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• NVidia ION and /dev/mapper/nvidia_... issues.

  - by Ritsaert Hornstra

  I have an NVidia ION board with 4 SATA ports and want to use that to run a Linux Server (CentOS 5.4). I first hooed up 3 HDs (that will be a RAID5 array) and a forth small boot HD. I first started to use the onboard RAID capability but that does not work correctly under Linux: the raid capacity is not a real RAID but uses lvm to define some arays. After setting the BIOS back to normal SATA mode and whiping the HDs, the first boot harddisk (/dev/sda) is seen as /dev/sda BEFORE mounting and after mounting as /dev/mapper/nvidia_. CentOS is unable to install on it (and grub is not installable on it either). So somehow the harddisk is still seen as if it belongs to some lvm volume. I tried to clean out the HD by issuing a few dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda commands to wipe the starting cylinders and final cylinders but to no avail. Did anyone see this problem and did anyone find a solution? UPDATE When I create only a single ext3 partition on the first HD (/dev/mapper/nvidia_...) no LVM partitions are seen and I can boot from /dev/mapper/nvidia_.... Now the next step is to see how I can get rid of this folly.

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• Nginx + PHP-FPM = "Random" 502 Bad Gateway

  - by david

  I am running Nginx and proxying php requests via FastCGI to PHP-FPM for processing. I will randomly receive 502 Bad Gateway error pages - I can reproduce this issue by clicking around my PHP websites very rapidly/refreshing a page for a minute or two. When I get the 502 error page all I have to do is refresh the browser and the page refreshes properly. Here is my setup: nginx/0.7.64 PHP 5.3.2 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Apr 1 2010 06:42:04) Ubuntu 9.10 (Latest 2.6 Paravirt) I compiled PHP-FPM using this ./configure directive ./configure --enable-fpm --sysconfdir=/etc/php5/conf.d --with-config-file-path=/etc/php5/conf.d/php.ini --with-zlib --with-openssl --enable-zip --enable-exif --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-mbregex --enable-soap --enable-sockets --disable-cgi --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --with-gd --with-mcrypt --enable-memcache --with-mhash --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/lib --with-mysql=/usr/bin/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config --enable-pdo --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/bin/mysql --with-pdo-sqlite --with-pspell --with-snmp --with-sqlite --with-tidy --with-xmlrpc --with-xsl My php-fpm.conf looks like this (the relevant parts): ... <value name="pm"> <value name="max_children">3</value> ... <value name="request_terminate_timeout">60s</value> <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">30s</value> <value name="slowlog">/var/log/php-fpm.log.slow</value> <value name="rlimit_files">1024</value> <value name="rlimit_core">0</value> <value name="chroot"></value> <value name="chdir"></value> <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value> <value name="max_requests">500</value> ... I've tried increasing the max_children to 10 and it makes no difference. I've also tried setting it to 'dynamic' and setting max_children to 50, and start_server to '5' without any difference. I have tried using both 1 and 5 nginx worker processes. My fastcgi_params conf looks like: fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; Nginx logs the error as: [error] 3947#0: *10530 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 68.40.xxx.xxx, server: www.domain.com, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "www.domain.com" PHP-FPM logs the follow at the time of the error: [NOTICE] pid 17161, fpm_unix_init_main(), line 255: getrlimit(nofile): max:1024, cur:1024 [NOTICE] pid 17161, fpm_event_init_main(), line 93: libevent: using epoll [NOTICE] pid 17161, fpm_init(), line 50: fpm is running, pid 17161 [DEBUG] pid 17161, fpm_children_make(), line 403: [pool default] child 17162 started [DEBUG] pid 17161, fpm_children_make(), line 403: [pool default] child 17163 started [DEBUG] pid 17161, fpm_children_make(), line 403: [pool default] child 17164 started [NOTICE] pid 17161, fpm_event_loop(), line 111: ready to handle connections My CPU usage maxes out around 10-15% when I recreate the issue. My Free mem (free -m) is 130MB I had this intermittent 502 Bad Gateway issue when in was using php5-cgi to service my php requests as well. Does anyone know how to fix this?

