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  • What (pure) Python library to use for AES 256 encryption?

    - by Daren Thomas
    I am looking for a (preferably pure) python library to do AES 256 encription and decryption. This library should support the CBC cipher mode and use PKCS7 padding according to the answer to an earlier question of mine. The library should at least work on Mac OS X (10.4) and Windows XP. Ideally just by dropping it into the source directory of my project. I have seen this by Josh Davis, but am not sure about how good it is and if it does the required CBC cipher mode... Scanning the source suggests it doesn't

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  • Too much data for RSA block fail. What is PKCS#7?

    - by Tom Brito
    Talking about javax.crypto.Cipher; I was trying to encrypt data using Cipher.getInstance("RSA/None/NoPadding", "BC"); but I got the exception: ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: too much data for RSA block Looks like is something related to the "NoPadding", so, reading about padding, looks like CBC is the best approach to use here. I found at google something about "RSA/CBC/PKCS#7", what is this "PKCS#7"? And why its not listed on sun's standard algorithm names?

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  • How to build a test suite in watir?

    - by karlthorwald
    I have some single watir.rb scripts that use IE and are written in a standard watir way. How do I create a test suite that combines them? Is it possible to enumerate the files that should be included in the test suite? Is it possible to auto include single test files into a test suite by subidr? Can I cascade (include other watir suites in watir suites)?

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  • When encrypting data that is not an even multiple of the block size do I have to send a complete las

    - by WilliamKF
    If I am using a block cipher such as AES which has a block size of 128 bits, what do I do if my data is not an even multiple of 128 bits? I am working with packets of data and do not want to change the size of my packet when encrypting it, yet my data is not an even multiple of 128? Does the AES block cipher allow handling of a final block that is short without changing the size of my message once encrypted?

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  • mcrypt_encrypt fails to initialise

    - by mixkat
    I am trying to encrypt some data in PHP using the Rijndael cipher in CBC mode with a 256bit key but for some reason I get the following error message: mcrypt_encrypt() Module initialization failed My code: $hashKey = hash('sha256',$key); $iv = hash('sha256',$hashKey); // ------Cipher-------------key-------------Data-------------Mode---------IV-- $encryptedQuestion = base64_encode(mcrypt_encrypt('MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256', $hashKey , $_POST['question'], MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $iv)); Can anyone see whats wrong with this?

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  • java RSA Multiple Encryption

    - by user1763730
    I encrypt my message with a symmetric key and the symmetric key itself has to be further encrypted with different RSA public keys. When I tried to implement the above I got the following error: javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException: The input was invalid: Invalid input length. at com.rsa.shareCrypto.j.hD.engineDoFinal(Unknown Source) at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(Cipher.java:2087) at wrap1.main(wrap1.java:69) Is there a way to solve this problem ?

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  • Optimizing AES modes on Solaris for Intel Westmere

