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• Aspect Ratio on Nero 9 for burning DVD

  - by Tara

  I am currently attempting to burn a screen capture file to DVD. I will admit that I know very little about the process, the terminology, and am at a loss of how to find this information. I am using Nero 9 and am very displeased that the manuals available to me online explain very little. My current problem is that when I burn to DVD, my beautiful screen capture ends up being cropped. Through endless amounts of googling I am under the impression that this is due to aspect ratio. However, as windows will not tell me the resolution size for me to determine the correct aspect ratio I do not know how to proceed. Is there a way using Nero 9 for me to be able to burn my screen capture to DVD? Any advice or suggestions are appreciated.

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• Mysqldump causes "Too many connections"

  - by vbachev

  A scheduled backup using mysqldump on one of our databases is causing Too many connections. The database is of both InnoDB and MyISAM tables with size of around 500Mb. The Too many connections appears for about 2-3 minutes We understand that mysqldump locks the tables and causes all other queries and connections to pile up and jam the mysql server. We need frequent backups and we cannot afford server downtime or putting websites in maintenance mode while doing it. Our websites are global and traffic is high all the time so its hard to find a moment for backups. How can we avoid downtime during backups?Is there maybe a way to use mysqldump in way that it will not lock all tables at the same time?Is there an alternative to backing up with mysqldump?

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• July, the 31 Days of SQL Server DMO’s – Day 29 (sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors)

  - by Tamarick Hill

  The sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors Dynamic Management View gives you a look into the data pages that are currently in your SQL Server buffer pool. Just in case you are not familiar with some of the internals to SQL Server and how the engine works, SQL Server only works with objects that are in memory (buffer pool). When an object such as a table needs to be read and it does not exist in the buffer pool, SQL Server will read (copy) the necessary data page(s) from disk into the buffer pool and cache it. Caching takes place so that it can be reused again and prevents the need of expensive physical reads. To better illustrate this DMV, lets query it against our AdventureWorks2012 database and view the result set. SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors WHERE database_id = db_id('AdventureWorks2012') The first column returned from this result set is the database_id column which identifies the specific database for a given row. The file_id column represents the file that a particular buffer descriptor belongs to. The page_id column represents the ID for the data page within the buffer. The page_level column represents the index level of the data page. Next we have the allocation_unit_id column which identifies a unique allocation unit. An allocation unit is basically a set of data pages. The page_type column tells us exactly what type of page is in the buffer pool. From my screen shot above you see I have 3 distinct type of Pages in my buffer pool, Index, Data, and IAM pages. Index pages are pages that are used to build the Root and Intermediate levels of a B-Tree. A Data page would represent the actual leaf pages of a clustered index which contain the actual data for the table. Without getting into too much detail, an IAM page is Index Allocation Map page which track GAM (Global Allocation Map) pages which in turn track extents on your system. The row_count column details how many data rows are present on a given page. The free_space_in_bytes tells you how much of a given data page is still available, remember pages are 8K in size. The is_modified signifies whether or not a page has been changed since it has been read into memory, .ie a dirty page. The numa_node column represents the Nonuniform memory access node for the buffer. Lastly is the read_microsec column which tells you how many microseconds it took for a data page to be read (copied) into the buffer pool. This is a great DMV for use when you are tracking down a memory issue or if you just want to have a look at what type of pages are currently in your buffer pool. For more information about this DMV, please see the below Books Online link: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173442.aspx Follow me on Twitter @PrimeTimeDBA

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• Unable to install updates on 14.04 LTS

