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• Windows Server 2008 is stuck at "configuring updates - stage 3 of 3 - 0% complete"

  - by Chris

  This has happened the last two times I've done updates to this system, and I really have no idea what is going on. It is installing a only a month's worth of updates. It only responds to ping and no services are up, so I can't view the system remotely (I have to hook up a monitor to see this message). In the past I've just restarted the system at this point and it eventually finishes updating. I want to know what I can do to avoid this situation, how to diagnose what is going on, and how to get any kind of remote access during the updates. Edit: I can start the machine in safe mode (where I did nothing but backup some files). I restarted and it no longer tries to do a windows update, just goes to the desktop where everything seems extremely broken. I can click on some things, but not launch most programs. I guess all I can do at this point is do a system restore or something. Edit: Re-installed windows on this system yesterday. That's my usual solution to issues I don't feel like diagnosing, like this one.

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• How to optimize a postgreSQL server for a "write once, read many"-type infrastructure ?

  - by mhu

  Greetings, I am working on a piece of software that logs entries (and related tagging) in a PostgreSQL database for storage and retrieval. We never update any data once it has been inserted; we might remove it when the entry gets too old, but this is done at most once a day. Stored entries can be retrieved by users. The insertion of new entries can happen rather fast and regularly, thus the database will commonly hold several millions elements. The tables used are pretty simple : one table for ids, raw content and insertion date; and one table storing tags and their values associated to an id. User search mostly concern tags values, so SELECTs usually consist of JOIN queries on ids on the two tables. To sum it up : 2 tables Lots of INSERT no UPDATE some DELETE, once a day at most some user-generated SELECT with JOIN huge data set What would an optimal server configuration (software and hardware, I assume for example that RAID10 could help) be for my PostgreSQL server, given these requirements ? By optimal, I mean one that allows SELECT queries taking a reasonably little amount of time. I can provide more information about the current setup (like tables, indexes ...) if needed.

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• Copying files to my laptop makes them locked

  - by John

  When I save files from e.g. remote desktop or from an email (outlook) attachments, or from skype even to my local machine they show a locked Icon on the file. Then e.g. SQL Server doesn't let me restore backups as it says the operating system doesn't have access to the file. I've had success fixing this by setting the ownership of the parent folder to my user and then let it apply to sub folders. Also sometimes I need to click - Proerties - Security - Advanced - Change Permmissions, then check "change child permissions..." and apply on the parent dir. I'm using Windows 7 64 bit Proffessional, on HP Probook 4530, and I have a administrator user. This is a real pain to do everytime. I suspect it might be because of HP software that came with the laptop, I think there is drive encryption as part of the protect tools. Although I'm hoping there's something in windows i can set to change the behaviour to not lock these files.

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• MysqlTunner and query_cache_size dilemma

  - by wbad

  On a busy mysql server MySQLTuner 1.2.0 always recommends to add query_cache_size no matter how I increase the value (I tried up to 512MB). On the other hand it warns that : Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance Here are the last results: >> MySQLTuner 1.2.0 - Major Hayden <[email protected]> >> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ >> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.5.25-1~dotdeb.0-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 6G (Tables: 195) [--] Data in PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables: 0B (Tables: 17) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 51 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 1d 19h 17m 8s (254M q [1K qps], 5M conn, TX: 139B, RX: 32B) [--] Reads / Writes: 89% / 11% [--] Total buffers: 24.2G global + 92.2M per thread (1200 max threads) [!!] Maximum possible memory usage: 132.2G (139% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (2K/254M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 32% (391/1200) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 128.0M/92.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (8B cached / 0 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 79.9% (181M cached / 226M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 1033203 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (341 temp sorts / 4M sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 14% (760K on disk / 5M total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (676 created / 5M connections) [OK] Table cache hit rate: 22% (1K open / 8K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 0% (49/13K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (64M immediate / 64M locks) [OK] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 6.1G/19.5G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Reduce your overall MySQL memory footprint for system stability Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance Variables to adjust: *** MySQL's maximum memory usage is dangerously high *** *** Add RAM before increasing MySQL buffer variables *** query_cache_size (> 192M) [see warning above] The server has 76GB ram and dual E5-2650. The load is usually below 2. I appreciate your hints to interpret the recommendation and optimize the database configs.

