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  • find the top K most frequent numbers in a data stream

    - by Jin
    This is more of a data structure question rather than a coding question. If I am fetching a data stream, i.e, I keep receiving float numbers once at a time, how should I keep track of the top K frequent numbers? Here my memory is 4G and I prefer to have less communication with hard drive unless necessary. I think heap is good for updating the max and min. How should I design the data structure? Thanks

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  • mailing system DB structure, need help

    - by Anna
    i have a system there user(sender) can write a note to friends(receivers), number of receivers=0. Text of the message is saved in DB and visible to sender and all receivers then they login to system. Sender can add more receivers at any time. More over any of receivers can edit the message and even remove it from DB. For this system i created 3 tables, shortly: users(userID, username, password) messages(messageID, text) list(id, senderID, receiverID, messageID) in table "list" each row corresponds to pair sender-receiver, like sender_x_ID -- receiver_1_ID -- message_1_ID sender_x_ID -- receiver_2_ID -- message_1_ID sender_x_ID -- receiver_3_ID -- message_1_ID Now the problem is: 1. if user deletes the message from table "messages" how to automatically delete all rows from table "list" which correspond to deleted message. Do i have to include some foreign keys? More important: 2. if sender has let say 3 receivers for his message1 (username1, username2 and username3) and at certain moment decides to add username4 and username5 and at the same time exclude username1 from the list of receivers. PHP code will get the new list of receivers (username2, username3, username4, username5) That means insert to table "list" sender_x_ID -- receiver_4_ID -- message_1_ID sender_x_ID -- receiver_5_ID -- message_1_ID and also delete from table "list" the row corresponding to user1 (which is not in the list or receivers any more) sender_x_ID -- receiver_1_ID -- message_1_ID which sql query to send from PHP to make it in an easy and intelligent way? Please help! Examples of sql queries would be perfect!

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  • A data structure based on the R-Tree: creating new child nodes when a node is full, but what if I ha

    - by Tom
    I realize my title is not very clear, but I am having trouble thinking of a better one. If anyone wants to correct it, please do. I'm developing a data structure for my 2 dimensional game with an infinite universe. The data structure is based on a simple (!) node/leaf system, like the R-Tree. This is the basic concept: you set howmany childs you want a node (a container) to have maximum. If you want to add a leaf, but the node the leaf should be in is full, then it will create a new set of nodes within this node and move all current leafs to their new (more exact) node. This way, very populated areas will have a lot more subdivisions than a very big but rarely visited area. This works for normal objects. The only problem arises when I have more than maxChildsPerNode objects with the exact same X,Y location: because the node is full, it will create more exact subnodes, but the old leafs will all be put in the exact same node again because they have the exact same position -- resulting in an infinite loop of creating more nodes and more nodes. So, what should I do when I want to add more leafs than maxChildsPerNode with the exact same position to my tree? PS. if I failed to explain my problem, please tell me, so I can try to improve the explanation.

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  • Best way to implement a data structure in PHP ?

    - by Double Gras
    Hi, I want to use some kind of data structure in PHP (5.2), mainly in order to not pollute the global namespace. I think about two approaches, using an array or a class. Could you tell me which approach is better ? Thanks $SQL_PARAMETERS = array ( 'server' => '127.0.0.1', 'login' => 'root'); class SqlParameters { const SERVER = '127.0.0.1'; const LOGIN = 'root'; } echo $SQL_PARAMETERS['server']; echo SqlParameters::SERVER;

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  • Complexity in using Binary search and Trie

    - by user121196
    given a large list of alphabetically sorted words in a file,I need to write a program that, given a word x, determines if x is in the list. Preprocessing is ok since I will be calling this function many times over different inputs. priorties: 1. speed. 2. memory I already know I can use (n is number of words, m is average length of the words) 1. a trie, time is O(log(n)), space(best case) is O(log(n*m)), space(worst case) is O(n*m). 2. load the complete list into memory, then binary search, time is O(log(n)), space is O(n*m) I'm not sure about the complexity on tri, please correct me if they are wrong. Also are there other good approaches?

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  • Hash Table question [closed]

    - by Fatimah
    I need your help to solve this program ... Implement a separate chaining hash table that stores strings. You’ll need a hash function that converts string into an index number. Assume the strings will be lowercase words, so 26 characters will suffice.

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  • Help choosing the right data structure

    - by devoured elysium
    I need a data structure with the following requirements: Needs to be able to get elements by index (like a List). I will always just add / remove elements from the end of the structure. I am inclined to use an ArrayList. In this situation, it seems to be O(1) both to read elements (they always are?), remove elements (I only need to remove them at the end of the list) and to add(I only add to the end of the list). There is only the problem that time to time the ArrayList will have a performance penalty when it's completly full and I need to add more elements to it. Is there any other better idea? I don't think of a data structure that'd beat the ArrayList here. Thanks

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  • How to detect if breaking an edge will make a graph disjoint?

