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• Debian as USB hardware portable as possible

  - by James Mitch

  I have recent hardware, 64 bit, pae and so on. But I'd like to have my Debian installation on a USB HDD. Installing Debian to USB is solved. I used the i386 architecture image. But a pae kernel has been installed. I want to be able to travel with my USB HDD and therefore I want best possible hardware compatibility. My friends and family have sometimes older hardware, but always i386, just sometimes without 64 bit or pae. Never met someone with sparc or other architectures. What should I do to get non-pae kernel and maximum hardware compatibility?

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• Linux Debian Security Breach - what now? [closed]

  - by user897075

  Possible Duplicate: My server's been hacked EMERGENCY I installed Debian (Squeeze) a while back in my home network to host some personal sites (thank god). During the installation it prompted me to enter a user other than root - so in a rush I used my name as user and pass (alex/alex for what its worth). I know it's horrible practice but during the setup of this server I'm always logged in as root to perform configurations, etc. Few days or a week passes and I forget to change the password. Then I finally get my web site finished and I open the port forwarding on my router and DynDNS to point to my server in my home. I've done this many times in the past never had issues but I use a cryptic root password and I guess disabled regular accounts. Today I reformat my Windows 7 and after spending all day tweaking and updating SP1 I look for cloning apps and find clonezilla and see it supports SSH cloning, so I go through the process only to discover I need a user, so I log into my web-server and see I have the user 'alex' already in and realize I don't know the password. So I change the password to something cryptic and visit the directory 'home' only to realize their are contents such as passfile, bengos, etc. My heart sinks, I've been hacked!!! Sure as hell there are all sort of scripts and password files. I run a 'last' command and it seems they last logged in april 3rd. Question: What can I do to see if they did anything destructive? Should I reformat and reinstall? How restrictive is Debian/Squeeze in terms of user permissions out of the box - all my personal website stuff was created using 'root' so changing files does not seem to have occured. How did they determine there was a user 'alex' on the machine? Can you query any machine and figure this out? What the users are? Looks like they tried to run a IP scan...other nodes on the network are running Windows 7. One of which seems a little wonky as of late - is it possible they buggered up that system? What corrective action can I take to avoid this from happening again? And figure out what might have changed or been hacked? I'm hoping debian out of box is fairly secure and at best he managed to read some of my source code. :p Regards, Alex

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• Can't install new database in OpenLDAP 2.4 with BDB on Debian

  - by Timothy High

  I'm trying to install an openldap server (slapd) on a Debian EC2 instance. I have followed all the instructions I can find, and am using the recommended slapd-config approach to configuration. It all seems to be just fine, except that for some reason it can't create my new database. ldap.conf.bak (renamed to ensure it's not being used): ########## # Basics # ########## include /etc/ldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/nis.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema pidfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.pid argsfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.args loglevel none modulepath /usr/lib/ldap # modulepath /usr/local/libexec/openldap moduleload back_bdb.la database config #rootdn "cn=admin,cn=config" rootpw secret database bdb suffix "dc=example,dc=com" rootdn "cn=manager,dc=example,dc=com" rootpw secret directory /usr/local/var/openldap-data ######## # ACLs # ######## access to attrs=userPassword by anonymous auth by self write by * none access to * by self write by * none When I run slaptest on it, it complains that it couldn't find the id2entry.bdb file: root@server:/etc/ldap# slaptest -f ldap.conf.bak -F slapd.d bdb_db_open: database "dc=example,dc=com": db_open(/usr/local/var/openldap-data/id2entry.bdb) failed: No such file or directory (2). backend_startup_one (type=bdb, suffix="dc=example,dc=com"): bi_db_open failed! (2) slap_startup failed (test would succeed using the -u switch) Using the -u switch it works, of course. But that merely creates the configuration. It doesn't resolve the underlying problem: root@server:/etc/ldap# slaptest -f ldap.conf.bak -F slapd.d -u config file testing succeeded Looking in the database directory, the basic files are there (with right ownership, after a manual chown), but the dbd file wasn't created: root@server:/etc/ldap# ls -al /usr/local/var/openldap-data total 4328 drwxr-sr-x 2 openldap openldap 4096 Mar 1 15:23 . drwxr-sr-x 4 root staff 4096 Mar 1 13:50 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 3080 Mar 1 14:35 DB_CONFIG -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 24576 Mar 1 15:23 __db.001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 843776 Mar 1 15:23 __db.002 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 2629632 Mar 1 15:23 __db.003 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 655360 Mar 1 14:35 __db.004 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 4431872 Mar 1 15:23 __db.005 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 32768 Mar 1 15:23 __db.006 -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 2048 Mar 1 15:23 alock (note that, because I'm doing this as root, I had to also change ownership of some of the files created by slaptest) Finally, I can start the slapd service, but it dies in the attempt (text from syslog): Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: @(#) $OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.23 (Jun 15 2011 13:31:57) $#012#011@incagijs:/home/thijs/debian/p-u/openldap-2.4.23/debian/build/servers/slapd Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: config error processing olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config: Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: slapd stopped. Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: connections_destroy: nothing to destroy. I manually checked the olcDatabase={1}bdb file, and it looks fine to my amateur eye. All my specific configs are there. Unfortunately, syslog isn't reporting a specific error in this case (if it were a file permission error, it would say). I've tried uninstalling and reinstalling slapd, changing permissions, Googling my wits out, but I'm tapped out. Any OpenLDAP genius out there would be greatly appreciated!