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• Recovery disk Windows 8 HP Pavilion g6

  - by fpghost

  I recently purchased a HP Pavilion g6 laptop running Windows 8. I want to either obtain the Windows 8 ISO or make some kind of recovery disk that would allow me to restore the system if things go wrong. The HP Pavilion comes with the 'HP Recovery Manager' which I thought may do the job, but on running it and putting in a DVD-R as requested it seems to just hang for a number of hours without doing a thing (the disk sounds like it's spinning for a few minutes but then goes silent). I then tried 'recdisc.exe' but I get the error System Repair could not be created The device reported unexpected or invalid data for a command. (0xC0AA02FF) Next I obtained my Windows 8 product key using the software ProduKey thinking this would allow me to go to the Microsoft website and download the Windows 8 ISO, but as far as I can tell all that is available is the upgrade which can be used if one is running something like Windows 7. Can anyone advise? EDIT: after a reboot recdisc.exe did work; I think the problem was due to some Windows updates needing a reboot, but never the less I would like a full Windows 8 ISO if possible.

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• Undo Google Sync in chrome

  - by iamcreasy

  I didn't know that my google account wasn't in sync with my chrome for the last couple of months and now that I have link again, the restored record is several months old. Now, that I've lost all my recent bookmarks and all other stuff...is there anything or anyway so I could revert the Google sync so I can get my bookmarks back? Update 1 I have found that under C:\Users\Profile_Name\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default there is a file named Bookmarks.bak that holds the old state of my bookmarks before the sync. Update 2 Bookmarks is the file that holds the current(after sync) bookmark list. I replaced Bookmarks with Bookmarks.bak and restarted chrome, but still chrome isn't fetching information from the updated file. So, I have my old bookmark information, but how to restore it in chrome. Update 3 : solved I still couldn't figure out why replacing the bookmarks file didn't work and aparently that's the only solution available on web. I reinstalled everything and then copied the old bookmarks file. Then I got my bookmarks back again. Lession learned : Check regularly if google sync is working.

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• I (stupidly) converted a TrueCrypt encrypted disk to GPT in Disk Management: now TrueCrypt won't mount it

  - by asilentfire

  Backstory: After moving a Macrium Reflect disk image from my TrueCrypt external drive (with whole disk encryption) onto a unencrypted drive and using Windows PE with Macrium Reflect to restore my internal disk to the recovery image on the external unencrypted drive, my Windows 8 failed to boot. I then went back and also recovered the System Partition (looking now, it is currently EFI), but I still couldn't boot into my backup.. I was in a hurry to get online for something so I just did a clean install of Windows 8, without the backup.. After I installed Windows 8, I went into Disk Management out of curiosity to see if there were other partitions with Windows 8 that Macruim might have missed, and there is (by default) a Recovery Partition of 100MB. My memory of this is hazy, as I was trying to get up and running for an exam at 4 AM: Something in Disk Management prompted me to convert my encrypted external drive to GPT.. I have no idea why I did this, but I went ahead and allowed it to convert my TrueCrypt drive to GPT. Now, I can't mount the drive in TrueCrypt.. Disk Management sees it as Disk 1, Basic, and Unallocated. I tried converting it back to MBR with Disk Management, but no dice with TrueCrypt :( If I try to mount the disk in TrueCrypt I get the message: Incorrect password or not a TrueCrypt volume I should never have messed with a Truecrypt drive in Disk Management, but I did. I have important college work in that drive, and fear I have lost it forever. PLEASE HELP

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• How to fix a damaged/corrupted NTFS filesystem/partition without losing the data on it?

  - by Gareth

  I was going to install Fedora 15 along side my Windows 7 Starter on my Acer Apire One D255E and at some point during the resizing of the NTFS partition (the one with Windows on it) the setup failed. Now I cannot access this partition from any OS. When I tried to access it from a Fedora install running on a USB flashdrive I get this error: Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 12: Failed to read last sector (452534271): Invalid argument HINTS: Either the volume is a RAID/LDM but it wasn't setup yet, or it was not setup correctly (e.g. by not using mdadm --build ...), or a wrong device is tried to be mounted, or the partition table is corrupt (partition is smaller than NTFS), or the NTFS boot sector is corrupt (NTFS size is not valid). Failed to mount '/dev/sda5': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sda5' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around? It doesn't make a lot of sense to me but I was really hoping it would to someone and they can give me a way to restore the partition without losing everything on it (I have a lot of important notes from various classes on there)? Cheers.