  - by Mike

  I have been getting update notifications for a few weeks now but whenever I attempt to install them I get this message; The upgrade needs a total of 74.6 M free space on disk '/boot'. Please free at least an additional 29.8 M of disk space on '/boot'. Empty your trash and remove temporary packages of former installations using 'sudo apt-get clean'. First of all I don't have permission to access /boot (don't know why as its a standalone machine and i'm the only user). Secondly, I emptied the trash; Thirdly, I launched Terminal and entered sudo apt-get clean I was a asked for a sudo password. I entered my system password. Re-entered sudo apt-get clean. The cursor stopped blinking - I assumed it was doing it's "thing". I let it go for about 10 minutes then exited Terminal. Tried to install the updates but just got the same message. Is there something i'm ignorant of? This is the output I get from the command df -h and I have no idea what it all means! @Tim, What's bash and why am I denied access to fstab and /boot? mike@mike-MS-7800:~$ /etc/fstab bash: /etc/fstab: Permission denied mike@mike-MS-7800:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 913G 11G 856G 2% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 1.7G 4.0K 1.7G 1% /dev tmpfs 335M 1.6M 333M 1% /run none 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock none 1.7G 14M 1.7G 1% /run/shm none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda2 237M 182M 43M 81% /boot /dev/sda1 487M 3.4M 483M 1% /boot/efi /dev/sr1 31M 31M 0 100% /media/mike/Optus Mobile mike@mike-MS-7800:~$ I ran this from the terminal and all is now working. dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge

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• C string question

  - by user208454

  I am writing a simple c program which reverses a string, taking the string from argv[1]. Here is the code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> char* flip_string(char *string){ int i = strlen(string); int j = 0; // Doesn't really matter all I wanted was the same size string for temp. char* temp = string; puts("This is the original string"); puts(string); puts("This is the \"temp\" string"); puts(temp); for(i; i>=0; i--){ temp[j] = string[i] if (j <= strlen(string)) { j++; } } return(temp); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ puts(flip_string(argv[1])); printf("This is the end of the program\n"); } That's basically it, the program compiles and everything but does not return the temp string in the end (just blank space). In the beginning it prints temp fine when its equal to string. Furthermore if I do a character by character printf of temp in the for loop the correct temp string in printed i.e. string - reversed. just when I try to print it to standard out (after the for loop/ or in the main) nothing happens only blank space is printed.

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• Windows 7 - Ubuntu 10.10 Dual Boot Partitioning Recommendation for HP Laptop OEM

  - by Denja

  Hi Linux Community, After been temporary impressed with the newb Windows 7 and after intensly using it I find my self struggling with the ever slow and buggy windows OS once again. It's Time to go with the Ubuntu/Linux way for a better and faster tomorrow. Unfortunately in my country most Users/Business use Windows based Systems. As a Computer technician i want to learn and use both Systems and possibly introduce New users to more affordable Linux Based Systems. For now I want to create dual-boot or even triple boot layouts on my laptop machine Here's the layout in use now: * (C:) Windows 7 system partition NTFS - 284,89GB (Primary,Boot,Pagefile,Dump) * HP_TOOLS system partition FAT32 - 99MB (Primary) * (D:) RECOVERY partition NTFS - 12,90GB (Primary) * SYSTEM partition NTFS 199MB (Primary) Here's the layout I want to make. * (C:) Windows 7 system partition NTFS - 60GB (Primary) (sda1) * (D:) Windows data partition (user files) NTFS - 60GB(Extended or Primary)(sda2);wanna share with Linux * Linux root Ext4 - 10GB (Primary)(sda3) * Linux swap swap- RAM size, 3GB (sda4) * Linux home Ext4- 164,9GB (Extended)(sda5) Question 1: Is the layout that i want to make correct as the Primary and Extended Partition concerns ? Question 2: Can I definitely get rid of SYSTEM Boot loader of windows? Question 3: If I get rid of HP_TOOLS and RECOVERY partition will it be a problem? Question 4: Based on my layout what is your suggestion for a Triple Boot layout for OSX or Puppy Linux? Thank you in advance for your advises and suggestions.

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• Make Your Clock Creates a Custom Clock for your Android Homescreen

  - by ETC

  If you’d like to create a custom clock face your Android homescreen Make Your Clock makes it easy to create a clock face with customized colors, font, display style, and more. You can create a clock that looks like a digital watch face, an old fashioned flip clock, a combination of digital output and date, and other variations. You can also adjust the size of the clock to anywhere between 1×1 to 4×2. Currently the app is limited to displaying the time and date, future releases are slated to include weather and lunar phases in addition to the time. Check out the video below to see the app in action: Make Your Clock [AppBrain via Yahoo!] Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How To Remove People and Objects From Photographs In Photoshop Ask How-To Geek: How Can I Monitor My Bandwidth Usage? Internet Explorer 9 RC Now Available: Here’s the Most Interesting New Stuff Here’s a Super Simple Trick to Defeating Fake Anti-Virus Malware How to Change the Default Application for Android Tasks Stop Believing TV’s Lies: The Real Truth About "Enhancing" Images The Legend of Zelda – 1980s High School Style [Video] Suspended Sentence is a Free Cross-Platform Point and Click Game Build a Batman-Style Hidden Bust Switch Make Your Clock Creates a Custom Clock for your Android Homescreen Download the Anime Angels Theme for Windows 7 CyanogenMod Updates; Rolls out Android 2.3 to the Less Fortunate

