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• where to store temporary data in MVC 2.0 project

  - by StuffHappens

  Hello! I'm starting to learn MVC 2.0 and I'm trying to create a site with a quiz: user is asked a question and given several options of answer. If he chooses the right answer he gets some points, if he doesn't, he looses them. I tried to do this the following way public class HomeController : Controller { private ITaskGenerator taskGenerator = new TaskGenerator(); private string correctAnswer; public ActionResult Index() { var task = taskGenerator .GenerateTask(); ViewData["Task"] = task.Task; ViewData["Options"] = task.Options; correctAnswer= task.CorrectAnswer; return View(); } public ActionResult Answer(string id) { if (id == correctAnswer) return View("Correct") return View("Incorrect"); } } But I have a problem: when user answers the cotroller class is recreated and I loose correct answer. So what is the best place to store correct answer? Should I create a static class for this purpose? Thanks for your help!

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• declare decision structure inside of a System.out.println

  - by user2899249

  So I am working on an assignment where I have to have a print method in a constructor that displays a distance. I also have to have three separate get methods depending on what the input is in the demo class. My question is that I am trying to write the print method to contain a decision structure based on which get is used. public void prt() { DecimalFormat formatter = new DecimalFormat("#,##0.00"); System.out.println("The time it takes the sound to travel " + distance + " feet through air is " + if (getSpeedInAir() > 0) { formatter.format(getSpeedInAir()); } else if (getSpeedInWater() > 0) { formatter.format(getSpeedInWater()); } else if (getSpeedInSteel() > 0) { formatter.format(getSpeedInSteel()); } else "error";) } After trying to compile I am getting the following errors. Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601] Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. C:\Users\GlaDOS\Desktop\JavaStuffj Speed C:\Users\GlaDOS\Desktop\JavaStuffdel *.class C:\Users\GlaDOS\Desktop\JavaStuffjavac Speed.java Speed.java:43: error: illegal start of expression " feet through air is " + if (getSpeedInAir() 0) ^ Speed.java:43: error: ';' expected " feet through air is " + if (getSpeedInAir() 0) ^ Speed.java:43: error: not a statement " feet through air is " + if (getSpeedInAir() 0) ^ Speed.java:43: error: ';' expected " feet through air is " + if (getSpeedInAir() 0) ^ Speed.java:47: error: 'else' without 'if' else if (getSpeedInWater() > 0) ^ Speed.java:56: error: not a statement "error";) ^ Speed.java:56: error: illegal start of expression "error";) ^ 7 errors C:\Users\GlaDOS\Desktop\JavaStuffjava Speed Error: Could not find or load main class Speed Any help on why this is happening would be greatly appreciated.

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• reverse many to many fields in Django + count them

  - by cleliodpaula

  I'm trying to figure out how to solve this class Item(models.Model): type = models.ForeignKey(Type) name = models.CharField(max_lenght = 10) ... class List(models.Model): items = models.ManyToManyField(Item) ... I want to count how many an Item appears in another Lists, and show on template. view def items_by_list(request, id_): list = List.objects.get(id = id_) qr = list.items.all() #NOT TESTED num = [] i = 0 for item in qr: num[i] = List.objects.filter(items__id = item__id ).count() #FINISH NOT TESTED c = {} c.update(csrf(request)) c = {'request':request, 'list' : qr, 'num' : num} return render_to_response('items_by_list.html', c, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) template {% for dia in list %} <div class="span4" > <div> <h6 style="color: #9937d8">{{item.type.description}}</h6> <small style="color: #b2e300">{{ item.name }}</small> <small style="color: #b2e300">{{COUNT HOW MANY TIMES THE ITEM APPEAR ON OTHER LISTS}}</small> </div> {% endfor %} This seems to be easy, but I could not implement yet. If anyone has some glue to me, please help me. Thanks in advance.

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• Copy object using pointer (templates)

  - by Azodious

  How the push_back of stl::vector is implemented so it can make copy of any datatype .. may be pointer, double pointer and so on ... I'm implementing a template class having a function push_back almost similar to vector. Within this method a copy of argument should be inserted in internal memory allocated memory. but the argument is a pointer. (an object pointer). Can you pls tell how to create copy from pointer. so that if i delete the pointer in caller still the copy exists in my template class? Code base is as follows: template<typename T> class Vector { public: void push_back(const T& val_in) { T* a = *(new T(val_in)); m_pData[SIZE++] = a; } } Caller: Vector<MyClass*> v(3); MyClass* a = new MyClass(); a->a = 0; a->b = .5; v.push_back(a); delete a; Thanks.

