authorization requirements. So if a user A can log into server_1 for example. He can then ssh to server_2 without any other authentication and do what ever he is allowed to do on server_2 (like shut down mysql, upgrade it and restart it. This could be done via some remote shell script). The problem that I am trying to solve is to come up with a deployment script for a JavaEE system which involves databases and tomcat instances. They need to be shutdown and re-spawned. The requirement is to have a deployment script which has minimal human interaction as possible for both developers and operation.

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  • Reporting memory usage per process/program

    - by Nick Retallack
    How can I get the current memory usage (preferably in bytes so they can be added up accurately) for all running processes individually? Can I roll up the summaries for child processes into the process that spawned them? (e.g all apache threads together). Sometimes, my server runs out of memory and becomes unresponsive. I want to discover what is using up all the memory. Unfortunately, it's likely to not be a single process. Some programs spawn hundreds of processes, each using very little memory, but it adds up. On a side note, is it normal for apache to spawn 200+ processes?

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  • Fast Ways of Cd'ing on *nix?

    - by Yar
    I find myself constantly typing (using tab, of course) absurd paths like cd path/to/the/thing\ that\ I\ need/python/proj/eraseme Aside from doing an ln -s (or some other type of ln?), is there any other way to get around faster? Also, if the solution is to use ln, is there some standard way/place to put the links so a not to clutter my ~ directory? I'm not asking for shortcuts only: any solution that helps with the problem of "how to get around" would help.

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  • Web Server Users - Best Practice

    - by Toby
    I was wondering what is considered best practice when several developers/administrators require access to the same web server. Should there be one non-root user with a secure username and password unqiue to the web server which everyone logs in as or should there be a username for each person. I am leaning towards a username for each person to aid in logging etc however then does the same user keep the same credentials over several servers, or should at least their password change depending on the server they are on? Should any non-root user of the system be added to the sudoers file or is it best practice to leave everyone off it and only let root perform certain tasks? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Web Server Users - Best Practice

    - by Toby
    I was wondering what is considered best practice when several developers/administrators require access to the same web server. Should there be one non-root user with a secure username and password unqiue to the web server which everyone logs in as or should there be a username for each person. I am leaning towards a username for each person to aid in logging etc however then does the same user keep the same credentials over several servers, or should at least their password change depending on the server they are on? Should any non-root user of the system be added to the sudoers file or is it best practice to leave everyone off it and only let root perform certain tasks? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Postfix connects to wrong relay?

    - by Eric
    I am trying to set up postfix on my ubuntu server in order to send emails via my isp's smtp server. I seem to have missed something because the mail.log tells me: Jan 19 11:23:11 mediaserver postfix/smtp[5722]: CD73EA05B7: to=<[email protected]>, relay=new.mailia.net[85.183.240.20]:25, delay=6.2, delays=5.7/0.02/0.5/0, dsn=4.7.0, status=deferred (SASL authentication failed; server new.mailia.net[85.183.240.20] said: 535 5.7.0 Error: authentication failed: ) The relay "new.mailia.net[85.183.240.20]:25" was not set up by me. I use "relayhost = smtp.alice.de". Why is postfix trying to connect to a different server? Here is my main.cf: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = mediaserver alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases mydestination = mediaserver, localhost.localdomain, , localhost relayhost = smtp.alice.de mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all myorigin = /etc/mailname inet_protocols = all sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_password smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous Output of postconf -n: alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = mediaserver, localhost.localdomain, , localhost myhostname = mediaserver mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = relayhost = smtp.alice.de sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_password smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes

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  • Why doesn't this cron work?

