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• dead man's switch for remote networking interventions

  - by ascobol

  Hi, As I'm going to change the network configuration of a remote server, I was thinking of some security mechanisms to protect me from accidentally loosing control on the server. The level-0 protection I'm using is a scheduled system reboot: # at now+x minutes > reboot > ctrl+D where x is the delay before reboot. While this works relatevly well for very simple tasks like playing with iptables this method has at least two drawbacks: It's not very reactive, ie a connectivity problem should be detected automatically if for example an automatic remote ssh command fails does not work anymore for x seconds. It can obviously not work if one need to modify some configuration files and then reboot to test the changes. Are you guys using some tool for the second point ? I would love to have something able to revert the system configuration in a previously known stable state if I can't join the server X minutes after reboot. Thanks!

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• Good default for XDG_RUNTIME_DIR?

  - by cadrian

  The XDG Base Directory Specification is a very interesting spec for user directories. It also provides good default values, except for XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. Now I am writing a software that needs to create named pipes. It is a per-user client-server framework (there is a FIFO for the server and a FIFO per client). If XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not defined, I am currently using a per-user subdirectory in /tmp — but it does not ensure all the specified conditions (viz. the paragraph starting with "The lifetime of the directory MUST be bound to the user being logged in…") Is /tmp/myserver-$USER good enough? Edit I saw elsewhere a few suggestions: . is quite unsatisfactory (at least because it is not an absolute path). I also saw /var/run/user/$USER — not bad, but that directory does not exist (at least on my box running a Debian testing)

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• In Puppet, how would I secure a password variable (in this case a MySQL password)?

  - by Beaming Mel-Bin

  I am using Puppet to provision MySQL with a parameterised class: class mysql::server( $password ) { package { 'mysql-server': ensure => installed } package { 'mysql': ensure => installed } service { 'mysqld': enable => true, ensure => running, require => Package['mysql-server'], } exec { 'set-mysql-password': unless => "mysqladmin -uroot -p$password status", path => ['/bin', '/usr/bin'], command => "mysqladmin -uroot password $password", require => Service['mysqld'], } } How can I protect $password? Currently, I removed the default world readable permission from the node definition file and explicitly gave puppet read permission via ACL. I'm assuming others have come across a similar situation so perhaps there's a better practice.

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• Properly Hosting Multiple Sites on VDS

  - by Aristotle

  I'm going to be moving about 7-10 websites (5-8 with Databases - MySQL) onto our new Virtual Private Server. I'm curious what the best way to host many sites on a single server is though. Do I create a directory for each site immediately within my root directory, and then point the domain names for each site to http://123.123.123.123/siteDirectory - or is there a more appropriate way to do this? I'm very interested in maintining control over how many concurent connections each site can have at any given time - would I be able to do that on the directory-level, or am I required to limit the concurrent-connections to the VPS itself?

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• How to simply remove everything from a directory on Linux

  - by Tometzky

  How to simply remove everything from a current or specified directory on Linux? Several approaches: rm -fr * rm -fr dirname/* Does not work — it will leave hidden files — the one's that start with a dot, and files starting with a dash in current dir, and will not work with too many files rm -fr -- * rm -fr -- dirname/* Does not work — it will leave hidden files and will not work with too many files rm -fr -- * .* rm -fr -- dirname/* dirname/.* Don't try this — it will also remove a parent directory, because ".." also starts with a "." rm -fr * .??* rm -fr dirname/* dirname/.??* Does not work — it will leave files like ".a", ".b" etc., and will not work with too many files find -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -print0 | xargs -0 rm -fr find dirname -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -print0 | xargs -0 rm -fr As far as I know correct but not simple. find -delete find dirname -delete AFAIK correct for current directory, but used with specified directory will delete that directory also. find -mindepth 1 -delete find dirname -mindeph 1 -delete AFAIK correct, but is it the simplest way?