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• Is method reference caching a good idea in Java 8?

  - by gexicide

  Consider I have code like the following: class Foo { Y func(X x) {...} void doSomethingWithAFunc(Function<X,Y> f){...} void hotFunction(){ doSomethingWithAFunc(this::func); } } Consider that hotFunction is called very often. Would it then be advisable to cache this::func, maybe like this: class Foo { Function<X,Y> f = this::func; ... void hotFunction(){ doSomethingWithAFunc(f); } } As far as my understanding of java method references goes, the Virtual Machine creates an object of an anonymous class when a method reference is used. Thus, caching the reference would create that object only once while the first approach creates it on each function call. Is this correct? Should method references that appear at hot positions in the code be cached or is the VM able to optimize this and make the caching superfluous? Is there a general best practice about this or is this highly VM-implemenation specific whether such caching is of any use?

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• How to make buttons in python/pygame?

  - by user1334014

  I'm making a game in pygame and on the first screen I want there to be buttons that you can press to (i) start the game, (ii) load a new screen with instructions, and (iii) exit the program. I've found this code online for button making, but I don't really understand it (I'm not that good at object oriented programming). If I could get some explanation as to what it's doing that would be great. Also, when I use it and try to open a file on my computer using the file path, I get the error sh: filepath :Permission denied, which I don't know how to solve. #load_image is used in most pygame programs for loading images def load_image(name, colorkey=None): fullname = os.path.join('data', name) try: image = pygame.image.load(fullname) except pygame.error, message: print 'Cannot load image:', fullname raise SystemExit, message image = image.convert() if colorkey is not None: if colorkey is -1: colorkey = image.get_at((0,0)) image.set_colorkey(colorkey, RLEACCEL) return image, image.get_rect() class Button(pygame.sprite.Sprite): """Class used to create a button, use setCords to set position of topleft corner. Method pressed() returns a boolean and should be called inside the input loop.""" def __init__(self): pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) self.image, self.rect = load_image('button.png', -1) def setCords(self,x,y): self.rect.topleft = x,y def pressed(self,mouse): if mouse[0] > self.rect.topleft[0]: if mouse[1] > self.rect.topleft[1]: if mouse[0] < self.rect.bottomright[0]: if mouse[1] < self.rect.bottomright[1]: return True else: return False else: return False else: return False else: return False def main(): button = Button() #Button class is created button.setCords(200,200) #Button is displayed at 200,200 while 1: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() if button.pressed(mouse): #Button's pressed method is called print ('button hit') if __name__ == '__main__': main() Thank you to anyone who can help me.

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• Templates, Function Pointers and C++0x

  - by user328543

  One of my personal experiments to understand some of the C++0x features: I'm trying to pass a function pointer to a template function to execute. Eventually the execution is supposed to happen in a different thread. But with all the different types of functions, I can't get the templates to work. #include `<functional`> int foo(void) {return 2;} class bar { public: int operator() (void) {return 4;}; int something(int a) {return a;}; }; template <class C> int func(C&& c) { //typedef typename std::result_of< C() >::type result_type; typedef typename std::conditional< std::is_pointer< C >::value, std::result_of< C() >::type, std::conditional< std::is_object< C >::value, std::result_of< typename C::operator() >::type, void> >::type result_type; result_type result = c(); return result; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { // call with a function pointer func(foo); // call with a member function bar b; func(b); // call with a bind expression func(std::bind(&bar::something, b, 42)); // call with a lambda expression func( [](void)->int {return 12;} ); return 0; } The result_of template alone doesn't seem to be able to find the operator() in class bar and the clunky conditional I created doesn't compile. Any ideas? Will I have additional problems with const functions?

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• best PHP programming approach?

  - by Nazmin

  Hello guys, i guess that many of us has acceptable years of experience in PHP programming, me myself got 5 years programming in PHP since in University (not very solid), i just want to gather some suggestion here, what is better approach in PHP OOP? Since there is a lot of PHP framework out there as well as javascript framework, can anyone share their experience in using one of them as well as using both of the PHP and javascript framework together especially for developing enterprise system? (my company want to start using framework, ISP company) if someone has his/her own framework or class or php file so on and so forth, mind to share? now I've only database connection class. I've never use any php framework before, just jquery as javascript framework, my company has a messed up of programming approach because they did not actually a software house, so all the files are scattered across the server, I see that there are some question before about the framework but i just want to know you all approaches on OOP and in developing massive web apps using PHP, or maybe someone kind enough to share their solid written class. Also pro's and con's of all this things. Thanks in advance.

