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• Optimal file system type and mount options for an rsnapshot dedicated drive

  - by Nimmy Lebby

  We have an external USB 2 drive that we are using as a backup drive for our configuration. We use rsnapshot for the backups. It uses a few standard commands for managing snapshots: rm -rf: deletes expired snapshots mv: moves older snapshots down a slot cp -al: duplicates last snapshot to new slot rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative: synchronizes new snapshot As you could see by the log below, the majority of the time is spent on the rm -rf and the cp -al steps: [25/Dec/2010:14:00:02] rsnapshot hourly: started [25/Dec/2010:14:00:02] echo 21012 > /var/run/rsnapshot.pid [25/Dec/2010:14:00:02] rm -rf /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.5/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.4/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.5/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.3/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.4/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.2/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.3/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.1/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.2/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] cp -al /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.0 /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.1 [25/Dec/2010:14:23:32] rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative /etc /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.0/sm4/ [25/Dec/2010:14:23:52] touch /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.0/ [25/Dec/2010:14:23:52] rm -f /var/run/rsnapshot.pid [25/Dec/2010:14:23:52] rsnapshot hourly: completed successfully My questions: I'm currently using ext4 for the filesystem. Maybe this is not the best choice from those available in Red Hat. Anyone have any recommendations that would speed up the process? The partition's mount options are sync,dirsync 1 2. Is there a way to optimize this since it's solely used for rsnapshot? Of course, reasoning would be greatly appreciated.

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• rsnapshot schedule overlapping, help with backup schedule

  - by Znarkus

  Hello, I have to following configuration. rsnapshot.conf interval halfhourly 4 interval hourly 6 interval twohourly 12 interval daily 7 interval weekly 4 crontab 0,30 * * * * /usr/bin/rsnapshot halfhourly >> /var/log/rsnapshot.halfhourly.log 2>&1 5 * * * * /usr/bin/rsnapshot hourly >> /var/log/rsnapshot.hourly.log 2>&1 10 */2 * * * /usr/bin/rsnapshot twohourly >> /var/log/rsnapshot.twohourly.log 2>&1 15 3 * * * /usr/bin/rsnapshot daily >> /var/log/rsnapshot.daily.log 2>&1 20 6 * * MON /usr/bin/rsnapshot weekly >> /var/log/rsnapshot.weekly.log 2>&1 Only halfhourly is running correctly now. hourly spits out this error: rsnapshot encountered an error! The program was invoked with these options: /usr/bin/rsnapshot hourly ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ERROR: Lockfile /var/run/rsnapshot.pid exists and so does its process, can not continue To me it seems like my 5 min space between halfhourly and hourly is too small. Is this configuration crazy? I like having backups every thirty minutes, that will probably save my ass some day. Please help me make a decent backup schedule, that doesn't clog up the system, but creates frequent enough backups. Thank you.

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• How to get a new-pssession in PowerShell to talk to my ICS-connected laptop for Remoting

  - by Scott Bilas

  If I have my laptop on the LAN, then Powershell remoting works fine from my workstation to the laptop. However, the LAN is wireless, and so sometimes I will connect on a wire to my workstation. It has two ethernet ports so I have the secondary wired up to share to the laptop using Win7's Internet Connection Sharing. (Btw I know that avoiding ICS would solve the problem, but that's not an option right now.) So my question is: what magic registry bits or command line options do I need to flip to get remoting to work to my laptop through ICS? Here's what happens when I try it: new-pssession -computername 192.168.137.161 [192.168.137.161] Connecting to remote server failed with the following error message : The WinRM client cannot process the request. Default authentication may be used with an IP address under the following conditions: the transport is HTTPS or the destination is in the TrustedHosts list, and explicit credentials are provided. Use winrm.cmd to configure TrustedHosts. Note that computers in the TrustedHosts list might not be authenticated. For more information on how to set TrustedHosts run the following command: winrm help config. For more information, see the about_Remote_Troubleshooting Help topic. + CategoryInfo : OpenError: (System.Manageme....RemoteRunspace:RemoteRunspace) [], PSRemotingTransportException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : PSSessionOpenFailed I'm having a hard time understanding the documentation for PowerShell and WinRM. I've tried messing with allowing ports in the firewall and setting TrustedHosts to * on my workstation (don't think this is a good idea on the laptop). I have no idea where to go from here, would appreciate any help.