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• Are HDMI to VGA Adapters Really Device-Specific?

  - by allquixotic

  There are a lot of devices on the market right now (especially mobile devices) with a Micro-HDMI or Mini-HDMI port and no VGA or D-Sub output. Most manufacturers of said devices sell a cable that looks something like this: I have yet to find a cable like this that claims to work on a wide array of devices. In general, these cables claim to work with one specific device only. The way these cables work, I think, is that analog VGA signals are sent from the HDMI port on the device. This should work for devices that have special hardware on the motherboard/GPU capable of driving this. Is it the case that these cables have to be custom designed for each device? Or, is it rather that any device which possesses this special "signaling of analog VGA over the HDMI port" can be made to work with a cable that is physically compatible (i.e. the HDMI end plugs into the device and the VGA end accepts a VGA monitor cable)? Note that I am not looking for a product recommendation, just a conceptual clarification on what exactly these devices are doing. Also, a few remarks: The cables like the one depicted here are not digital to analog converters. I know about these: they are expensive, and they are the ONLY solution if your device only outputs a digital signal and is incapable of driving analog VGA over the HDMI port. The cables like the one depicted here are not straight crossover cables from VGA to HDMI, either. The crossover cables are designed to send a digital HDMI signal over the VGA port's wires; that is, the wire protocol is HDMI (digital) but the physical pinout is the same as VGA, even though nothing analog is happening. Once again, this is not the behavior that, I believe, the devices which I'm talking about in this question are doing. The cabling and devices that this question is about transmit the analog VGA data over the HDMI port (the HDMI port is in the device outputting the data, and the VGA side is the monitor/projector).

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• Varnish cached 'MISS status' object?

  - by Hesey

  My site uses nginx, varnish, jboss. And some url will be cached by varnish, it depends a response header from jboss. The first time, jboss tells varnish doesn't cache this url. Then the second request, jboss tells varnish to cache, but varnish won't cache it. I used varnishstat and found that 1 object is cached in Varnish, is that the 'MISS status' object? I remove grace code and the problem still exists. When I PURGE this url, varnish works fine and cache the url then. But I can't PURGE so much urls every startup time, how can I fix this? The configuration: acl local { "localhost"; } backend default { .host = "localhost"; .port = "8080"; .probe = { .url = "/preload.htm"; .interval = 3s; .timeout = 1s; .window = 5; .threshold = 3; } } sub vcl_deliver { if (req.request == "PURGE") { remove resp.http.X-Varnish; remove resp.http.Via; remove resp.http.Age; remove resp.http.Content-Type; remove resp.http.Server; remove resp.http.Date; remove resp.http.Accept-Ranges; remove resp.http.Connection; set resp.http.keeplive="true"; } else { if (obj.hits > 0) { set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT"; } else { set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS"; } } } sub vcl_recv { if(req.url ~ "/check.htm"){ error 404 "N"; } if( req.http.host ~ "store." || req.request == "POST"){ return (pipe); } if (req.backend.healthy) { set req.grace = 30s; } else { set req.grace = 10m; } set req.http.x-cacheKey = "0"; if(req.url ~ "/shop/view_shop.htm" || req.url ~ "/shop/viewShop.htm" || req.url ~ "/index.htm"){ if(req.url ~ "search=y"){ set req.http.x-cacheKey = req.http.host + "/search.htm"; }else if(req.url !~ "bbs=y" && req.url !~ "shopIntro=y" && req.url !~ "shop_intro=y"){ set req.http.x-cacheKey = req.http.host + "/index.htm"; } }else if(req.url ~ "/search"){ set req.http.x-cacheKey = req.http.host + "/search.htm"; } if( req.http.x-cacheKey == "0" && req.url !~ "/i/"){ return (pipe); } if (req.request == "PURGE") { if (client.ip ~ local) { return (lookup); } else { error 405 "Not allowed."; } } if (req.url ~ "/i/") { set req.http.x-shop-url = req.original_url; }else { unset req.http.cookie; } } sub vcl_fetch { set beresp.grace = 10m; #unset beresp.http.x-cacheKey; if (req.url ~ "/i/" || req.url ~ "status" ){ set beresp.ttl = 0s; /* ttl=0 for dynamic content */ } else if(beresp.http.x-varnish-cache != "1"){ set beresp.do_esi = true; /* Do ESI processing */ set beresp.ttl = 0s; unset beresp.http.set-cookie; } else { set beresp.do_esi = true; /* Do ESI processing */ set beresp.ttl = 1800s; unset beresp.http.set-cookie; } } sub vcl_hash { hash_data(req.http.x-cacheKey); return (hash); } sub vcl_error { if (req.request == "PURGE") { return (deliver); } else { set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=gbk"; synthetic {"<!--ve-->"}; return (deliver); } } sub vcl_hit { if (req.request == "PURGE") { set obj.ttl = 0s; error 200 "Purged."; } } sub vcl_miss { if (req.request == "PURGE") { error 404 "N"; } }