    - by danx
    Optimizing AES modes on Solaris for Intel Westmere Review AES is a strong method of symmetric (secret-key) encryption. It is a U.S. FIPS-approved cryptographic algorithm (FIPS 197) that operates on 16-byte blocks. AES has been available since 2001 and is widely used. However, AES by itself has a weakness. AES encryption isn't usually used by itself because identical blocks of plaintext are always encrypted into identical blocks of ciphertext. This encryption can be easily attacked with "dictionaries" of common blocks of text and allows one to more-easily discern the content of the unknown cryptotext. This mode of encryption is called "Electronic Code Book" (ECB), because one in theory can keep a "code book" of all known cryptotext and plaintext results to cipher and decipher AES. In practice, a complete "code book" is not practical, even in electronic form, but large dictionaries of common plaintext blocks is still possible. Here's a diagram of encrypting input data using AES ECB mode: Block 1 Block 2 PlainTextInput PlainTextInput | | | | \/ \/ AESKey-->(AES Encryption) AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | | | | \/ \/ CipherTextOutput CipherTextOutput Block 1 Block 2 What's the solution to the same cleartext input producing the same ciphertext output? The solution is to further process the encrypted or decrypted text in such a way that the same text produces different output. This usually involves an Initialization Vector (IV) and XORing the decrypted or encrypted text. As an example, I'll illustrate CBC mode encryption: Block 1 Block 2 PlainTextInput PlainTextInput | | | | \/ \/ IV >----->(XOR) +------------->(XOR) +---> . . . . | | | | | | | | \/ | \/ | AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | | | | | | | | | \/ | \/ | CipherTextOutput ------+ CipherTextOutput -------+ Block 1 Block 2 The steps for CBC encryption are: Start with a 16-byte Initialization Vector (IV), choosen randomly. XOR the IV with the first block of input plaintext Encrypt the result with AES using a user-provided key. The result is the first 16-bytes of output cryptotext. Use the cryptotext (instead of the IV) of the previous block to XOR with the next input block of plaintext Another mode besides CBC is Counter Mode (CTR). As with CBC mode, it also starts with a 16-byte IV. However, for subsequent blocks, the IV is just incremented by one. Also, the IV ix XORed with the AES encryption result (not the plain text input). Here's an illustration: Block 1 Block 2 PlainTextInput PlainTextInput | | | | \/ \/ AESKey-->(AES Encryption) AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | | | | \/ \/ IV >----->(XOR) IV + 1 >---->(XOR) IV + 2 ---> . . . . | | | | \/ \/ CipherTextOutput CipherTextOutput Block 1 Block 2 Optimization Which of these modes can be parallelized? ECB encryption/decryption can be parallelized because it does more than plain AES encryption and decryption, as mentioned above. CBC encryption can't be parallelized because it depends on the output of the previous block. However, CBC decryption can be parallelized because all the encrypted blocks are known at the beginning. CTR encryption and decryption can be parallelized because the input to each block is known--it's just the IV incremented by one for each subsequent block. So, in summary, for ECB, CBC, and CTR modes, encryption and decryption can be parallelized with the exception of CBC encryption. How do we parallelize encryption? By interleaving. Usually when reading and writing data there are pipeline "stalls" (idle processor cycles) that result from waiting for memory to be loaded or stored to or from CPU registers. Since the software is written to encrypt/decrypt the next data block where pipeline stalls usually occurs, we can avoid stalls and crypt with fewer cycles. This software processes 4 blocks at a time, which ensures virtually no waiting ("stalling") for reading or writing data in memory. Other Optimizations Besides interleaving, other optimizations performed are Loading the entire key schedule into the 128-bit %xmm registers. This is done once for per 4-block of data (since 4 blocks of data is processed, when present). The following is loaded: the entire "key schedule" (user input key preprocessed for encryption and decryption). This takes 11, 13, or 15 registers, for AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256, respectively The input data is loaded into another %xmm register The same register contains the output result after encrypting/decrypting Using SSSE 4 instructions (AESNI). Besides the aesenc, aesenclast, aesdec, aesdeclast, aeskeygenassist, and aesimc AESNI instructions, Intel has several other instructions that operate on the 128-bit %xmm registers. Some common instructions for encryption are: pxor exclusive or (very useful), movdqu load/store a %xmm register from/to memory, pshufb shuffle bytes for byte swapping, pclmulqdq carry-less multiply for GCM mode Combining AES encryption/decryption with CBC or CTR modes processing. Instead of loading input data twice (once for AES encryption/decryption, and again for modes (CTR or CBC, for example) processing, the input data is loaded once as both AES and modes operations occur at in the same function Performance Everyone likes pretty color charts, so here they are. I ran these on Solaris 11 running on a Piketon Platform system with a 4-core Intel Clarkdale processor @3.20GHz. Clarkdale which is part of the Westmere processor architecture family. The "before" case is Solaris 11, unmodified. Keep in mind that the "before" case already has been optimized with hand-coded Intel AESNI assembly. The "after" case has combined AES-NI and mode instructions, interleaved 4 blocks at-a-time. « For the first table, lower is better (milliseconds). The first table shows the performance improvement using the Solaris encrypt(1) and decrypt(1) CLI commands. I encrypted and decrypted a 1/2 GByte file on /tmp (swap tmpfs). Encryption improved by about 40% and decryption improved by about 80%. AES-128 is slighty faster than AES-256, as expected. The second table shows more detail timings for CBC, CTR, and ECB modes for the 3 AES key sizes and different data lengths. » The results shown are the percentage improvement as shown by an internal PKCS#11 microbenchmark. And keep in mind the previous baseline code already had optimized AESNI assembly! The keysize (AES-128, 192, or 256) makes little difference in relative percentage improvement (although, of course, AES-128 is faster than AES-256). Larger data sizes show better improvement than 128-byte data. Availability This software is in Solaris 11 FCS. It is available in the 64-bit libcrypto library and the "aes" Solaris kernel module. You must be running hardware that supports AESNI (for example, Intel Westmere and Sandy Bridge, microprocessor architectures). The easiest way to determine if AES-NI is available is with the isainfo(1) command. For example, $ isainfo -v 64-bit amd64 applications pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov amd_sysc cx8 tsc fpu 32-bit i386 applications pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov sep cx8 tsc fpu No special configuration or setup is needed to take advantage of this software. Solaris libraries and kernel automatically determine if it's running on AESNI-capable machines and execute the correctly-tuned software for the current microprocessor. Summary Maximum throughput of AES cipher modes can be achieved by combining AES encryption with modes processing, interleaving encryption of 4 blocks at a time, and using Intel's wide 128-bit %xmm registers and instructions. References "Block cipher modes of operation", Wikipedia Good overview of AES modes (ECB, CBC, CTR, etc.) "Advanced Encryption Standard", Wikipedia "Current Modes" describes NIST-approved block cipher modes (ECB,CBC, CFB, OFB, CCM, GCM)

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  • Why does Google mark one e-mail as spam while does not the other?

