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• bond0:0 + define virtual IP

  - by yael

  hi all in my linux server I have the follwoing: Linux Version - RedHat-Linux- 5.3.0.0 (this linux server only only one LAN) more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0:0 DEVICE=bond0:0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=10.10.10.12 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ifconfig -a bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 UP BROADCAST MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) bond0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet addr:10.10.10.12 Bcast:1.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0E:0C:C7:F8:92 inet addr:1.1.1.1 Bcast:1.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20e:cff:fec7:f892/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:8600 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4764 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:717979 (701.1 KiB) TX bytes:598620 (584.5 KiB) Memory:b8820000-b8840000 my problems: why I get HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 and not the real MAC address I cant ping to other server with 10.10.10.11 from my server is it posible to define bond0:0 when I have only one LAN (eth0) other info: more /etc/modprobe.conf alias eth0 e1000e alias eth1 e1000e alias eth2 e1000e alias eth3 e1000e alias scsi_hostadapter mptbase alias scsi_hostadapter1 mptsas alias scsi_hostadapter2 ata_piix alias bond0 bonding alias bond1 bonding

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• dhcp3-server (dhcpd) is tampering with host NIC

  - by user61000

  Hi all, I have a debian box that is serving as a router (using iptables NAT). When first turned on, everything works fine for a few minutes. Then the dhcp server assigns an IP (other than 192.168.0.1) to its' host NIC, eth0. This is NOT what I want. I just want dhcp3-server to listen on eth0, not assign it an IP, and changes the kernel routing table. This of course ruins the NAT capablities of the box. How can I tell the dhcp3-server NOT to do this? Thanks Before dhcp3-server tampers with eth0, the IP is 192.168.0.1, and the routing table looks like this: ~# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Iface 192.168.0.0 * eth0 173.33.220.0 * eth1 default 173.33.220.1 eth1 After dhcp3-server tampers with eth0, the IP is 192.168.0.3, and the routing table looks like this: ~# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Iface 192.168.0.0 * eth0 173.33.220.0 * eth1 default 192.168.0.1 eth0 default 173.33.220.1 eth1 SETUP Outbound NIC is eth1 Internal NIC is eth0 /etc/network/interfaces ... iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 /etc/default/dhcp3-server INTERFACES="eth0"

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• DNS resolve .com domain on local domain

  - by Joost Verdaasdonk

  I'm building a local 2008 R2 domain as a test case to be able to write a roadmap for the real new domain that needs to be created soon. What I would like to know if I'm able to make a record in DNS that will point the domain name: www.example.com and example.com to one of the servers in my network. I tried creating an a-record for it but that doesn't work. To be honest I'm not even sure if this is possible? So can I do this? That way I would be able to fully test all our services (and webb app) offline before I build the real domain and switch the DNS records at the provider. Some advice if possible and where to start is appreciated. The solution (Thanks Brent): Create new Forward lookup zone pointing to example.com Create empty A record pointing to IP of the webserver you are targeting If www is needed create A record with Name: www and IP of your webserver sub domains repeat the process but then with names for example: sub or www.sub (and ip your webserver) Be aware of the DNS Cache while you are in this process. Things can take time or do the following: Right click the server and choose clear cache in CMD: ipconfig /flushdns (to flush the client cache)

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• Is it a good Idea to switch to a SSD to use less battery?

  - by Walter Maier-Murdnelch

  I am thinking of buying a SSD for my laptop, mainly for the purpose of extended operating time when running on battery. At the moment I use a Hitachi HTS545032B9A300 (320GB) (Datasheet) as main drive and a Seagate Momentus 5400.3 120GB as secondary drive. I dualboot Windows and Linux but I don't need the windows partition any longer, a 120GB SDD would be more than sufficient space-wise. Speed is not an issue for me, I make heavy use of tmpfs (ramdrive) within Linux and transfers of bigger files are mainly through some network filesystem anyways, thus a cheaper SSD should do. For the purpose of comparison I chose the OCZ Vertex Plus 120GB. Power consumption always is a big promotional thing the industry uses to make me want to buy their SSDs, some sheet on the OCZ page provides an astonishing comparison of desktop HDDS and SSDs. The numbers I got comparing my laptop HDD and their SSD were not really astonishing any longer. Hitachi 320GB HDD: Startup (W, peak, max.) 4.5 Seek (W, avg.) 1.7 Read / Write (W, avg.) 1.4 Performance idle (W, avg.) 1.3 Active idle (W, avg.) 0.8 Low power idle (W, avg.) 0.5 Standby (W, avg.) 0.2 Sleep 0.1 OCZ 120GB SSD: 1.5W active 0.3W standby I see that there are differences, but actually they don't seem that high as I though they were. And compared to the power consuption of the rest of my system I wonder if it makes a difference at all. Have I just taken the wrong look at the whole thing or may I be better off to buy another battery for my laptop?

