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  • Ruby on Rails: how to get error messages from a child resource displayed?

    - by randombits
    I'm having a difficult time understanding how to get Rails to show explicitly the error messages that a child resource is failing on when I render an XML template. Hypothetically, I have the following classes: class School < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :students validates_associated :students end class Student < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :school validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i, :message => "You must supply a valid email" end Now, in the controller, let's say we want to build a trivial API to allow us to add a new School with a student in it (again, I said, it's a terrible example, but plays its role for the purpose of the question) class SchoolsController < ApplicationController def create @school = School.new @student = school.students.build @student.email = "bad@email" respond_to do |format| if @school.save # some code else format.xml { render :xml => @school.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity } end end end end Now the validation is working just fine, things die because the email doesn't match the regex that's set in the validates_format_of method in the Student class. However the output I get is the following: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <errors> <error>Students is invalid</error> </errors> I want the more meaningful error message that I set above with validates_format_of to show up. Meaning, I want it to say: <error>You must supply a valid email</error> What am I doing wrong for that not to show up?

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  • use of assertions for type checking in php?

    - by user151841
    I do some checking of arguments in my classes in php using exception-throwing functions. I have functions that do a basic check ( ===, in_array etc ) and throw an exception on false. So I can do assertNumeric($argument, "\$argument is not numeric."); instead of if ( ! is_numeric($argument) ) { throw new Exception("\$argument is not numeric."); } Saves some typing I was reading in the comments of the php manual page on assert() that As noted on Wikipedia - "assertions are primarily a development tool, they are often disabled when a program is released to the public." and "Assertions should be used to document logically impossible situations and discover programming errors— if the 'impossible' occurs, then something fundamental is clearly wrong. This is distinct from error handling: most error conditions are possible, although some may be extremely unlikely to occur in practice. Using assertions as a general-purpose error handling mechanism is usually unwise: assertions do not allow for graceful recovery from errors, and an assertion failure will often halt the program's execution abruptly. Assertions also do not display a user-friendly error message." This means that the advice given by "gk at proliberty dot com" to force assertions to be enabled, even when they have been disabled manually, goes against best practices of only using them as a development tool So, am I 'doing it wrong'? What other/better ways of doing this are there?

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  • How to include a child object's child object in Entity Framework 5

    - by Brendan Vogt
    I am using Entity Framework 5 code first and ASP.NET MVC 3. I am struggling to get a child object's child object to populate. Below are my classes.. Application class; public class Application { // Partial list of properties public virtual ICollection<Child> Children { get; set; } } Child class: public class Child { // Partial list of properties public int ChildRelationshipTypeId { get; set; } public virtual ChildRelationshipType ChildRelationshipType { get; set; } } ChildRelationshipType class: public class ChildRelationshipType { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } Part of GetAll method in the repository to return all the applications: return DatabaseContext.Applications .Include("Children"); The Child class contains a reference to the ChildRelationshipType class. To work with an application's children I would have something like this: foreach (Child child in application.Children) { string childName = child.ChildRelationshipType.Name; } I get an error here that the object context is already closed. How do I specify that each child object must include the ChildRelationshipType object like what I did above?

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  • What's a good way of building up a String where you specific start and end locations?

    - by Michael Campbell
    (java 1.5) I have a need to build up a String, in pieces. I'm given a set of (sub)strings, each with a start and end point of where they belong in the final string. Was wondering if there were some canonical way of doing this. This isn't homework, and I can use any licensable OSS, such as jakarta commons-lang StringUtils etc. My company has a solution using a CharBuffer, and I'm content to leave it as is (and add some unit tests, of which there are none (?!)) but the code is fairly hideous and I would like something easier to read. As I said this isn't homework, and I don't need a complete solution, just some pointers to libraries or java classes that might give me some insight. The String.Format didn't seem QUITE right... I would have to honor inputs too long and too short, etc. Substrings would be overlaid in the order they appear (in case of overlap). As an example of input, I might have something like: String:start:end FO:0:3 (string shorter than field) BAR:4:5 (String larger than field) BLEH:5:9 (String overlays previous field) I'd want to end up with FO BBLEH 01234567890

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  • Spring.net is not injecting chained base class properties!

