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• OO vs Simplicity when it comes to user interaction

  - by Oetzi

  Firstly, sorry if this question is rather vague but it's something I'd really like an answer to. As a project over summer while I have some downtime from Uni I am going to build a monopoly game. This question is more about the general idea of the problem however, rather than the specific task I'm trying to carry out. I decided to build this with a bottom up approach, creating just movement around a forty space board and then moving on to interaction with spaces. I realised that I was quite unsure of the best way of proceeding with this and I am torn between two design ideas: Giving every space its own object, all sub-classes of a Space object so the interaction can be defined by the space object itself. I could do this by implementing different land() methods for each type of space. Only giving the Properties and Utilities (as each property has unique features) objects and creating methods for dealing with the buying/renting etc in the main class of the program (or Board as I'm calling it). Spaces like go and super tax could be implemented by a small set of conditionals checking to see if player is on a special space. Option 1 is obviously the OO (and I feel the correct) way of doing things but I'd like to only have to handle user interaction from the programs main class. In other words, I don't want the space objects to be interacting with the player. Why? Errr. A lot of the coding I've done thus far has had this simplicity but I'm not sure if this is a pipe dream or not for larger projects. Should I really be handling user interaction in an entirely separate class? As you can see I am quite confused about this situation. Is there some way round this? And, does anyone have any advice on practical OO design that could help in general?

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• Saving Abstract and Sub classes to database

  - by bretddog

  Hi, I have an abstract class "StrategyBase", and a set of sub classes, StrategyA/B/C etc. The sub classes use some of the properties of the base class, and have some individual properties. My question is how to save this to a database. I'm currently using SqlCE, and Linq-To-Sql by creating entity classes automatically with SqlMetal.exe. I've seen there are three solutions shown in this question, but I'm not able to see how these solutions will work or not with SqlMetal/entity classes. Though it seems to me the "concrete table inheritance" would probably work without any manual modifying. What about the other two, would they be problematic? For "Single Table Inheritance" wouldn't all classes get all variables, even though they don't need them? And for the "Class table inheritance" solution I can't really see at all how that will map into the entity-classes for a useful purpose. I may note that I extend these partial entity classes for making the classes of my business objects. I may also consider moving to EntityFramework instead of SqlMetal/Linq2Sql, so would be nice also to know if that makes any difference to what schema is easy to implement. One likely important thing to note is that I will constantly be develop new strategies, which makes me have to modify the program code, and probably the database shcema; when adding a new strategy. Sorry the question is a bit "all over the place", but hopefully it's some clear advantages/disadvantages here that you may be able to advice. ? Cheers!

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• Is this a good or bad way to use constructor chaining? (... to allow for testing).

  - by panamack

  My motivation for chaining my class constructors here is so that I have a default constructor for mainstream use by my application and a second that allows me to inject a mock and a stub. It just seems a bit ugly 'new'-ing things in the ":this(...)" call and counter-intuitive calling a parametrized constructor from a default constructor , I wondered what other people would do here? (FYI - SystemWrapper) using SystemWrapper; public class MyDirectoryWorker{ // SystemWrapper interface allows for stub of sealed .Net class. private IDirectoryInfoWrap dirInf; private FileSystemWatcher watcher; public MyDirectoryWorker() : this( new DirectoryInfoWrap(new DirectoryInfo(MyDirPath)), new FileSystemWatcher()) { } public MyDirectoryWorker(IDirectoryInfoWrap dirInf, FileSystemWatcher watcher) { this.dirInf = dirInf; if(!dirInf.Exists){ dirInf.Create(); } this.watcher = watcher; watcher.Path = dirInf.FullName; watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.FileName; watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(watcher_Created); watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(watcher_Deleted); watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(watcher_Renamed); watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true; } public static string MyDirPath{get{return Settings.Default.MyDefaultDirPath;}} // etc... }

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• C# parameters by reference and .net garbage collection