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• Are there any other causes of this error that are NOT related to initial setup?

  - by LordScree

  I'm trying to diagnose an issue at a customer site. They are receiving the following error: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server I've seen this a few times, but only during the initial setup - it's often caused by one of the following: The database server is turned off The network connection between the database server and the application is closed or somehow blocked (e.g. a firewall) The SQL Server instance is not set up to receive remote connections from the application server (e.g. TCP is turned off, remote connections are disabled, or the "SQL Server Browser" service is stopped/disabled) However, if I assume that no configuration changes have been made, I'm trying to postulate on what the reason might be for getting this error at a random point after the initial setup. My initial thought is: SQL Server machine has run out of resources (e.g. RAM) and is unable to accept new requests from the application server Is this a valid theory? What other possible causes are there of this error that are not related to the initial setup of the server / application connection? Or is it simply impossible that this error could occur without a configuration change having been made (either on the SQL Server side, application side, or somewhere in-between (network))? NOTE: I believe this question differs from the plethora of questions related to this error message because the application and server have been talking to each other quite happily until now (most, if not all, other questions seem to relate to initial setup).

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• Exchange on SBS2003 not receiving mail, but sending via telnet works

  - by YDdraigLas

  Last week we had a problem on our SBS2003 server where our external connection dropped out and I was only able to restore it by running netsh winsock reset catalog and netsh int ip reset. Thinking all was well, I went home for the weekend and came in today to find that we haven't received any external emails since before the original problems occurred. There are plenty of examples of this on the internet, usually to do with a firewall issue, but the odd thing here is that when I connect using telnet I can send an email and it goes straight through and into my inbox. When I send an email from Gmail or Hotmail nothing comes through at all. Internal emails are also unaffected, as are outgoing emails. There have also been a couple of emails that have come through for other users, both out-of-office replies, if that's relevant. I've run the CEICW several times, checked all the NIC settings, but no joy. Before I give up trying to fix this and reinstall the whole server, has anyone come across this problem before? I have only found fleeting references to this in previous searches and no real answers. Any advice gratefully received.

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• How to get desired FireFox last tab behavior?

  - by JustJeff

  All tabs should be the same; so if any of the have a 'close' button, they all should, including the last tab. I see no reason that a tab's close button should suddenly vanish simply b/c that tab has become the last one open. If I have N tabs open, and park the mouse over the left-most tab's close button, this vanishing close button trick means now I have to make a large mouse move to get to the app's close button. Unsat. Mouse moves = too many milliseconds wasted. Closing the last tab should NOT take me to my home page, or any other page whatsoever. I want the browser to close with the last tab. I do not expect or want "new tab" behavior when I click a Close button. Now, I've gone into about:config and played with browser.tabs.closeWindoWithLastTab, but this setting oversteps its purpose; while it does make the browser close, for some inexplicable reason, it also suppresses the last tab's close button! I have tried the "last tab close button" add-on, and while this does restore the close button, the add-on oversteps by taking the liberty of turning closeWindowWithLastTab off. Is there some way out of this pickle? Is it too hard to just code things to provide simple, orthogonal actions, so that everybody can config the UI to their liking, and not just to a few pre-fab configurations that the developers think everyone should like? Btw, FF 13.0.1 on ms windows

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• Server format & Reinstall while keeping Server & domain ID