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• Bash can't start a programme that's there and has all the right permissions

  - by Rory

  This is a gentoo server. There's a programme prog that can't execute. (Yes the execute permission is set) About the file $ ls prog $ ./prog bash: ./prog: No such file or directory $ file prog prog: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.2.5, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), not stripped $ pwd /usr/local/bin $ /usr/local/bin/prog bash: /usr/local/bin/prog: No such file or directory $ less prog | head ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Class: ELF32 Data: 2's complement, little endian Version: 1 (current) OS/ABI: UNIX - System V ABI Version: 0 Type: EXEC (Executable file) Machine: Intel 80386 Version: 0x1 I have a fancy less, to show that it's an actual executable, here's some more data: $ xxd prog |head 0000000: 7f45 4c46 0101 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 .ELF............ 0000010: 0200 0300 0100 0000 c092 0408 3400 0000 ............4... 0000020: 0401 0a00 0000 0000 3400 2000 0700 2800 ........4. ...(. 0000030: 2600 2300 0600 0000 3400 0000 3480 0408 &.#.....4...4... 0000040: 3480 0408 e000 0000 e000 0000 0500 0000 4............... 0000050: 0400 0000 0300 0000 1401 0000 1481 0408 ................ 0000060: 1481 0408 1300 0000 1300 0000 0400 0000 ................ 0000070: 0100 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0080 0408 ................ 0000080: 0080 0408 21f1 0500 21f1 0500 0500 0000 ....!...!....... 0000090: 0010 0000 0100 0000 40f1 0500 4081 0a08 ........@...@... and $ ls -l prog -rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 devs 725706 Aug 6 2007 prog $ ldd prog not a dynamic executable $ strace ./prog 1249403877.639076 execve("./prog", ["./prog"], [/* 27 vars */]) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 1249403877.640645 dup(2) = 3 1249403877.640875 fcntl(3, F_GETFL) = 0x8002 (flags O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE) 1249403877.641143 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0 1249403877.641484 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2b3b8954a000 1249403877.641747 lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR) = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek) 1249403877.642045 write(3, "strace: exec: No such file or dir"..., 40strace: exec: No such file or directory ) = 40 1249403877.642324 close(3) = 0 1249403877.642531 munmap(0x2b3b8954a000, 4096) = 0 1249403877.642735 exit_group(1) = ? About the server FTR the server is a xen domU, and the programme is a closed source linux application. This VM is a copy of another VM that has the same root filesystem (including this programme), that works fine. I've tried all the above as root and same problem. Did I mention the root filesystem is mounted over NFS. However it's mounted 'defaults,nosuid', which should include execute. Also I am able to run many other programmes from that mounted drive /proc/cpuinfo: processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 15 model : 4 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.00GHz stepping : 1 cpu MHz : 2992.692 cache size : 1024 KB fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 5 wp : yes flags : fpu tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtpr bogmips : 5989.55 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 128 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: Example of a file that I can run I can run other programmes on that mounted filesystem on that server. For example: $ ls -l ls -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 105576 Jul 25 17:14 ls $ file ls ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), stripped $ ./ls attr cat cut echo getfacl ln more ... (you get the idea) ... rmdir sort tty $ less ls | head ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Class: ELF64 Data: 2's complement, little endian Version: 1 (current) OS/ABI: UNIX - System V ABI Version: 0 Type: EXEC (Executable file) Machine: Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 Version: 0x1