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• Best practice for Exchange 2010 HA topology considering 6 x Exchange licenses and TMG 2010

  - by MadBoy

  What would be best topology considering that: 6 x Exchange 2010 Standard Licenses 2 x Separate locations that are supposed to support redundancy in case of link problems 4 x Forefront TMG 2010 with Forefront Security and Forefront Protection/Security Multiple locations worldwide using those Exchange. Most locations will be connected with VPN Tunnel (the ones hosting Exchange for sure). I was thinking something like this: Location MAIN (about 70-100 people): 2x TMG 2010 in NLB 1x Exchange 2010 CAS/HUB Role 2x Exchange 2010 Mailbox Role (Active + Passive) Location SUPPORT (about 20 people): 2x TMG 2010 in NLB 1x Exchange 2010 CAS/HUB Role 2x Exchange 2010 Mailbox Role (Active + Passive) Management wants to make sure that in case of problems in main location (power failure, link loss etc) second location can support all traffic from around the world and vice-versa. We have 6-7 locations and more comming up (not big ones but like 10+ people per each location). I do know that CAS/HUB is single point of failure (and no NLB), but i simply lack more licenses to do some redundancy on that. What do you think about this approach? What would be better approach according to you?

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• Best practice for making code portable for domains, subdomains or directores

  - by Duopixel

  I recently coded something where it wasn't known if the end code would reside in a subdomain (http://user.domain.com/) or in a subdomain (http://domain.com/user), and I was lost as to the best practice for these unknown scenarios. I could thinks of a couple: Use absolute paths (/css/styles.css) and modrewrite if it ends up being /user Have a settings file and declare a variable with the path (<? php echo $domain . "/css/styles" ?>) Use relative paths (../css/styles.css). What is the best way to handle this?

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• Linux FHS: /srv vs /var ... where do I put stuff?

  - by wag2639

  My web development experience has started with Fedora and RHEL but I'm transitioning to Ubuntu. In Fedora/RHEL, the default seems to be using the /var folder while Ubuntu uses /srv. Is there any reason to use one over the other and where does the line split? (It confused me so much that until very recently, I thought /srv was /svr for server/service) My main concern deals with two types of folders default www and ftp directories specific application folders like: samba shares (possibly grouped under a smb folder) web applications (should these go in www folder, or do can I do a symlink to its own directory like "_/www/wordpress" - "/srv/wordpress") I'm looking for best practice, industry standards, and qualitative reasons for which approach is best (or at least why its favored).

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• Advantages / disadvantages of having DynDNS access on a computer vs the router

  - by Margaret

  I have a shiny new toy, a Cisco Wireless-N Gigabit Security Router with VPN (WRVS4400N). While looking through the instruction manual, I discovered that it had support for DynDNS built-in. We've currently got the DynDNS client running on one of the servers (that people SSH to, as documented in this question); but the reason for the router update is to move away from SSH to VPN. To that end, is there any difference in behaviour/functionality/maintainability to run it off the computer, as opposed to the router? Thus far, DynDNS has more or less a set-and-forget setup, but since the feature was there, I wanted to know if it was a better location for the process...

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• How to: mirror a staging server from a production server

  - by Zombies

  We want to mirror our current production app server (Oracle Application Server) onto our staging server. As it stands right now, various things are out of sync, and what may work in testing/QA can easily fail in production because of settings/patch/etc inconsistencies. I was thinking what would be best is to clone the entire disk daily and push it onto the staging server... Would this be the best method...? (note: these are all windows servers)

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• Strategy to allow emergency access to colocation crew

  - by itsadok

  I'm setting up a server at a new colocation center half way around the world. They installed the OS for me and sent me the root password, so there's obviously a great amount of trust in them. However, I'm pretty sure I don't want them to have my root password on a regular basis. And anyway, I intend to only allow key-based login. On some cases, though, it might be useful to let their technical support log in through a physical terminal. For example, if I somehow mess up the firewall settings. Should I even bother worrying about that? Should I set up a sudoer account with a one-time password that will change if I ever use it? Is there a common strategy for handling something like this?