    - by JohnIdol
    I am successfully injecting base class properties with spring.net with just a class that inherits from a base abstract class. Lets say Class MyClass : MyBase, and I am successfully setting a property like this: <object id="myInstantiableClass" type="myAssembly.MyClass myAssenbly" abstract="true"> <property name="MyBaseClassProperty" ref="anotherObjRef"></property> </object> Where MyBaseClassProperty is a property on the base class. Now I have another abstract class between the old base class and the instantiable class, and I am trying to set properties on both the abstract classes. So MyClass : MyNewBaseClass, and MyNewBaseClass : MyBaseClass. I have an additional property on the new base class (MyNewBaseClassProperty) and I am trying to inject it like this: <object id="myInstantiableClass" type="myAssembly.MyClass myAssenbly" abstract="true"> <property name="MyBaseClassProperty" ref="anotherObjRef"></property> <property name="MyNewBaseClassProperty" ref="someOtherObjRef"></property> </object> The property on the old base class is being injected but the one on the new one is not - and I am not getting an error or anything (so I am pretty sure my config is good), that property is just null! Any help appreciated! P.S. I am on asp.net (not MVC) but I don't think it's related.

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  • Java 7u4 webstart security exception: Class does not match trust level

    - by Glstunna
    We began to notice that with Java 7 (particularly with update 4), that all our users began to see this with our Webstart app: [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) java.lang.SecurityException: class "CLASSNAME" does not match trust level of other classes in the same package [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at com.sun.deploy.security.CPCallbackHandler$ChildElement.checkResource(Unknown Source) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at com.sun.deploy.security.DeployURLClassPath$JarLoader.checkResource(Unknown Source) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at com.sun.deploy.security.DeployURLClassPath$JarLoader.getResource(Unknown Source) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at com.sun.deploy.security.DeployURLClassPath.getResource(Unknown Source) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at com.sun.jnlp.JNLPClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) [14:42:58,422] AWT-EventQueue-0(DEBUG) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)...More Where CLASSNAME = pretty much every class at random points from several jars in the app execution, breaking several behavior. If our users were to use Java 6, they have no problems! Just 7 (update 4). We sign ALL our jars, both the main application jar and it's library jars. i.e Users launching our webstart app see the blue shield instead of yellow or red. This is obviously an issue as users are more frequently now upgrading to Java 7. I have tried to force our app to use Java 6 on the user machine either by using a previous installation(works), or installing a new one....with the j2se version="1.6" tag around resources but this causes it's own problems that would probably be best to make into it's own thread (the auto-jre-installation part). Did Oracle break Webstart security with Java 7u4? How do I solve this securityexception issue?

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  • How do I use Linq-to-sql to iterate db records?

    - by Seth Spearman
    I asked on SO a few days ago what was the simplest quickest way to build a wrapper around a recently completed database. I took the advice and used sqlmetal to build linq classes around my database design. Now I am having two problems. One, I don't know LINQ. And, two, I have been shocked to realize how hard it is to learn. I have a book on LINQ (Linq In Action by Manning) and it has helped some but at the end of the day it is going to take me a couple of weeks to get traction and I need to make some progress on my project today. So, I am looking for some help getting started. Click HERE To see my simple database schema. Click HERE to see the vb class that was generated for the schema. My needs are simple. I have a console app. The main table is the SupplyModel table. Most of the other tables are child tables of the SupplyModel table. I want to iterate through each of Supply Model records. I want to grab the data for a supply model and then DoStuff with the data. And I also need to iterate through the child records, for each supply model, for example the NumberedInventories and DoStuff with that as well. I need help doing this in VB rather than C# if possible. I am not looking for the whole solution...if you can supply a couple of code-snippets to get me on my way that would be great. Thanks for your help. Seth

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  • Python Locking Implementation (with threading module)