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• Cisco ASA 5505 site to site IPSEC VPN won't route from multiple LANs

  - by franklundy

  Hi I've set up a standard site to site VPN between 2 ASA 5505s (using the wizard in ASDM) and have the VPN working fine for traffic between Site A and Site B on the directly connected LANs. But this VPN is actually to be used for data originating on LAN subnets that are one hop away from the directly connected LANs. So actually there is another router connected to each ASA (LAN side) that then route to two completely different LAN ranges, where the clients and servers reside. At the moment, any traffic that gets to the ASA that has not originated from the directly connected LAN gets sent straight to the default gateway, and not through the VPN. I've tried adding the additional subnets to the "Protected Networks" on the VPN, but that has no effect. I have also tried adding a static route to each ASA trying to point the traffic to the other side, but again this hasn't worked. Here is the config for one of the sites. This works for traffic to/from the 192.168.144.x subnets perfectly. What I need is to be able to route traffic from 10.1.0.0/24 to 10.2.0.0/24 for example. ASA Version 8.0(3) ! hostname Site1 enable password ** encrypted names name 192.168.144.4 Site2 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.144.2 255.255.255.252 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 10.78.254.70 255.255.255.252 (this is a private WAN circuit) ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! passwd ** encrypted ftp mode passive access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list outside_access_in extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list outside_1_cryptomap extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-603.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 access-group inside_access_in in interface inside access-group outside_access_in in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.78.254.69 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL http server enable http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto map outside_map 1 match address outside_1_cryptomap crypto map outside_map 1 set pfs crypto map outside_map 1 set peer 10.78.254.66 crypto map outside_map 1 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 no crypto isakmp nat-traversal telnet timeout 5 ssh 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 management-access inside threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics port threat-detection statistics protocol threat-detection statistics access-list group-policy DfltGrpPolicy attributes vpn-idle-timeout none username enadmin password * encrypted privilege 15 tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * ! ! prompt hostname context

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• ZFS: Mirror vs. RAID-Z

  - by John Clayton

  I'm planning on building a file server using OpenSolaris and ZFS that will provide two primary services - be an iSCSI target for XenServer virtual machines & be a general home file server. The hardware I'm looking at includes 2x 4-port SATA controllers, 2x small boot drives (one on each controller), and 4x big drives for storage. This allows one free port per controller for upgrading the array down the road. Where I'm a little confused is how to setup the storage drives. For performance, mirroring appears to be king. I'm having a hard time seeing what the benefit would be of using RAIDZ over mirroring would be. With this setup I can see two options - two mirrored pools in one stripe, or RAIDZ2. Both should protect against 2 drive failures, and/or one controller failure...the only benefit of RAIDZ2 would be that any 2 drives could fail. The storage should be 50% of capacity in both cases, but the first should have much better performance, right? The other thing I'm trying to wrap my mind around is the benefit of mirrored arrays with more than two devices. For data integrity what, if any, would be the benefit of a RAIDZ over a three-way mirror? Since ZFS maintains file integrity what does RAIDZ bring to the table...doesn't ZFS's integrity checks negate the value of RAIDZ's parity?

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• Using smartctl to get vendor specific Attributes from ssd drive behind a SmartArray P410 controller