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• JQUERY - how Two elements - IMG - DIV when hover over IMG show/hide the DIV - added with hover hide/

  - by Jan Fosgerau

  Im very new to the wonder that is jquery. and i just figure out how to make my img buttons show/hide with a opacity difference (as such) <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[ $(".ExcommKnap").mouseover(function () { $(this).stop().fadeTo('fast', 0.5, function(){}) }); $(".ExcommKnap").mouseout(function () { $(this).stop().fadeTo('fast', 1.0, function(){}) }); ]]> </script> which is good and all. but i also need to make the button when hovered over show text just above it that is specific to that button. i made these here elements that are looped in a for each. <div style="top:10px; width:755px;text-align:right; position:absolute; "> <div id="Page-{@id}" class="headlinebox"> <xsl:value-of select="@nodeName"/> </div> </div> <a href="{umbraco.library:NiceUrl(@id)}"> <img class="ExcommKnap" src="{$media/data[@alias='umbracoFile']}" /> </a> i need to make the individual text appear when hovered over its button. hence i have the id="page-{@id}" looped out along and need to get this place in the jquery code i presume. so when i hover over a img class="ExcommKnap" it makes the correct text visible. But i need the div id="page-{id}" to be invisible to begin with on pageload and then visible when its button is being hovered over. can anyone help ?

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• PHP 5.3 and interface \ArrayAccess

  - by Jakub Lédl

  I'm now working on a project and I have one class that implements the ArrayAccess interface. Howewer, I'm getting an error that says that my implementation: must be compatible with that of ArrayAccess::offsetSet(). My implementation looks like this: public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { if (!is_string($offset)) { throw new \LogicException("..."); } $this->params[$offset] = $value; } So, to me it looks like my implementation is correct. Any idea what is wrong? Thanks very much! The class look like this: class HttpRequest implements \ArrayAccess { // tons of private variables, methods for working // with current http request etc. Really nothing that // could interfere with that interface. // ArrayAccess implementation public function offsetExists($offset) { return isset ($this->params[$offset]); } public function offsetGet($offset) { return isset ($this->params[$offset]) ? $this->params[$offset] : NULL; } public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { if (!is_string($offset)) { throw new \LogicException("You can only assing to params using specified key."); } $this->params[$offset] = $value; } public function offsetUnset($offset) { unset ($this->params[$offset]); } }

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• How to have variables with dynamic data types in Java?

  - by Nazgulled

  Hi, I need to have a UserProfile class that it's just that, a user profile. This user profile has some vital user data of course, but it also needs to have lists of messages sent from the user friends. I need to save these messages in LinkedList, ArrayList, HashMap and TreeMap. But only one at a time and not duplicate the message for each data structure. Basically, something like a dynamic variable type where I could pick the data type for the messages. Is this, somehow, possible in Java? Or my best approach is something like this? I mean, have 2 different classes (for the user profile), one where I host the messages as Map<K,V> (and then I use HashMap and TreeMap where appropriately) and another class where I host them as List<E> (and then I use LinkedList and ArrayList where appropriately). And probably use a super class for the UserProfile so I don't have to duplicate variables and methods for fields like data, age, address, etc... Any thoughts?

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• operator overloading and inheritance

  - by user168715

  I was given the following code: class FibHeapNode { //... // These all have trivial implementation virtual void operator =(FibHeapNode& RHS); virtual int operator ==(FibHeapNode& RHS); virtual int operator <(FibHeapNode& RHS); }; class Event : public FibHeapNode { // These have nontrivial implementation virtual void operator=(FibHeapNode& RHS); virtual int operator==(FibHeapNode& RHS); virtual int operator<(FibHeapNode& RHS); }; class FibHeap { //... int DecreaseKey(FibHeapNode *theNode, FibHeapNode& NewKey) { FibHeapNode *theParent; // Some code if (theParent != NULL && *theNode < *theParent) { //... } //... return 1; } }; Much of FibHeap's implementation is similar: FibHeapNode pointers are dereferenced and then compared. Why does this code work? (or is it buggy?) I would think that the virtuals here would have no effect: since *theNode and *theParent aren't pointer or reference types, no dynamic dispatch occurs and FibHeapNode::operator< gets called no matter what's written in Event.