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• Trying to delete a directory stored on a Windows server, from on a Mac, containing files created on the Mac, getting "Directory not empty"

  - by AdamG

  I am trying to delete a directory stored on a Windows 2008 R2 server, mounted on a Mac as network home (10.8.5). The directory was created by Safari and stores temporary internet files. I need to be able to delete this folder on logout from a Mac bash script. The Terminal on Mac shows the directory as empty: 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ cd /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/Metadata/Safari/History 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ ls -al total 0 drwx------ 1 lwickham CGPS\Domain Users 264 Nov 8 09:24 . drwx------ 1 lwickham CGPS\Domain Users 264 Nov 8 09:28 .. However, on the Windows server it has a single 0kb file that doesn't start with a "." but yet is invisible to the Mac. E:\FacultyHome2\lwickham\Library\Caches\Metadata\Safari\History>dir Volume in drive E is FacultyUsers2 Volume Serial Number is 8C17-4EF3 Directory of E:\FacultyHome2\lwickham\Library\Caches\Metadata\Safari\History 11/08/2013 09:24 AM <DIR> . 11/08/2013 09:24 AM <DIR> .. 11/07/2013 04:28 PM 0 http?%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl?sa=t&rct= j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CFsQFjAF&url=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.usbanklocat ions.com%252Fhsbc-bank-usa-96th-street-branch.html&ei=5vR7UtmXEPjfsATe0YCIBA&usg =AFQjCNF9ypKbpYbXRng00FY3W8Y6cF1Tiw&bvm=bv.56146854,d. 1 File(s) 0 bytes 2 Dir(s) 514,231,967,744 bytes free 9ypKbpYbXRng00FY3W8Y6cF1Tiw&bvm=bv.56146854,d.1 File(s) 0 bytes2 Dir(s) 514,231,967,744 bytes free All my attempts to delete the dir from the Mac have failed: 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ rm -fr /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/Metadata/Safari/History/* 36W-FacRm-02:History lwickham$ rm -frd /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/ rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches//Metadata/Safari/History: Directory not empty rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches//Metadata/Safari: Directory not empty rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches//Metadata: Directory not empty rm: /home/lwickham/Library/Caches/: Directory not empty

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• Server 2008 RAID 5 Write Speeds

  - by Solipsism

  I recently configured a RAID 5 partition in Server 2008 with 4 RAID 5 disks. These disks are connected through a SATA expansion card that uses PCIe. This morning, I checked and they had finally finished synchronizing, and so I tried to do some speed tests. Copying off the disks started pretty much fine - speeds began at 125MB/s, then trailed down to about 70MB/s, which I found odd but not worrying. Writing TO the disks however is a completely different story. I attempted to copy some of my VM host ISOs onto the disks (~2-4 GB apiece) and this resulted in speeds of approximately 10MB/s. I tried copying both from a local disk (connected directly to the motherboard) and from another server ththe gigabit network and results were the same. I checked the performance monitor while transferring the files and the only thing that stuck out was that my memory hard faults shot up to 6,000 per minute (spiking around 200/s) by explorer.exe. The system is running 2GB of DDR667 ECC RAM and a quad-core 2.3GHz opteron. Is there anything I can do to fix this performance issue (buy more RAM? move the drives to a faster box?, etc) or am I just screwed so long as I stick to windows.