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• JavaScript local alias pattern

  - by Bertrand Le Roy

  Here’s a little pattern that is fairly common from JavaScript developers but that is not very well known from C# developers or people doing only occasional JavaScript development. In C#, you can use a “using” directive to create aliases of namespaces or bring them to the global scope: namespace Fluent.IO { using System; using System.Collections; using SystemIO = System.IO; In JavaScript, the only scoping construct there is is the function, but it can also be used as a local aliasing device, just like the above using directive: (function($, dv) { $("#foo").doSomething(); var a = new dv("#bar"); })(jQuery, Sys.UI.DataView); This piece of code is making the jQuery object accessible using the $ alias throughout the code that lives inside of the function, without polluting the global scope with another variable. The benefit is even bigger for the dv alias which stands here for Sys.UI.DataView: think of the reduction in file size if you use that one a lot or about how much less you’ll have to type… I’ve taken the habit of putting almost all of my code, even page-specific code, inside one of those closures, not just because it keeps the global scope clean but mostly because of that handy aliasing capability.

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• MySQL – Beginning Temporary Tables in MySQL

  - by Pinal Dave

  MySQL supports Temporary tables to store the resultsets temporarily for a given connection. Temporary tables are created with the keyword TEMPORARY along with the CREATE TABLE statement. Let us create the temporary table named Temp CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE TEMP (id INT); Now you can find out the column names using DESC command DESC TEMP; The above returns the following result This table can be accessed only for the current connection and it can be used like a permanent table and automatically dropped when the connection is closed. However, you can not find temporary tables using INFORMATION_SCHEMA. TABLES system view. It will only list out the permanent tables. MySQL usually stores the data of temporary tables in memory and processed by Memory Storage engine. But if the data size is too large MySQL automatically converts this to the on – disk table and use MyISAM engine. You can also create a permanent table with the same name of a temporary table in the same connection. However the structure of permanent table is visible only if the temporary table with the same name is dropped. Let us create a permanent table with the same name Temp as below CREATE TABLE TEMP (id INT, names VARCHAR(100)); Now running the following command stills gives you the structure of the temporary table temp created earlier. DESC TEMP; You can drop the temporary table using DROP TEMPORARY TABLE command; DROP TEMPORARY TABLE TEMP; After you executed the temporary table, run the following command DESC TEMP; Now you will see the structure of the permanent table named temp In summary – If there is a Temporary Table in MySQL it gets first priority over the permanent table in the session. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: MySQL, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• JVM memory initializazion error after windows update

  - by gianni

  We have three Windows Server 2003 with 2 GB RAM. Server1 tomcat 5.5.25 jvm version SUN 1.6.0_11-b03 Server2 tomcat 5.5.25 jvm version SUN 1.6.0_14-b08 Server3 tomcat 6.0.18 jvm version SUN 1.6.0_14-b08 For the three servers JVM parameters are: -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -Dcatalina.base=C:\Programmi\Apache Group\apache-tomcat-5.5.25 -Dcatalina.home=C:\Programmi\Apache Group\apache-tomcat-5.5.25 -Djava.endorsed.dirs=C:\Programmi\Apache Group\apache-tomcat-5.5.25\common\endorsed -Djava.io.tmpdir=C:\Programmi\Apache Group\apache-tomcat-5.5.25\temp vfprintf -Xms512m -Xmx1024m For some months everithing worked fine. Last friday we installed some windows updates. After the reboot tomcat doesnt start with error: Error occurred during initialization of VM Could not reserve enough space for object heap We reduced the parameter -Xmx1024m to -Xmx768m and now tomcat starts. But we need greater max heap size What happened to our servers ? Thanks in advance.

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• Where is the Mac Divx Web Player 7 cache folder?