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• Dedicated server configuration - some tips -Xenserver/Debian

  - by Sanjay S

  I am migrating from a vps based hosting to a dedicated hosting (8GB RAM/1TB HD). I need to run multiple Drupal and Ruby based applications? what would be the recommended configuration. I was thinking of two options. 1) Install multiple Debian os on top of Xen (like VPS). Each may be 2GB Memory and run Drupal and Ruby and MYSQL on separate partitions . 2) Install one instance of Debian. and Install Drupal (Apache, php) Ruby (lighttpd, ruby) ,MySQL all in the same partition I was little worried that option 2 could lead to some performance issues later..

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• pure-ftpd debian, can't get www-data user working

  - by lynks

  I'm trying to add FTP access to the apache web files, in the past I have done this with an ftpuser and group arrangement. This time I would like to make it possible to login directly as www-data (the default apache user on debian) to make things a bit cleaner. I have checked and re-checked all the common issues; MinUID is set to 1 (www-data has uid 33) www-data has shell set to /bin/bash in /etc/passwd PAMAuthentication is off UnixAuthentication is on I have restarted pure-ftpd using /etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart My resulting pure-ftpd run is; /usr/sbin/pure-ftpd -l unix -A -Y 1 -u 1 -E -O clf:/var/log/pure-ftpd/transfer.log -8 UTF-8 -B My syslog contains; Oct 7 19:46:40 Debian-60-squeeze-64 pure-ftpd: ([email protected]) [WARNING] Can't login as [www-data]: account disabled And my ftp client is giving me; 530 Sorry, but I can't trust you Am I missing something obvious?

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• SSH_ORIGINAL_ENVIRONMENT error with snow leopard client to a gitosis server on debian

  - by Mica

  I have a server running gitosis (installed from the package manager) on debian lenny. I am able to perform all operations from my linux mint laptop, but from my Mac running an up-to-date Snow Leopard gives me the following error: mica@waste Desktop$ git clone [email protected]:Poems.git Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/micas/Desktop/Poems/.git/ ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Repository read access denied fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly mica@waste Desktop$ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.0.156 [192.168.0.156] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '192.168.0.156' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/mica/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/mica/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Remote: Forced command: gitosis-serve mica@waste debug1: Remote: Port forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: X11 forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Agent forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Pty allocation disabled. debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 debug1: Remote: Forced command: gitosis-serve micas@waste debug1: Remote: Port forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: X11 forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Agent forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Pty allocation disabled. debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: Requesting authentication agent forwarding. PTY allocation request failed on channel 0 ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Need SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND in environment. debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype [email protected] reply 0 debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 Connection to 192.168.0.156 closed. Transferred: sent 2544, received 2888 bytes, in 0.1 seconds Bytes per second: sent 29642.1, received 33650.3 debug1: Exit status 1 Extensive googling of the error isn't returning much-- I changed the /etc/sshd_config file on my Mac as per http://www.schmidp.com/2009/06/23/enable-ssh-agent-key-forwarding-on-snow-leopard/. I still get the same error.