  - by Yarko

  I have been trying to figure out the intricacies of the .NET garbage collection system and I have a question related to C# reference parameters. If I understand correctly, variables defined in a method are stored on the stack and are not affected by garbage collection. So, in this example: public class Test { public Test() { } public int DoIt() { int t = 7; Increment(ref t); return t; } private int Increment(ref int p) { p++; } } the return value of DoIt() will be 8. Since the location of t is on the stack, then that memory cannot be garbage collected or compacted and the reference variable in Increment() will always point to the proper contents of t. However, suppose we have: public class Test { private int t = 7; public Test() { } public int DoIt() { Increment(ref t); return t; } private int Increment(ref int p) { p++; } } Now, t is stored on the heap as it is a value of a specific instance of my class. Isn't this possibly a problem if I pass this value as a reference parameter? If I pass t as a reference parameter, p will point to the current location of t. However, if the garbage collector moves this object during a compact, won't that mess up the reference to t in Increment()? Or does the garbage collector update even references created by passing reference parameters? Do I have to worry about this at all? The only mention of worrying about memory being compacted on MSDN (that I can find) is in relation to passing managed references to unmanaged code. Hopefully that's because I don't have to worry about any managed references in managed code. :)

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• ModelState always valid

  - by Jaimal Chohan

  I've got something seemingly very simple not working. I have got a model public class Name: Entity { [StringLength(10), Required] public virtual string Title { get; set; } } public class Customer: Entity { public virtual Name Name { get; set; } } a view model public class CustomerViweModel { public Customer Customer { get; set; } } a view <% using(Html.BeginForm()) { %> <%= Html.LabelFor(m => m.Customer.Name.Title)%> <button type="submit">Submit</button> <% } %> and a controller [HttpPost] public ActionResult Index([Bind(Prefix = "Customer")] Customer customer) { if(ModelState.IsValid) Save else return View(); } No matter what I enter as the title (null, or a string 10 chars), ModelState.IsValid is always true. The Title field in the Customer object has a value, so the data is being passed around, but not being validated? Any clues?

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• Rails: Overriding ActiveRecord association method

  - by seaneshbaugh

  Is there a way to override one of the methods provided by an ActiveRecord association? Say for example I have the following typical polymorphic has_many :through association: class Story < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :taggings, :as => :taggable has_many :tags, :through => :taggings, :order => :name end class Tag < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :taggings, :dependent => :destroy has_many :stories, :through => :taggings, :source => :taggable, :source_type => "Story" end As you probably know this adds a whole slew of associated methods to the Story model like tags, tags<<, tags=, tags.empty?, etc. How do I go about overriding one of these methods? Specifically the tags<< method. It's pretty easy to override a normal class methods but I can't seem to find any information on how to override association methods. Doing something like def tags<< *new_tags #do stuff end produces a syntax error when it's called so it's obviously not that simple.

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• Binding search results to data grid

  - by Abid

  I want to add search functionality to my program. There's a class which has this function: public DataTable Search() { string SQL = "Select * from Customer where " + mField + " like '%" + mValue + "%'"; DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt = dm.GetData(SQL); return (dt); } There are setter and getter properties for mField and mValue. DM is the object of class DataManagement, which has a method GetData: public DataTable GetData(string SQL) { SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(); SqlDataAdapter dbAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(); DataTable DataTable = new DataTable(); command.Connection = clsConnection.GetConnection(); command.CommandText = SQL; dbAdapter.SelectCommand = command; dbAdapter.Fill(DataTable); return (DataTable); } The search functionality is currently implemented like this: private void btnfind_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //cust is the object of class customer// if (tbCustName.Text != "") { cust.Field="CustName"; cust.Value = tbCustName.Text; } else if (tbAddress.Text != "") { cust.Value = tbAddress.Text; cust.Field="Address"; } else if (tbEmail.Text != "") { cust.Value = tbEmail.Text; cust.Field="Email"; } else if (tbCell.Text != "") { cust.Value = tbCell.Text; cust.Field = "Cell"; } DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt = cust.Search(); dgCustomer.DataSource = dt; RefreshGrid(); } private void RefreshGrid() { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt = cust.GetCustomers(); dgCustomer.DataSource = dt; } This is not working. I don't know why. Please help.

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• Does ASP.NET need to be configured for Full Trust to implement 'PageHandlerFactory' ?