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• Restoring a fresh home folder in a shared user domain environment

  - by Cocoabean

  I am using a tool called pGINA that adds another credential provider to my Windows 7 clients so we can authenticate campus users via campus LDAP. We have the default Windows credential providers setup to authenticate off of our Active Directory, but we have students in our classes that don't have entries in our AD, and we need to know who they are to allow them internet access. Once these LDAP users login using pGINA, they are all redirected to the same AD account, a 'kiosk' account with GPOs in place to prevent anything malicious. My concern is that my users will accidentally save personal login information or files in that shared profile, and another user may login later and have access to a previous user's Gmail account, as the AppData folder on each computer is shared by anyone logging into the kiosk user. I've looked into MS's 'roll-your-own' SteadyState but it didn't seem to have what I wanted. I tried to write a PS script to copy a pre-saved clean version of the profile from a network share, but I just kept running into issues with CredSSP delegation and accessing the share from the UNC path. Others have recommended something like DeepFreeze but I'd like to do it without 3rd party tools if possible.

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• Why do I have redundant routing in Windows 7?

  - by Mark

  I'm trying to better understand my routing tables. My routing table is: IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 1. 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.151 25 2. 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 3. 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 4. 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 5. 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.151 281 6. 192.168.1.151 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.151 281 7. 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.151 281 8. 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 9. 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.151 281 10. 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 11. 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.151 281 =========================================================================== Most of those entries make sense to me, but a few confuse me: 2 and 3 seem redundant, as do 2 and 4. Why not just 2? 5 and 6 seem redundant, as do 5 and 7. Why not just 5? I'm trying to grok routing tables and this bit is still confusing me.

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• Setting up apache vhost for Icinga

  - by DKNUCKLES

  It's been a while since I've worked with Apache so please be kind - I'm also aware of this question but it hasn't been much help to me. I'd like to set up a simple vHost w/ Apache for my Icinga instance. Icinga is up and running and I can access it from x.x.x.x/icinga, however would like to be able to access it externally as well as internally. I have set up the /etc/hosts file and the following is my barebones vhost statement in httpd.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /usr/share/icinga ServerName icinga.domain.com ErrorLog logs/icinga.com-error_log CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common </VirtualHost> I also have the following in my .htaccess file <Directory> Allow From All Satisfy Any </Directory> An entry has been made for the instance in the Windows DNS server on my network, however when I try to access the site by URL I am greeted with Internal Server Error. Reviewing the /var/log/icinga.com-error_log I see the following entry. [Thu Dec 13 16:04:39 2012] [alert] [client 10.0.0.1] /usr/share/icinga/.htaccess: <Directory not allowed here Can someone help me spot the error of my ways?

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• Can a Windows Domain play along with a Hosted Exchange service?

  - by benzado

  I'm setting up a computer network for a small (10-20 people) company. They are currently using a Hosted Exchange service they are totally happy with. Other than that, they are starting from scratch (office doesn't even have furniture yet). They will need some kind of file sharing server set up in their office. If I set up a machine as a file server and nothing more, users will have three passwords to deal with: local machine, file server, and email. If I set up a Domain Controller, identities for local machine and file server will be the same. But what about the Hosted Exchange server? Must the users have a separate email password, or is it possible to combine the two? (I realize it might depend on the specific hosting provider, but is it possible?) If not, it seems like I have these options: Deal with it: users have a separate email password. Host Exchange on the local server: more than they want to manage in-house? Purchase a hosted VPS, make it part of the domain, and host Exchange there. (Or can/should a VPS be a domain controller?) I realize I have a lot of questions in there. The main one: is there any reason to use a Hosted Exchange service if I'm setting up other Windows services?

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• FTP Server upload and filesystem questions

  - by Alex

  I'm a photographer who mainly does event photography. A while ago I bought myself a Nikon WT-4 wireless transmitter, a small device which connects via USB to my Nikon D700 DSLR, and then establishes a WiFi connection to an existing WLAN. It can then upload any pictures I take via FTP to an FTP server somewhere in the network. On my laptop I then have a piece of software which will check a given folder on the disk regularly, this software is smart enough to look at the modified file timestamp, if this timestamp is less than 10 seconds ago, it will not attempt to import the folder and skip the file in this iteration of the import scan. The problem I've discovered seems to be inherent to the FTP protocol, as I have the same problem with Windows 7 built in IIS server, as I do with FileZilla FTP server. When the transmitter starts to upload a file, the FTP server will create a small 300-500 KB file with the correct filename on the disk, but then do nothing with the file until it has completely received the file via FTP. So it seems to create this small dummy file, and then buffer the remainder of the FTP upload until it's finished, and then dump the rest of the file into the dummy file making it the correct size. Problem is, these uploads take about 15-30 seconds depending on reception, but since the folder watch tool will already try to import any file older than 10 seconds, it will always try to import the small dummy files which obviously fails as they're not copmlete yet. Is there any way to 'disable' this behaviour? Ideally I would like my file only to show up once it's been completely uploaded. Or perhaps someone knows another FTP server application (it has to run on win7) which does not show this behaviour?