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• PHP-FPM for nginx on debian

  - by Jelko

  What is the preferred/recommended way of installing php-fpm on debian for use with nginx? I read about a "php5-fpm" package everywhere, but it's not available in the official debian repos any more. The PHP-FPM website (http://php-fpm.org/download/) says that fpm is now included with the php core. Is it enough to install "php5-common" then? Where are the config files, though? Other people recommend to install the current version of php and php-fpm from dotdeb.org. The versions provided there are generally more up to date. But is it secure? Is this a good repo to use in a production environment? I would appreciate any advice.

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• Recovering/Creating NewWorld Partition on Mac G4 (PPC) after botched Debian Install

  - by Luis Espinal

  I was trying to install Debian 5.04 on a Mac G4, and in typical geek tradition, I didn't RTFM. During installation, I nuked all existing partitions, creating new to my liking. But as I learned later during the installation process, yaboot needed a NewWorld partition, so I can't boot the installation. I don't have any OSX CDs with me (this is a used G4 I purchased of craigslist) with which to create a HFS partition. I've re-run the Debian installer, which lets me create a partition that is supposed to be of type 'NewWorld', but the installer does not seem to like it or recognizes it. Any ideas how to proceed from here? Thanks.

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• Installing from Debian's unstable repository

  - by hekevintran

  How do I make apt-get install from Debian's unstable repository?

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• Debian on Hyper-V

  - by Tobia

  I installed Debian with kernel 2.6.32-5-686 on a Hyper-V virtual machine. I had to add a legacy network card. I follow this tutorial http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?ref=Internal&from=ru&to=en&a=http://blogs.technet.com/b/abeshkov/archive/2011/03/17/hyperv_5f00_debian.aspx to add Hyper-V driver but when I reboot with the new kernel it crash during bootup. Is there any other way to load hyper-v drivers? I really need to change that legacy network card because my debian machine is going to be used as proxy. Thank you.

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• Recovering/Creating NewWorld Partition on Mac G4 (PPC) after botched Debian Install

  - by Luis Espinal

  I was trying to install Debian 5.04 on a Mac G4, and in typical geek tradition, I didn't RTFM. During installation, I nuked all existing partitions, creating new to my liking. But as I learned later during the installation process, yaboot needed a NewWorld partition, so I can't boot the installation. I don't have any OSX CDs with me (this is a used G4 I purchased of craigslist) with which to create a HFS partition. I've re-run the Debian installer, which lets me create a partition that is supposed to be of type 'NewWorld', but the installer does not seem to like it or recognizes it. Any ideas how to proceed from here? Thanks.

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• Debian boot disc with a gnu zebra

  - by user30597

  Hello How can i build a debian boot disc with GNU Zebra installed on it? Thanks.

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• Debian boot disc with a gnu zebra

  - by user23413

  Hello How can i build a debian boot disc with GNU Zebra installed on it? Thanks.

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• Debian Squeeze: Trackpad on EEE PC 1000HA acts like slate

  - by CarlF

  I'm using Debian on an Asus Eee PC 1000HA. It works flawlessly, except that the built-in trackpad acts as if it was a slate. That is, if I touch the upper-left quadrant of the trackpad, the mouse pointer "teleports" to the upper left of the netbook's screen. If I touch the bottom center, the pointer teleports to the bottom center of the screen. I currently have no xorg.conf. I have tried various settings for the mouse in xorg.confs that I created, and none of them did more than disable the trackpad entirely. The trackpad works perfectly in Windows XP (shipped with the Eee) and in Ubuntu. Debian works fine with the (USB) mouse. Any suggestions? Thanks.