  - by Chris

  Hi Everyone, I want to reinstall my 2008 R2 server from scratch, due to multiple Active Dir issues. I have only 1 server running AD and a spare machine to use if necessary. Is there a way to save just the user accounts and the domain SID, so that I can start with a clean server that uses the same name as before? I can reassign file security, but I do not want to have to rejoin all the users to a new domain. Also all users are mapped to folders on the server. What I hope to do is a clean install of the server without having to mess with the users machines. can someone please tell me the procedure to accomplish this? any help appreciated! Thanks guys, but I could be here all day telling you every error I am getting. can we please keep this to the question of how to do a reinstall and keep the same SID? I just want to start over without having to rejoin all the clients to a new domain. Is there such a tool that can backup the Server SID and the AD domain name so that I could restore them, without restoring any other data? I might not be using the correct terminology here, but hopefully you understand what I am asking. Thanks

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• Hyper-V vss-writer not making current copies [migrated]

  - by Martinnj

  I'm using diskshadow to backup live Hyper-V machines on a Windows 2008 server. The backup consists of 3 scripts, the first will create the shadow copies and expose them, the second uses robocopy to copy them to a remote location and the third unexposes the shadow copies again. The first script – the one that runs correctly but fails to do what it's supposed to: # DiskShadow script file to backup VM from a Hyper-V host # First, delete any shadow copies of the drives. System Drives needs to be included. Delete Shadows volume C: Delete Shadows volume D: Delete Shadows volume E: #Ensure that shadow copies will persist after DiskShadow has run set context persistent # make sure the path already exists set verbose on begin backup add volume D: alias VirtualDisk add volume C: alias SystemDrive # verify the "Microsoft Hyper-V VSS Writer" writer will be included in the snapshot # NOTE: The writer GUID is exclusive for this install/machine, must be changed on other machines! writer verify {66841cd4-6ded-4f4b-8f17-fd23f8ddc3de} create end backup # Backup is exposed as drive X: make sure your drive letter X is not in use Expose %VirtualDisk% X: Exit The next is just a robocopy and then an unexpose. Now, when I run the above script, I get no errors from it, except that the "BITS" writer has been excluded because none of its components are included. That's okay because I really only need the Hyper-V writer. Also I double checked the GUID for the writer, it's correct. During the time when the Hyper-V writer becomes active, 2 things will happen on the guest machines: The Debian/Linux machine will go to a saved state and restore when done, all fine. The Windows guests will "creating vss snapshop-sets" or something similar. Then X: gets exposed and I can copy the .vhd files over. The problem is, for some reason, the VHD files I get over seems to be old copies, they miss files, users and updates that are on the actual machines. I also tried putting the machines in a saved sate manually, didn't change the outcome. I hope someone here has an idea of how to solve this.

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• How to add a writable folder to the PHP document root on linux

  - by Ron Whites

  We are building an example bash script for our PHP TestCoverage Tool use on Linux. The development environment is Ubuntu 12.04_1 but we intend to have the linux example work across as many linux versions as possible without modification. The example linux script requires a variable be set to the PHP Document Root path and by default uses a small PHP example source to show the user how our GUI and text report shows the covered and uncovered PHP code areas. The linux script is also intended to be easily alterable by the user to automate the TestCoverage display of users PHP code. The problem we are having with Ubuntu 12.04 (any linux?) is that the PHP Apache2 document root is defined in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default as /var/www and /var/www is defaulted with "drwxr-xr-x" read only access. So in order to add our own folder as /var/www/SDTestCoverage we must change /var/www to "drwxrwxrwx" read-write access. So it seems our script (at least on Ubuntu) will need to ... 1. acquire and save the /var/www permissions then do .. 2. sudo chmod 777 /var/www (to make writable) 3. mkdir -p /var/www/SDTestCoverage (create our folder under the document root) 4. sudo chmod 777 /var/www/SDTestCoverage (make our subfolder writable) 5. and finally restore /var/www permissions Thanks and our Questions are .. 1. Is this the standard way (using Ubuntu) one adds a writable folder under the PHP Document Root? 2. Is this the most general purpose way one adds a writable folder under the PHP Document Root on other versions of Linux?

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• Why are all of my ZFS snapshot directories empty?