  - by user30710

  Until recently, I was using Divx web player 1.4.2 because it seemed to be the least buggy. It was saving files in users/xxxxxx/movies/divx movies/temporary added files and was deleting them when the cache limit was reached. Now with 7, it's saving them alright cause I can watch my HD space go down, but I can't find them. And it's not respecting the cache limit size (mine is 4GB). The only way to clear up this space is a restart of the Mac. I'm running 10.6.8and Chrome. I've looked everywhere for the folder manually. Where is it?

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• Ubuntu VM Guest - Samba Service Not Accessible from VM Host via Hostname

  - by phalacee

  I have a Windows 7 Workstation with a Ubuntu 10.10 VM running in Virtual Box 3.2.12 r68302. I recently updated Samba and winbind, and since the update, I am unable to access the machine via it's hostname (\mystique) from the VM Host. I can access it by the "Host-only" IP (\192.168.56.101) and the DHCP Assigned IP address (\10.1.1.20) and I can connect to the webserver on the machine via it's hostname (http://mystique/). As stated, accessing this machine via it's hostname worked fine prior to the update, but has since stopped working. I have added the hostname to the smb.conf for the netbios name, to no avail. My smb.conf [global] section looks like this: workgroup = NETWORK netbios name = Mystique server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu) dns proxy = no log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 1000 syslog = 0 panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d encrypt passwords = true passdb backend = tdbsam obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = yes passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = yes map to guest = bad user usershare allow guests = yes

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• SQL User Group Events coming - Cambridge, Leeds, Manchester and Edinburgh

  - by tonyrogerson

  Neil Hambly and myself are presenting next week in Cambridge, Neil will be showing us how to use tools at hand to determine the current activity on your database servers and I'll be doing a talk around Disaster Recovery and High Availability and the options we have at hand.The User Group is growing in size and spread, there is a Southampton event planned for the 9th Dec - make sure you keep your eyes peeled for more details - the best place is the UK SQL Server User Group LinkedIn area.Want removing from this email list? Then just reply with remove please on the subject line.Cambridge SQL UG - 25th Nov, EveningEvening Meeting, More info and registerNeil Hambly on Determining the current activity of your Database Servers, Product demo from Red-Gate, Tony Rogerson on HA/DR/Scalability(Backup/Recovery options - clustering, mirroring, log shipping; scaling considerations etc.)Leeds SQL UG - 8th Dec, EveningEvening Meeting, More info and registerNeil Hambly will be talking about Index Views and Computed Columns for Performance, Tony Rogerson will be showing some advanced T-SQL techniques.Manchester SQL UG - 9th Dec, EveningEvening Meeting, More info and registerEnd of year wrap up, networking, drinks, some discussions - more info to follow soon.Edinburgh SQL UG - 9th Dec, EveningEvening Meeting, More info and registerSatya Jayanty will give an X factor for a DBAs life and Tony Rogerson will talk about SQL Server internals.Many thanks,Tony Rogerson, SQL Server MVPUK SQL Server User Grouphttp://sqlserverfaq.com

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• Game Changer Appliance for SMBs Powered by Oracle Linux

  - by Zeynep Koch

  In the November 28th CRN article  Review: Thumbs-Up On Oracle Database Appliance  , Edward F. Moltzen mentions that "The Test Center likes this appliance (Oracle Database Appliance) , for the performance and for the strong security offered by the underlying Oracle Linux in the box. It’s more than a solid offering for the SMB space; it’s potentially a game-changer as data and security needs race to keep up with the oncoming generations of technology." The Oracle Database Appliance is a new way to take advantage of the world's most popular database—Oracle Database 11g—in a single, easy-to-deploy and manage system. It's a complete package of software, server, storage, and network that's engineered for simplicity; saving time and money by simplifying deployment, maintenance, and support of database workloads. All hardware and software components are supported by a single vendor—Oracle—and offer customers unique pay-as-you-grow software licensing to quickly scale from 2 processor cores to 24 processor cores without incurring the costs and downtime usually associated with hardware upgrades. It is: Simple—Complete plug-and-go hardware and software Reliable—Advanced management features and single-vendor support Affordable—Pay-as-you-grow platform for small database consolidation The Oracle Database Appliance is a 4U rack-mountable system pre-installed with Oracle Linux and Oracle appliance manager software. Redundancy is built into all components and the Oracle appliance manager software reduces the risk and complexity of deploying highly available databases. It's perfect for consolidating OLTP and data warehousing databases up to 4 terabytes in size, making it ideal for midsize companies or departmental systems. Read more about Oracle's Database Appliance  Read more about Oracle Linux