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• Complete solution to upgrade PostgreSQL on debian production server

  - by Daimon

  I'm using Debian 6 (Squeeze) in production for a couple of websites. I decided to use postgresql backports so that I could use PostgreSQL 9.0 features. I thought that it would remain 9.0 and receive updates to that major version. Unfortunetly Squueze backports were updated to PostgreSQL 9.1 so probably I won't receive updates to 9.0. I'm planning upgrading to 9.1 but I know that it's not done automatically. I've read about official pg_upgrade and debian's pg_upgradecluster, but I would appreciate complete guide to upgrade. What are steps to do (first apt-get install postgresql, then pg_upgradecluster, then remove old cluster)? List of steps would be nice. What are possible failure scenarios? How to prepare to failures and react on them? I can stop database for a couple of hours only so I want to be prepared

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• Debian Raid5 LVM

  - by Develman

  I want to setup a debian server mainly used as data storage. I have 4 devices: /dev/sda (160GB) - installed debian on it /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd (all 500GB) - created a raid5 array with it Now I am not sure, how to go on. Is it usefull to create a LVM on the raid5 /dev/md0? How can I do this? Is there a good HowTo? Or can I just create filesystem on the raid5 and create different partitions?

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• Debian is equal to Ubuntu

  - by rkmax

  The title of the question is confusing, and does not explain my point well. I've always used Ubuntu server from version 10.04 and never had problem, now I have 4 machines with ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS installed on them and I found that under any circumstances where there is a high burden throws me a problem and machine crashes constantly. the most common is CPU#X stuck for Ns! Now I wonder if the administration of Debian is equal to that of ubuntu, regarding Servicos, packages, folders structure for example I would like to know if the services are installed in the same manner using invoke-rc.d, which handles additional security, including for not giving blind caning. I've been looking for a comparison chart but have not found anything yet, something between Debian 6.0.6 and Ubuntu 12.04 also the most common "hiccups" when you install the system

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• Issue changing mysql password on Debian

  - by Sean

  I installed mysql on my Debian server. I couldn't get into the database because it kept saying I put in the wrong password so I looked on the internet and found that I could log onto mysql using the command sudo mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf From there I went typed use mysql;then mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('password') WHERE user='root'; Which I know switched the password because I typed the command select Host, User, Password from user; And it showed the encrypted characters had changed for all three of the root user categories. But I am still not able to login to mysql using mysql -u root -p

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• eTrayz: Replace base system with a bootstrapped Debian

  - by knoopx

  I bought an eTrayz NAS time ago. The device is more or less good but it ships with a closed-source custom linux and a bunch of broken web-apps. I wanted to replace the whole system with a raw Debian installation. I successfully bootstrapped a Lenny Debian into a chroot and I'm able to use use it. However I would like it to be the default system and to boot automatically at login. The device itself ships with a bundled 2.6.24.4 kernel. I think the kernel is on a dedicated flash memory so I would prefere not to re-flash it. What do you think is the best way to accomplish it?

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• Multiple MySQL instances via mysqlmanager under Debian

  - by Karolis T.

  Has anyone got multiple MySQL instances running on Debian with mysqlmanager? Problem is, Debian doesn't ship with init.d script that takes mysqlmanager into account. Oh, and it doesn't work for me. I'm trying to run 3 instances, here's what I get after starting mysqlmanager # mysqlmanager --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf ... 090614 0:42:10 starting instance 'mysqld2'... 090614 0:42:10 guardian: starting instance 'mysqld1'... 090614 0:42:10 starting instance 'mysqld1'... 090614 0:42:10 starting instance 'mysqld3'... 090614 0:42:10 guardian: starting instance 'mysqld3'... 090614 0:42:10 guardian: starting instance 'mysqld2'... 090614 0:42:10 starting instance 'mysqld2'... 090614 0:42:10 guardian: starting instance 'mysqld1'... 090614 0:42:10 starting instance 'mysqld1'... ... It just keeps "starting" and "restarting", but no MySQL instance ever starts up.