  - by Lairsdragon

  Recently I have deployed some HP server with SSD's behind a SmartArray P410 controller. While not official supported from HP the server work well sofar. Now I like to get wear level info's, error statistics etc from the drive. While the SA P410 supports a passthru of the SMART Command to a single drive in the array the output I was not able to the the interesting things from the drive. In this case especially the value the Wear level indicator is from interest for me (Attr.ID 233), but this is ony present if the drive is directly attanched to a SATA Controller. smartctl on directly connected ssd: # smartctl -A /dev/sda smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 5 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0000 100 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0000 100 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 8561 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 55 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 29 232 Unknown_Attribute 0x0003 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0 233 Unknown_Attribute 0x0002 088 088 000 Old_age Always - 0 225 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0000 198 198 000 Old_age Offline - 508509 226 Load-in_Time 0x0002 255 000 000 Old_age Always In_the_past 0 227 Torq-amp_Count 0x0002 000 000 000 Old_age Always FAILING_NOW 0 228 Power-off_Retract_Count 0x0002 000 000 000 Old_age Always FAILING_NOW 0 smartctl on P410 connected ssd: # ./smartctl -A -d cciss,0 /dev/cciss/c1d0 smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net (Right, it is complety empty) smartctl on P410 connected hdd: # ./smartctl -A -d cciss,0 /dev/cciss/c0d0 smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Current Drive Temperature: 27 C Drive Trip Temperature: 68 C Vendor (Seagate) cache information Blocks sent to initiator = 1871654030 Blocks received from initiator = 1360012929 Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 2178203797 Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 46052239 Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 0 Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information number of hours powered up = 3363.25 number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 12 Do I hunt here a bug, or is this a limitation of the p410 SMART cmd Passthru?

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• Unable to authenticate to Windows Server 2003 for file browsing as non-administrator user.

  - by Fopedush

  I've got a windows server 2003 box containing a raid 5 array I use for mass storage. I want to set up a special non-administrator account that can be used to browse files over the network, with only read access. Ideally I'll map my network drive as this user to avoid accidentally hosing my data, and mount as an administrator user on occasions where I actually need write access. I've created a non-administrator user on the Windows Server box (called "ReadOnly)", and granted the user read permissions on the folders I need. However, when I try to browse to the files, and authenticate as this user, I'm told "Permission denied". If I throw the readOnly user into the administrators group, however, I can authenticate and browse just fine. I am, of course, only attempting to browse to folder for which I have given this user read permissions. Obviously my ReadOnly user is missing some privilege here, but I can't figure out what it is. I've been digging around in group policy editor all day to no avail. What am I missing? Fake Edit: I'm doing my browsing from a Windows 7 box, but I don't think that is relevant.

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• Where do I connect the HDD LED wires on my RAID adapter?

  - by Giffyguy

  I'm using a Promise FastTrak TX8660 with RAID 5. The manual (and Google) just doesn't seem to explain how exactly to connect a standard two-pin HDD LED wire to the eight available pins on the card. The Manual just says - To connect your LED, follow the following diagram: The card itself resembles the diagram: But it doesn't make any sense to me. All I have is a two-pin connecter for HDD LED on the front of my computer case. I don't need anything fancy like the fault LED or seperate indicators for each drive. I just want to be able to see when my RAID 5 array is working, that's all. I don't know what the "R" and "G" stand for, but my HDD LED wires are red and white. I tried connecting the red wire to the "R" pin and the white wire to the "G" pin, but that just makes the LED on the front of my case light up indefinitely, even when the computer is idle. Which pins am I suppose to connect the HDD LED header to for basic activity indication?

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• 24TB RAID 6 configuration

  - by Phil

  I am in charge of a new website in a niche industry that stores lots of data (10+ TB per client, growing to 2 or 3 clients soon). We are considering ordering about $5000 worth of 3TB drives (10 in a RAID 6 configuration and 10 for backup), which will give us approximately 24 TB of production storage. The data will be written once and remain unmodified for the lifetime of the website, so we only need to do a backup one time. I understand basic RAID theory, however I am not experienced with it. My question is, does this sound like a good configuration? What potential problems could this setup cause? Also, what is the best way to do a one-time backup? Have two RAID 6 arrays, one for offsite backup and one for production? Or should I backup the RAID 6 production array to a JBOD? EDIT: The data server is running Windows 2008 Server x64. EDIT 2: To reduce rebuild time, what would you think about using two RAID 5's instead of one RAID 6?