    - by nKn
    I've a Postfix installation which works fine, I don't get any trouble with mails sent through a mail client (in my case, Thunderbird or RoundCube) when the To: address is a GMail account. However, I recently needed to use the PHPMailer tool to send some e-mails to some GMail accounts, so I configured an account to be used via SASL authentication + TLS. I don't mean mass mailing, just 2-3 mails. If I send the e-mail from the Thunderbird or RoundCube clients, the mail is not marked as spam. However, if I use PHPMailer, it always gets catalogued as spam. So I compared both headers and I just can't find the reason why the second is marked as spam while the first one is just ok. The first header sent from a mail client which is not marked as spam: Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.76.153.102 with SMTP id vf6csp230573oab; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:08:19 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 10.60.23.39 with SMTP id j7mr45544050oef.20.1408471699715; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:08:19 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from mail.mydomain.com (X.ip-92-222-X.eu. [92.222.X.X]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id t5si27115082oej.10.2014.08.19.11.08.18 for <[email protected]> (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:08:19 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 92.222.X.X as permitted sender) client-ip=92.222.X.X; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 92.222.X.X as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass (test mode) [email protected] Received: by mail.mydomain.com (Postfix, from userid 111) id D8F69120293D; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:08:17 +0100 (BST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mydomain.com; s=mail; t=1408471697; bh=wKMX9gkQ7tCLv8ezrG5t4bICm/SSLQsNfTdZMToksWw=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:From; b=qRNcYVdmk+n3D1uuv0FInTx7/LzH2ojck9DgCmabFPvfke233lkojUOjezCUGx7iV DL8EayZ28mzzzHpB7ETeMzop/5OS3BmvFtGKVD9gzc78cDIFXTDoRFAnkRWDR2IOxI SOn5tiyODTFpkbDgJOndzQ6qL5K0S9ASNGCZrNL4= X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on vpsX.ovh.net X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.0 required=3.0 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,T_DKIM_INVALID autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from [192.168.1.111] (unknown [77.231.X.X]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) (Authenticated sender: [email protected]) by mail.mydomain.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 910341202624 for <[email protected]>; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:08:17 +0100 (BST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mydomain.com; s=mail; t=1408471697; bh=wKMX9gkQ7tCLv8ezrG5t4bICm/SSLQsNfTdZMToksWw=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:From; b=qRNcYVdmk+n3D1uuv0FInTx7/LzH2ojck9DgCmabFPvfke233lkojUOjezCUGx7iV DL8EayZ28mzzzHpB7ETeMzop/5OS3BmvFtGKVD9gzc78cDIFXTDoRFAnkRWDR2IOxI SOn5tiyODTFpkbDgJOndzQ6qL5K0S9ASNGCZrNL4= Message-ID: <[email protected]> Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:08:24 +0100 From: My Name <[email protected]> User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/24.6.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: My other account <[email protected]> Subject: . Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit . The second header sent from PHPMailer which is always marked as spam: Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.76.153.102 with SMTP id vf6csp230832oab; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:12:10 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 10.60.121.67 with SMTP id li3mr44086252oeb.17.1408471930520; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:12:10 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from mail.mydomain.com (X.ip-92-222-X.eu. [92.222.X.X]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id w8si27103806obn.30.2014.08.19.11.12.10 for <[email protected]> (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:12:10 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 92.222.X.X as permitted sender) client-ip=92.222.X.X; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 92.222.X.X as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass (test mode) [email protected] Received: by mail.mydomain.com (Postfix, from userid 111) id 1999D120293D; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:12:09 +0100 (BST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mydomain.com; s=mail; t=1408471929; bh=N1JuHq1S+8GrjHcEK3xn8P1JS+ygEBv5LKe0BiXuVJo=; h=Date:To:From:Reply-to:Subject:From; b=K7tcPyArzSTY91VEw6mAAFtDurSGwgTLGkfUZdC5mqsg0g/1LzmZkgwdjj4NdJa6M E2kDz3dwYN8FcZmbampJYFXxj4NQVtSnzjiWV40rpfOFqD2rXDGNIyB2QOjBZZ4WK3 7s4lyoJ/BrdQH4en8ctLVsDHed/KpHD4iGFEl67E= X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on vpsX.ovh.net X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.0 required=3.0 tests=ALL_TRUSTED,T_DKIM_INVALID autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from rpi.mydomain.com (unknown [77.231.X.X]) (using TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) (Authenticated sender: [email protected]) by mail.mydomain.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id B42AF1202624 for <[email protected]>; Tue, 19 Aug 2014 19:12:08 +0100 (BST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mydomain.com; s=mail; t=1408471928; bh=N1JuHq1S+8GrjHcEK3xn8P1JS+ygEBv5LKe0BiXuVJo=; h=Date:To:From:Reply-to:Subject:From; b=iXPM0tS36swudPTT4FOHHtPi5Ll6LbR60kNqCinZ8utcWoFE31SFTpoMEq5aCM5ux wQMdFiN8c6vkjRGabmvqFTTIbwJsrToHo/4+Lt5HEBoQQE2Y3T+xGmnmGAHCS6stKB yb7SVmtrIAsVtSMKA8VYIbmu2oYqV3afYt7g0OMQ= Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 20:12:07 +0200 To: [email protected] From: Trying another account <[email protected]> Reply-to: Trying another account <[email protected]> Subject: . Message-ID: <[email protected]> X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: PHPMailer 5.1 (phpmailer.sourceforge.net) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" . I also tried: Adding a User-Agent header to match the first one. Removing the X-Mailer header. No one of them made a difference. Is there some significant difference which is making the second e-mail to be marked as spam by Google?

