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  • in haskell, why do I need to specify type constraints, why can't the compiler figure them out?

    - by Steve
    Consider the function, add a b = a + b This works: *Main> add 1 2 3 However, if I add a type signature specifying that I want to add things of the same type: add :: a -> a -> a add a b = a + b I get an error: test.hs:3:10: Could not deduce (Num a) from the context () arising from a use of `+' at test.hs:3:10-14 Possible fix: add (Num a) to the context of the type signature for `add' In the expression: a + b In the definition of `add': add a b = a + b So GHC clearly can deduce that I need the Num type constraint, since it just told me: add :: Num a => a -> a -> a add a b = a + b Works. Why does GHC require me to add the type constraint? If I'm doing generic programming, why can't it just work for anything that knows how to use the + operator? In C++ template programming, you can do this easily: #include <string> #include <cstdio> using namespace std; template<typename T> T add(T a, T b) { return a + b; } int main() { printf("%d, %f, %s\n", add(1, 2), add(1.0, 3.4), add(string("foo"), string("bar")).c_str()); return 0; } The compiler figures out the types of the arguments to add and generates a version of the function for that type. There seems to be a fundamental difference in Haskell's approach, can you describe it, and discuss the trade-offs? It seems to me like it would be resolved if GHC simply filled in the type constraint for me, since it obviously decided it was needed. Still, why the type constraint at all? Why not just compile successfully as long as the function is only used in a valid context where the arguments are in Num? Thank you.

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  • client side spring

    - by Gholi
    I wanna sth like Spring framework to use in client side. Actually I am going to abstract ui from data sources that may be added to system while it is up. An XML will be injected to system and ui will be generated automatically. Client side use would be able to search on new data source while objects are created in client side. Thanks

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  • do functions in sql server have different permissions rules?

    - by jcollum
    Here's the situation. I'm writing an automated test that walks the list of dependencies for a proc and determines if an acct has rights for all of the dependent objects. My code looks like this: exec sp_depends 'the_proc_name' -- run this query on the results of sp_depends: select case when exists ( select * from sys.database_permissions dp where grantee_principal_id=USER_ID('TheAccount') and major_id=object_id('dbo.theDependentObject') and minor_id=0 and state_desc = 'GRANT') then 'true' else 'false' end; It all seems to be working fine, but there's a hiccup when it encounters a function. I have one case where TheAccount doesn't have rights to a function (the query above returns false). However the proc that calls the function in question runs fine when running under TheAccount. So there's either something wrong with my test code or functions have special permission behavior in SQL-Server that I'm not aware of. Should I change the code to only search for 'DENY' instead of 'GRANT'? Do functions that are called in procs inherit the permissions of the calling proc except when the execute rights are explicitly denied? Does my code suck?

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  • Configuring servlet for using spring

    - by dominolog
    Hello How to configure my web application in Eclipse (based on Servlets and deployed to Tomcat) to use Spring framework. I need only IoC container (Beans only and ApplicationContext), not Spring MVC. How to configure web.xml for this? Regards

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  • Tree structured resource Authorization

    - by user323883
    I have portfolio table with portoflio_id and parent_portfolio_id and I have user table now some users may have access to all portfolios, or selective portfolios or depending on group, everything under a portfolio tree. can someone suggest a good schema or any existing framework

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  • Need to create automatic timed changing content.

    - by Spencer
    I need to create a section of our website where there is a main box of content with 3/4 smaller boxes (previews) underneath. Please take a look at http://espn.com for an example. They have a main top box for content and then it shuffles between the content previews below. What is the best way to do this? We are using .NET framework. Thanks in advance

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  • How do I populate an NSMutableArray in one class with another object?

    - by AngeloS
    Hello, I know this is a simple answer, but I can't seem to find the solution. I created an object in its own class and I am trying to populate it with data from another class. For simple data types like NSString, I have no problem, but when trying make an NSMutableArray equal to another NSMutableArray or when I try to populate a NSMutableArray with another objects (like strings), I keep getting exception errors... Here is the object I am trying to populate: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface RSSFeedList : NSObject { NSString *subject; NSMutableArray *rssfeedDetail; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *subject; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *rssfeedDetail; @end This is how I was able to populate the NSString 'subject' in another class: rssFeedList.subject = @"test"; However, if I follow similar convention within that same class with respect to an Array, it throws an exception: rssFeedList.rssfeedDetail = rssItemDetailArray; Where rssItemDetailArray is a NSMutableArray that I have built in the same class. I have also tried to add items (i tried strings for testing) to the NSMutableArray directly like so to no avail: [rssFeedList.rssfeedDetail addObject:@"test"]; Any ideas?? Thanks in advance!!