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• PHP: Check if 0?

  - by tarnfeld

  Hi, I am using a class which returns me the value of a particular row and cell of an excel spreadsheet. To build up an array of one column I am counting the rows and then looping through that number with a for() loop and then using the $array[] = $value to set the incrementing array object's value. This works great if none of the values in a cell are 0. The class returns me a number 0 so it's nothing to do with the class, I think it's the way I am looping through the rows and then assigning them to the array... I want to carry through the 0 value because I am creating graphs with the data afterwards, here is the code I have. // Get Rainfall $rainfall = array(); for($i=1;$i<=$count;$i++) { if($data->val($i,2) != 'Rainfall') // Check if not the column title { $rainfall[] = $data->val($i,2); } } For your info $data is the excel spreadsheet object and the method $data->val(row,col) is what returns me the value. In this case I am getting data from column 2. Screenshot of spreadsheet http://cl.ly/1Dmy Thanks! All help is very much appreciated!

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• Setting Cursor property has no effect (C#)

  - by Knarf Navillus

  Hello, I have a class that I've derived from System.Windows.Forms.Panel, and my application has a main form with one of these panels. On the whole, the panel works great! The only thing I'm having trouble with is setting the cursor. Whether I'm setting it to one of the static members of the Cursors class (Default, WaitCursor, etc.) or setting it to a custom cursor that I've loaded from a resource, the end result is the same: it does nothing. I still see the default mouse pointer, no matter what. This line of code is inside a method of my panel-derived class: this.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor; I can set a break point there, and see that this line is being hit when I expect it to. I've also created an override for the OnCursorChanged method, and set a breakpoint in there just to see if it's being triggered. I can verify that both breakpoints are being hit when I expect them to. However, the cursor just never changes. There must be something that I'm missing. Does anyone have any ideas? P.S. I also did try setting Current.Cursor as well, however that did not help.

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• Margin for select option in IE and chrome is not working

  - by Sardor

  I am setting a css class to some select options in JS. This class includes margin style. It is working in the FF but not in IE and chrome. window.onload = function() { replace('edit-field-region-tid'); replace('edit-tid'); } function replace(id) { var i = 0; var s = document.getElementById(id); for (i; i < s.options.length; i++) { if (find(s.options[i].text, id, i)) { s.options[i].setAttribute("class", "sub_options"); } } } function find(str, id, option_id) { var i; var s = document.getElementById(id); for (i = 0; i < str.length; i++) { if (str.charAt(i) == '-') { s.options[option_id].text = str.cutAt(0, ""); return true; } } return false; } String.prototype.cutAt = function(index, char) { return this.substr(index+1, this.length); } And CSS: .sub_options{ margin-left:20px; text-indent:-2px; } Any ideas thanks!

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• Mapping element via joining table with NHibernate

  - by NhibernateIdiot

  This is stuff ive done lots of times before but my mind is just blanking at the moment, i will try and give a simple overview of my current situation. I currently have 3 tables as shown below: Office > id, name Person > id, name Office_Personnel > office_id, person_id I then have a model for Person (id, name) and Office, however the Office model contains personnel information: public class Office { int Id {get;set;} string Name {get;set;} ICollection<Person> Personnel {get;set;} } Mapping person is easy, but now im a bit stumped as to why office wont map properly. I chose to use a set when I was mapping the Personnel as there shouldn't be any duplicates, however it doesn't seem to work as I would expect... <set name="Personnel" table="office_personnel" cascade="all"> <key column="office_id" /> <one-to-many class="Person"/> </set> Now one thing that strikes me as odd is that there is no indication as to what person should be binding to (person_id). It keeps trying to find *office_id* column within the Person table. I'm sure this is just some simple problem and im being an idiot, but any help would be great! On a side note, I was weighing up if I should even bother having a middle man table, as I could directly put an Office_Id column within the Person table, but im not 100% sure if in my real project the Person class could be in multiple Offices further down the line...

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• php search and replace first element in div

  - by cnotethegr8

  i have a structure that looks like this <div class="table"> <div> <p> name1 </p> <p> title1 </p> </div> <div> <p> name2 </p> <p> title2 </p> </div> <div> <p> name3 </p> <p> title3 </p> </div> </div> and it continues a few hundred more times. what can i write in php that will search ( class="table" div ) and add a class to only the first 'p' in each 'div'?

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• In Python, how to make data members visible to subclasses if not known when initializing an object ?