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• Can I tell if crashplan has backed up a particular file in a particular state?

  - by Chris Cogdon

  I would like to be able to tell, programmatically, if CrashPlan has backed-up a particular file, including the current updates to that file. I.e., that the current contents of a file are backed up. It's relatively easy to tell when CrashPlan last backed up a file: its file name appears in /usr/local/crashplan/log/backup_files.log.0, and with some accuracy, I could compare the backup time with the last modification time to the file, but that method appears to be somewhat dubious. A couple of methods I could think of, but I don't know how: Compare the current file to CrashPlan's metadata about that file. This needs knowledge about the format of CrashPlan's "cache" files as well as the hashing system used. This might be achievable through the CLI, but the CLI is just a portal into the GUI, and I need something that's scriptable. Restore the file to a temporary directory, and compare it. Unfortunately, there is no CLI to do restores; the GUI is the only way. I'll describe what I'm trying to achieve. It would be nice to know how to do the above, even if there are alternative methods for the following: I'm using CrashPlan for continuous backups to my PostgreSQL database, using WAL archives. In the current configuration, the archive command copies the files to an archive directory, which is backed up by CrashPlan. Every so often I manually confirm (or just trust) a group of WALs are backed up, and remove them from the archive directory, and occasionally do a restore through the GUI to ensure I can retrieve current and "deleted" WALs. The xlog directory is backed-up, too, so I have a good chance of doing a near-full restore even if a particular xlog hasn't been archived by PostgreSQL yet. I'd like to be able to automate this process, which necessitates either confirming the backup status and recency, or automating a restore for comparison purposes. (As a bonus, if the method is trustworthy, I could turn the "archive_command" from "copy to archive directory" into "confirm CrashPlan has backed up the current version", and do away with the archive directory completely). (And, yes, I'm doing regular pg_dumpall's, in addition to the above.)

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• Can't install MailParse on cpanel server

  - by Tom

  Hi, I've got a linux vps running CentOs 5.5 (cpanel/whm), I've installed MailParse via Module Installers section on whm, and it did install it, the end of setup log: running: make INSTALL_ROOT="/root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5" install Installing shared extensions: /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/ running: find "/root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5" | xargs ls -dils 508718 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 6 21:08 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5 508745 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 6 21:08 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5/usr 508746 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 6 21:08 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5/usr/lib 508747 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 6 21:08 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5/usr/lib/php 508748 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 6 21:08 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5/usr/lib/php/extensions 508749 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 6 21:08 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626 508744 196 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 193502 Feb 6 21:08 /root/tmp/pear-build-root/install-mailparse-2.1.5/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/mailparse.so Build process completed successfully Installing '/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/mailparse.so' install ok: channel://pecl.php.net/mailparse-2.1.5 Extension mailparse enabled in php.ini The mailparse.so object is not in /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626 Now, when i try to use mailparse functions using php i get the following error: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/mailparse.so' - /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/mailparse.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 What should i do?

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• How to move the Windows 7 bootloader to the Windows 7 partition?

  - by pauldoo

  I recently installed Windows 7 in a triple boot setup alongside XP and Linux. When I was finished and was in the process of restoring the bootloader for Linux I discovered something strange about what Windows 7 had done. I discovered that Windows 7 had not installed a bootloader to it's own partition, and instead had instead set up a bootloader on the pre-existing XP partition that offers a choice between 7 and XP. This behaviour has been noticed by others. Now my booting is slightly odd. I have GRUB on the MBR which lets me choose between Linux and Windows. When I select Windows I have Grub boot to the XP partition where I get the 2nd choice between 7 and XP. Why doesn't the Windows 7 installer put the Windows 7 bootloader on the Windows 7 partition like all previous MS OSs? This is now going to be a real problem for me, as I now want to wipe the XP partition and install something else there (probably another non-MS OS). How can I move the bootloader for Windows 7 onto the Windows 7 partition, thus making it bootable and allowing me to safely wipe the XP partition?