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• trouble backing up large mysql database

  - by Patrick

  I have a wordpress MU database with something like 10,000+ tables for various user's blogs. I need to upgrade wordpress MU to newest version, but want to backup the DB before hand. PHPMyAdmin fails to even load the page when i click export. Ive tried going into the server (windows) and using dos command line: mysqldump -u USERNAME -p PASSWORD> BACKUP.sql but it hangs for a minute and gives me the error: error 23: out of resources when opinging file '.\USERNAME\wp_1037_links.MYD' (Errorcode: 24) when using LOCK Tables What am i doing wrong, or should i be doing? Is PHPMyAdmin right for something this size? Is there a better way of doing this than the two methods i tried? **Note that this is not my site, so any suggestions as to the setup of the DB ill have to run by the owner. Im just here for WP related crap, this is kind of out of scope for what i was brought on to do.

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• What can I do to give some more love and disk space to my database on Ubuntu?

  - by Yaron Naveh

  I'm new to linux. I've deployed a db to ubuntu server on amazon and found out I'm low on disk space. did df (see below) - and found out that I'm 89% capacity on one file system, but less on others. What does this mean? Do I have a few partitions and can now utilize others besides /dev/xvda1? Also /dev/xvdb seems large, is it safe to put the db in it and only use it? If so do I need to mount it or do something special? $> df -lah Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 8.0G 6.7G 914M 89% / proc 0 0 0 - /proc sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys none 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/fuse/connections none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security udev 3.7G 8.0K 3.7G 1% /dev devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts tmpfs 1.5G 164K 1.5G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /run/shm /dev/xvdb 414G 199M 393G 1% /mnt

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• Design pattern for procedural terrain assets

  - by Alex

  I'm developing a procedural terrain class at the moment and am stuck on the correct design pattern. The terrain is 2D and is constructed from a series of (x,y) points. I currently have a method that just randomly adds points to an array of points to generate a random spread of points. However I need a more elaborate system for generating the terrain. The terrain will be built form a series of re-accuring terrain structures eg. a pit, jump, hill etc. Each structure will have some randomness assigned to it, each height of hill will be random, pit size will be random etc. Each terrain structure will have: A property detailing the number of points making up that structure A method for generating the points (not absolutely necessary) My current thinking is to have a class for each terrain structure, create a fixed amount of terrain elements ahead of the player, loop over these and add the corresponding points to the game. What is the best way to create these procedural terrain structures when they are ultimately just a set of functions for generating terrain elements? Is a class for each terrain element excessive? I'm developing the game for iphone so any objective-c related answers would be welcome.

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• Good software to take a blog and format it for printing

  - by vaccano

  I have much of my family's doings on a Blogspot blog. I would like to print this out in a nice book. The actual printing I plan to just send to CostCo as Photo Prints. But I need some kind of software to reformat the posts into printable paper size sheets. I would like it if I could retain my blog's background and let me adjust how the pictures fit on the screen. Now I could do all of this with MS Publisher or Word. But I am curious if there is any other software out there that does this nice and easy. Anyone know of some cool software that will do this for me? Free is nice, but I am not above paying a modest fee for cool software. I would prefer to avoid another website that will charge for the printing as well as the converting.

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• Print full path of files and sizes with find in Linux

  - by cat pants

  Here are the specs: Find all files in / modified after the modification time of /tmp/test, exclude /proc and /sys from the search, and print the full path of the file along with human readable size. Here is what I have so far: find / \( -path /proc -o -path /sys \) -prune -o -newer /tmp/test -exec ls -lh {} \; | less The issue is that the full path doesn't get printed. Unfortunately, ls doesn't support printing the full path! And all solutions I have found that show how to print the full path suggest using find. :| Any ideas? Thanks!