    - by Matty
    This is probably a rudimentary question, but I'm new to threaded programming in Python and am not entirely sure what the correct practice is. Should I be creating a single lock object (either globally or being passed around) and using that everywhere that I need to do locking? Or, should I be creating multiple lock instances in each of the classes where I will be employing them. Take these 2 rudimentary code samples, which direction is best to go? The main difference being that a single lock instance is used in both class A and B in the second, while multiple instances are used in the first. Sample 1 class A(): def __init__(self, theList): self.theList = theList self.lock = threading.Lock() def poll(self): while True: # do some stuff that eventually needs to work with theList self.lock.acquire() try: self.theList.append(something) finally: self.lock.release() class B(threading.Thread): def __init__(self,theList): self.theList = theList self.lock = threading.Lock() self.start() def run(self): while True: # do some stuff that eventually needs to work with theList self.lock.acquire() try: self.theList.remove(something) finally: self.lock.release() if __name__ == "__main__": aList = [] for x in range(10): B(aList) A(aList).poll() Sample 2 class A(): def __init__(self, theList,lock): self.theList = theList self.lock = lock def poll(self): while True: # do some stuff that eventually needs to work with theList self.lock.acquire() try: self.theList.append(something) finally: self.lock.release() class B(threading.Thread): def __init__(self,theList,lock): self.theList = theList self.lock = lock self.start() def run(self): while True: # do some stuff that eventually needs to work with theList self.lock.acquire() try: self.theList.remove(something) finally: self.lock.release() if __name__ == "__main__": lock = threading.Lock() aList = [] for x in range(10): B(aList,lock) A(aList,lock).poll()

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  • AS3: Array of objects parsed from XML remains with zero length

    - by Joel Alejandro
    I'm trying to parse an XML file and create an object array from its data. The data is converted to MediaAlbum classes (class of my own). The XML is parsed correctly and the object is loaded, but when I instantiate it, the Albums array is of zero length, even when the data is loaded correctly. I don't really know what the problem could be... any hints? import Nem.Media.*; var mg:MediaGallery = new MediaGallery("test.xml"); trace(mg.Albums.length); MediaGallery class: package Nem.Media { import flash.net.URLRequest; import flash.net.URLLoader; import flash.events.*; public class MediaGallery { private var jsonGalleryData:Object; public var Albums:Array = new Array(); public function MediaGallery(xmlSource:String) { var loader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(); loader.load(new URLRequest(xmlSource)); loader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, loadGalleries); } public function loadGalleries(e:Event):void { var xmlData:XML = new XML(e.target.data); var album; for each (album in xmlData.albums) { Albums.push(new MediaAlbum(album.attribute("name"), album.photos)); } } } } XML test source: <gallery <albums <album name="Fútbol 9" <photos <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto1.jpg" / <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto2.jpg" / <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto3.jpg" / </photos </album <album name="Fútbol 8" <photos <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto4.jpg" / <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto5.jpg" / <photo width="600" height="400" filename="foto6.jpg" / </photos </album </albums </gallery

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  • Silverlight 4 seems like starving of memory

    - by Marco
    I have been playing a bit with Silverlight and try to port my Silverlight 3.0 application to Silverlight 4.0. My application loads different XAP files and upon a user request create an instance of a Xaml user control and adds it to the main container, in a sort of MEF approach in order I can have an extensible and pluggable application. The application is pretty huge and to keep acceptable the performances and the initial loading I have built up some helper classes to load in the background all pages and user controls that might be used later on. On Silverlight 3.0 everything was running smoothly without any problem so far. Switching to SL 4.0 I have noticed that when the process approaches to create the instances of the user controls the layout freezes unexpectedly for a minute and sometimes for more. Looking at the task manager the memory usage of IE jumps from 50MB to 400MB and sometimes up to 1.5 GB. If the process won't take that much the layout is rendered properly even though the memory usage is still extremely high. Otherwise everything crashes due to out of memory exception. Running the same application compiled in SL3, the memory used is about 200MB when all the usercontrols are loaded. Time spent to load the application in SL3 is about 10 seconds, while it takes up to 3 mins in SL4 There are no transparencies, no opacities set, no effects and animations in the layout. User controls are instantied on the fly and added or removed in the visual tree on purpose when the user switches from one screen to another. The resources are all cleaned properly when a usercontrol is removed from the visual tree to allow the GC to operate in the background. I may do something wrong but I could not figure out where exactly nail out the source of this problem. As far as I know there is no memory profiler in SL4 that can help me out to find where to look at. But again I could not be updated on new debugging tools available.

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  • PHP5 : Applying a method from an extended class on an object from the original (parent) class.