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• Why won't dhclient use the static IP I'm telling it to request?

  - by mike

  Here's my /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf: request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers, domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name, netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu; timeout 60; reject 192.168.1.27; alias { interface "eth0"; fixed-address 192.168.1.222; } lease { interface "eth0"; fixed-address 192.168.1.222; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 255.255.255.255; option routers 192.168.1.254; option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.254; } When I run "dhclient eth0", I get this: There is already a pid file /var/run/dhclient.pid with pid 6511 killed old client process, removed PID file Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.1 Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/ wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 Listening on LPF/eth0/00:1c:25:97:82:20 Sending on LPF/eth0/00:1c:25:97:82:20 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.27 on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 DHCPACK of 192.168.1.27 from 192.168.1.254 bound to 192.168.1.27 -- renewal in 1468 seconds. I used strace to make sure that dhclient really is reading that conf file. Why isn't it paying attention to my "reject 192.168.1.27" and "fixed-address 192.168.1.222" lines?

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• How can I wipe my iPod classic and fix any bad sectors on the hard drive without killing it?

  - by Sam Meldrum

  My iPod never finishes syncing and only syncs audio, not pictures or video - any ideas as to how I can fix it? My iPod classic 160GB worked well for a couple of years. I used to sync a lot of photos at full resolution to it, but this recently stopped working after I moved to Windows 7. iTunes is on latest version - 9.1.1.12 iPod software is up to date - 1.1.2 Windows 7 is fully up to date and patched The symptoms are that the iPod will start to sync, all audio (music and podcasts will sync successfully) but the syncing will then just appear to continue - itunes message: Syncing iPod. Do not Disconnect. This sync never completes - I have left it trying for days. I have tried resetting the iPod using the Restore button, whereupon it restarts sync from default options and again will sync audio, but nothing else. I suspect that something has gone wrong on the hard-drive - either a bad sector or some corrupt data. Is there a process I can go through to fix this? E.g. SpinRite or a format? If so how do I go about formatting an iPod and will it be recognised as an iPod after format and work as normal? Any advice on what to try next much appreciated? Update I have eliminated problems with the files, PC or iTunes as they sync fine to other iPods. I have also eliminated the cable by trying different cables which work with other iPods. What I'd really like to know is if there is any way to more fundamentally wipe the iPod safely, attempt to repair any bad sectors on the hard drive and then start from scratch. Anyone ever managed this?

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• What are some techniques to monitor multiple instances of a piece of software?

  - by Geo Ego

  It was recommended that I ask this question here by a member of StackOverflow. I have a piece of self-serve kiosk software that will be running at multiple sites. I'd like to monitor their status remotely. The kiosk application itself is pretty much finished. I am now in the process of creating a piece of software that will monitor all of the kiosks from a central location so that the customer can view particular details remotely (for instance, how many bills are in the acceptor's cash cartridge, what customer is currently logged in, etc.). Because I am in such an early stage of development, my options are quite open. I understand that I'm not giving very many qualifications, but I'd like to try to get a good variety of potential solutions. Some details: Kiosk software is a VB6 app running on Windows Embedded Monitoring software will be run on a modern desktop version of Windows (either XP, Vista, or 7) Database is SQL Server 2008 My initial idea was to develop a .NET app that would simply report the last database transaction for each kiosk at a set interval (say every second or so) but I'd really like for the kiosk software to report its status in real-time. I'm not exactly sure where to begin in terms of what modifications may need to be made to the kiosk software, and what the monitoring software will require. Links to articles on these topics would be most welcome.

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• 2008 Sever Randomly reboots.