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• Good, free, sticky note/post it application

  - by TheLearner

  Does anyone know of a good, free sticky note/post it application that I can download?

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• Looking for a good free image editor

  - by The Green Frog

  What is a free, downloadable, good image editor for a netbook while I am on the run through Europe?

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• What are some good Server Name Themes/Categories [duplicate]

  - by Arian

  This question already has an answer here: What are the most manageable and interesting server naming schemes being used? [closed] 17 answers I need to create a naming scheme for my servers, but I am having a hard time come by a good category list to go by. I want something with an abundance of names to use, so as I scale my server count I won't run out. Some that I have heard being used is greek philosophers (plato) planet names (saturn, mercury, venus, mars) Mario Characters (mario, luigi, yoshi, toad) I feel like the above categories are kind of limited. What are some good naming scheme that you use?

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• How do we keep Active Directory resilient across multiple sites?

  - by Alistair Bell

  I handle much of the IT for a company of around 100 people, spread across about five sites worldwide. We're using Active Directory for authentication, mostly served to Linux (CentOS 5) systems via LDAP. We've been suffering through a spate of events where the IP tunnel between the two major sites goes down and the secondary domain controller at one site can't contact the primary domain controller at the other. It seems that the secondary domain controller starts denying user authentication within minutes of losing connectivity to the primary. How do we make the secondary domain controller more resilient to downtime? Is there a way for it to cache the entire directory and/or at least keep enough information locally to survive a multi-hour disconnection? (We're all in a single organizational unit if that makes any difference.) (The servers here are Windows Server 2003; don't assume that we set this up correctly. I'm a software engineer, not an IT specialist.)

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• Are Plesk server backups useful?

  - by Michael T. Smith

  I'm working for a startup now, and I'm the programmer. Because of our small team size, I'm also handling the server management for now (until we get a dedicated server administrator.) I've never used Plesk before, and the server we're using (a Media Temple Dedicated Virtual server) had it installed when I got here. One of my first jobs was to set up backups: Plesk was already running it's nightly server-wide backups. I created a small script to dump the web app, it's DBs and any assets, tar them, store them, and then copy them to another small server we have (to backup the backups.) But, we're constantly running into hard drive space issues because of the Plesk backups. And I'm wondering, are they useful? If I have the web app and all of it's assets, I could easily enough get another server up and running. Do we need to keep running Plesk's backups? Thoughts?

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• Most suitable high availability solution

  - by Alex Bagnolini

  My company is hosting a website in a server with IIS, SQL Server and a 3rd party windows service (written in C#, source code available for amendments). We bought a new identical server, composed by: 1x Quad Core, 12GB RAM, 4x160GB SATA Raid 5, Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter, Public IP. We aim to put all webpages and the 3rd party windows service in an high-availability state. After some lab-testing on how to configure Failover Clustering and Hyper-V, we have deep doubts on what the "best" solution would be, by "best" meaning maintainable and able to correctly handle a physical server failure. Any suggestion on how we should configure the two servers? We don't need all the configuration's step, just an hint on the right direction to follow.

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• How to disable apache mods without any problems

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have an apache installation where every single mod is enabled. I want my server to be as light as possible so I want to disable everything i do now need. What is the best way to go about this. I know its just removing the ; before the line in the conf file. But what if some hidden service somewhere need that at some random point in time. Can i get some suggestion on what to do.