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  • BI and EPM Landscape

    - by frank.buytendijk
    Most of my blog entries are not about Oracle products, and most of the latest entries are about topics such as IT strategy and enterprise architecture. However, given my background at Gartner, and at Hyperion, I still keep a close eye on what's happening in BI and EPM. One important reason is that I believe there is significant competitive value for organizations getting BI and EPM right. Davenport and Harris wrote a great book called "Competing on Analytics", in which they explain this in a very engaging and convincing way. At Oracle we have defined the concept of "management excellence" that outlines what organizations have to do to keep or create a competitive edge. It's not only in the business processes, but also in the management processes. Recently, Gartner published its 2009 market shares report for BI, Analytics, and Performance Management. Gartner identifies the same three segments that Oracle does: (1) CPM Suites (Oracle refers not to Corporate Performance Management, but Enterprise Performance Management), (2) BI Platform, and (3) Analytic Applications & Performance Management. According to Gartner, Oracle's share is increasing with revenue growing by more than 5%. Oracle currently holds the #2 market share position in the overall BI Software space based on total BI software revenue. Source: Gartner Dataquest Market Share: Business Intelligence, Analytics and Performance Management Software, Worldwide, 2009; Dan Sommer and Bhavish Sood; Apr 2010 Gartner has ranked Oracle as #1 in the CPM Suites worldwide sub-segment based on total BI software revenue, and Oracle is gaining share with revenue growing by more than 6% in 2009. Source: Gartner Dataquest Market Share: Business Intelligence, Analytics and Performance Management Software, Worldwide, 2009; Dan Sommer and Bhavish Sood; Apr 2010 The Analytic Applications & Performance Management subsegment is more fragmented. It has for instance a very large "Other Vendors" category. The largest player traditionally is SAS. Analytic Applications are often meant for very specific analytic needs in very specific industry sectors. According to Gartner, from the large vendors, again Oracle is the one who is gaining the most share - with total BI software revenue growth close to 15% in 2009. Source: Gartner Dataquest Market Share: Business Intelligence, Analytics and Performance Management Software, Worldwide, 2009; Dan Sommer and Bhavish Sood; Apr 2010 I believe this shows Oracle's integration strategy is working. In fact, integration actually is the innovation. BI and EPM have been silo technology platforms and application suites way too long. Management and measuring performance should be very closely linked to strategy execution, which is the domain of other business application areas such as CRM, ERP, and Supply Chain. BI and EPM are not about "making better decisions" anymore, but are part of a tangible action framework. Furthermore, organizations are getting more serious about ecosystem thinking. They do not evaluate single tools anymore for different application areas, but buy into a complete ecosystem of hardware, software and services. The best ecosystem is the one that offers the most options, in environments where the uncertainty is high and investments are hard to reverse. The key to successfully managing such an environment is middleware, and BI and EPM become increasingly middleware intensive. In fact, given the horizontal nature of BI and EPM, sitting on top of all business functions and applications, you could call them "upperware". Many are active in the BI and EPM space. Big players can offer a lot, but there are always many areas that are covered by specialty vendors. Oracle openly embraces those technologies within the ecosystem as well. Complete, open and integrated still accurately describes the Oracle product strategy. frank

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  • RSA C# Encrypt Java Decrypt

    - by user353030
    Hi guys, In my program (server side - Java) I've created keystore file, with command: keytool -genkey -alias myalias -keyalg RSA -validity 10000 -keystore my.keystore and exported related X509 certificate with: keytool -export -alias myalias -file cert.cer -keystore my.keystore After I saved cert.cer on client side (C#) and I write this code: X509Certificate2 x509 = new X509Certificate2(); byte[] rawData = ReadFile("mycert.cer"); x509.Import(rawData); RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)x509.PublicKey.Key; byte[] plainbytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("My Secret"); byte[] cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(plainbytes, true); String cipherHex = convertToHex(cipherContent); byte[] byteArray = encoding.GetBytes(cipherHex); .... I write this Java code on server side: keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("C:\\my.keystore"), "mypass".toCharArray()); Key key = keyStore.getKey("myalias", "mypass".toCharArray()); if (key instanceof PrivateKey) { Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate("myalias"); PublicKey pubKey = cert.getPublicKey(); privKey = (PrivateKey)key; } byte[] toDecodeBytes = new BigInteger(encodeMessageHex, 16).toByteArray(); Cipher decCipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA"); decCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privKey); byte[] decodeMessageBytes = decCipher.doFinal(toDecodeBytes); String decodeMessageString = new String(decodeMessageBytes); I receive this error: javax.crypto.BadPaddingException: Data must start with zero Can you help me, please? Thanks thanks,

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  • nunit-console can not loacte fixture