  - by growse

  I'm running an Oracle 11 box as a ZFS storage appliance, and I'm taking regular snapshots of the ZFS filesystems, via cron. In the past, I know that if I wanted to grab a particular file from a snapshot, a read-only copy was kept in .zfs/snapshot/{name}/ and I could just navigate there and pull the file out. This is documented on Oracle's website. However, I went to do this the other day, and noticed that the ZFS directories within the snapshot directories are all empty. zfs list -t snapshot correctly shows the list of snapshots that should be present, and .zfs/snapshots correctly contains a directory for each snapshot, and in each snapshot there is a directory present for each ZFS filesystem. However, these directories appear to be empty. I just tested a restore by touching a file in a little-used share and rolling back to the latest hourly snapshot, and this appears to have worked fine. So the rollback functionality is there. Did Oracle change how snapshots are done? Or is something seriously wrong here?

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• DBCC CHECKDB fails and quits job, ambiguous error message.

  - by ddono25

  I received a notice that one of our servers' DBCC CHECKDB for all databases has been failing the past four times it has been run. We don't have any data prior to that, but it doesn't look like it has been succeeding for awhile. There are no errors in the log file only: DBCC results for 'sys.sysxmlfacet'. [SQLSTATE 01000] Msg 0, Sev 0, State 1: Unspecified error occurred on SQL Server. Connection may have been terminated by the server. [SQLSTATE HY000] There are 112 rows in 1 pages for object "sys.sysxmlfacet". [SQLSTATE 01000] I ran a DBCC CHECKDB using sp_MSForEachDB to get more accurate results and had the same error on the same DB but at a separate point: DBCC results for 'NameValuePair_Greek_CI_AS'. [SQLSTATE 01000] Msg 0, Sev 0, State 1: Unspecified error occurred on SQL Server. Connection may have been terminated by the server. [SQLSTATE HY000] There are 0 rows in 0 pages for object "NameValuePair_Greek_CI_AS". [SQLSTATE 01000] Also, the error-log states that the DBCC completed without errors for this database. I can't figure out how to track down this ambiguous issue that only happens on this database out of the dozens on this server. Any help is appreciated!

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• Unnamed, hidden partitions on my 500 GB HD, HP Pavilion dm4 Laptop

  - by emotionull

  I have multiple doubts here. Its a Seagate 500GB 7200RPM HD. I had installed it few months back after my original Laptop HD stopped working. The current drives on my latop, as shown by the Windows Disk Management are: After installing the new HD, I had done a complete clean install of Windows 7 and I didn't create any parition myself, manually. So there are 4 drives. Even previously, before I installed this new HD, my laptop had 4 Partitions. But the there were no un-named partitions like the two in this case. The other two were HP tools and Recovery or something. It was pre-configured, Factory installed Windows. Also, now when I right cick on the unnamed Drives from Disk Management, all the options are greyed out (see image) except the delete partition image. So how do I know what's inside those partitions? Will it be ok if I delete them? I want install Ubuntu and dual boot it with my current windows installation. I cannot do it in current setup as there are already 4 partitions of my HD and if I will try to make a new partition, it will be a logical one (correct me if I am wrong here). So can I delete the un-named, hidden partitions and use them for Ubuntu? A bit unrelated question. As a backup option, can I use the Windows 7's Backup and Restore facility to keep a complete backup of all the drivers and system softwares.

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• connections in FIN_WAIT and CLOSE_WAIT state

  - by Raj

  I would like to elaborate the setup so You guys can understand the question and answer more accurately. I have HAProxy as load-balancer, 4 webservers (apache 2.2.3) and one database server (MySQL 5). I am monitoring these servers by nagios. I have disabled the keepalive on apache as we have only 8GB of memory. Now what happens whenever I receive alerts for high memory and cpu utilization, I have observed that the connections from apache to database server hang in established mode (keepalive with timeout value of 7200) and at other side means connections between haproxy and apache shows status as FIN_WAIT on haproxy server and CLOSE_WAIT at apache side. I also see the huge memory swapping and apache taking the most of the memory. I did strace on apache process and did not find any information. strace gets attached to apache process but did not produce any output. The processlist on Mysql server show s those processes in sleep mode. The application on webserver is Magento a php application. if you need further information please let me know. Thanks.