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• Monitoring remote laptops

  - by kaerast

  We're looking for something to monitor around 30 remote laptops that are constantly out on the road, never returning to base except for when there are serious hardware faults that need repairing. These laptops won't always be connected to the internet, they'll have mobile broadband and may work offline most of the time. They will be running a mixture of Windows XP, Vista and 7 and there is currently no server setup. We're primarily interested in making sure that Windows Updates and antivirus updates are happening, and I guess we should also be monitoring remaining disk space, what software is installed and ideally hardware health. It might also be nice if we could gain remote access to perform work on them. My main reason for wanting to monitor them is that it's going to be a real pain to get them back to base if anything goes wrong, so I want to be proactive in ensuring they last as long as possible. Can you recommend what I should be monitoring to ensure a long life? What tools would you use to monitor and maintain these computers?

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• SQL Server 2008 Optimization

  - by hgulyan

  I've learned today, if you append to your query OPTION (MAXDOP 0) your query will run on multiple processors and if it's huge query, query will perform faster. I know general guidelines on query optimizations (using indexes, selecting only needed fields etc.), my question is about SQL Server optimization. Maybe changing some options in configurations or anything else. What guidelines are there for SQL Server Optimization? Thank you. P.S. I suppose, this is not the right place to ask server related questions. Should I delete it or maybe it can be migrated to serverfault?

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• Is the sysadmin/netadmin the defacto project planner at your organization?

  - by user31459

  At my company it has somehow over the past few years slowly become my job to come up with a project plan, milestones and time lines for deployment of developer applications. Typical scenario: My team receives a request for a new website/db combo and date for deployment. I send back a questionnaire for the developer to fill out on all the reqs for the site (ssl? db? growth projections etc.) After I get back all the information, the head of development wants a well developed document of what servers will it live on why those servers what is the time line for creating the resources step-by-step SOP for getting the application on the server and all related resources created (dns, firewall, load balancer etc.) I maybe just whining but it feels like this is something better suited to our Project Management staff (which we have) or to the developer. I understand that I need to give them a time-line on creating the resources, but still feel like this is overkill. We already produce documentation on where everything lives and track configuration changes to equipment. How do other sysadmin folks handle this?

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• Good Documentation on Avaya IP Office 500 r2 setup

  - by Cliff Racer

  I have set up a couple of Avaya IP Office systems over the course of my current job. I have a pretty good handle on the process, but now I am faced with something I have not done before. Both the IP office systems I have set up used all Digital phones. The new system we are putting in place will actually use IP phones for the first time. After tyring to track down some general documentation on my own, I was not able to find anything that left me feeling comfortable about setting up IP phones on an Avaya IP Office 500. Does anyone know of any good how-To's for setting up IP phones on IP Office? I get the impression its pretty simple but learend enough about Avaya to know that there are some tricky aspects to setting them up

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• re: 3ware raid 10 (4drive) suggested stripe size suggestions?

  - by dasko

  looked around on the site but nothing really concrete on my question. i will have about 120GB of data total, files are made up of 5MB files, excel, word and about 25 .pst files that are about 1.2GB each. Yes they use .pst over network, even though it is not recommended this is legacy setup without issue so we will continue to support this for another year or so. I need to know what you think about a stripe size of 256kb for the raid 10 based on the above requirements. I did try and bench with these settings and it seems alright without any real issue, just trying to rule out anything i might of missed. thanks.

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• Bad idea to keep htop running?

  - by Michael T. Smith

  I'm now monitoring multiple servers (3) and in the coming weeks that'll increase (towards 5 or 6). I've been keeping three terminal windows open running htop via SSH and I'm now wondering if there are any downsides to having a connection constantly open to production servers?

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• Any good software to help me memorize passwords?

  - by Septagram

  I'm using KeePass(X) and other tools to keep most of my passwords. However, it turns out, there is still about half a dozen passwords I'm using on regular basis that I would prefer to just remember. So, do you people know of any good programs, preferably open-source, to train yourself using a particular password and thus to memorize it? I know I can remember a 96-bit entropy password rather well if I practice entering it 3 days, 5 minutes for each day, I just want a good software to simplify the process and exclude the possibility of shouldering or otherwise leaking the password.

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