    - by tguclu
    Hi I have 2.5.8 and VS2010 I want to run tests against a dll and if I type >nunit-console a.dll I also have these suites namespace LicMgmtLib.Tests { /// <summary> /// Contains the complete suite for LicMgmtLibTest project /// </summary> public class AllTests { [Suite] public static IEnumerable Suite { get { List<Type> suite = new List<Type>(); foreach (Type testCase in UnitTests.Suite) { suite.Add(testCase); } return suite; } } } } and namespace LicMgmtLib.Tests { /// <summary> /// Contains the unit test cases for LicMgmtLibTest project /// </summary> public class UnitTests { [Suite] public static IEnumerable Suite { get { List<Type> suite = new List<Type>(); suite.Add(typeof(LicenceManagerTests)); suite.Add(typeof(CertManagerTests)); return suite; } } } } If I would like to run tests using Suites I type nunit-console a.dll /fixture=AllTests.Suite but it fails with the message >Unable to locate fixture AllTests.Suite If you wonder why I use Suites ,I don't know. We are using MSBuild in our project and this is a requirement of MSBuild I guess. Any help appreciated Regards

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  • Trying to create a .NET DLL to be used with Non-.NET Application

    - by Changeling
    I am trying to create a .NET DLL so I can use the cryptographic functions with my non .NET application. I have created a class library so far with this code: namespace AESEncryption { public class EncryptDecrypt { private static readonly byte[] optionalEntropy = { 0x21, 0x05, 0x07, 0x08, 0x27, 0x02, 0x23, 0x36, 0x45, 0x50 }; public interface IEncrypt { string Encrypt(string data, string filePath); }; public class EncryptDecryptInt:IEncrypt { public string Encrypt(string data, string filePath) { byte[] plainKey; try { // Read in the secret key from our cipher key store byte[] cipher = File.ReadAllBytes(filePath); plainKey = ProtectedData.Unprotect(cipher, optionalEntropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser); // Convert our plaintext data into a byte array byte[] plainTextBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); Rijndael alg = Rijndael.Create(); alg.Mode = CipherMode.CBC; alg.Key = plainKey; alg.IV = optionalEntropy; CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream(ms, alg.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write); cs.Write(plainTextBytes, 0, plainTextBytes.Length); cs.Close(); byte[] encryptedData = ms.ToArray(); return Convert.ToString(encryptedData); } catch (Exception ex) { return ex.Message; } } } } } In my VC++ application, I am using the #import directive to import the TLB file created from the DLL, but the only available functions are _AESEncryption and LIB_AES etc I don't see the interface or the function Encrypt. When I try to instantiate so I can call the functions in my VC++ program, I use this code and get the following error: HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(NULL); IEncryptPtr pIEncrypt(__uuidof(EncryptDecryptInt)); error C2065: 'IEncryptPtr': undeclared identifier error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'pIEncrypt'

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  • Encouter error "Linux ip -6 addr add failed" while setting up OpenVPN client

    - by Mickel
    I am trying to set up my router to use OpenVPN and have gotten quite far (I think), but something seems to be missing and I am not sure what. Here is my configuration for the client: client dev tun proto udp remote ovpn.azirevpn.net 1194 remote-random resolv-retry infinite auth-user-pass /tmp/password.txt nobind persist-key persist-tun ca /tmp/AzireVPN.ca.crt remote-cert-tls server reneg-sec 0 verb 3 OpenVPN client log: Nov 8 15:45:13 rc_service: httpd 15776:notify_rc start_vpnclient1 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27196]: OpenVPN 2.3.2 arm-unknown-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [EPOLL] [MH] [IPv6] built on Nov 1 2013 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27196]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27196]: Socket Buffers: R=[116736->131072] S=[116736->131072] Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: UDPv4 link local: [undef] Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]178.132.75.14:1194 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]178.132.75.14:1194, sid=44d80db5 8b36adf9 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY OK: depth=1, C=RU, ST=Moscow, L=Moscow, O=Azire Networks, OU=VPN, CN=Azire Networks, name=Azire Networks, [email protected] Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: Validating certificate key usage Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: ++ Certificate has key usage 00a0, expects 00a0 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY KU OK Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: Validating certificate extended key usage Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY EKU OK Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY OK: depth=0, C=RU, ST=Moscow, L=Moscow, O=AzireVPN, OU=VPN, CN=ovpn, name=ovpn, [email protected] Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 2048 bit RSA Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: [ovpn] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]178.132.75.14:1194 Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: SENT CONTROL [ovpn]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,ifconfig-ipv6 2a03:8600:1001:4010::101f/64 2a03:8600:1001:4010::1,route-ipv6 2000::/3 2A03:8600:1001:4010::1,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,dhcp-option DNS 194.1.247.30,tun-ipv6,route-gateway 178.132.77.1,topology subnet,ping 3,ping-restart 15,ifconfig 178.132.77.33 255.255.255.192' Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=1, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=1 Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: /usr/sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: /usr/sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 178.132.77.33/26 broadcast 178.132.77.63 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: /usr/sbin/ip -6 addr add 2a03:8600:1001:4010::101f/64 dev tun0 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: Linux ip -6 addr add failed: external program exited with error status: 254 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: Exiting due to fatal error Any ideas are most welcome!