    - by the_graph_guy
    I have a graph that starts off with a single, root node. Nodes are added one by one to the graph. At node creation time, they have to be linked either to the root node, or to another node, by a single edge. Edges can also be created and deleted (one by one, between any two nodes). Nodes can be deleted one at a time. Node and edge creation, deletion operations can happen in any arbitrary order. OK, so here's my question: When an edge is deleted, is it possible do determine, in constant time (i.e. with an O(1) algorithm), if doing this will divide the graph into two disjoint subgraphs? If it will, then which side of the edge will the root node belong? I'm willing to maintain, within reasonable limits, any additional data structure that can facilitate the derivation of this information. Maybe it is not possible to do it in O(1), if so any pointers to literature will be appreciated.

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  • Pointer inside a struct / thread

    - by bruno
    Hi! I have this warning "warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type " in this line: data1->transformed_block[l] = &transformed_block[l]; - void print_message_function ( void *ptr ) { dt *data; data = (dt *) ptr; printf("Dentro da thread Numero0: %ld\n", data->L_norm_NewBlock); pthread_exit(0); } typedef struct data_thread { long L_norm_NewBlock; int Bsize_X; int Bsize_Y; int *transformed_block[MAX_LEVEL]; long L_norm_OrigBlock; } dt; void function() { int *transformed_block[MAX_LEVEL]; pthread_t thread1; dt *data1; pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_init(&attr); //Fills structure data1 = (dt *) malloc(sizeof(dt)); data1->transformed_block[l] = &transformed_block[l]; data1->L_norm_NewBlock=0; data1->Bsize_Y = Bsize_Y; data1->Bsize_X = Bsize_X; pthread_create(&thread1, &attr, (void *) &print_message_function, (void *) &data1); } I want to get rid of that warning, and the values i get inside the thread are wrong. For example data1-L_norm_NewBlock=0; in the thread guives me a differente value (not 0 like it should be).

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  • How to represent a list of points in R

    - by Guido
    I am working with a large list of points (each point has three dimensions x,y,z). I am pretty new with R, so I would like to know what is the best way to represent that kind of information. As far as I know, an array allows me to represent any multidimensional data, so currently I am using: > points<-array( c(1,2,0,1,3,0,2,4,0,2,5,0,2,7,0,3,8,0), dim=c(3,6) ) > points [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [1,] 1 1 2 2 2 3 -- x dim [2,] 2 3 4 5 7 8 -- y dim [3,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- z dim The aim is to perform some computations to calculate the euclidean distance between two sets of points (any hint in this sense would also be highly appreciated)

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  • What are real world examples of when Linked Lists should be used?

    - by oo
    Another programmer was mentioning that they haven't found a use case for using a linked list data structure in any professional software in his career. I couldn't think of any good examples off the top of my head. He is mostly a C# and Java developer Can anyone give some examples where this was the correct data structure to solve a particular real world problem? Related: What is a practical, real world example of the Linked List?

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  • Handling large (object) datasets with PHP

    - by Aron Rotteveel
    I am currently working on a project that extensively relies on the EAV model. Both entities as their attributes are individually represented by a model, sometimes extending other models (or at least, base models). This has worked quite well so far since most areas of the application only rely on filtered sets of entities, and not the entire dataset. Now, however, I need to parse the entire dataset (IE: all entities and all their attributes) in order to provide a sorting/filtering algorithm based on the attributes. The application currently consists of aproximately 2200 entities, each with aproximately 100 attributes. Every entity is represented by a single model (for example Client_Model_Entity) and has a protected property called $_attributes, which is an array of Attribute objects. Each entity object is about 500KB, which results in an incredible load on the server. With 2000 entities, this means a single task would take 1GB of RAM (and a lot of CPU time) in order to work, which is unacceptable. Are there any patterns or common approaches to iterating over such large datasets? Paging is not really an option, since everything has to be taken into account in order to provide the sorting algorithm.

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  • Reference table values in a war against magic numbers

    - by Alex N.
    This question bugged me for years now and can't seem to find good solution still. I working in PHP and Java but it sounds like this maybe language-agnostic :) Say we have a standard status reference table that holds status ids for some kind of entity. Further let's assume the table will have just 5 values, and will remain like this for a long time, maybe edited occasionally with addition of a new status. When you fetch a row and need to see what status it is you have 2 options(as I see it at least) - put it straight ID values(magic numbers that is) or use a named constant. Latter seem much cleaner, the question though is where those named constants should leave? In a model class? In a class that uses this particular constant? Somewhere else?