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• MySQL : table organisation for very large sets with high update frequency

  - by Remiz

  I'm facing a dilemma in the choice of my MySQL schema application. So before I start here is a picture extremely simplified of my database : Schema here : http://i43.tinypic.com/2wp5lxz.png In one sentence : for each customer, the application harvest text data and attached tags to each data collected. As approximation of the usage of each table, here is what I expect : customer : ~5000, shouldn't grow fast data : 5 millions per customer, could double or triple for big customers. tag : ~1000, quite fixed size data_tag : hundred of millions per customer easily. Each data can be tagged a lot. The harvesting process is permanent, that means that around every 15 minutes new data come and are tagged, that require a very constant index refreshing. A lot of my queries are a SELECT COUNT of DATA between specific DATES and tagged with a specific TAG on a specific CUSTOMER (very rarely it will involve several customers). Here is the situation, you can imagine with this kind of volume of data I'm facing a challenge in term of data organization and indexing. Again, it's a very minimalistic and simplified version of my structure. My question is, is it better: to stick with this model and to manage crazy index optimization ? (which involves potentially having billions of rows in the data_tag table) change the schema and use one data table and one data_tag table per customer ? (which involves having 5000 tables on my database) I'm running all of this on a MySQL 5.0 dedicated server (quad-core, 8Go of ram) replicated. I only use InnoDB, I also have another server that run Sphinx. So knowing all of this, I can't wait to hear your opinion about this. Thanks.

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• RAIDs with a lot of spindles - how to safely put to use the "wasted" space

  - by kubanczyk

  I have a fairly large number of RAID arrays (server controllers as well as midrange SAN storage) that all suffer from the same problem: barely enough spindles to keep the peak I/O performance, and tons of unused disk space. I guess it's a universal issue since vendors offer the smallest drives of 300 GB capacity but the random I/O performance hasn't really grown much since the time when the smallest drives were 36 GB. One example is a database that has 300 GB and needs random performance of 3200 IOPS, so it gets 16 disks (4800 GB minus 300 GB and we have 4.5 TB wasted space). Another common example are redo logs for a OLTP database that is sensitive in terms of response time. The redo logs get their own 300 GB mirror, but take 30 GB: 270 GB wasted. What I would like to see is a systematic approach for both Linux and Windows environment. How to set up the space so sysadmin team would be reminded about the risk of hindering the performance of the main db/app? Or, even better, to be protected from that risk? The typical situation that comes to my mind is "oh, I have this very large zip file, where do I uncompress it? Umm let's see the df -h and we figure something out in no time..." I don't put emphasis on strictness of the security (sysadmins are trusted to act in good faith), but on overall simplicity of the approach. For Linux, it would be great to have a filesystem customized to cap I/O rate to a very low level - is this possible?

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• 64-bit Windows 7 gets stuck on logo screen on bootup

  - by Richard B

  I've had a PC running Windows 7 in my office which I'm not using at the moment (cause I'm working elsewhere as a consultant atm), I'm only accessing the PC using Team Viewer (http://www.teamviewer.com/) which means the PC has been running for quite some time now. I've restarted it maybe twice a week though. A few days ago I couldn't access it using Team Viewer and when I got to the office the screen was black with only the mouse pointer showing. The PC has four hard disks, three of them (all 1Tb) is using RAID 5. This is what I've done so far: I reboot and everything seems to load correctly. I get to a screen that gives me two choices - boot Windows normally or perform a startup repair. Choosing to boot Windows only gets me to the Windows 7 logo screen which only animates over and over again. Choosing to repair gets me to the repair screen that "checks for problems" and then it gets stuck on the "Attempting repairs..."-screen (I let it run for about 24 hours before giving up). What is the next step to take? I don't have any backups and no system restore points saved. I can access files and folders through a terminal window using a Windows 7 DVD so I guess nothing is lost yet... Please help me, thanks!