  - by Kev

  Our hosting platform (running IIS6/ASP.NET 2.0) is configured to run under partial trust. In the machine wide web.config file we set the ASP.NET trust level to Medium (and lock to prevent overrides) and use a modified policy file. When trying to add a custom HttpHandler to handle .aspx requests for a website running in this configuration I get the following security exception: Security Exception Description: The application attempted to perform an operation not allowed by the security policy. To grant this application the required permission please contact your system administrator or change the application's trust level in the configuration file. Exception Details: System.Security.SecurityException: Request failed. Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [SecurityException: Request failed.] System.Reflection.Assembly._GetType(String name, Boolean throwOnError, Boolean ignoreCase) +0 System.Reflection.Assembly.GetType(String name, Boolean throwOnError, Boolean ignoreCase) +42 System.Web.Compilation.CompilationUtil.GetTypeFromAssemblies(AssemblyCollection assembliesCollection, String typeName, Boolean ignoreCase) +172 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetType(String typeName, Boolean throwOnError, Boolean ignoreCase) +291 System.Web.Configuration.ConfigUtil.GetType(String typeName, String propertyName, ConfigurationElement configElement, XmlNode node, Boolean checkAptcaBit, Boolean ignoreCase) +52 I'm using a class derived from PageHandlerFactory, for example: public class MyPageHandlerFactory : PageHandlerFactory { public override System.Web.IHttpHandler GetHandler(System.Web.HttpContext context, string requestType, string virtualPath, string path) { // CustomPageHandler derives from System.Web.UI.Page return new CustomPageHandler(); } } My web.config httpHandler configuration is as follow: <httpHandlers> <add verb="*" path="*.aspx" type="MyPageHandler.MyPageHandlerFactory" /> </httpHandlers> The documentation for PageHandlerFactory shows that PageHandlerFactory is decorated with the following attributes: [PermissionSetAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted = true)] [PermissionSetAttribute(SecurityAction.InheritanceDemand, Unrestricted = true)] public class PageHandlerFactory : IHttpHandlerFactory Does this mean that I need to set ASP.NET to run at Full Trust to be able to create my own PageHandlerFactory classes?

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• SQL, MVC, Entity Framework

  - by Anthony

  Hi Im using the above technologies and have ran into what I presume is a design issue I have made. I have an Artwork table in my DB and have been able to add art (I now think of these as Digital Products) to a shopping cart + CartLine table fine. The system I have that adds art to galleries and user accounts etc works fine. Now the client wants to sell T-shirts, Mugs and Pens etc, 'HardwareProducts' so I have created a 'HardwareProducts' table. Now I have two different product types in two tables. I use GUID's as the PK's in both the HardwareProducts table and Artwork table. When a customer adds an item to their cart I store the GUID in the ProductID column in the CartItems table. The issue is the database will not know which table to reference when I bring the LineItem object up through my ORM to the front end. In OOP I can see how you would have a base class of Product, and then a DigitalProduct class and HardwareProduct class drived from it, but how do you model this in SQL Server and the Entity Framework please, or is there another way?

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• BackgroundWorker and instance variables

  - by Alastair Pitts

  One thing that's always confused me is how a BackgroundWorker seems to have thread-safe access to the instance variables of the surrounding class. Given a basic class: public class BackgroundProcessor { public List<int> Items { get; private set; } public BackgroundProcessor(IEnumerable<int> items) { Items = new List<int>(items); } public void DoWork() { BackgroundWorker worker = new BackgroundWorker(); worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(worker_RunWorkerCompleted); worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(worker_DoWork); worker.RunWorkerAsync(); } void worker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { var processor = new ProcessingClass(); processor.Process(this.Points); //Accessing the instance variable } void worker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { //Stuff goes here } } Am I erroneous in my assumption the the call to processor.Process(this.Points); is a thread-safe call? How don't I get a cross-thread access violation? I'm sure it's obvious, but it always has confused me.

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• How to take advantage of an auto-property when refactoring this .Net 1.1 sample?

  - by Hamish Grubijan

  I see a lot of legacy .Net 1.1-style code at work like in example below, which I would like to shrink with the help of an auto-property. This will help many classes shrink by 30-40%, which I think would be good. public int MyIntThingy { get { return _myIntThingy; } set { _myIntThingy = value; } } private int _myIntThingy = -1; This would become: public int MyIntThingy { get; set; } And the only question is - where do I set MyIntThingy = -1;? If I wrote the class from the start, then I would have a better idea, but I did not. An obvious answer would be: put it in the constructor. Trouble is: there are many constructors in this class. Watching the initialization to -1 in the debugger, I see it happen (I believe) before the constructor gets called. It is almost as if I need to use a static constructor as described here: http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/cupadhyay/staticconstructors11092005061428am/staticconstructors.aspx except that my variables are not static. Java's static initializer comes to mind, but again - my variables are not static. http://www.glenmccl.com/tip_003.htm I want to make stylistic but not functional changes to this class. As crappy as it is, it has been tested and working for a few years now. breaking the functionality would be bad. So ... I am looking for shorter, sweeter, cuter, and yet EQUIVALENT code. Let me know if you have questions.