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• What's the best way to telnet from a remote Windows PC without using RDP?

  - by Rob D.

  Three Networks: 10.1.1.0 - Mine 172.1.1.0 - My Branch Office 172.2.2.0 - My Branch Office's VOIP VLAN. My PC is on 10.1.1.0. I need to telnet into a Cisco router on 172.2.2.0. The 10.1.1.0 network has no routes to 172.2.2.0, but a VPN connects 10.1.1.0 to 172.1.1.0. Traffic on 172.1.1.0 can route to 172.2.2.0. All PCs on 172.1.1.0 are running Windows XP. Without disrupting anyone using those PCs, I want to open a telnet session from one of those PCs to the router on 172.2.2.0. I've tried the following: psexec.exe \\branchpc telnet 172.2.2.1 psexec.exe \\branchpc cmd.exe telnet 172.2.2.1 psexec.exe \\branchpc -c plink -telnet 172.2.2.1 Methods 1 and 2 both failed because telnet.exe is not usable over psexec. Method 3 actually succeeded in creating the connection, but I cannot login because the session registers my carriage return twice. My password is always blank because at the "Username:" prompt I'm effectively typing: Routeruser[ENTER][ENTER] It's probably time to deploy WinRM... Does anyone know of any other alternatives? Does anyone know how I can fix plink.exe so it only receives one carriage return when I use it over psexec?

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• SSH Connection Error : No route to host

  - by dewbot

  There are three machines in this scenario: Desktop A : [email protected] Laptop A : [email protected] Machine B : [email protected] All the machines have Ubuntu 11.04 (Desktop A is a 64bit one) and have both openssh-server and openssh-client. Now when I try to connect Desktop A to Laptop A or vice-versa by ssh [email protected] I get an error as port 22: No route to host in both the cases. I own both the machines, now if I try same commands from my friend's machine, i.e. via Desktop B, I can access both my Laptop and Desktop. But if I try to access Desktop B from my Laptop or by Desktop I get port 22: Connection timed out I even tried changing ssh port no. in ssh_config file but no success. Note: that 'Laptop A' uses WiFi connection while 'Machine A' uses Ethernet Connection and 'Machine B' is on an entirely different network. Laptop A && Desktop A - Router/Nano_Rcvr provided to me by ISP. So to one Router two Machines are connected and can be accessed at the same time. here is my ifconfig output for both the machines :- Laptop wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr X:X:X:X:00:bc inet addr:1.23.73.111 Bcast:1.23.95.255 Mask:255.255.224.0 inet6 addr: fe80::219:e3ff:fe04:bc/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:108409 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:82523 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:44974080 (44.9 MB) TX bytes:22973031 (22.9 MB) Desktop eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr X:X:X:X:c5:78 inet addr:1.23.68.209 Bcast:1.23.95.255 Mask:255.255.224.0 inet6 addr: fe80::227:eff:fe04:c578/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10380 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4509 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1790366 (1.7 MB) TX bytes:852877 (852.8 KB) Interrupt:43 Base address:0x2000

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• Server-side SSH jump hosts

  - by Dan Sosedoff

  Trying to figure out server side SSH jump hosts logic. Current network schema: [Client] <--> [Server A: hostname: a.com] <--> [Server B] [Client] <--> [Server A: hostname: b.com] <--> [Server C] Server A responds to both DNS records. Possible flow: Client opens a ssh connection with ssh [email protected]. Server A accepts it and should automatically jump user onto Server B with ssh user2@server_b.com. Client opens a ssh connection with ssh [email protected]. Server A accepts it and should automatically just user onto Server C with ssh user2@server_c.com. In other words, client should be able to connect to the target without performing any local configuration, assuming that we have a stock ssh config. The problem with ssh jumps is that user has to define hosts in local ~/.ssh/config file, which is not acceptable in my case. It needs to be a default sshd behavior. Im aware that you can define a custom command ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on server, but i dont think there is a way to properly detect source hostname where user tries to connect. It is possible at all ?