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• Does a 3ware "ECC-ERROR" matter on a JBOD when I have ZFS?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I have a FreeBSD 8.x machine running ZFS and with a 3ware 9690SA controller. The 3ware controller shows an ECC-ERROR with one of the disks: //host> /c0 show VPort Status Unit Size Type Phy Encl-Slot Model ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ p0 OK u0 279.39 GB SAS 0 - SEAGATE ST3300657SS p1 OK u0 279.39 GB SAS 1 - SEAGATE ST3300657SS p2 OK u1 931.51 GB SAS 2 - SEAGATE ST31000640SS p3 ECC-ERROR u2 931.51 GB SAS 3 - SEAGATE ST31000640SS p4 OK u3 931.51 GB SAS 4 - SEAGATE ST31000640SS /c0 show events shows no ECC errors in it's recent history. ZFS does not currently detect any errors. zpool status says No known data errors My question: Is this ECC-ERROR something that I need to be concerned about? According to the 3ware CLI 9.5.2 Manual, an ECC-ERROR means that the 3ware controller caught a read-error for one or more sectors on this drive. This sometimes occurs when a RAID array is recovering from a failed disk. I believe that ECC-ERRORS can also be detected when the 3ware Controller verifies each disk. None of the drives have failed and thus there was no drive rebuild, so I assume that 3ware discovered a bad sector when it ran it's weekly auto-verify scan of the disks. Is this a safe assumption? According to our logs, ZFS has not detected any bad sectors on this drive. ZFS can work around read errors -- if ZFS detects a bad sector on the drive, it will simply mark that sector as bad and never use it again. From the ZFS perspective one bad sector isn't a big deal, although it might indicate that the drive is starting to go bad.

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• PHP install sqlite3 extension

  - by Kevin

  We are using PHP 5.3.6 here, but we used the --without-sqlite3 command when compiling PHP. (It stands in the 'Configure Command' column). But, it is very risky to recompile PHP on that server; there are many visitors. How can we install/use sqlite3? Regards, Kevin [EDIT] yum repolist gives: Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * extras: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * updates: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net repo id repo name status base CentOS-5 - Base 3,566 extras CentOS-5 - Extras 237 updates CentOS-5 - Updates 376 repolist: 4,179 rpm -qa | grep php gives: php-pdo-5.3.6-1.w5 php-mysql-5.3.6-1.w5 psa-php5-configurator-1.5.3-cos5.build95101022.10 php-mbstring-5.3.6-1.w5 php-imap-5.3.6-1.w5 php-cli-5.3.6-1.w5 php-gd-5.3.6-1.w5 php-5.3.6-1.w5 php-common-5.3.6-1.w5 php-xml-5.3.6-1.w5 php -i | grep sqlite gives: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib64/php/modules/sqlite3.so' - /usr/lib64/php/modules/sqlite3.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 Configure Command => './configure' '--build=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' '--host=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' '--target=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu' '--program-prefix=' '--prefix=/usr' '--exec-prefix=/usr' '--bindir=/usr/bin' '--sbindir=/usr/sbin' '--sysconfdir=/etc' '--datadir=/usr/share' '--includedir=/usr/include' '--libdir=/usr/lib64' '--libexecdir=/usr/libexec' '--localstatedir=/var' '--sharedstatedir=/usr/com' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--cache-file=../config.cache' '--with-libdir=lib64' '--with-config-file-path=/etc' '--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d' '--disable-debug' '--with-pic' '--disable-rpath' '--without-pear' '--with-bz2' '--with-exec-dir=/usr/bin' '--with-freetype-dir=/usr' '--with-png-dir=/usr' '--with-xpm-dir=/usr' '--enable-gd-native-ttf' '--without-gdbm' '--with-gettext' '--with-gmp' '--with-iconv' '--with-jpeg-dir=/usr' '--with-openssl' '--with-pcre-regex=/usr' '--with-zlib' '--with-layout=GNU' '--enable-exif' '--enable-ftp' '--enable-magic-quotes' '--enable-sockets' '--enable-sysvsem' '--enable-sysvshm' '--enable-sysvmsg' '--with-kerberos' '--enable-ucd-snmp-hack' '--enable-shmop' '--enable-calendar' '--without-mime-magic' '--without-sqlite' '--without-sqlite3' '--with-libxml-dir=/usr' '--enable-xml' '--with-system-tzdata' '--enable-force-cgi-redirect' '--enable-pcntl' '--with-imap=shared' '--with-imap-ssl' '--enable-mbstring=shared' '--enable-mbregex' '--with-gd=shared' '--enable-bcmath=shared' '--enable-dba=shared' '--with-db4=/usr' '--with-xmlrpc=shared' '--with-ldap=shared' '--with-ldap-sasl' '--with-mysql=shared,/usr' '--with-mysqli=shared,/usr/bin/mysql_config' '--enable-dom=shared' '--with-pgsql=shared' '--enable-wddx=shared' '--with-snmp=shared,/usr' '--enable-soap=shared' '--with-xsl=shared,/usr' '--enable-xmlreader=shared' '--enable-xmlwriter=shared' '--with-curl=shared,/usr' '--enable-fastcgi' '--enable-pdo=shared' '--with-pdo-odbc=shared,unixODBC,/usr' '--with-pdo-mysql=shared,/usr' '--with-pdo-pgsql=shared,/usr' '--with-pdo-sqlite=shared,/usr' '--with-pdo-dblib=shared,/usr' '--enable-json=shared' '--enable-zip=shared' '--with-readline' '--with-pspell=shared' '--enable-phar=shared' '--with-mcrypt=shared,/usr' '--with-tidy=shared,/usr' '--with-mssql=shared,/usr' '--enable-sysvmsg=shared' '--enable-sysvshm=shared' '--enable-sysvsem=shared' '--enable-posix=shared' '--with-unixODBC=shared,/usr' '--enable-fileinfo=shared' '--enable-intl=shared' '--with-icu-dir=/usr' '--with-recode=shared,/usr' /etc/php.d/pdo_sqlite.ini, /etc/php.d/sqlite3.ini, PHP Warning: Unknown: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CET/1.0/no DST' instead in Unknown on line 0 PDO drivers => mysql, sqlite pdo_sqlite PWD => /root/sqlite _SERVER["PWD"] => /root/sqlite _ENV["PWD"] => /root/sqlite