  - by Jeff

  I'm out of ideas here. We have a 2008 Server that keeps rebooting 2-3 times a day at completely random times with an "Unexpected Shutdown" event. There are no Dumps, no events leading to it just like it loses power then comes back online. I ran a Diagnostic of the power supply and it has had continuous power for months. In addition, the temperature of the processors are maxing out at 40 degrees Celsius. Anyone have any ideas how to figure out why this is restarting all the time? This is a DMZed Web server so it doesn't do too much process wise. Here are the specs: Host Name: ~~~ OS Name: Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard OS Version: 6.1.7600 N/A Build 7600 OS Manufacturer: Microsoft Corporation OS Configuration: Standalone Server OS Build Type: Multiprocessor Free Registered Owner: Windows User Registered Organization: Product ID: ~~~ Original Install Date: 5/27/2010, 4:25:47 PM System Boot Time: 2/14/2011, 5:35:01 PM System Manufacturer: HP System Model: ProLiant DL380 G6 System Type: x64-based PC Processor(s): 1 Processor(s) Installed. [01]: Intel64 Family 6 Model 26 Stepping 5 GenuineIntel ~1586 Mhz BIOS Version: HP P62, 8/16/2010 Windows Directory: C:\Windows System Directory: C:\Windows\system32 Boot Device: \Device\HarddiskVolume1 System Locale: en-us;English (United States) Input Locale: en-us;English (United States) Time Zone: (UTC-05:00) Eastern Time (US & Canada) Total Physical Memory: 4,086 MB Available Physical Memory: 2,775 MB Virtual Memory: Max Size: 8,170 MB Virtual Memory: Available: 6,691 MB Virtual Memory: In Use: 1,479 MB Page File Location(s): C:\pagefile.sys

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• Permissions Required for Sharepoint Backups

  - by Wyatt Barnett

  We are in the process of rolling out an extranet for some of our partners using WSS 3.0 as the platform. We already use it internally for a variety of things, and we are using the following powershell script to backup the server: param( $url="http://localhost", $backupFolder="c:\" ) [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SharePoint") $site= new-Object Microsoft.SharePoint.SPSite($url) $names=$site.WebApplication.Sites.Names foreach ($name in $names) { $n2 = "" if ($name.Length -eq 0) { $n2="ROOT" } else { $n2 = $name } $tmp=$n2.Replace("/", "_") + ".sbk" $saveas = "" if ($backupFolder.Length -eq 0) { $saveas = $tmp } else { $saveas = join-path -path $backupFolder -childPath $tmp } $site.WebApplication.Sites.Backup($name, $saveas, "true") write-host "$n2 backed up to $saveas." } This script works perfectly on the current installation running as our domain backup user. On the new box, it fails when ran as the backup user--claiming "The web application located at http://extranet/" could not be found. That url does, in fact, work so I'm fairly certain it isn't anything that dumb and rather is some permissions issue. Especially because, when executed from my security context, the script works perfectly. I have tried making the backup user a farm owner, as well as added him to the various site collection admin groups on the extranet. The one major difference between the extranet and the intranet server is that the extranet has an alternative access mapping (for https://xnet.example.com) and also uses forms authentication for that mapping. Anyhow, what permissions (or other voodoo) do I need to setup to get this script to work properly?

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• What does this mean: "SATP VMW_SATP_LOCAL does not support device configuration"?

  - by Jason Tan

  Can anyone tell me what this means in ESXi 5.1?: SATP VMW_SATP_LOCAL does not support device configuration I've googled it and I get a lot of results, but as yet all the pages that contain the string are discussing other matters. The storage array is a HDS HUS-VM and the hosts are HP b460c G8 blades with flex fabric and flex fabric VCs which I am in the process of commissioning and would like to get it started on the right foot - i.e. error and warning free! naa.600508b1001c56ee3d70da65f071da23 Device Display Name: HP Serial Attached SCSI Disk (naa.600508b1001c56ee3d70da65f071da23) Storage Array Type: VMW_SATP_LOCAL Storage Array Type Device Config: SATP VMW_SATP_LOCAL does not support device configuration. Path Selection Policy: VMW_PSP_FIXED Path Selection Policy Device Config: {preferred=vmhba0:C0:T0:L1;current=vmhba0:C0:T0:L1} Path Selection Policy Device Custom Config: Working Paths: vmhba0:C0:T0:L1 Is Local SAS Device: true Is Boot USB Device: false This is the same LUN: ~ # esxcli storage core device list -d naa.60060e80132757005020275700000016 naa.60060e80132757005020275700000016 Display Name: HITACHI Fibre Channel Disk (naa.60060e80132757005020275700000016) Has Settable Display Name: true Size: 204800 Device Type: Direct-Access Multipath Plugin: NMP Devfs Path: /vmfs/devices/disks/naa.60060e80132757005020275700000016 Vendor: HITACHI Model: OPEN-V Revision: 5001 SCSI Level: 2 Is Pseudo: false Status: degraded Is RDM Capable: true Is Local: false Is Removable: false Is SSD: false Is Offline: false Is Perennially Reserved: false Queue Full Sample Size: 0 Queue Full Threshold: 0 Thin Provisioning Status: unknown Attached Filters: VAAI_FILTER VAAI Status: supported Other UIDs: vml.020001000060060e801327570050202757000000164f50454e2d56 Is Local SAS Device: false Is Boot USB Device: false ~ #