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• Backing up 80G hard drive 1G per day

  - by barrycarter

  I want to securely backup my 80G HD, but doing a complete backup takes forever and slows down my machine, so I want to backup just 1G per day. Details: % First hurdle: on the first day, I want to backup the "first" 1G of the hard drive. Of course, there really is no "first" 1G on a hard drive. % After 80 days, I'll have my whole HD backed up... assuming none of my files ever change, which of course they do. So the backup plan/program must also catch file creation/changes as they come along. % The backups must be consistent, in that I can restore my system by restoring the backups sequentially. In other words, "dd if=/harddrive" probably won't work. % The backups should encrypt file contents AND names, but I don't see this as a major hurdle. % Once the backup has backed up everything (even changed files), it can re-backup the first 1G on my hard drive. Even though this backup is redundant, that's OK, because I always want to be backing up something (eg, if I'm backing up to optical media, the older media might start going corrupt). Is there a magic backup plan/program that does this? In reality, I want to do this for multiple machines with multiple drives each, but think that solving the above will solve the general case.

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• How can I document and automate a system's configuration?

  - by Diomidis Spinellis

  Having a system's configuration represented by its current state is risky, inefficient, and opaque. At some point you may be left with an unsupported system and no upgrade path. Then configuring a new system compatible with the old is a process or trial and error. Furthermore, if at some point the system is damaged the only option is to go back to the most recent full backup, and try to remember what changes followed from that point. Also, the only way to create a system compatible with the original is through a complete dump/restore. Finally, in such a setup there's no way to know how you solved a particular problem; the only thing you can do is to look at the corresponding configuration files and try to guess what you changed to achieve the desired effect. Currently for each system I maintain, I keep a log file where I record all system administration activity, starting from the installation: installation options, added packages, changes in configuration files, updates, problem fixes etc. In theory this allows me to (manually) replay all changes to arrive at the current state, or to unroll an erroneous change by executing the reverse commands. However, this process is also inefficient, error-prone, and relies on human judgment. Another thing I've tried is to put /etc configuration files under version control with git. This helps me document the changes automatically and also apply them on a clean setup. But it's not without problems: git has to run under sudo, passwords and private keys may be stored in the repository, installed packages can't be meaningfully tracked, and git will have a fit if I try to extend this approach to all the system's directories. I've also thought about performing all changes through shell scripts or makefiles, but I think this process will require a lot of effort and will be fragile. Are there some better methods or tools that I'm missing?

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• Gnome 3 application Icons disappeared

  - by robin.koch

  I edited my main menu settings (unchecked items inside a sub menu) when it happened that the window freezed and all entries on the left side disappeared (Office, System, Settings, Games, ...). I didn't think much about it, but when I restarted my computer all application entries in my menu and my favorites (quickstart bar on the left side) where gone. When I go to activities - applications I just see the "All" entry without any items to click on. ~/.config/menu/gnome-applications.menu is an empty file and ~/.config/menu/gnome-settings.menu has the folowing content: <!DOCTYPE Menu PUBLIC '-//freedesktop//DTD Menu 1.0//EN' 'http://standards.freedesktop.org/menu-spec/menu-1.0.dtd'> <Menu> <Name>Desktop</Name> <MergeFile type="parent">/etc/xdg/menus/gnome-settings.menu</MergeFile> </Menu> I also looked into the files under /etc/xdg/menus. They look like template files without any reference to actual installed programs. I assume that due to a bug it deleted all my menu settings. Is there any way to restore at least the default menu? Or are there any other places to look for my old configuration?

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• UEFI boot options gone

  - by user1797930

  I ran into some issues booting Windows after trying to make a complete backup of the disc. After searching for information about some of the error codes, I found advise to change some BIOS settings, but instead I thought I would just "restore defaults" to make sure all settings were set as originally intended. After doing so, all UEFI boot options except for "Windows Boot Manager" are gone. That means, including the CD/DVD drive, so I cannot even boot from a recovery DVD anymore - and as explained, Windows is not able to boot either. Do you have any advice? When I added a secondary drive originally, it was automatically added to the boot options menu. Even when removing and re-adding the drive physically, the option does not appear again. I have tried unplugging power, and hold down start button for 10 seconds, and boot afterwards - no change. It's a laptop so removing CMOS battery is not an option. I have read information that it is an issue with data removed from NVRAM, but I am unable to find a way to recover it. "Add new boot options" requires a path - but the CD/DVD was originally available without any CD's in the drive - so there is no path available to add the drive. I did try to open EFI shell, but it seems not to be embedded in the UEFI/BIOS. It just says "not found". I'm really lost here - any advice is appreciated.

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