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• How do I cancel windows server 2003 repair install?

  - by Kilgore2k

  System: Windows 2003 Server Enterprise Scenario: NTDS db is corrupt and all attempts to fix with esentutl fail. Ran chkdsk which seemed to repair disk error and give access to the ntds.dit file but still esentutl fails. (Attached the drive to a different server to run the esentutl) Error: Access to source database '[path to copy of]/ntds.dit' failed with Jet error -1022. Operation terminated with error -1022 (JET_errDiskIO, Disk IO error) after 0.170 seconds. This error occurs on any disk I cpoy the files to including original location in C:\WINDOWS\NTDS\ Now enter the "Stupid!" and "what was I thinking!?" part (must be the late hour...) Stupid: No updated backup - after using a backup I get a network password error in the lsass error. what was I thinking!?: Started the install repair from the original CD but the install fails since the AD fails to start. Now I cant boot into any mode (safe mode, AD restore etc) nor complete the repair install. I would really like to avoid a fresh install since I have the Exchange server on this DC and would rather migrate to a new server than have to start from scratch. Thanks!

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• 100% uptime for a web application

  - by Chris Lively

  We received an interesting "requirement" from a client today. They want 100% uptime with off-site failover on a web application. From our web application's viewpoint, this isn't an issue. It was designed to be able to scale out across multiple database servers, etc. However, from a networking issue I just can't seem to figure out how to make it work. In a nutshell, the application will live on servers within the client's network. It is accessed by both internal and external people. They want us to maintain an off-site copy of the system that in the event of a serious failure at their premises would immediately pick up and take over. Now we know there is absolutely no way to resolve it for internal people (carrier pigeon?), but they want the external users to not even notice. Quite frankly, I haven't the foggiest idea of how this might be possible. It seems that if they lose Internet connectivity then we would have to do a DNS change to forward traffic to the external machines... Which, of course, takes time. Ideas? UPDATE I had a discussion with the client today and they clarified on the issue. They stuck by the 100% number, saying the application should stay active even in the event of a flood. However, that requirement only kicks in if we host it for them. They said they would handle the uptime requirement if the application lives entirely on their servers. You can guess my response.

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• Same native and tagged vlan possible on Redhat?

  - by Chris Phillips

  Hi guys and gals, I'm looking at implementing a systems using a number of tagged and a native vlan connected to a server over a a/p bonded interface. The untagged vlan is for physical machine access, the tagged vlans are connected to bridges and then to QEMU VM's inside the machine. Hopefully this plan is fine, but I'm trying to implement a crippled version of this in a dev environment due to a lack of underlying network config in this location where I just have the same single vlan delivered to the machine on a tag AND plain. I'm nto clear if this is going to work (and that I should just be confident that it will work using different vlans) as I'm seeing odd things like a vm is arping out over the vlan out to the core switch, but the arp reply is coming back on the untagged interface. Now an ARP reply is unicast right? So it's a deliberate thing to send the ARP response on the untagged interface, and not a case that a broadcast response isn't being passed on the tagged side... i.e. there's some underlying logic pushing it that way. Something about the MACs somehow? This is on a CentOS 5.5 machine, vlan's from vconfig. (I've seen reference to the Linux mac-vlan project work, but that's not available here by default.) so 1) Should having the SAME vlan tagged and untagged work? 2) Will different tagged vlans to the untagged interface work nice and easily?

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• DNS lookup fails when with all the MAC workstations

  - by user39564

  Hi, I am having this insane problem. We are mac-heavy users. Around 10 workstations, one Xserve server, two windows workstation and one Linux (me). Last year I added an A record to our domain's DNS. However we had to change that a few months ago to a new IP. But all the Mac workstations fail to resolve the proper DNS and they still resolve to the old IP, even after 2 months. On both the windows workstation and my linux box a simple nslookup resolves to proper IP. However, on ALL the mac workstation, dig and nslookup report the old IP address. From my linux workstation: jp@lo:~$ nslookup - 208.67.222.222 client.xyz.com Server: 208.67.222.222 Address: 208.67.222.222#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: client.xyz.com Address: 68.71.40.xx But when I am trying the exact same command from any Mac workstation, I get the old IP: $ nslookup - 208.67.222.222 client.xyz.com Server: 208.67.222.222 Address: 208.67.222.222#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: client.xyz.com Address: 98.143.155.xx The strange thing is that this only happens in our internal network. No problem from home nor from another server. I did try to flush the DNS, don't worry. It did not help. I am starting to wonder if my router (OpenWRT) or Mac OS X Server is not in some way spoofing the DNS request and thus acting as a cache. Any suggestions/comments would be grateful. Thank you, JP