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• VirtualBox communication from Linux to/from Windows 7

  - by J. Otto Tennant

  VirtualBox is running in Windows 7 as the host. VirtualBox has the two modifications (one is called Guest Additions; don't remember the other). The Virtual machine has "bridged" networking selected. I have SAMBA set up (now, the problem may be here; it has been three or four years since I last did this) on the Linux guest machine. Neither guest nor host sees the other. From the Windows 7 command prompt, the IP address of the Linux guest pings. The IP address of another computer (a separate Windows 7 on the wireless network) pings from the Linux guest. (I have no idea what IP address the Windows 7 host itself has. The output of "netstat" does not seem to be useful.) So, it seem to me that something should be working. The only workgroup on the LAN is inventively named WORKGROUP. SMB4K should be seeing something. There must be a simple setup step that I am missing. (FWIW, there are two processes running smbd, and no process is running nmbd. YaST says that nmbd is set to run. I am not sure what this means.)

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• How to find the cause of locked user account in Windows AD domain

  - by Stephane

  After a recent incident with Outlook, I was wondering how I would most efficiently resolve the following problem: Assume a fairly typical small to medium sized AD infrastructure: several DCs, a number of internal servers and windows clients, several services using AD and LDAP for user authentication from within the DMZ (SMTP relay, VPN, Citrix, etc.) and several internal services all relying on AD for authentication (Exchange, SQL server, file and print servers, terminal services servers). You have full access to all systems but they are a bit too numerous (counting the clients) to check individually. Now assume that, for some unknown reason, one (or more) user account gets locked out due to password lockout policy every few minutes. What would be the best way to find the service/machine responsible for this ? Assuming the infrastructure is pure, standard Windows with no additional management tool and few changes from default is there any way the process of finding the cause of such lockout could be accelerated or improved ? What could be done to improve the resilient of the system against such an account lockout DOS ? Disabling account lockout is an obvious answer but then you run into the issue of users having way to easily exploitable passwords, even with complexity enforced.

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• Azure's Ubuntu 12.0.4 fails to install PHP5

  - by Alex Kennberg

  Similar to this article from Azure themselves: http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/manage/linux/common-tasks/install-lamp-stack/ I am trying to install PHP5 on Ubuntu 12.0.4 virtual machine. However, it fails installing the ssl-cert. $ sudo apt-get install php5 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done php5 is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 49 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up ssl-cert (1.0.28) ... Could not create certificate. Openssl output was: Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ............................+++ ...................................................................................................................+++ writing new private key to '/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key' ----- problems making Certificate Request 140320238503584:error:0D07A097:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_mbstring_ncopy:string too long:a_mbstr.c:154:maxsize=64 dpkg: error processing ssl-cert (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: ssl-cert E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Any tips appreciated.

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• Alternatives to using email (in particular, Outlook) as a knowledge store?