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• Nhibernate fires SQL commands

  - by Chris

  Hi all, when updating an entity A, NHibernate also send an SQL update command for some other entity B. A and B are not related. Just before saving entity A, the parent of entity B is loaded via a SQLQuery. Then, when accessed, B is lazy loaded (part of a collection). If I save entity A an update statement for entity B is generated as well. How can that be, that when saving an entity, another entity loaded before but is not related to the entity saved, is updated as well?! Can I somehow track where the update comes from? Btw. I am using an save event listener. Could it be that this is always triggered for entity loaded, even though they are not saved explicitly? public class EntitySaveEventListener : NHibernate.Event.Default.DefaultSaveEventListener { protected override object PerformSaveOrUpdate(SaveOrUpdateEvent e) { //auditing return base.PerformSaveOrUpdate(e); } } Update (sorry for providing not enough info): I tracked it down a bit. A select stateement on a entity called address is executed (is it lazy loaded by a parent). Then I create a new entity called Request. Right before saving this entity a session flush is called which updates the address, even though I did not call save or update on the address. Address is a collection within Request. <class name="Request" table="Request"> <bag name="addresses" access="field" cascade="all-delete-orphan" where="IsDeleted = 0"> <key column="RequestId"/> <one-to-many class="Address"/> </bag> ... // address is fetched only NHibernate.SQL: 2010-02-17 11:47:21,306 [21] DEBUG NHibernate.SQL [(null)] - SELECT addresses0_.RequestId as ServiceP8_3_, .... // session flushed here // address is updated NHibernate.SQL: 2010-02-17 11:47:34,306 [21] DEBUG NHibernate.SQL [(null)] - Batch commands: command 0:UPDATE Address SET Street = @p0, ..... Would the address be updated automatically when it is manipulated somehow even though it is not explicitly saved via it's parent (cascade)?

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• On saving an new active record, in what order are the associated objects saved?

  - by Bryan

  In rails, when saving an active_record object, its associated objects will be saved as well. But has_one and has_many association have different order in saving objects. I have three simplified models: class Team < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :players has_one :coach end class Player < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :team validates_presence_of :team_id end class Coach < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :team validates_presence_of :team_id end I expected that when team.save is called, team should be saved before its associated coach and players. I use the following code to test these models: t = Team.new team.coach = Coach.new team.save! team.save! returns true. But in another test: t = Team.new team.players << Player.new team.save! team.save! gives the following error: > ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: > Validation failed: Players is invalid I figured out that team.save! saves objects in the following order: 1) players, 2) team, and 3) coach. This is why I got the error: When a player is saved, team doesn't yet have a id, so validates_presence_of :team_id fails in player. Can someone explain to me why objects are saved in this order? This seems not logical to me.

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• Select those objects whose related objects IDs are *all* in given string

  - by Jannis

  Hi Django people, I want to build a frontend to a recipe database which enables the user to search for a list of recipes which are cookable with the ingredients the user supplies. I have the following models class Ingredient(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True) slug = models.SlugField(max_length=100, unique=True) importancy = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(default=4) […] class Amount(models.Model): recipe = models.ForeignKey('Recipe') ingredient = models.ForeignKey(Ingredient) […] class Rezept(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) slug = models.SlugField() instructions = models.TextField() ingredients = models.ManyToManyField(Ingredient, through=Amount) […] and a rawquery which does exactly what I want: It gets all the recipes whose required ingredients are all contained in the list of strings that the user supplies. If he supplies more than necessary, it's fine too. query = "SELECT *, COUNT(amount.zutat_id) AS selected_count_ingredients, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM amount WHERE amount.recipe_id = amount.id) AS count_ingredients FROM amount LEFT OUTER JOIN amount ON (recipe.id = recipe.recipe_id) WHERE amount.ingredient_id IN (%s) GROUP BY amount.id HAVING count_ingredient=selected_count_ingredient" % ",".join([str(ingredient.id) for ingredient in ingredients]) rezepte = Rezept.objects.raw(query) Now, what I'm looking for is a way that does not rely on .raw() as I would like to do it purely with Django's queryset methods. Additionally, it would be awesome if you guys knew a way of including the ingredient's importancy in the lookup so that a recipe is still shown as a result even though one of its ingredients (that has an importancy of 0) is not supplied by the user.