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• I want to build an debian apt site for local LAN updates

  - by user73504

  Hi, I have downloaded all debian's DVD disks, and I have set up apache httpd service. I combined all dvd disk 's file, but I found the .gpg file I need and I can't create it. it looks like source's signature file. so when I set my /etc/apt/sources.list file as follow: deb http://192.168.1.102/apt/debian squeeze main contrib it noticed me the gpg files verilied faild. so I want to know , how to create gpg file, and do I need some other work except put DVD's file to the apache's htdocs path?

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• Rails /tmp/cache/assets permissions issue using Debian virtual machine hosted on OS X Lion

  - by Jim

  I am running Parallels Desktop 7 on OS X Lion. I have a VM with Debian installed, and inside that VM I setup a Rails development environment. I am using Parallels Tools to share out my OS X home directory to the VM - the goal here is to run the Rails server on the VM, but host the files on OS X (so they are automatically backed up, and so I can use tools like Textmate to develop with). Everything seems to work with the shared directory - my Debian user can read, write, and execute files. However, when I cloned a recent Rails project from Git, I got an error message when it tried to compile the CSS assets. My symptoms are exactly the same as in the question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7556774/rails-sprocket-error-compiling-css-assest-chown-issue I believe this is permissions-based, but it is really weird. My entire Rails project directory has permissions set to 777 and my Debian user owns it. If I navigate into /tmp/cache/assets, those permissions are the same. However, the three-character directories Rails is creating (DCE, DA1, D05, etc...) are being created without write permissions! If I refresh the Rails page a few times, about 4 or 5 (with Rails creating new three-character directories every time), eventually it will create one of the directories with the proper 777 permissions and everything will work! This will persist until I make a change to the CSS files and it has to recompile. Does anyone have any idea what might be going on here? I can't fathom why it is creating temp directories with incorrect permissions, or why after a few refreshes the good permissions kick in and it works... It definitely seems to be an issue with the share, since if I move the project into a different directory on the VM, it seems to work fine. On the OS X side, I've given the shared folder 777 permissions as well, but no dice...any ideas? Update I've found that the number of times I need to refresh before it works is not random - it has to do with how many assets are being compiled. For example, if I edit one of my CSS files, and there are four CSS files in the app/assets/stylesheets directory, I have to refresh four times before the app will finally work without the operation not permitted error...

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• DEBIAN repository signing: a step-by-step guide.

  - by jldupont

  I've got many DEBIAN repository for my projects (e.g. EPAPI, erlang-dbus etc.). It seems that now Synaptic wants those to be signed for the packages to appear by default. For the DEBIAN kung-fu masters out there, please provide me with a step-by-step guide to achieving this, please. I've googled a lot but I am still a bit confused on the subject. update: I use a Launchpad PPA now... saves me from all this trouble.

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• Debian 5.0.8 won't detect my ethernet adapter

  - by PaulH

  I'm installing Debian 5.0.8 on a Dell Latitude E6410 using the network install x86 CD. Unfortunately, it won't detect my Ethernet adapter. Specifically, I get the error: No Ethernet card was detected. If you know the name of the driver needed by your Ethernet card, you can select it from the list. lspci shows: 00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Device 10ea (rev 05) That should correspond to the e100e driver. But, if I select it from the list, the install CD still fails to detect it. Ubuntu 10.10 and Windows 7 are able to use this device with no problem. Does anybody know what I can do to make Debian use my Ethernet adapter? Thanks, PaulH

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• Host a Debian repository on a Windows Web/Ftp server

  - by Dave

  At the risk of causing a matter vs. antimatter paradox that would end the world as we know it ... Is it possible to host a Debian repository on a Windows server? We have some applications which are available for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Our web site, from where the application can be downloaded, is a Windows Server 2008 box running IIS 7. That is not going to change, and I would like to avoid having to purchase another server and/or domain. I would like to take advantage of the Debian packaging system so that I can just instruct users to add our repository to their software sources, and then they can install, get updates, resolve dependencies (some of which are not yet in the stable/main distributions of my target platforms), etc. The instructions I can find on the internet require linux-specific tools to create a local repository, but are unclear as to whether or not that can be copied to an FTP site as is, or if it requires some local daemons to be running or something.

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