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• INNODB mysql. Plugin disabled

  - by alexcunn

  When I startup mysql on my unbuntu server I will get a message. 121122 17:39:37 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 121122 17:39:37 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 121122 17:39:37 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 121122 17:39:37 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 121122 17:39:37 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M InnoDB: mmap(137363456 bytes) failed; errno 12 121122 17:39:37 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121122 17:39:37 InnoDB: Fatal error: cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool 121122 17:39:37 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error. 121122 17:39:37 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 121122 17:39:37 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB 121122 17:39:37 [ERROR] Aborting 121122 17:39:37 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete a few times I have got a message saying that the plugin is disabled. I use webmin to configure it. Could that be a problem?

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• How many hardlinks in a drive?

  - by acidzombie24

  I made a backup of one of my external drives to another. They are both NTFS filesystems. I moved ALL disk contents into a folder called a and right clicked to get file/folder/size count. They are exactly the same. However windows reports J having 1.33gb (backup) and Q: as 521mb. Now I think maybe its because of hardlinks, I must have more on J then Q. How might I figure out how many hardlinks I have in a drive?

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• Run a MongoDB configuration server without 3GB of journal files

  - by Thilo

  For a production sharded MongoDB installation we need 3 configuration servers. According to the documentation "the config server mongod process is fairly lightweight and can be ran on machines performing other work". However, in the default configuration, they all have journalling enabled, and with preallocation this takes up 3 GB of disk space. I assume that the actual data and transaction volume of a config server is quite small, so that this seems a bit too much. Is there a way to (safely!) run these config servers with much less disk use for the journal? Do I need journalling at all on config servers? Can I set the journal size to be smaller?

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• Oracle Solaris 11 ZFS Lab for Openworld 2012