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• Deep copy objects from different namespaces

  - by Wasim

  Hi all, I have the following situation: I have class User with the follwing properies : public class User { string user name ; List <Contact> contacts ; List <BookMark> book marks; . . . } I have the same class in a different namespace , with some different properties . BWT , it's the same situation of it's classes (Contact) and (BookMark). I need to make a deep copy of the same properties from the two classes . Actually , I arrive to this situation by having an Entity Framework edmx file . I created the first database (SQL server 2008) from this model . And copied he same edmx file to another project and created the database with SQL CE db. Now I get the first data model objects by WCF service and need to persist them in the local database in my application . The objects are the same but there are some changs because of the modeling issue with a different databse. Do you have any workarround about this assue. Thanks in advance ...

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• How to have current page selection using inludes navigation

  - by Anders Kitson

  I am using php includes to limit redundancy on my pages, how can I have my navigation have the current page selected with say a certain color for the HOME button when my navigation is called from a header.php file. If i were to say to add a "active" class to the home.php item and add a style so it looked different, that would happen across the board for all my pages, which is why I am using includes in the first place, how can I have one header.php file with my navigation, that also allows each page the ability to show the current page you are on reflected in the navigation? This is the nav portion of the header.php file <ul> <li><a href="index.php">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="portfolio.php">Portfolio</a></li> <li><a href="news.php">News</a></li> <li><a href="contact.php">Contact</a></li> </ul> This is the index.php file that the header.php file is included in <?php include("includes/header.php"); ?> <div class="span-8" id="welcome"> <p>Lorem ipsum</p> </div> <div class="span-16 last" id="slideshow"> <img src="images/introImage1.png" alt="fountain"> <img src="images/introImage2.png" alt="bench"> <img src="images/introImage3.png" alt="bridge"> </div> <?php include("includes/footer.php"); ?>

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• Hadoop/MapReduce: Reading and writing classes generated from DDL

  - by Dave

  Hi, Can someone walk me though the basic work-flow of reading and writing data with classes generated from DDL? I have defined some struct-like records using DDL. For example: class Customer { ustring FirstName; ustring LastName; ustring CardNo; long LastPurchase; } I've compiled this to get a Customer class and included it into my project. I can easily see how to use this as input and output for mappers and reducers (the generated class implements Writable), but not how to read and write it to file. The JavaDoc for the org.apache.hadoop.record package talks about serializing these records in Binary, CSV or XML format. How do I actually do that? Say my reducer produces IntWritable keys and Customer values. What OutputFormat do I use to write the result in CSV format? What InputFormat would I use to read the resulting files in later, if I wanted to perform analysis over them?

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• JPA joined column allow every value...

  - by Fabio Beoni

  I'm testing JPA, in a simple case File/FileVersions tables (Master/Details), with OneToMany relation, I have this problem: in FileVersions table, the field "file_id" (responsable for the relation with File table) accepts every values, not only values from File table. How can I use the JPA mapping to limit the input in FileVersion.file_id only for values existing in File.id? My class are File and FileVersion: FILE CLASS @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name="FILE_ID") private Long id; @Column(name="NAME", nullable = false, length = 30) private String name; //RELATIONS ------------------------------------------- @OneToMany(mappedBy="file", fetch=FetchType.EAGER) private Collection <FileVersion> fileVersionsList; //----------------------------------------------------- FILEVERSION CLASS @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name="VERSION_ID") private Long id; @Column(name="FILENAME", nullable = false, length = 255) private String fileName; @Column(name="NOTES", nullable = false, length = 200) private String notes; //RELATIONS ------------------------------------------- @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.EAGER) @JoinColumn(name="FILE_ID", referencedColumnName="FILE_ID", nullable=false) private File file; //----------------------------------------------------- and this is the FILEVERSION TABLE CREATE TABLE `JPA-Support`.`FILEVERSION` ( `VERSION_ID` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `FILENAME` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `NOTES` varchar(200) NOT NULL, `FILE_ID` bigint(20) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`VERSION_ID`), KEY `FK_FILEVERSION_FILE_ID` (`FILE_ID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