  - by LB

  The title is a bit long, but it should be pretty straightforward for someone well-aware of python. I'm a python newbie. So, maybe i'm doing things in the wrong way. Suppose I have a class TreeNode class TreeNode(Node): def __init__(self, name, id): Node.__init__(self, name, id) self.children = [] and a subclass with a weight: class WeightedNode(TreeNode): def __init__(self,name, id): TreeNode.__init__(self, name, id) self.weight = 0 So far, i think I'm ok. Now, I want to add an object variable called father in TreeNode so that WeightedNode has also this member. The problem is that I don't know when initializing the object who is going to be the father. I set the father afterwards with this method in TreeNode : def set_father(self, father_node): self.father = father_node The problem is then when i'm trying to access self.father in Weighted: print 'Name %s Father %s '%(self.name, self.father.name) I obtain: AttributeError: WeightedNode instance has no attribute 'father' I thought that I could make father visible by doing something in TreeNode.__init__ but i wasn't able to find what. How can i do that ? Thanks.

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• Jquery :not()selector

  - by kim

  <html lang="en"> <head> <style> #thisdiv {padding:10px; margin:-15px 0 0 40px; background-color:#333; position:absolute; display:none;} div.block {margin-top:10px; width:200px;} div#thisdiv a {color:#fff;} </style> </head> <body> <div id ="one" class="block"><a href="">one</a></div> <div id="thisdiv">hello</div> <div id ="two"class="block">two</div> <div id ="three"class="block">three/div> <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $('#one').hover(function() { $('#thisdiv').fadeIn(400); }); $('div:not(#thisdiv)').mouseleave(function() { $('#thisdiv').fadeOut(400) }); }); </script> </body> </html> #thisdiv doesn't fadeOut. I could have used the following, but it only fades out if the cursor mouse outs of #thisdiv. Is there any way i can solve this so when the cursor navigates away from anyway, the div still fade out. $('#thisdiv').mouseleave(function() { $('#thisdiv').fadeOut(400) }); I couldn't figure out what's why jquery's :not selector is not doing what I wanted to. Am i using it wrongly?

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• C++ and its type system: How to deal with data with multiple types?

  - by sub

  "Introduction" I'm relatively new to C++. I went through all the basic stuff and managed to build 2-3 simple interpreters for my programming languages. The first thing that gave and still gives me a headache: Implementing the type system of my language in C++ Think of that: Ruby, Python, PHP and Co. have a lot of built-in types which obviously are implemented in C. So what I first tried was to make it possible to give a value in my language three possible types: Int, String and Nil. I came up with this: enum ValueType { Int, String, Nil }; class Value { public: ValueType type; int intVal; string stringVal; }; Yeah, wow, I know. It was extremely slow to pass this class around as the string allocator had to be called all the time. Next time I've tried something similar to this: enum ValueType { Int, String, Nil }; extern string stringTable[255]; class Value { public: ValueType type; int index; }; I would store all strings in stringTable and write their position to index. If the type of Value was Int, I just stored the integer in index, it wouldn't make sense at all using an int index to access another int, or? Anyways, the above gave me a headache too. After some time, accessing the string from the table here, referencing it there and copying it over there grew over my head - I lost control. I had to put the interpreter draft down. Now: Okay, so C and C++ are statically typed. How do the main implementations of the languages mentioned above handle the different types in their programs (fixnums, bignums, nums, strings, arrays, resources,...)? What should I do to get maximum speed with many different available types? How do the solutions compare to my simplified versions above?

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• Create a subtitle for menu items in Silverstripe CMS?

  - by ELF

  Hi I'm using Silverstripe CMS on the "Simple" template. I'm wondering how to create subtitles for the menu items. The current navigation template is like so: <nav class="primary"> <span class="nav-open-button">²</span> <ul> <% loop $Menu(2) %> <li class="$LinkingMode"><a href="$Link" title="$Title.XML">$MenuTitle.XML</a></li> <% end_loop %> </ul> I'm thinking i could somehow edit $Menutitle.XML but how? Also the sub title should be displayed directly under the Title but as the same button. The SubTitle would need to have a different css rule so that it could be smaller. I know that the CMS has an area for me to edit the page titles which become the menu titles, would it be easy to add a subtitle to the admin like that or is there some other easier way? I only need to make a few of them.