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• Repairing inconsistent pages in database

  - by Raj

  We have a SQL 2000 DB. The server crashed due to Raid array failure. Now when we run DBCC CHECKDB, we get an error that there are 27 consistency errors in 9 pages. When we run DBCC PAGE on these pages, we get this: Msg 8939, Level 16, State 106, Line 1 Table error: Object ID 1397580017, index ID 2, page (1:8404521). Test (m_freeCnt == freeCnt) failed. Values are 2 and 19. Msg 8939, Level 16, State 108, Line 1 Table error: Object ID 1397580017, index ID 2, page (1:8404521). Test (emptySlotCnt == 0) failed. Values are 1 and 0. Since the indicated index is non-clustered and is created by a unique constarint that includes 2 columns, we tried dropping and recreating the index. This resulted in the following error: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX terminated because a duplicate key was found for index ID 2. Most significant primary key is '3280'. The statement has been terminated. However running Select var_id,result_on from tests group by var_id,result_on having count(*)>1 returns 0 rows. Here is what we are planning to do: Restore a pre-server crash copy of the DB and run DBCC CHECKDB If that returns clean, then restore again with no recovery Apply all subequent TLOG backups Stop production app, take a tail log backup and apply that too Drop prod DB and rename the freshly restored DB to make it prod Start prod app Could someone please punch holes in this approach? Maybe, suggest a different approach? What we need is minimum downtime. SQL 2000 DB Size 94 GB The table that has corrupt pages has 460 Million+ rows of data Thanks for the help. Raj