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• Database nesting layout confusion

  - by arzon

  I'm no expert in databases and a beginner in Rails, so here goes something which kinda confuses me... Assuming I have three classes as a sample (note that no effort has been made to address any possible Rails reserved words issue in the sample). class File < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :records, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :records, :allow_destroy => true end class Record < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :file has_many :users, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :users, :allow_destroy => true end class User < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :record end Upon entering records, the database contents will appear as such. My issue is that if there are a lot of Files for the same Record, there will be duplicate record names. This will also be true if there will be multiple Records for the same user in the the Users table. I was wondering if there is a better way than this so as to have one or more files point to a single Record entry and one or more Records will point to a single User. BTW, the File names are unique. Files table: id name 1 name1 2 name2 3 name3 4 name4 Records table: id file_id record_name record_type 1 1 ForDaisy1 ... 2 2 ForDonald1 ... 3 3 ForDonald2 ... 4 4 ForDaisy1 ... Users table: id record_id username 1 1 Daisy 2 2 Donald 3 3 Donald 4 4 Daisy Is there any way to optimize the database to prevent duplication of entries, or this should really the correct and proper behavior. I spread out the database into different tables to be able to easily add new columns in the future.

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• Java OO design confusion: how to handle actions modified by states modified by actions...

  - by Arvanem

  Hi folks, Given an entity, whose action is potentially modified by states (of the entity and other entities) in turn potentially modified by other actions (of the entity and other entities) , what is the best way to code or design to handle the potential existence of the modifiers? Speaking metaphorically, I am coding a Java application representing a piano. As you know a piano has keys (which, when pressed, emit sound) and pedals (which, when pressed, modify the keys' sounds). My base class structure is as follows: Entity (for keys and pedals) State (this holds each entity's states, e.g. name such as "soft pedal", and boolean "Pressed"), Action (this holds each entity's actions, e.g. play sound when pressed, or modify others sounds). By composition, the Entity class has a copy of each of State and Action inside it. e.g.: public class Entity { State entityState = new State(); Action entityAction = new Action(); Thus I have coded a "C-Sharp" key Entity. When I "press" that entity (set its "Pressed" state to true), its action plays a "C-Sharp" sound and then sets its "Pressed" state to false. At the same time, if the "C-Sharp" key entity is not "tuned", its sound deviates from "C-Sharp". Meanwhile I have coded a "soft pedal" Entity. When that entity is "pressed", no sound plays but its action is to make softer the sound of the "C-Sharp" and other key entities. I have also coded a "sustain pedal" Entity. When that entity is "pressed", no sound plays but its action is to enable reverberation of the sound of the "C-Sharp" and other key entities. Both the "soft" and "sustain pedals" can be pressed at the same time with the result that keys entities become both softened and reverberating. In short, I do not understand how to make this simultaneous series of states and actions modify each other in a sensible OO way. I am wary of coding a massive series of "if" statements or "switches". Thanks in advance for any help or links you can offer.

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• PHP error problem.

  - by TaG

  I get the following error on line 8: Undefined index: real_name which is $privacy_policy = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $_POST['privacy_policy']); I was wondering how can I fix this problem? Here is the PHP. if (isset($_POST['submitted'])) { $mysqli = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "sitename"); $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"SELECT users.* FROM users WHERE user_id=3"); $privacy_policy = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $_POST['privacy_policy']); if (mysqli_num_rows($dbc) == 0) { $mysqli = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "sitename"); $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"INSERT INTO users (user_id, privacy_policy) VALUES ('$user_id', '$privacy_policy')"); } if ($dbc == TRUE) { $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"UPDATE users SET privacy_policy = '$privacy_policy' WHERE user_id = '$user_id'"); echo '<p class="changes-saved">Your changes have been saved!</p>'; } if (!$dbc) { print mysqli_error($mysqli); return; } } Here is the HTML. <form method="post" action="index.php"> <fieldset> <ul> <li><input type="checkbox" name="privacy_policy" id="privacy_policy" value="yes" <?php if (isset($_POST['privacy_policy'])) { echo 'checked="checked"'; } else if($privacy_policy == "yes") { echo 'checked="checked"'; } ?> /></li> <li><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Save Changes" class="save-button" /> <input type="hidden" name="submitted" value="true" /> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Preview Changes" class="preview-changes-button" /></li> </ul> </fieldset> </form>

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• How to make += operator keep the object reference?