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  • Jquery data() returning undefined

    - by David Lockwood
    I have been doing a simple jquery data() test. However it is returning undefined. It works on jsfiddle though (http://jsfiddle.net/yrCdj/). I have a jinja2 loop which populates a div and I want to tag it with some metadata for use later : {% for s in siteInfo[:markers[0]] %} <div class="sitebox2"> <script> $(".sitebox2:last").append('<a href="/sites/d?siteid={{s[5]}}">{{s[0]}}</a><br>Distance from {{loc}} is {{s[6]}} km.<br>'); $(".sitebox2:last").data('fruit', 'apple'); </script> </div> {% endfor %} I then try to call this data to test if it is working: <script type="text/javascript"> $(".sitebox2").each(function(k, v) { var f = $(v).data('fruit'); alert(f); }); </script> It returns undefined. Any ideas on what is going wrong?

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  • Why junit ComparisonFailure is not used by assertEquals(Object, Object) ?

    - by Philippe Blayo
    In Junit 4, do you see any drawback to throw a ComparisonFailure instead of an AssertionError when assertEquals(Object, Object) fails ? assertEquals(Object, Object) throws a ComparisonFailure if both expected and actual are String an AssertionError if either is not a String @Test(expected=ComparisonFailure.class ) public void twoString() { assertEquals("a String", "another String"); } @Test(expected=AssertionError.class ) public void oneString() { assertEquals("a String", new Object()); } The two reasons why I ask the question: ComparisonFailure provide far more readable way to spot the differences in dialog box of eclipse or Intellij IDEA (FEST-Assert throws this exception) Junit 4 already use String.valueOf(Object) to build message "expected ... but was ..." (format method invoqued by Assert.assertEquals(message, Object, Object) in junit-4.8.2): static String format(String message, Object expected, Object actual) { ... String expectedString= String.valueOf(expected); String actualString= String.valueOf(actual); if (expectedString.equals(actualString)) return formatted + "expected: " + formatClassAndValue(expected, expectedString) +" but was: " + formatClassAndValue(actual, actualString); else return formatted +"expected:<"+ expectedString +"> but was:<"+ actualString +">"; Isn't it possible in assertEquals(message, Object, Object) to replace fail(format(message, expected, actual)); by throw new ComparisonFailure(message, formatClassAndValue(expectedObject, expectedString), formatClassAndValue(actualObject, actualString)); Do you see any compatibility issue with other tool, any algorithmic problem with that... ?

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  • Threading heap and stack

    - by DJ
    How memory is allocated in case of spawning a new thread, i.e how memory heap, memory stack, and threads are related? I know this is fundamental (.net framework concept) but somehow I am not much aware of this concept.

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  • Most effecient way to create a "slider" timeline in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript?

    - by ZapChance
    Alright, so here's my dilemma. I've got these two "slides" lined up, one ready to be passed into view. I have it working and all, but I can scroll over to the right to see the second slide! How could I have it you can only view the one slide? JavaScript used: function validate(form) { var user = form.username.value; var pass = form.password.value; if(user === "test") { if(pass === "pass") { var hideoptions = {"direction" : "left", "mode" : "hide"}; var showoptions = {"direction" : "left", "mode" : "show"}; /*$("#loginView").toggle("slide", hideoptions, 1000, function() { $("#loginView").css("margin-left", "100%"); }); $("#mainView").toggle("slide", showoptions, 1000, function() { $("#mainView").css("margin-left", 0); });*/ $("#loginView").animate({ marginLeft: "-100%" }, 1000); $("#mainView").animate({ marginLeft: "0" }, 1000); } else { alert("nope"); } } else { alert("nope 2"); } } As you can see here @ http://jsfiddle.net/D7Va3/1/ (JSFiddle), once you enter "test" and "pass", then click enter, the tiles slide. But. If you reload, you can see that you can scroll to the right of the screen and view the second slide prematurely, which is just not going to work for me. I still need to achieve the same seamless transition, but you must only be able to view one slide at a time. Also, I plan to expand with more slides, so if you're feeling lucky today, I'd really love to see an example of how I could support multiple frames. I'm very new to JavaScript (yet I know syntax rules, and general coding knowledge from other languages), so the better you explain, the more knowledgeable I can be, and I'd be very grateful for that. Thanks in advance!