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• OpenVPN + iptables / NAT routing

  - by Mikeage

  Hi, I'm trying to set up an OpenVPN VPN, which will carry some (but not all) traffic from the clients to the internet via the OpenVPN server. My OpenVPN server has a public IP on eth0, and is using tap0 to create a local network, 192.168.2.x. I have a client which connects from local IP 192.168.1.101 and gets VPN IP 192.168.2.3. On the server, I ran: iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE On the client, the default remains to route via 192.168.1.1. In order to point it to 192.168.2.1 for HTTP, I ran ip rule add fwmark 0x50 table 200 ip route add table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -j MARK -p tcp --dport 80 --set-mark 80 Now, if I try accessing a website on the client (say, wget google.com), it just hangs there. On the server, I can see $ sudo tcpdump -n -i tap0 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tap0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 05:39:07.928358 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 558838 0,nop,wscale 5> 05:39:10.751921 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 559588 0,nop,wscale 5> Where 74.125.67.100 is the IP it gets for google.com . Why isn't the MASQUERADE working? More precisely, I see that the source showing up as 192.168.1.101 -- shouldn't there be something to indicate that it came from the VPN? Edit: Some routes [from the client] $ ip route show table main 192.168.2.0/24 dev tap0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.4 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.101 metric 2 169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan0 scope link metric 1000 default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static $ ip route show table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 dev tap0

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• Deploying multiple identical copies of a virtual machine for compute tasks

  - by Reid

  I have a compute task which has a large number of library dependencies. I would like to deploy it on some of my company's large Linux clusters, where I do not have root. I could probably track down, compile, and install the right versions of all the libraries, but this looks to be quite tedious and would have to be repeated if I deployed it again somewhere else. On the other hand, it's pretty easy to install on current Ubuntu. This led me to wonder about a virtual machine approach. Could I put together a virtual machine which booted up, ran the computation (with parameters from and results to the host), and then shut down? In other words, I'd like a command like this that I could run on the host: $ ./run-vm --ram N --task /path/on/host/foo.sh --results /another/host/dir/ This would boot the VM, run foo.sh, and put the (relatively small) results of the computation in /another/host/dir/. It's important to start up many instances of the VM simultaneously, both on a single node and multiple nodes of the cluster. So it would be nice if I didn't have to make many copies of the VM virtual disk and metadata. As the task instances are completely independent, the VMs would not need any network support once deployed, or any outside communications beyond reading and writing the host filesystem. Is this possible, and if so, how might I go about doing it? Are there assumptions I've made above which are bogus?

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• iptables: How to combine DNAT and SNAT to use a secondary IP address?

  - by Que_273

  There are lots of questions on here about iptables DNAT/SNAT setups but I haven't found one that solves my current problem. I have services bound to the IP address of eth0 (e.g. 192.168.0.20) and I also have a IP address on eth0:0 (192.168.0.40) which is shared with another server. Only one server is active, so this alias interface comes and goes depending on which server is active. In order to get traffic accepted by the service a DNAT rule is used to change the destination IP. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.0.40 -p udp --dport 7100 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.20 I also wish all outbound traffic from this service to appear to come from the shared IP, so that return responses will work in the event of a active-standby failover. iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p udp --sport 7100 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.0.40 My problem is that the SNAT rule is not always run. Inbound traffic causes a connection tracking entry like this. [root]# conntrack -L -p udp udp 17 170 src=192.168.0.185 dst=192.168.0.40 sport=7100 dport=7100 src=192.168.0.20 dst=192.168.0.185 sport=7100 dport=7100 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=2 which means the POSTROUTING chain is not run and outbound traffic leaves with the real IP address as the source. I am thinking I can set up a NOTRACK rule in the raw table to prevent conntracking for this port number, but is there a better or more efficient way to make this work? Edit - Alternative question: Is there a way (in CentOS/Linux) to have an interface that can be bound to but not used, such that it can be attached to the network or detached when a shared IP address is swapped between servers?