  - by orloffm

  Say, I have a class: class M { public int val; And also a + operator inside it: public static M operator +(M a, M b) { M c = new M(); c.val = a.val + b.val; return c; } } And I've got a List of the objects of the class: List<M> ms = new List(); M obj = new M(); obj.val = 5; ms.Add(obj); Some other object: M addie = new M(); addie.val = 3; I can do this: ms[0] += addie; and it surely works as I expect - the value in the list is changed. But if I want to do M fromList = ms[0]; fromList += addie; it doesn't change the value in ms for obvious reasons. But intuitively I expect ms[0] to also change after that. Really, I pick the object from the list and then I increase it's value with some other object. So, since I held a reference to ms[0] in fromList before addition, I want still to hold it in fromList after performing it. Are there any ways to achieve that?

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• Is there a safe / standard way to manage unstructured memory in C++?

  - by andand

  I'm building a toy VM that requires a block of memory for storing and accessing data elements of different types and of different sizes. I've done this by writing a wrapper class around a uint8_t[] data block of the needed size. That class has some template methods to write / read typed data elements to / from arbitrary locations in the memory block, both of which check to make certain the bounds aren't violated. These methods use memmove in what I hope is a more or less safe manner. That said, while I am willing to press on in this direction, I've got to believe that other with more expertise have been here before and might be willing to share their wisdom. In particular: 1) Is there a class in one of the C++ standards (past, present, future) that has been defined to perform a function similar to what I have outlined above? 2) If not, is there a (preferably free as in beer) library out there that does? 3) Short of that, besides bounds checking and the inevitable issue of writing one type to a memory location and reading a different from that location, are there other issues I should be aware of? Thanks.-&&

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• Injecting Dependencies into Domain Model classes with Nhibernate (ASP.NET MVC + IOC)

  - by Sunday Ironfoot

  I'm building an ASP.NET MVC application that uses a DDD (Domain Driven Design) approach with database access handled by NHibernate. I have domain model class (Administrator) that I want to inject a dependency into via an IOC Container such as Castle Windsor, something like this: public class Administrator { public virtual int Id { get; set; } //.. snip ..// public virtual string HashedPassword { get; protected set; } public void SetPassword(string plainTextPassword) { IHashingService hasher = IocContainer.Resolve<IHashingService>(); this.HashedPassword = hasher.Hash(plainTextPassword); } } I basically want to inject IHashingService for the SetPassword method without calling the IOC Container directly (because this is suppose to be an IOC Anti-pattern). But I'm not sure how to go about doing it. My Administrator object either gets instantiated via new Administrator(); or it gets loaded via NHibernate, so how would I inject the IHashingService into the Administrator class? On second thoughts, am I going about this the right way? I was hoping to avoid having my codebase littered with... currentAdmin.Password = HashUtils.Hash(password, Algorithm.Sha512); ...and instead get the domain model itself to take care of hashing and neatly encapsulate it away. I can envisage another developer accidently choosing the wrong algorithm and having some passwords as Sha512, and some as MD5, some with one salt, and some with a different salt etc. etc. Instead if developers are writing... currentAdmin.SetPassword(password); ...then that would hide those details away and take care of those problems listed above would it not?

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• Rails: Getting rid of "X is invalid" validation errors

  - by DJTripleThreat

  I have a sign-up form that has nested associations/attributes whatever you want to call them. My Hierarchy is this: class User < ActiveRecord::Base acts_as_authentic belongs_to :user_role, :polymorphic => true end class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :user, :as => :user_role, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :user, :allow_destroy => true validates_associated :user end class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :user, :as => :user_role, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :user, :allow_destroy => true validates_associated :user end I have some validation stuff in these classes as well. My problem is that if I try to create and Customer (or Employee etc) with a blank form I get all of the validation errors I should get plus some Generic ones like "User is invalid" and "Customer is invalid" If I iterate through the errors I get something like: user.login can't be blank User is invalid customer.whatever is blah blah blah...etc customer.some_other_error etc etc Since there is at least one invalid field in the nested User model, an extra "X is invalid" message is added to the list of errors. This gets confusing to my client and so I'm wondering if there is a quick way to do this instead of having to filer through the errors myself.

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