  - by user12626122

  Preface This is the content from the Oracle Openworld 2012 ZFS lab. It was well attended - the feedback was that it was a little short - thats probably because in writing it I bacame very time-concious after the ASM/ACFS on Solaris extravaganza I ran last year which was almost too long for mortal man to finish in the 1 hour session. Enjoy. Table of Contents Exercise Z.1: ZFS Pools Exercise Z.2: ZFS File Systems Exercise Z.3: ZFS Compression Exercise Z.4: ZFS Deduplication Exercise Z.5: ZFS Encryption Exercise Z.6: Solaris 11 Shadow Migration Introduction This set of exercises is designed to briefly demonstrate new features in Solaris 11 ZFS file system: Deduplication, Encryption and Shadow Migration. Also included is the creation of zpools and zfs file systems - the basic building blocks of the technology, and also Compression which is the compliment of Deduplication. The exercises are just introductions - you are referred to the ZFS Adminstration Manual for further information. From Solaris 11 onward the online manual pages consist of zpool(1M) and zfs(1M) with further feature-specific information in zfs_allow(1M), zfs_encrypt(1M) and zfs_share(1M). The lab is easily carried out in a VirtualBox running Solaris 11 with 6 virtual 3 Gb disks to play with. Exercise Z.1: ZFS Pools Task: You have several disks to use for your new file system. Create a new zpool and a file system within it. Lab: You will check the status of existing zpools, create your own pool and expand it. Your Solaris 11 installation already has a root ZFS pool. It contains the root file system. Check this: root@solaris:~# zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT rpool 15.9G 6.62G 9.25G 41% 1.00x ONLINE - root@solaris:~# zpool status pool: rpool state: ONLINE scan: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM rpool ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t0d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors Note the disk device the root pool is on - c3t0d0s0 Now you will create your own ZFS pool. First you will check what disks are available: root@solaris:~# echo | format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c3t0d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 2085 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@0,0 1. c3t2d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@2,0 2. c3t3d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@3,0 3. c3t4d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@4,0 4. c3t5d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@5,0 5. c3t6d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@6,0 6. c3t7d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@7,0 Specify disk (enter its number): Specify disk (enter its number): The root disk is numbered 0. The others are free for use. Try creating a simple pool and observe the error message: root@solaris:~# zpool create mypool c3t2d0 c3t3d0 'mypool' successfully created, but with no redundancy; failure of one device will cause loss of the pool So destroy that pool and create a mirrored pool instead: root@solaris:~# zpool destroy mypool root@solaris:~# zpool create mypool mirror c3t2d0 c3t3d0 root@solaris:~# zpool status mypool pool: mypool state: ONLINE scan: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM mypool ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors Back to topExercise Z.2: ZFS File Systems Task: You have to create file systems for later exercises. You can see that when a pool is created, a file system of the same name is created: root@solaris:~# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 86.5K 2.94G 31K /mypool Create your filesystems and mountpoints as follows: root@solaris:~# zfs create -o mountpoint=/data1 mypool/mydata1 The -o option sets the mount point and automatically creates the necessary directory. root@solaris:~# zfs list mypool/mydata1 NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool/mydata1 31K 2.94G 31K /data1 Back to top Exercise Z.3: ZFS Compression Task:Try out different forms of compression available in ZFS Lab:Create 2nd filesystem with compression, fill both file systems with the same data, observe results You can see from the zfs(1) manual page that there are several types of compression available to you, set with the property=value syntax: compression=on | off | lzjb | gzip | gzip-N | zle Controls the compression algorithm used for this dataset. The lzjb compression algorithm is optimized for performance while providing decent data compression. Setting compression to on uses the lzjb compression algorithm. The gzip compression algorithm uses the same compression as the gzip(1) command. You can specify the gzip level by using the value gzip-N where N is an integer from 1 (fastest) to 9 (best compression ratio). Currently, gzip is equivalent to gzip-6 (which is also the default for gzip(1)). Create a second filesystem with compression turned on. Note how you set and get your values separately: root@solaris:~# zfs create -o mountpoint=/data2 mypool/mydata2 root@solaris:~# zfs set compression=gzip-9 mypool/mydata2 root@solaris:~# zfs get compression mypool/mydata1 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/mydata1 compression off default root@solaris:~# zfs get compression mypool/mydata2 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/mydata2 compression gzip-9 local Now you can copy the contents of /usr/lib into both your normal and compressing filesystem and observe the results. Don't forget the dot or period (".") in the find(1) command below: root@solaris:~# cd /usr/lib root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pdv /data1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pdv /data2 The copy into the compressing file system takes longer - as it has to perform the compression but the results show the effect: root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.35G 1.59G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 1.01G 1.59G 1.01G /data1 mypool/mydata2 341M 1.59G 341M /data2 Note that the available space in the pool is shared amongst the file systems. This behavior can be modified using quotas and reservations which are not covered in this lab but are covered extensively in the ZFS Administrators Guide. Back to top Exercise Z.4: ZFS Deduplication The deduplication property is used to remove redundant data from a ZFS file system. With the property enabled duplicate data blocks are removed synchronously. The result is that only unique data is stored and common componenents are shared. Task:See how to implement deduplication and its effects Lab: You will create a ZFS file system with deduplication turned on and see if it reduces the amount of physical storage needed when we again fill it with a copy of /usr/lib. root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs destroy mypool/mydata2 root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs set dedup=on mypool/mydata1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# rm -rf /data1/* root@solaris:/usr/lib# mkdir /data1/2nd-copy root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.02M 2.94G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 43K 2.94G 43K /data1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pd /data1 2142768 blocks root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.02G 1.99G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 1.01G 1.99G 1.01G /data1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pd /data1/2nd-copy 2142768 blocks root@solaris:/usr/lib#zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.99G 1.96G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 1.98G 1.96G 1.98G /data1 You could go on creating copies for quite a while...but you get the idea. Note that deduplication and compression can be combined: the compression acts on metadata. Deduplication works across file systems in a pool and there is a zpool-wide property dedupratio: root@solaris:/usr/lib# zpool get dedupratio mypool NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool dedupratio 4.30x - Deduplication can also be checked using "zpool list": root@solaris:/usr/lib# zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT mypool 2.98G 1001M 2.01G 32% 4.30x ONLINE - rpool 15.9G 6.66G 9.21G 41% 1.00x ONLINE - Before moving on to the next topic, destroy that dataset and free up some space: root@solaris:~# zfs destroy mypool/mydata1 Back to top Exercise Z.5: ZFS Encryption Task: Encrypt sensitive data. Lab: Explore basic ZFS encryption. This lab only covers the basics of ZFS Encryption. In particular it does not cover various aspects of key management. Please see the ZFS Adminastrion Manual and the zfs_encrypt(1M) manual page for more detail on this functionality. Back to top root@solaris:~# zfs create -o encryption=on mypool/data2 Enter passphrase for 'mypool/data2': ******** Enter again: ******** root@solaris:~# Creation of a descendent dataset shows that encryption is inherited from the parent: root@solaris:~# zfs create mypool/data2/data3 root@solaris:~# zfs get -r encryption,keysource,keystatus,checksum mypool/data2 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/data2 encryption on local mypool/data2 keysource passphrase,prompt local mypool/data2 keystatus available - mypool/data2 checksum sha256-mac local mypool/data2/data3 encryption on inherited from mypool/data2 mypool/data2/data3 keysource passphrase,prompt inherited from mypool/data2 mypool/data2/data3 keystatus available - mypool/data2/data3 checksum sha256-mac inherited from mypool/data2 You will find the online manual page zfs_encrypt(1M) contains examples. In particular, if time permits during this lab session you may wish to explore the changing of a key using "zfs key -c mypool/data2". Exercise Z.6: Shadow Migration Shadow Migration allows you to migrate data from an old file system to a new file system while simultaneously allowing access and modification to the new file system during the process. You can use Shadow Migration to migrate a local or remote UFS or ZFS file system to a local file system. Task: You wish to migrate data from one file system (UFS, ZFS, VxFS) to ZFS while mainaining access to it. Lab: Create the infrastructure for shadow migration and transfer one file system into another. First create the file system you want to migrate root@solaris:~# zpool create oldstuff c3t4d0 root@solaris:~# zfs create oldstuff/forgotten Then populate it with some files: root@solaris:~# cd /var/adm root@solaris:/var/adm# find . -print | cpio -pdv /oldstuff/forgotten You need the shadow-migration package installed: root@solaris:~# pkg install shadow-migration Packages to install: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No Services to change: 1 DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) Completed 1/1 14/14 0.2/0.2 PHASE ACTIONS Install Phase 39/39 PHASE ITEMS Package State Update Phase 1/1 Image State Update Phase 2/2 You then enable the shadowd service: root@solaris:~# svcadm enable shadowd root@solaris:~# svcs shadowd STATE STIME FMRI online 7:16:09 svc:/system/filesystem/shadowd:default Set the filesystem to be migrated to read-only root@solaris:~# zfs set readonly=on oldstuff/forgotten Create a new zfs file system with the shadow property set to the file system to be migrated: root@solaris:~# zfs create -o shadow=file:///oldstuff/forgotten mypool/remembered Use the shadowstat(1M) command to see the progress of the migration: root@solaris:~# shadowstat EST BYTES BYTES ELAPSED DATASET XFRD LEFT ERRORS TIME mypool/remembered 92.5M - - 00:00:59 mypool/remembered 99.1M 302M - 00:01:09 mypool/remembered 109M 260M - 00:01:19 mypool/remembered 133M 304M - 00:01:29 mypool/remembered 149M 339M - 00:01:39 mypool/remembered 156M 86.4M - 00:01:49 mypool/remembered 156M 8E 29 (completed) Note that if you had created /mypool/remembered as encrypted, this would be the preferred method of encrypting existing data. Similarly for compressing or deduplicating existing data. The procedure for migrating a file system over NFS is similar - see the ZFS Administration manual. That concludes this lab session.

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• java.lang.OutOfMemoryError on ec2 machine

  - by vinchan

  I have a java app on a large instance that will spawn up to 800 threads. I can run the application fine as user "root" but not as another user which I created. I get the deadly. java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread at java.lang.Thread.start0(Native Method) at java.lang.Thread.start(Thread.java:657) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.addWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:943) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1325) nightmare. I have tried increasing the stack size already in limits.conf to no avail. Please, help me out. What is different here for the root and other user?

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• Varnish Running VCC-compiler failed on purge

  - by FLX

  I've been following this guide which uses this default.vcl. However, when starting Varnish I get the following error: * Starting HTTP accelerator [fail] storage_malloc: max size 1024 MB. Message from VCC-compiler: Expected '(' got ';' (program line 341), at (input Line 43 Pos 22) purge; ---------------------# Running VCC-compiler failed, exit 1 VCL compilation failed Which means that there is something wrong with purge here: sub vcl_hit { if (req.request == "PURGE") { purge; error 200 "Purged."; } } I don't see anything wrong, can someone explain? Thanks!

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