  - by Umber Ferrule

  I suspect that, like many people, I use my work email account (accessed via Outlook 2007) to store information. I generally try to group similar things in folders and sub-folders, but with a multitude of folders this gets very unwieldy. In particular, it can be a bind to locate things using Outlook's tree structure. (As an aside: I've yet to come across a good free search add-on for Outlook.) I realise Outlook is not the best place to store all my information and I'd prefer not to. In an ideal world I'd like to be able to organise all of the information stored in Outlook in a MindMap (my software of choice being Freemind) or Wiki. To maintain an email audit-trail, I've considered saving individual emails as files using a MindMap or Wiki to link them. What do people think of this? (I can't say I relish the thought of the exporting process!) Whatever I do is going to involve some pain (i.e. setting up a Wiki/MindMap) or sticking with what Outlook provides currently. Has anyone been in the same position? Has anyone mass-migrated information from Outlook? If so, what was the best way? Any ideas or alternative proposals?

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• The Server Fault Wiki of recommended practices [migrated]

  - by Avery Payne

  So I've noticed that there are several recommendations on basic practices on Server Fault, but there doesn't seem to be a cohesive view as to how those recommendations would all fit together. So I thought I would lump these together as a kind of mental exercise to see what the "ServerFault Community IT Department" would look like if it were implemented. This would give a few things: it would make a reasonable wiki (in the true wiki spirit of many contributions), it would provide several links to well-vetted practices, and it would be kind of fun to see what the amalgamation would look like. And who knows, it may even point out some interesting issues between different forms of "best practices", although I would be stunned if there was a conflict hidden in there someplace... Add your favorites from Server Fault as answers, and I'll re-edit this section with the results. Here's a few catagories to collect different ideas together. Hardware Configuration(s) Server room configuration. Server room temperature Firmware Updates and Scheduling Storage Configuration(s) Selecting a NAS box Linux: Dealing with /tmp Linux: Install apps in /var or /opt? Network Configuration(s) checking DNS health and compliance Security Practice(s) Password (General) Best Practices Password sharing methods Windows Update Updating Windows Servers that are hosts for VMs Network Service(s) User Service(s) User Naming & Deletion Upgrade Process(es) Disaster Recovery Checking Backups Documenting an outage for a post-mortem review Last Edit: 2010-02-17

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• 100% iowait + drive faults in dmesg

  - by w00t

  Hi, I have a server on which resides a fairly visited web app. It has a raid1 of 2 HDDs, 64MB Buffer, 7200 RPM. Today it started throwing out errors like: kernel: ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen kernel: ata2.00: cmd b0/d0:01:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 tag 0 pio 512 in kernel: res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout) kernel: ata2.00: status: { DRDY } kernel: ata2: hard resetting link kernel: ata2: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) kernel: ata2.00: max_sectors limited to 256 for NCQ kernel: ata2.00: max_sectors limited to 256 for NCQ kernel: ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133 kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: timing out command, waited 7s kernel: ata2: EH complete kernel: SCSI device sda: 976773168 512-byte hdwr sectors (500108 MB) kernel: sda: Write Protect is off kernel: SCSI device sda: drive cache: write back All day long it has been in load higher than 10-15. I am monitoring it with atop and it gives some bizarre readings: DSK | sda | busy 100% | read 2 | write 208 | KiB/r 16 | KiB/w 32 | MBr/s 0.00 | MBw/s 0.65 | avq 86.17 | avio 47.6 ms | DSK | sdb | busy 1% | read 10 | write 117 | KiB/r 17 | KiB/w 5 | MBr/s 0.02 | MBw/s 0.07 | avq 4.86 | avio 1.04 ms | I frankly don't understand why only sda is taking all the hit. I do have one process that is constantly writing with 1-2megs but what the hell.. 100% iowait?

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• Why won't my service start, and why doesn't upstart output any errors?

  - by Alex Waters

  I am trying to 'start gunicorn' as a service via upstart as user ale. I'm using gunicorn/flask on ubuntu 12.04 w/ init (upstart 1.5) Here is my /etc/init/gunicorn.conf setuid btw setgid flask script export HOME=/home/btw export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs . $HOME/.virtualenvs/default/bin/activate cd $HOME/flask workon default gunicorn -c gunicorn.py bw:app end script It doesn't output anything other than gunicorn start/running, process 12992. If i then do 'status gunicorn' I get stop/waiting. any ideas on how to debug this? I tried following http://upstart.ubuntu.com/wiki/Debugging but it didn't help. If I do the following as user ale in the app's directory: 1. workon default 2. gunicorn -c gunicorn.py bw:app then Gunicorn runs fine. Here is ~/flask/gunicorn.py: bind = "0.0.0.0:8080" workers = 3 backlog = 2048 worker_class = "gevent" debug = True daemon = False pidfile ="/tmp/gunicorn.pid" log_level = "debug" accesslog = "/var/log/gunicorn/access.log" errorlog = "/var/log/gunicorn/error.log" user = "btw" group = "flask" Also, /var/log/error.log doesn't show anything new when I try to start the Gunicorn service. If I start it manually, it shows that the workers have been loaded, etc. Thanks for any help / suggestions!