    - by Alex
    I do "crontab -e" and add the following line: 0 9 * * * /usr/bin/python /home/g1/g1/utils/statsEmail.py > /home/g1/log/statsemail.log But it doesn't work! Why? The script itself works. Also, the log is empty. My other command in crontab is this, and it works: 0 9 * * * /usr/bin/python /home/g1/g1/sphinx/updateall.py > /home/g1/log/updateall.log

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  • Is it better to check if file exists before deleting it

    - by Kevin Fegan
    Sometimes when I want to delete a file (from within a script), I will just delete it rather than checking if it exists first. So I do this: $ rm "temp.txt" 2>/dev/null Instead of this: [ -f "temp.txt" ] && rm "temp.txt" I just feel it's a waste of time to go and check if the file exists and return an exit code. So, perhaps it's quicker to do it the first way, especially if most of the time, the file is likely to be present. Are there any other advantages (or downsides) to do it one way or the other? Am I wrong to think it will ever be quicker?

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  • grep with after-context that does not contain a keyword

    - by ukasz
    I want to grep through logs, and gather a certain exception stacktrace but I want to only see those that do not contain certain keywords in --after-context. I do not know in which line in after-context the keyword is. Simple example - given this shell code: grep -A 2 A <<EOF A B C R A Z Z X EOF the output is: A B C -- A Z Z I'd like the output to be: A Z Z I want to exclude any match that has 'B' in after-context How do I do this? Using grep is not a requirement, though I only have access to coreutils and perl.

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  • Gitolite SSH URL Format

    - by KPthunder
    So I got gitolite set up. Simple. But there is one issue I am having. The SSH urls follow the format of git@host:repo. I'm used to Bitbucket / Github where the urls follow the format of git@host:user/repo. Is there a way to get the latter format using gitolite? Another question. I have my ~/.ssh/config file set up with the following entry: Host <host> User <user> IdentityFile <path/to/public/key> I don't have any configuration specifying git as a user, and yet I am able to clone git@host:repo without problem. Obviously, my ssh client is using my public key to access the server which is why gitolite is letting me clone the repo, but how does my ssh client know to use my public key which is only configured for the <user> user and not the git user?

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  • Why is process not being displayed by TOP

    - by drN
    I am running a Mathematica script (this question probably doesn't fit in Mathematica.SE however) and I know that it generally takes up a lot of RAM and loads up my cores. However, althought pgrep MathKernel is showing a pid, I find that top doesn't show this in the top processes, although I notice that it is taking up about 2.25GB of the 8GB available to me. pmap -x my_process_id total kB 2243132 1907404 1892108 AND ps aux | grep MathKernel dnaneet 20837 12.6 23.3 2234944 1907404 pts/1 Sl 09:23 8:01 /share/apps/mathematica/8.0.4/SystemFiles/Kernel/Binaries/Linux-x86-64/MathKernel -runfirst $TopDirectory="/share/apps/mathematica/8.0.4" -script ./dcm_10micrometer_2x -- ./dcm_10micrometer_2x ps aux shows that the process is taking about 12% (In asterisks) dnaneet 20601 0.0 0.0 68264 1660 pts/1 Ss 09:15 0:00 -bash **dnaneet 20837 12.2 23.3 2234944 1907404 pts/1 Sl 09:23 8:01 /share/apps/mat** dnaneet 21922 0.0 0.0 65604 948 pts/1 R+ 10:29 0:00 ps -aux Did this process fail and is the MathKernel just lingering?

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  • Fastest reliable way to open the terminal?

    - by meder
    I actually had my SUPER_L ( left windows key ) binded to gnome-terminal, but for whatever reason ever since upgrading to 9.04 Ubuntu from 8.10 Intrepid it seemed to break the key binding. It was very handy because I could throw open the terminal with one key ( sorry but alt-f2 and typing gnome-terminal isn't practical for me ). Or perhaps it reset all the keybindings? I remember using xev and some gui type interface that was akin to Win32 registry editor. Anyway, I'm curious as to what you guys use to open the terminal.

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  • How to get the summarized sizes of folders and their subfolders?

    - by Kau-Boy
    Let's say I want to get the size of each folder of a linux file system. When I use ls -la I don't really get the summarized size of the folders. If I use df I get the size of each mounted file system but that also doesn't help me. And with du I get the size of each subfolder and the summary of the whole file system. But I want to have only the summarized size of each folder within the ROOT folder of the file system. Is there any command to achiev that?

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