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  • My IIS server won't serve SSL sites to some browsers

    - by sbleon
    (Update: This is now cross-posted at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3355000. This is the more appropriate forum, but StackOverflow gets a lot more traffic.) I've got an IIS 6.0 server that won't serve pages over SSL to some browsers. In Webkit-based browsers on OS X 10.6, I can't load pages at all. In MSIE 8 on Windows XP SP3, I can load pages, but it will sometimes hang downloading images or sending POSTs. Working: Firefox 3.6 (OS X + Windows) Chrome (Windows) Partially Working: MSIE 8 (works sometimes, but hangs up, especially on POSTs) Not Working: Chrome 5 (OS X) Safari 5 (OS X) Mobile Safari (iOS 4) On OS X (the easiest platform for me to test on), Chrome and Firefox both negotiate the same TLS Cipher, but Chrome hangs on or after the post-negotiation handshake. Chrome packet capture (via ssldump): 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 cipher suites Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc012 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0x2f TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 Unknown value 0x35 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0x39 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.3106 (0.2620) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= bb 0e 00 00 7a 7e 07 50 5e 78 48 cf 43 5a f7 4d d2 ed 72 8f ff 1d 9e 74 66 74 03 b3 bb 92 8d eb cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL Certificate ServerHelloDone 1 3 0.3196 (0.0090) C>S Handshake ClientKeyExchange 1 4 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 5 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S Handshake [hang, no more data transmitted] Firefox packet capture: 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 resume [32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipher suites Unknown value 0xff Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0x88 Unknown value 0x87 Unknown value 0x39 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0x84 Unknown value 0x35 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0x45 Unknown value 0x44 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0x96 Unknown value 0x41 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Unknown value 0x2f Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc012 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xfeff TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.0983 (0.0497) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL 1 3 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C ChangeCipherSpec 1 4 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C Handshake 1 5 0.1019 (0.0035) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 6 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S Handshake 1 7 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S application_data 1 8 0.2460 (0.1440) S>C application_data 1 9 0.3108 (0.0648) S>C application_data 1 10 0.3650 (0.0542) S>C application_data 1 11 0.4188 (0.0537) S>C application_data 1 12 0.4580 (0.0392) S>C application_data 1 13 0.4831 (0.0251) S>C application_data [etc] Update: Here's a Wireshark capture from the server end. What's going on with those two much-delayed RST packets? Is that just IIS terminating what it perceives as a non-responsive connection? 19 10.129450 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=3 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 20 10.129517 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=0 TSV=0 TSER=0 21 10.168596 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 22 10.172950 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Hello 23 10.173267 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 24 10.173297 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 25 10.385180 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=2897 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250191 TSER=163006 26 10.385235 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TLSv1 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Hello Done 27 10.424682 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=4215 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250192 TSER=163008 28 10.435245 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Key Exchange 29 10.438522 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Change Cipher Spec 30 10.438553 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=421 Win=65115 Len=0 TSV=163008 TSER=699250192 31 10.449036 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Encrypted Handshake Message 32 10.580652 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=65078 Len=0 TSV=163010 TSER=699250192 7312 57.315338 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50644 [RST, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=0 Len=0 19531 142.316425 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [RST, ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=0 Len=0

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  • All traffic is passed through OpenVPN although not requested

    - by BFH
    I have a bash script on a Ubuntu box which searches for the fastest openvpn server, connects, and binds one program to the tun0 interface. Unfortunately, all traffic is being passed through the VPN. Does anybody know what's going on? The relevant line follows: openvpn --daemon --config $cfile --auth-user-pass ipvanish.pass --status openvpn-status.log There don't seem to be any entries in iptables when I enter sudo iptables --list. The config files look like this: client dev tun proto tcp remote nyc-a04.ipvanish.com 443 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun persist-remote-ip ca ca.ipvanish.com.crt tls-remote nyc-a04.ipvanish.com auth-user-pass comp-lzo verb 3 auth SHA256 cipher AES-256-CBC keysize 256 tls-cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA There is nothing in there that would direct everything through tun0, so maybe it's a new vagary of Ubuntu? I don't remember this happening in the past.

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  • Disabling weak ciphers on Windows 2003

    - by Kev
    For PCI-DSS compliance you have to disable weak ciphers. PCI-DSS permits a minimum cipher size of 128 bits. However for the highest score (0 I believe) you should only accept 168 bit ciphers but you can still be compliant if you permit 128 bit ciphers. The trouble is that when we disable all but 168 bit encryption it seems to disable both inbound and out bound secure channels. For example we'd like to lock down inbound IIS HTTPS to 168 bit ciphers but permit outbound 128 bit SSL connections to payment gateways/services from service applications running on the server (not all payment gateways support 168 bit only we just found out today). Is it possible to have cipher asymmetry on Windows 2003? I am told it is all or nothing.