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• CentOS 5.6: How to resolve php53 RPM dependency conflict with php-mcrypt and php-common?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  We are running a CentOS 5.6 system, and want to install php53 with php-mcrypt. However, this introduces a dependency conflict between php-common & php53-common. Does anyone have a good workaround for this problem? host # yum install php-mcrypt Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: linux.mirrors.es.net Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-mcrypt.x86_64 0:5.1.6-15.el5.centos.1 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: php-api = 20041225 for package: php-mcrypt --> Processing Dependency: php >= 5.1.6 for package: php-mcrypt --> Running transaction check ---> Package php.x86_64 0:5.1.6-27.el5_5.3 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: php-cli = 5.1.6-27.el5_5.3 for package: php ---> Package php-common.x86_64 0:5.1.6-27.el5_5.3 set to be updated --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-cli.x86_64 0:5.1.6-27.el5_5.3 set to be updated --> Processing Conflict: php53-common conflicts php-common --> Finished Dependency Resolution php53-common-5.3.3-1.el5_6.1.x86_64 from installed has depsolving problems --> php53-common conflicts with php-common Error: php53-common conflicts with php-common You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: package-cleanup --problems package-cleanup --dupes rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest This is apparently a known problem (See php-devel, Bug 700179 and Bug 695708) and this post at the CentOS forums, but there is no official fix yet.

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• linux Firewall question

  - by bcrawl

  I have few generic questions about firewalls and I thought the community up here could help me out. 1) So I recently installed Ubuntu server barebones. I checked for open ports, none were open which was great. Is that because there was a firewall installed or was it because there were no applications installed? 2) I installed some applications, (Apache, postgres,ssh, Java app and some few). Between these, I ended up opening a few ports (~10). Now I have a list of all the ports I would need open. So, how do I go about protecting them? [Is this the right question to ask? does the process go like this, Install Firewall - Allow Said needed ports - deny rest using IPtables rules] This is going to be open to the internet. Hosting low traffic ecommerce sites. 3) What do you think is the easiest way for me to quasi-secure the server, [low maintenance overhead/simplicity. Any open source "software" which can make my life easier?] 4) Finally, of the said open ports [2], I have 2 ports I need to close because they are telnet ports. Can I close these ports without installing a "firewall" Thanks all for the help and Merry Christmas!!!!!!!

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• Java web app deployment and ControlTier adoption

  - by Ran

  I've been searching for a configuration and deployment manager tool for my java-linux based web service and have been looking mainly at ControlTier (http://controltier.org). We operate at a medium scale (100's of hosts, multi-DC, dozens of services). There seem to be be plenty of lower level system admin tools such as chef, puppet, cfengine, bcfg2 and more and my understanding and the reason I'm calling them "low level" is that they are great for system level administration tasks such as setting up a mount, file permissions, users etc but aren't designed, for example for java deployments, which usually come with a build process and special java semantics. In many cases any tool can be used to do anything but if it was not designed for the task it can get uncomfortable. OTOH control-tier seem to have been designed just for that - java application deployments, at least that's what all the tutorials on their site demonstrate but here's the problem - The wiki at http://controltier.org/wiki/ is pretty good and stuffed with examples and the company behind the open source CT product is very responsive (pushy...) however, I'm yet to have seen any material from 3rd party users on the net. No success stories, no detailed blog posts, no best practices, no cheat sheets, not even hate letters, nothing. This plays badly for DTO solutions, CT's sponsor for two reasons, one is that it makes me suspicious what's the reason for the poor adoption? and second, what do I do if I get stuck and there's no help page on CT's wiki page and the mailing list is too slow to answer. I'm stuck with a "free" product that a consultancy company is pushing. So my question here - I'd be interested in hearing if anyone has had real world experience with CT for java based web app deployments and if he'd thumb up the product? Any other comments that may enlighten me are welcome of course...