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• java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver When run jar file

  - by user1024858

  Hi all, Connection conn = null; String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/"; String dbName = "test"; String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; String userName = "root"; String password = "admin"; try { Class.forName(driver).newInstance(); conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url+dbName,userName,password); System.out.println("Connected to the database"); conn.close(); System.out.println("Disconnected from database"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace();} I run in eclipse it's ok, but i built to jar file and run on command line java -jar Test.jar i get this error: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source) Please help me how to fix it. Thanks!!!

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• Android getSelectedItem, how to use?

  - by user1881184

  Im trying use the spinner control result in order to point it to another screen that would be on the app. For example in the spinner control if the user chose chevy it would then take you to another screen which is coded in chevy.xml and Chevy.class. This is what i have thus far and need some help, as our book only used getSelectedItem and the example was only for an output statement. Please help. import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener; import android.widget.Spinner; public class Mainpage extends Activity implements OnItemSelectedListener { String carChoice, chevy, ford, dodge, toyota; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); /* carChoice = group.getSelectedItem().toString(); } if (carChoice.compareTo(chevy)==0) { startActivity(new Intent(Mainpage.this, Chevy.class)); */ } public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) { final Spinner group = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.carGroup); group.setOnItemSelectedListener(this); // TODO Auto-generated method stub String selected = group.getItemAtPosition(1).toString(); } public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }

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• Ways to make (relatively) safe assumptions about the type of concrete subclasses?

  - by Kylotan

  I have an interface (defined as a abstract base class) that looks like this: class AbstractInterface { public: bool IsRelatedTo(const AbstractInterface& other) const = 0; } And I have an implementation of this (constructors etc omitted): class ConcreteThing { public: bool IsRelatedTo(const AbstractInterface& other) const { return m_ImplObject.has_relationship_to(other.m_ImplObject); } private: ImplementationObject m_ImplObject; } The AbstractInterface forms an interface in Project A, and the ConcreteThing lives in Project B as an implementation of that interface. This is so that code in Project A can access data from Project B without having a direct dependency on it - Project B just has to implement the correct interface. Obviously the line in the body of the IsRelatedTo function cannot compile - that instance of ConcreteThing has an m_ImplObject member, but it can't assume that all AbstractInterfaces do, including the other argument. In my system, I can actually assume that all implementations of AbstractInterface are instances of ConcreteThing (or subclasses thereof), but I'd prefer not to be casting the object to the concrete type in order to get at the private member, or encoding that assumption in a way that will crash without a diagnostic later if this assumption ceases to hold true. I cannot modify ImplementationObject, but I can modify AbstractInterface and ConcreteThing. I also cannot use the standard RTTI mechanism for checking a type prior to casting, or use dynamic_cast for a similar purpose. I have a feeling that I might be able to overload IsRelatedTo with a ConcreteThing argument, but I'm not sure how to call it via the base IsRelatedTo(AbstractInterface) method. It wouldn't get called automatically as it's not a strict reimplementation of that method. Is there a pattern for doing what I want here, allowing me to implement the IsRelatedTo function via ImplementationObject::has_relationship_to(ImplementationObject), without risky casts? (Also, I couldn't think of a good question title - please change it if you have a better one.)

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• Finding patterns of failure in a Unit Test

  - by Pekka

  I'm new to Unit Testing, and I'm only getting into the routine of building test suites. I have what is going to be a rather large project that I want to build tests for from the start. I'm trying to figure out general strategies and patterns for building test suites. When you look at a class, many tests come to you obviously due to the nature of the class. Say for a "user account" class with basic CRUD operations, being related to a database table, we will want to test - well, the CRUD. creating an object and seeing whether it exists query its properties change some properties change some properties to incorrect values and delete it again. As for how to break things, there are "fail" tests common to most CRUD classes like: Invalid input data types A number as the ID key that exceeds the range of the chosen data type Input in an incorrect character encoding Input that is too long And so on and so on. For a unit test concerned with file operations, the list of "breaking things" could be Invalid characters in file name File name too long File name uses incorrect protocol or path I'm pretty sure similar patterns - applicable beyond the unit test one is currently working on - can be found for most units that are being tested. Now my question is: Am I correct in seeing such "breaking patterns"? Or am I getting something completely wrong about Unit testing, and if I did it right, this wouldn't be an issue at all? Is Unit Testing as a process of finding as many ways to break the unit as possible the right way to go? If I am correct: Are there existing definitions, lists, cheat sheets for such patterns? Are there any provisions (mainly in PHPUnit, as that's the framework I'm working in) to automate such patterns? Is there any assistance - in the form of check lists, or software - to aid in writing complete tests?

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