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  • My IIS server won't serve SSL sites to some browsers

    - by sbleon
    (Update: This is now cross-posted at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3355000. This is the more appropriate forum, but StackOverflow gets a lot more traffic.) I've got an IIS 6.0 server that won't serve pages over SSL to some browsers. In Webkit-based browsers on OS X 10.6, I can't load pages at all. In MSIE 8 on Windows XP SP3, I can load pages, but it will sometimes hang downloading images or sending POSTs. Working: Firefox 3.6 (OS X + Windows) Chrome (Windows) Partially Working: MSIE 8 (works sometimes, but hangs up, especially on POSTs) Not Working: Chrome 5 (OS X) Safari 5 (OS X) Mobile Safari (iOS 4) On OS X (the easiest platform for me to test on), Chrome and Firefox both negotiate the same TLS Cipher, but Chrome hangs on or after the post-negotiation handshake. Chrome packet capture (via ssldump): 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 cipher suites Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc012 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0x2f TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 Unknown value 0x35 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0x39 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.3106 (0.2620) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= bb 0e 00 00 7a 7e 07 50 5e 78 48 cf 43 5a f7 4d d2 ed 72 8f ff 1d 9e 74 66 74 03 b3 bb 92 8d eb cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL Certificate ServerHelloDone 1 3 0.3196 (0.0090) C>S Handshake ClientKeyExchange 1 4 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 5 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S Handshake [hang, no more data transmitted] Firefox packet capture: 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 resume [32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipher suites Unknown value 0xff Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0x88 Unknown value 0x87 Unknown value 0x39 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0x84 Unknown value 0x35 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0x45 Unknown value 0x44 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0x96 Unknown value 0x41 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Unknown value 0x2f Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc012 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xfeff TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.0983 (0.0497) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL 1 3 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C ChangeCipherSpec 1 4 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C Handshake 1 5 0.1019 (0.0035) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 6 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S Handshake 1 7 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S application_data 1 8 0.2460 (0.1440) S>C application_data 1 9 0.3108 (0.0648) S>C application_data 1 10 0.3650 (0.0542) S>C application_data 1 11 0.4188 (0.0537) S>C application_data 1 12 0.4580 (0.0392) S>C application_data 1 13 0.4831 (0.0251) S>C application_data [etc] Update: Here's a Wireshark capture from the server end. What's going on with those two much-delayed RST packets? Is that just IIS terminating what it perceives as a non-responsive connection? 19 10.129450 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=3 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 20 10.129517 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=0 TSV=0 TSER=0 21 10.168596 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 22 10.172950 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Hello 23 10.173267 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 24 10.173297 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 25 10.385180 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=2897 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250191 TSER=163006 26 10.385235 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TLSv1 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Hello Done 27 10.424682 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=4215 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250192 TSER=163008 28 10.435245 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Key Exchange 29 10.438522 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Change Cipher Spec 30 10.438553 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=421 Win=65115 Len=0 TSV=163008 TSER=699250192 31 10.449036 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Encrypted Handshake Message 32 10.580652 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=65078 Len=0 TSV=163010 TSER=699250192 7312 57.315338 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50644 [RST, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=0 Len=0 19531 142.316425 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [RST, ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=0 Len=0

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  • Chrome - SSL Security issue on Windows platforms?

    - by al nik
    Fortify.net is a service that displays what's the currently encryption key used by your browser in a https connection. If I browse this site with Chrome 4.1.249.1042 in WinXp SP3 the key used is RC4 cipher, 128-bit key This encryption is weak, and it's the one used by old browsers like IE6. Chrome works fine on Fedora9 and it uses AES cipher, 256-bit key as more modern browsers do (i.e.Firefox) I consider this a security issue. I'm considering to switch back to Firefox in Windows. Do you know if it's possible to change the default encryption key in Chrome?

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  • Test tomcat for ssl renegotiation vulnerability

    - by Jim
    How can I test if my server is vulnerable for SSL renegotiation? I tried the following (using OpenSSL 0.9.8j-fips 07 Jan 2009: openssl s_client -connect 10.2.10.54:443 I see it connects, it brings the certificate chain, it shows the server certificate, and last: SSL handshake has read 2275 bytes and written 465 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 1024 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 50B4839724D2A1E7C515EB056FF4C0E57211B1D35253412053534C4A20202020 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 7BC673D771D05599272E120D66477D44A2AF4CC83490CB3FDDCF62CB3FE67ECD051D6A3E9F143AE7C1BA39D0BF3510D4 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1354008417 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate) What does Secure Renegotiation IS supported mean? That SSL renegotiation is allowed? Then I did but did not get an exception or get the certificate again: verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:1 verify error:num=27:certificate not trusted verify return:1 verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate verify return:1 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Length: 174 Date: Tue, 27 Nov 2012 09:13:14 GMT Connection: close So is the server vulnerable to SSL renegotiation or not?

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  • curl can't verify cert using capath, but can with cacert option