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  • C# Flash ActiveX - Recording

    - by Dremation
    I wrote an application that monitors live streams from various sites. The application has done well but theres a feature that is highly requested. And that's the ability to record the stream. I'm current using the Adobe Flash ActiveX control to stream the videos from the various sites. IS there a way to record the stream? Whether it be with Flash ActiveX or another framework/control that you may know of.

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  • C++ universal data type

    - by Gokul
    I have a universal data type, which is passed by value, but does not maintain the type information. We store only pointers and basic data types(like int, float etc) inside this. Now for the first time, we need to store std::string inside this. So we decided to convert it into std::string* and store it. Then comes the problem of destruction. We don't like to copy the std::string every time. So i am thinking of an approach like this. Say the data type looks like this class Atom { public : enum flags { IS_STRING, IS_EMPTY, HAS_GOT_COPIED, MARKER }; private: void* m_value; std::bitset<MARKER> m_flags; public: ..... Atom( Atom& atm ) { atm.m_flags.set( HAS_GOT_COPIED ); ..... } ..... ~Atom() { if( m_flags.test(IS_STRING) && !m_flags.test(HAS_GOT_COPIED) ) { std::string* val = static_cast<std::string*>(m_value); delete val; } } }; Is this a good approach to find out whether there is no more reference to std::string*? Any comments.. Thanks, Gokul.

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  • Difference between a Deprecated and Legacy API?

    - by Vaibhav Bajpai
    I was studying the legacy API's in the Java's Collection Framework and I learnt that classes such as Vector and HashTable have been superseded by ArrayList and HashMap. However still they are NOT deprecated, and deemed as legacy when essentially, deprecation is applied to software features that are superseded and should be avoided, so, I am not sure when is a API deemed legacy and when it is deprecated.

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  • Escaping HTML strings with jQuery

    - by Page Brooks
    Does anyone know of an easy way to escape HTML from strings in jQuery? I need to be able to pass an arbitrary string and have it properly escaped for display in an HTML page (preventing JavaScript/HTML injection attacks). I'm sure it's possible to extend jQuery to do this, but I don't know enough about the framework at the moment to accomplish this.

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  • php - clean URL

    - by tibin mathew
    Hai I want to create a web site with pure php. I want to hide the url parameters. I.e. I want to make my web site with clean urls. Is there is any way to do this with out using any framework? Is it curl help full to do this? Does any one give me a solution.

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  • How to apply a function to a collection of elements

    - by Cue
    Consider I have an array of elements out of which I want to create a new 'iterable' which on every next applies a custom 'transformation'. What's the proper way of doing it under python 2.x? For people familiar with Java, the equivalent is Iterables#transform from google's collections framework.

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  • Why does the VS2005 debugger not report "base." values properly? (was "Why is this if statement fail

    - by Rawling
    I'm working on an existing class that is two steps derived from System.Windows.Forms.Combo box. The class overrides the Text property thus: public override string Text { get { return this.AccessibilityObject.Value; } set { if (base.Text != value) { base.Text = value; } } } The reason given for that "get" is this MS bug: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/814346 However, I'm more interested in the fact that the "if" doesn't work. There are times where "base.Text != value" is true and yet pressing F10 steps straight to the closing } of the "set" and the Text property is not changed. I've seen this both by just checking values in the debugger, and putting a conditional breakpoint on that only breaks when the "if" statement's predicate is true. How on earth can "if" go wrong? The class between this and ComboBox doesn't touch the Text property. The bug above shouldn't really be affecting anything - it says it's fixed in VS2005. Is the debugger showing different values than the program itself sees? Update I think I've found what is happening here. The debugger is reporting value incorrectly (including evaluating conditional breakpoints incorrectly). To see this, try the following pair of classes: class MyBase { virtual public string Text { get { return "BaseText"; } } } class MyDerived : MyBase { public override string Text { get { string test = base.Text; return "DerivedText"; } } } Put a breakpoint on the last return statement, then run the code and access that property. In my VS2005, hovering over base.Text gives the value "DerivedText", but the variable test has been correctly set to "BaseText". So, new question: why does the debugger not handle base properly, and how can I get it to?

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