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• Server not resolving after restart

  - by DomainSoil

  I restarted our server today, and now cannot for the life of me get anything to resolve... I suspect it has something to do with our routes. I've tried numerous Google results to no avail. Here is as far as I've gotten: [root@www ~]# route -n Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.1.101 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.101 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 Things you need to know: Our server (CentOS 6.3) runs two virtual machines, one live, and one development. They mirror each other as much as possible, but I can't find where I've went wrong with the live server. The dev server works fine. [root@www ~]# ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx inet6 addr: xxxx:xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:118206 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:165 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:7825749 (7.4 Mib) TX bytes:7146 (69.2 KiB) Interrupt:28 [root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/network status Configured devices: lo Auto eth0 Currently active devices: lo eth1 If there is any other information you need, please don't hesitate to ask!

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• How to set a static route for an external IP address

  - by HorusKol

  Further to my earlier question about bridging different subnets - I now need to route requests for one particular IP address differently to all other traffic. I have the following routing in my iptables on our router: # Allow established connections, and those !not! coming from the public interface # eth0 = public interface # eth1 = private interface #1 (10.1.1.0/24) # eth2 = private interface #2 (129.2.2.0/25) iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW ! -i eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth2 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow outgoing connections from the private interfaces iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT # Allow the two private connections to talk to each other iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth2 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT # Masquerade (NAT) iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE # Don't forward any other traffic from the public to the private iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j REJECT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth2 -j REJECT This configuration means that users will be forwarded through a modem/router with a public address - this is all well and good for most purposes, and in the main it doesn't matter that all computers are hidden behind the one public IP. However, some users need to be able to access a proxy at 192.111.222.111:8080 - and the proxy needs to identify this traffic as coming through a gateway at 129.2.2.126 - it won't respond otherwise. I tried adding a static route on our local gateway with: route add -host 192.111.222.111 gw 129.2.2.126 dev eth2 I can successfully ping 192.111.222.111 from the router. When I trace the route, it lists the 129.2.2.126 gateway, but I just get * on each of the following hops (I think this makes sense since this is just a web-proxy and requires authentication). When I try to ping this address from a host on the 129.2.2.0/25 network it fails. Should I do this in the iptables chain instead? How would I configure this routing?

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• Connecting a Wifi router to receivers with a cable instead of antenna?

  - by 31eee384

  This is a very strange question--I'd go so far as to say it's a stupid question. I'm being told that it is possible to, to describe it briefly, use a cable to connect an access point and a receiver directly to one another. This means that I would unscrew the access point's antenna, and attach one end of a cable to the port. Then, on the wireless receiver, I would also unscrew the antenna and plug in the other side of the cable. I'm being told the connection would work after this, just as a normal Wifi connection would. Bonus mini-question: if this works, would it still work if a splitter were attached to the access point and multiple receivers plugged in to the network? What would happen if I do this? Based on my surprisingly deficient knowledge of radio transmission, I don't think it would work. I would like some help knowing why it won't (or will) though, if possible. This is a somewhat hypothetical question--I realize that Ethernet does this exact job very handily, and I could just throw in a switch instead of the splitter. I simply feel that I should understand this scenario. Thanks for any help you can offer.

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• which virtualization technology is right for me?

  - by Chris

  I need a little help with this getting this sorted out. I want to setup a linux virtual server that I can use to run both sever and desktop systems. I want a linux system that is minimalist in nature as all the main os will be doing is acting as a hypervisor. The system I'm trying to setup will be running a file server, windows 7, ubuntu 10.04, windows xp and a firewall/gateway security system. All the client OS'es accessing and storing files on the file server. Also all network traffic will be routed through the gateway guest os. The file sever will need direct disk access while the other guests can run one disk images. All of this will be running on the same computer so I wont be romoting in to access the guests OS'es. Also if possible I would like to be able to use my triple head setup in the guest OS'es. I've looked at Xen, kvm and virtualbox but I don't know which is the best for me. I'm really debating between kvm and virtual box as kvm seem to support direct hardware access.

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