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• ifcf-ethx problem

  - by Shahmir Javaid

  Every time i run service networkd restart This is what i get Shutting down interface eth0: Device state: 3 (disconnected) [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown Error org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.InvalidConnection: ifcfg file '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo' unknown [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: ** (process:12951): WARNING **: fetch_connections_done: error fetching user connections: (2) The name org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerUserSettings was not provided by any .service files. Active connection state: activating Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1 state: activated Connection activated [ OK ] Here is my ifcfg-eth0 # Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes DHCPCLASS= HWADDR=xxx IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no ONBOOT=yes OPTIONS=layer2=1 PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes TYPE=Ethernet UUID=xxx And my ifcfg-eth1 # Intel Corporation 82541PI Gigabit Ethernet Controller DEVICE=eth1 HWADDR=xxx ONBOOT=no And my ifcfg-lo DEVICE=lo IPADDR=127.0.0.1 NETMASK=255.0.0.0 NETWORK=127.0.0.0 # If you're having problems with gated making 127.0.0.0/8 a martian, # you can change this to something else (255.255.255.255, for example) BROADCAST=127.255.255.255 ONBOOT=yes NAME=loopback Any ideas?

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• Macbook Pro - 15" with i7 processor - Any problems with heat?

  - by webworm

  You may have already heard about the review done by the folks at PC Authority in Australia, where they had an i7 MacBook Pro that got up to 100 degrees Celsius during benchmarking. Here is the URL in case you have not read it. http://www.pcauthority.com.au/News/172791,macbook-pro-helps-core-i7-hit-100-degrees.aspx In any case, I was considering purchasing a 15" Macbook Pro with the i7 processor and the NVIDIA GeForce GT330M with 512 video memory. Having read how hot the computer got I started to become hesitant about purchasing. My main concern is long term damage to the computer due to excessive heat. I plan to use the MacBook Pro as a development machine where I will be running Windows 7 within VMWare Fusion or Virtual Box. Within the VM I will be running IIS, SQL Server, Visual Studio and SharePoint Server. Hence why I would like to have the power of the i7 processor. That is why I wanted to check with actually owners of the MacBooks with the i7 processor and see what their experiences have been. Have you noticed excessive heat? How does your Macbook handle process intensive apps over long periods of time? Thank you!

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• Setting kernel memory for installing postgresql

  - by Matthieu Taymans

  My question is about setting the kernel shared memory for installing postgresql on mac osx 10.6.8. In the readme file of postgresql it is said: Shared Memory PostgreSQL uses shared memory extensively for caching and inter-process communication. Unfortunately, the default configuration of Mac OS X does not allow suitable amounts of shared memory to be created to run the database server. Before running the installation, please ensure that your system is configured to allow the use of larger amounts of shared memory. Note that this does not 'reserve' any memory so it is safe to configure much higher values than you might initially need. You can do this by editting the file /etc/sysctl.conf - e.g. % sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf On a MacBook Pro with 2GB of RAM, the author's sysctl.conf contains: kern.sysv.shmmax=1610612736 kern.sysv.shmall=393216 kern.sysv.shmmin=1 kern.sysv.shmmni=32 kern.sysv.shmseg=8 kern.maxprocperuid=512 kern.maxproc=2048 Note that (kern.sysv.shmall * 4096) should be greater than or equal to kern.sysv.shmmax. kern.sysv.shmmax must also be a multiple of 4096. Once you have edited (or created) the file, reboot before continuing with the installation. If you wish to check the settings currently being used by the kernel, you can use the sysctl utility: % sysctl -a The database server can now be installed. I'm a real beginner with all this but need to instal postgresql for academic purposes do you know how i can set this kernel shared memory. Won't that be harmful for my system? Thank you in advance. Matthieu

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