    - by phylae
    I am trying to use curl to connect to a site using HTTPS. But curl is failing to verify the SSL cert. $ curl --verbose --capath ./certs/ --head https://example.com/ * About to connect() to example.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 1.1.1.1... connected * Connected to example.com (1.1.1.1) port 443 (#0) * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: none CApath: ./certs/ * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): * SSLv3, TLS alert, Server hello (2): * SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed * Closing connection #0 curl: (60) SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html curl performs SSL certificate verification by default, using a "bundle" of Certificate Authority (CA) public keys (CA certs). If the default bundle file isn't adequate, you can specify an alternate file using the --cacert option. If this HTTPS server uses a certificate signed by a CA represented in the bundle, the certificate verification probably failed due to a problem with the certificate (it might be expired, or the name might not match the domain name in the URL). If you'd like to turn off curl's verification of the certificate, use the -k (or --insecure) option. I know about the -k option. But I do actually want to verify the cert. The certs directory has been properly hashed with c_rehash . and it contains: A Verisign intermediate cert Two self-signed certs The above site should be verified with the Verisign intermediate cert. When I use the --cacert option instead (and point directly to the Verisign cert) curl is able to verify the SSL cert. $ curl --verbose --cacert ./certs/verisign-intermediate-ca.crt --head https://example.com/ * About to connect() to example.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 1.1.1.1... connected * Connected to example.com (1.1.1.1) port 443 (#0) * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: ./certs/verisign-intermediate-ca.crt CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSL connection using RC4-SHA * Server certificate: * subject: C=US; ST=State; L=City; O=Company; OU=ou1; CN=example.com * start date: 2011-04-17 00:00:00 GMT * expire date: 2012-04-15 23:59:59 GMT * common name: example.com (matched) * issuer: C=US; O=VeriSign, Inc.; OU=VeriSign Trust Network; OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10; CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 * SSL certificate verify ok. > HEAD / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 OpenSSL/0.9.8k zlib/1.2.3.3 libidn/1.15 > Host: example.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found < Cache-Control: must-revalidate,no-cache,no-store Cache-Control: must-revalidate,no-cache,no-store < Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1 < Content-Length: 1267 Content-Length: 1267 < Server: Jetty(7.2.2.v20101205) Server: Jetty(7.2.2.v20101205) < * Connection #0 to host example.com left intact * Closing connection #0 * SSLv3, TLS alert, Client hello (1): In addition, if I try hitting one of the sites using a self signed cert and the --capath option, it also works. (Let me know if I should post an example of that.) This implies that curl is finding the cert directory, and it is properly hash. Finally, I am able to verify the SSL cert with openssl, using its -CApath option. $ openssl s_client -CApath ./certs/ -connect example.com:443 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=3 /C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority verify return:1 depth=2 /C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5 verify return:1 depth=1 /C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 verify return:1 depth=0 /C=US/ST=State/L=City/O=Company/OU=ou1/CN=example.com verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=US/ST=State/L=City/O=Company/OU=ou1/CN=example.com i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <cert removed> -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/C=US/ST=State/L=City/O=Company/OU=ou1/CN=example.com issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 1563 bytes and written 435 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is RC4-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : RC4-SHA Session-ID: D65C4C6D52E183BF1E7543DA6D6A74EDD7D6E98EB7BD4D48450885188B127717 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 253D4A3477FDED5FD1353D16C1F65CFCBFD78276B6DA1A078F19A51E9F79F7DAB4C7C98E5B8F308FC89C777519C887E2 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1303258052 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- QUIT DONE How can I get curl to verify this cert using the --capath option?

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  • London Hotel Gives iPad For Guest During Their Stay

    - by Gopinath
    The Brits are still waiting for the launch of iPad but a luxurious hotel, The Berkeley, located in London is offering its guest an iPad during their stay in the luxurious suites. The iPads are pre-loaded with a range of customized apps designed by the hotel for enriching the London experience of their guests.  The hotel explains From Le Monde to the Wall Street Journal, your local newspaper will be available at breakfast and quickly checking the opening times of Christian Louboutin on Motcomb Street has never been more convenient. A wide range of games, videos and comic books is available for children and our experienced Concierge team has created their personal Top 5 of must-visit places – shops, exhibitions, local attractions and some hidden gems – which are clearly mapped so that you can plan your itinerary. The Berkeley hotel is enjoying the free publicity it’s getting across the globe as they are the first one to introduce iPads in London hotels. And the Apple too, for being a symbol of luxurious gadgets. By the did I tell you that each night stay at the luxurious suites of the hotel costs around $2804? This money seems to be far more than the required  to travel to US, grab an iPad and return back home. Join us on Facebook to read all our stories right inside your Facebook news feed.

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  • How to keep the trunk stable when tests take a long time?

    - by Oak
    We have three sets of test suites: A "small" suite, taking only a couple of hours to run A "medium" suite that takes multiple hours, usually ran every night (nightly) A "large" suite that takes a week+ to run We also have a bunch of shorter test suites, but I'm not focusing on them here. The current methodology is to run the small suite before each commit to the trunk. Then, the medium suite runs every night, and if in the morning it turned out it failed, we try to isolate which of yesterday's commits was to blame, rollback that commit and retry the tests. A similar process, only at a weekly instead of nightly frequency, is done for the large suite. Unfortunately, the medium suite does fail pretty frequently. That means that the trunk is often unstable, which is extremely annoying when you want to make modifications and test them. It's annoying because when I check out from the trunk, I cannot know for certain it's stable, and if a test fails I cannot know for certain if it's my fault or not. My question is, is there some known methodology for handling these kinds of situations in a way which will leave the trunk always in top shape? e.g. "commit into a special precommit branch which will then periodically update the trunk every time the nightly passes". And does it matter if it's a centralized source control system like SVN or a distributed one like git? By the way I am a junior developer with a limited ability to change things, I'm just trying to understand if there's a way to handle this pain I am experiencing.

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