    - by Glauber Rocha
    Hello, I'm trying to extend two native PHP5 classes (DOMDocument and DOMNode) to implement 2 methods (selectNodes and selectSingleNode) in order to make XPath queries easier. I thought it would be rather straighforward, but I'm stuck in a problem which I think is an OOP beginner's issue. class nDOMDocument extends DOMDocument { public function selectNodes($xpath){ $oxpath = new DOMXPath($this); return $oxpath->query($xpath); } public function selectSingleNode($xpath){ return $this->selectNodes($xpath)->item(0); } } Then I tried to do extend DOMNode to implement the same methods so I can perform an XPath query directly on a node: class nDOMNode extends DOMNode { public function selectNodes($xpath){ $oxpath = new DOMXPath($this->ownerDocument,$this); return $oxpath->query($xpath); } public function selectSingleNode($xpath){ return $this->selectNodes($xpath)->item(0); } } Now if I execute the following code (on an arbitrary XMLDocument): $xmlDoc = new nDOMDocument; $xmlDoc->loadXML(...some XML...); $node1 = $xmlDoc->selectSingleNode("//item[@id=2]"); $node2 = $node1->selectSingleNode("firstname"); The third line works and returns a DOMNode object $node1. However, the fourth line doesn't work because the selectSingleNode method belongs to the nDOMNode class, not DOMNode. So my question: is there a way at some point to "transform" the returned DOMNode object into a nDOMNode object? I feel I'm missing some essential point here and I'd greatly appreciate your help. (Sorry, this is a restatement of my question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2573820/)

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  • Problem calling Java from PHP script

    - by Jack
    I am working on windows. I am running PHP (5.1.3) scripts on Tomcat using PHP/Java bridge. Here is my simple code //test.php <?php require_once("java\Java.inc"); $systemInfo = new Java("Test"); print $systemInfo->foo(); ?> Test.class is in the same folder as test.php. But the php file is not able to locate the test class and I get the following error - Fatal error: Uncaught [[o:Exception]:"java.lang.Exception: CreateInstance failed: new Test. If I use a standard class like below. It works - <?php require_once("java\Java.inc"); $systemInfo = new Java("java.lang.System"); print "Total seconds since January 1, 1970: ".$systemInfo->currentTimeMillis(); ?> What should I do? 1)Should I copy my class to the standard location where all Java classes are kept. (What is this location?) 2) Do some changes in the php.ini file

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  • Instantiate type variable in Haskell

    - by danportin
    EDIT: Solved. I was unware that enabling a language extension in the source file did not enable the language extension in GHCi. The solution was to :set FlexibleContexts in GHCi. I recently discovered that type declarations in classes and instances in Haskell are Horn clauses. So I encoded the arithmetic operations from The Art of Prolog, Chapter 3, into Haskell. For instance: fac(0,s(0)). fac(s(N),F) :- fac(N,X), mult(s(N),X,F). class Fac x y | x -> y instance Fac Z (S Z) instance (Fac n x, Mult (S n) x f) => Fac (S n) f pow(s(X),0,0) :- nat(X). pow(0,s(X),s(0)) :- nat(X). pow(s(N),X,Y) :- pow(N,X,Z), mult(Z,X,Y). class Pow x y z | x y -> z instance (N n) => Pow (S n) Z Z instance (N n) => Pow Z (S n) (S Z) instance (Pow n x z, Mult z x y) => Pow (S n) x y In Prolog, values are insantiated for (logic) variable in a proof. However, I don't understand how to instantiate type variables in Haskell. That is, I don't understand what the Haskell equivalent of a Prolog query ?-f(X1,X2,...,Xn) is. I assume that :t undefined :: (f x1 x2 ... xn) => xi would cause Haskell to instantiate xi, but this gives a Non type-variable argument in the constraint error, even with FlexibleContexts enabled.

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  • Optimizing PHP require_once's for low disk i/o?

    - by buggedcom
    Q1) I'm designing a CMS (-who isn't!) but priority is being given to caching. Literally everything is cached. DB rows, DB id queries, Configuration data, processed data, compiled templates. Currently it has two layers of caching. The first is a opcode cache or memory cache such as apc, eaccelerator, xcache or memcached. If an entry is not found in there it is then searched for in the secondary slow cache, ie php includes. Are the opcode caches actually faster than doing a require_once to a php file with a var_export'd array of data in it? My tests are inconclusive as my development box (5.3 of XAMPP) keeps throwing errors installing any of the aforementioned programs. Q2) The CMS has numerous helper classes that are autoloaded on demand instead of loading all files. Mostly each has a require before it so no autoloading needs to take place, however this is not the question. Because a page script can have up to 50/60 helper files included I have a feeling that if the site was under pressure it would buckle because of all the i/o that this incurs. Ignore for the moment that there is output cache in place that would remove the need for what I am about to suggest, and also that opcode caches would render this moot. What I have tried to do is join all the helper files required for the scripts execution in one single file. This is achievable and works well, however it has a side effect of greatly increasing the memory usage dramatically even though technically the same code is being used. What are your thoughts and opinions on this?