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  • C++ stl collections or linked lists

    - by Lucas
    I'm developing a OpenGL based simulation in C++. I'm optmizing my code now and i see throughout the code the frequently use of std:list and std:vector. What is the more performatic: to continue using C++ stl data structs or a pointer based linked list? The main operation that involve std::list and std::vector is open a iterator and loop through all items in the data structs and apply some processing

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  • How to get structure of a Google Protobuf message without the definition

    - by dqminh
    I have to get the message structure of a protobuf message transfered to me without the message's definition. Using UnknownFieldSet methods, I was able to get a string representation of the message as below: 1: "a" 2: { 3:"b" 4:"c" } What data structure does field 2 represent ? Using UnknownFieldSet.Field.getGroupList i was able to get the content of field 3 and 4, does that means field 2 has the "deprecated" group structure ?

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  • Fast data structure for small sets

    - by thr
    I'm in need for a data structure that can handle small sets (10-20 strings, at most 50, of varying length) very fast. False positives is ok, but false negatives are not. The last requirement makes bloom filters seem like a good fit, but I'm not sure about their speed, any other recommendations?

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  • How does Python store lists internally?

    - by Mike Cooper
    How are lists in python stored internally? Is it an array? A linked list? Something else? Or does the interpreter guess at the right structure for each instance based on length, etc. If the question is implementation dependent, what about the classic CPython?

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  • Array of Structs Initialization....

    - by user69514
    Hi I am working on a program where I have to initialize a deck of cards. I am using a struct to represent a card. However I'm not filling it correctly as I get a bunch of zero's when I display the deck of cards. I believe my mistake is in this line but I'm not sure: struct card temp = {"Clubs", value, false}; The code: void initCards(){ int count = 0; int location = 0; const int hand = 12; //add hearts int value=2; while( count < hand ){ struct card temp = {"Hearts", value, false}; cards[location] = temp; value++; count++; } count = 0; //add diamonts value = 2; while( count < hand ){ struct card temp = {"Diamonds", value, false}; cards[count] = temp; value++; count++; } //add spades count = 0; value = 2; while( count < hand ){ struct card temp = {"Spades", value, false}; cards[count] = temp; value++; count++; } //add clubs count = 0; value = 2; while( count < hand ){ struct card temp = {"Clubs", value, false}; cards[count] = temp; value++; count++; } //print the deck for(int i=0; i<52; i++){ cout << cards[i].type << " " << cards[i].rank << endl; } }

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  • Purely functional equivalent of weakhashmap?

    - by Jon Harrop
    Weak hash tables like Java's weak hash map use weak references to track the collection of unreachable keys by the garbage collector and remove bindings with that key from the collection. Weak hash tables are typically used to implement indirections from one vertex or edge in a graph to another because they allow the garbage collector to collect unreachable portions of the graph. Is there a purely functional equivalent of this data structure? If not, how might one be created? This seems like an interesting challenge. The internal implementation cannot be pure because it must collect (i.e. mutate) the data structure in order to remove unreachable parts but I believe it could present a pure interface to the user, who could never observe the impurities because they only affect portions of the data structure that the user can, by definition, no longer reach.

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  • Accessing any structs members at run-time.

    - by jmgunn
    Is it possible to get access to an individual member of a struct or class without knowing the names of its member variables? I would like to do an "offsetof(struct, tyname)" without having the struct name or member variable name hard coded amoungst other things. thanks.

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  • Random begining index iterator for HashSet

    - by funktku
    I use HashSet for add(); remove(); clear(); iterator(); methods. So far everything worked like a charm. However, now I need to fulfill a different requirement. I'd like to be able to start iterating from a certain index. For example, I'd like the following two programs to have same output. Program 1 Iterator it=map.iterator(); for(int i=0;i<100;i++) { it.next(); } while (it.hasNext()) { doSomethingWith(it.next()); } Program 2 Iterator it=map.iterator(100); while (it.hasNext()) { doSomethingWith(it.next()); } The reason I don't want to use the Program 1 is that it creates un-neccesary overhead. From my researchs, I couldn't not find a practical way of creating an iterator with begining index. So, my question is, what would be a good way to achieve my goal while minimizing the overheads? Thank you.

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  • c++ lists question

    - by mousey
    I want put a value from front of the list into an another list but I am getting an error. for exmaple List<int> li; List<int> li2; ............. ............. li2.push_back(li.front()); // this statement doesnt work for me. Can someone please help me. example code: list li; list li2; li.push_back(1); li.push_back(2); li.push_back(3); for(int i=0;i<3;i++) { cout<<li.front()<<endl; li2.push_back(li.pop_front()); }

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