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  • using Autofac in a multi-layered architecture

    - by Kamyar
    I'm fairly new to the DI/IoC concept and would like to use Autofac in a 3-layered ASP.NET Webforms application. UI layer: An ASP.NET webforms website. BLL: Business logic layer which calls the repositories on DAL. DAL: .EDMX file (Entity Model) and ObjectContext with Repository classes which abstract the CRUD operations for each entity. Entities: The POCO Entities. Persistence Ignorant. Generated by Microsoft's ADO.Net POCO Entity Generator. I have asked a more general question here. Basically, I'd like to create an obejctcontext per HttpContext in my DAL. But i don't want to add a reference to DAL in UI or access to HttpContext in DAL directly. I guess this is where IoC tools come to play. The answer to my previous question is a very good example of using Windsor Castle. I'd like to use Autofac as my IoC tool and Don't know how to achieve this. (How to access DAL in application_start to register the component while I don't want to reference it in my UI, what are the proper references to be able to use DAL component in BLL with Autofac, Should I register BLL as a component with Autofac too) Sorry folks for not providing an explicit question and requesting a kind of working example, But I'm very unfamiliar to the whole IoC concept and I don't think I can achieve it to use in my current time-limited project.

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  • Google App Engine ClassNotPersistenceCapableException

    - by Frank
    I have the following class : import javax.jdo.annotations.IdGeneratorStrategy; import javax.jdo.annotations.IdentityType; import javax.jdo.annotations.PersistenceCapable; import javax.jdo.annotations.Persistent; import javax.jdo.annotations.PrimaryKey; import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.*; @PersistenceCapable(identityType=IdentityType.APPLICATION) public class PayPal_Message { @PrimaryKey @Persistent(valueStrategy=IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY) private Long id; @Persistent private Text content; @Persistent private String time; public PayPal_Message(Text content,String time) { this.content=content; this.time=time; } public Long getId() { return id; } public Text getContent() { return content; } public String getTime() { return time; } public void setContent(Text content) { this.content=content; } public void setTime(String time) { this.time=time; } } It used to be in a package, and works fine, now I put all classes in the default package, which caused me this error : org.datanucleus.jdo.exceptions.ClassNotPersistenceCapableException: The class "The class "PayPal_Message" is not persistable. This means that it either hasnt been enhanced, or that the enhanced version of the file is not in the CLASSPATH (or is hidden by an unenhanced version), or the Meta-Data/annotations for the class are not found." is not persistable. This means that it either hasnt been enhanced, or that the enhanced version of the file is not in the CLASSPATH (or is hidden by an unenhanced version), or the Meta-Data for the class is not found. NestedThrowables: org.datanucleus.exceptions.ClassNotPersistableException: The class "PayPal_Message" is not persistable. This means that it either hasnt been enhanced, or that the enhanced version of the file is not in the CLASSPATH (or is hidden by an unenhanced version), or the Meta-Data/annotations for the class are not found. What should I do to fix it ?

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  • ASP.MVC 2 RTM + ModelState Error at Id property

    - by Zote
    I have this classes: public class GroupMetadata { [HiddenInput(DisplayValue = false)] public int Id { get; set; } [Required] public string Name { get; set; } } [MetadataType(typeof(GrupoMetadata))] public partial class Group { public virtual int Id { get; set; } public virtual string Name { get; set; } } And this action: [HttpPost] public ActionResult Edit(Group group) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { // Logic to save return RedirectToAction("Index"); } return View(group); } That's my view: <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<Group>" %> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%> <fieldset> <%= Html.EditorForModel() %> <p> <input type="submit" value="Save" /> </p> </fieldset> <% } %> <div> <%=Html.ActionLink("Back", "Index") %> </div> </asp:Content> But ModelState is always invalid! As I can see, for MVC validation 0 is invalid, but for me is valid. How can I fix it since, I didn't put any kind of validation in Id property? UPDATE: I don't know how or why, but renaming Id, in my case to PK, solves this problem. Do you know if this an issue in my logic/configuration or is an bug or expected behavior? Thank you

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  • Partial template specialization on a class

    - by Jonathan Swinney
    I'm looking for a better way to this. I have a chunk of code that needs to handle several different objects that contain different types. The structure that I have looks like this: class Base { // some generic methods } template <typename T> class TypedBase : public Base { // common code with template specialization private: std::map<int,T> mapContainingSomeDataOfTypeT; } template <> class TypedBase<std::string> : public Base { // common code with template specialization public: void set( std::string ); // functions not needed for other types std::string get(); private: std::map<int,std::string> mapContainingSomeDataOfTypeT; // some data not needed for other types } Now I need to add some additional functionality that only applies to one of the derivative classes. Specifically the std::string derivation, but the type doesn't actually matter. The class is big enough that I would prefer not copy the whole thing simply to specialize a small part of it. I need to add a couple of functions (and accessor and modifier) and modify the body of several of the other functions. Is there a better way to accomplish this?

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  • jitter if multiple outliers in ggplot2 boxplot

    - by Andreas
    I am trying to find a suitable display to illustrate various properties within and across school classes. For each class there is only 15-30 data points (pupils). Right now i am leaning towards a whisker-less boxplot, showing only 1.,2. and 3. quartile + datapoints more then e.g. 1 population SD +/- the sample median. This I can do. However - I need to show this graph to some teachers, in order to gauge what they like most. I'd like to compare my graph with a normal boxplot. But the normal boxplot looks the same if there is only one outlier, or e.g. 5 outliers at the same value. In this case this would be a deal-breaker. e.g. test <-structure(list(value = c(3, 5, 3, 3, 6, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 6, 4, 4, 6, 5, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 4, 3, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 6, 6, 7, 6, 9), places = structure(c(1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L), .Label = c("a", "b"), class = "factor")), .Names = c("value", "places"), row.names = c(NA, -60L), class = "data.frame") ggplot(test, aes(x=places,y=value))+geom_boxplot() Here there are two outliers at ("a",9) - but only one "dot" shown. So my question: How to jitter the outliers. And - what kind of display would you suggest for this kind of data?

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  • Abstract Methods in "Product" - Factory Method C#

    - by Regina Foo
    I have a simple class library (COM+ service) written in C# to consume 5 web services: Add, Minus, Divide, Multiply and Compare. I've created the abstract product and abstract factory classes. The abstract product named WS's code: public abstract class WS { public abstract double Calculate(double a, double b); public abstract string Compare(double a, double b); } As you see, when one of the subclasses inherits WS, both methods must be overridden which might not be useful in some subclasses. E.g. Compare doesn't need Calculate() method. To instantiate a new CompareWS object, the client class will call the CreateWS() method which returns a WS object type. public class CompareWSFactory : WSFactory { public override WS CreateWS() { return new CompareWS(); } } But if Compare() is not defined as abstract in WS, the Compare() method cannot be invoked. This is only an example with two methods, but what if there are more methods? Is it stupid to define all the methods as abstract in the WS class? My question is: I want to define abstract methods that are common to all subclasses of WS whereas when the factory creates a WS object type, all the methods of the subclasses can be invoked (overridden methods of WS and also the methods in subclasses). How should I do this?

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  • Q on Python serialization/deserialization

    - by neil
    What chances do I have to instantiate, keep and serialize/deserialize to/from binary data Python classes reflecting this pattern (adopted from RFC 2246 [TLS]): enum { apple, orange } VariantTag; struct { uint16 number; opaque string<0..10>; /* variable length */ } V1; struct { uint32 number; opaque string[10]; /* fixed length */ } V2; struct { select (VariantTag) { /* value of selector is implicit */ case apple: V1; /* VariantBody, tag = apple */ case orange: V2; /* VariantBody, tag = orange */ } variant_body; /* optional label on variant */ } VariantRecord; Basically I would have to define a (variant) class VariantRecord, which varies depending on the value of VariantTag. That's not that difficult. The challenge is to find a most generic way to build a class, which serializes/deserializes to and from a byte stream... Pickle, Google protocol buffer, marshal is all not an option. I made little success with having an explicit "def serialize" in my class, but I'm not very happy with it, because it's not generic enough. I hope I could express the problem. My current solution in case VariantTag = apple would look like this, but I don't like it too much import binascii import struct class VariantRecord(object): def __init__(self, number, opaque): self.number = number self.opaque = opaque def serialize(self): out = struct.pack('>HB%ds' % len(self.opaque), self.number, len(self.opaque), self.opaque) return out v = VariantRecord(10, 'Hello') print binascii.hexlify(v.serialize()) >> 000a0548656c6c6f Regards

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  • How to force c# binary int division to return a double?

    - by Wayne
    How to force double x = 3 / 2; to return 1.5 in x without the D suffix or casting? Is there any kind of operator overload that can be done? Or some compiler option? Amazingly, it's not so simple to add the casting or suffix for the following reason: Business users need to write and debug their own formulas. Presently C# is getting used like a DSL (domain specific language) in that these users aren't computer science engineers. So all they know is how to edit and create a few types of classes to hold their "business rules" which are generally just math formulas. But they always assume that double x = 3 / 2; will return x = 1.5 however in C# that returns 1. A. they always forget this, waste time debugging, call me for support and we fix it. B. they think it's very ugly and hurts the readability of their business rules. As you know, DSL's need to be more like natural language. Yes. We are planning to move to Boo and build a DSL based on it but that's down the road. Is there a simple solution to make double x = 3 / 2; return 1.5 by something external to the class so it's invisible to the users? Thanks! Wayne

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  • How to force c# binary int division to return a double?

    - by Wayne
    How to force double x = 3 / 2; to return 1.5 in x without the D suffix or casting? Is there any kind of operator overload that can be done? Or some compiler option? Amazingly, it's not so simple to add the casting or suffix for the following reason: Business users need to write and debug their own formulas. Presently C# is getting used like a DSL (domain specific language) in that these users aren't computer science engineers. So all they know is how to edit and create a few types of classes to hold their "business rules" which are generally just math formulas. But they always assume that double x = 3 / 2; will return x = 1.5 however in C# that returns 1. A. they always forget this, waste time debugging, call me for support and we fix it. B. they think it's very ugly and hurts the readability of their business rules. As you know, DSL's need to be more like natural language. Yes. We are planning to move to Boo and build a DSL based on it but that's down the road. Is there a simple solution to make double x = 3 / 2; return 1.5 by something external to the class so it's invisible to the users? Thanks! Wayne

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  • How can I load a Class contained in a website from a DLL referenced by that website???

    - by Morgeh
    Ok so this is alittle bit obscure and I'm not sure its the best way of doing what I'm trying to do but here goes. Basically I have a Presentation Layer Dll in my web site which handles the Model View Presenter classes. The presentation layer also handles login for my website and then calls off to a web service. Currently whenever the presentation layer calls to a model it verifies the users details and if they are invalid it calls to a loginHandler which redirects the user to the login page. However I cannot dynamically load a new istance of the Login Page in my website from within my Presentation layer. I've tried to use reflection to dynamically load the class but Since the method call is in the presentation assembly it is only looking within that assembly while the page I want to load is in the website. heres the reflection code that loads the View: public ILoginView LoadView() { string viewName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["LoginView"].ToString(); Type type = Type.GetType(viewName, true); object newInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(type); return newInstance as ILoginView; } Anyone got any suggestions on how to search within the website assembly? Ideal I don't want to tie this implementation into the website specifically as the presentation layer is also used in a WPF application.

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  • wxPython, Threads, and PostEvent between modules

    - by Sam Starling
    I'm relatively new to wxPython (but not Python itself), so forgive me if I've missed something here. I'm writing a GUI application, which at a very basic level consists of "Start" and "Stop" buttons that start and stop a thread. This thread is an infinite loop, which only ends when the thread is stopped. The loop generates messages, which at the moment are just output using print. The GUI class and the infinite loop (using threading.Thread as a subclass) are held in separate files. What is the best way to get the thread to push an update to something like a TextCtrl in the GUI? I've been playing around with PostEvent and Queue, but without much luck. Here's some bare bones code, with portions removed to keep it concise: main_frame.py import wx from loop import Loop class MainFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, title): # Initialise and show GUI # Add two buttons, btnStart and btnStop # Bind the two buttons to the following two methods self.threads = [] def onStart(self): x = Loop() x.start() self.threads.append(x) def onStop(self): for t in self.threads: t.stop() loop.py class Loop(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): self._stop = threading.Event() def run(self): while not self._stop.isSet(): print datetime.date.today() def stop(self): self._stop.set() I did, at one point, have it working by having the classes in the same file by using wx.lib.newevent.NewEvent() along these lines. If anyone could point me in the right direction, that'd be much appreciated.

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