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• Securing smtp with login

  - by Paul Peelen

  I have a ispconfig server, and it seems that someone is using it to send spam. I got about 130 "Mail Delivery System" email about declined send email. This spammer uses my email address as sent from adress, so I get all these email adresses to my mail. I am using Postfix and Courier. I installed my server according to this guide: http://www.howtoforge.com/perfect-server-debian-lenny-ispconfig3-p3 I did this a few months ago. My question: Can I secure my server to require login to be able to send email, and if so... how? Thanks! EDIT Some data from mail.log, these kind of error show up constantly: Jun 15 17:58:16 bolt postfix/qmgr[10712]: CC7DA1242AE: from=<paul@*****.se>, size=3782, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jun 15 17:58:16 bolt postfix/smtp[11337]: CC7DA1242AE: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=4641, delays=4640/0.01/0.32/0, dsn=4.4.3, status=deferred (Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=cmlisboa.pt type=MX: Host not found, try again) Jun 15 17:58:19 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: connect from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154] Jun 15 17:58:20 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154]: 550 5.1.1 <advertising@*****.com>: Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table; from=<[email protected]> to=<advertising@*****.com> proto=ESMTP helo=<static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net> Jun 15 17:58:20 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: lost connection after DATA (0 bytes) from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154] Jun 15 17:58:20 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: disconnect from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154] Jun 15 17:58:29 bolt postfix/smtpd[10834]: connect from unknown[62.176.172.226] Jun 15 17:58:32 bolt postfix/smtpd[10834]: 386791241F9: client=unknown[62.176.172.226] Jun 15 17:58:34 bolt postfix/cleanup[10975]: 386791241F9: message-id=<[email protected]> Jun 15 17:58:34 bolt postfix/qmgr[10712]: 386791241F9: from=<[email protected]>, size=867, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt postfix/smtpd[10834]: disconnect from unknown[62.176.172.226] Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt amavis[11084]: (11084-17) Blocked SPAM, [62.176.172.226] [62.176.172.226] <[email protected]> -> <*****@*****>, Message-ID: <[email protected]>, mail_id: XczovKoMBYNr, Hits: 18.471, size: 867, 833 ms Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt postfix/smtp[10732]: 386791241F9: to=<*****@*****>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=3.5, delays=2.7/0/0/0.83, dsn=2.7.0, status=sent (250 2.7.0 Ok, discarded, id=11084-17 - SPAM) Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt postfix/qmgr[10712]: 386791241F9: removed Jun 15 17:58:43 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: warning: 178.121.154.194: address not listed for hostname mm-194-154-121-178.dynamic.pppoe.mgts.by Jun 15 17:58:43 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: connect from unknown[178.121.154.194] Jun 15 17:58:45 bolt postfix/smtpd[10727]: connect from unknown[180.134.223.86] EDIT #2 Got some more info from the logs, this is a send request: mail.info.1:Jun 15 16:41:57 bolt amavis[5399]: (05399-06) Passed CLEAN, [110.139.48.64] [110.139.48.64] <paul@*****.se> -> <[email protected]>, Message-ID: <CHILKAT-MID-7c54ebcf-5501-de9b-f0b1-4f0234290d8d@HP-IRISH>, mail_id: 35l56Ramx6Nc, Hits: -2.941, size: 3329, queued_as: 2485770086, 136 ms mail.info.1:Jun 15 16:41:57 bolt postfix/smtp[4743]: 375C570082: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=4.8, delays=4.7/0/0/0.14, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok, id=05399-06, from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 2485770086) Which apparently got thrue. Any ideas how to restrict this?

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• How to let hard drive sleep in RAID1 configuration?

  - by Al Kepp

  Normally in Windows 7 a hard drive stops spinning when it is not used for a longer while. This can be configured in Windows and I use it on computers which are turned on 24/7 but not used much often. My problem is on a computer with Intel X79 chipset with an integrated RAID controller. There is Windows 7 installed on an SSD drive, and there is RAID1 array with two SATA HDD drives for data. Those SATA drives aren't used much so I'd like to let them sleep (i.e stop spinning). But they ignore settings in Windows. How to let them sleep when using RAID1? It seems to me that those drives are "unstoppable", they are spinning 24/7 even when they aren't used at all. Maybe they would behave normally if I used Windows-based software RAID, but I use hardware RAID controller. Is there a way to let them stop spinning and sleep after for example 3 or 5 hours of inactivity (i.e. the same way as they would behave in Windows without RAID)?

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• Can't get an IBM xSeries 345 server to load Windows Server 2003 using ServerGuide utility

  - by Kyle Noland

  I have a client that has an IBM xSeries 345 eServer. Per the IBM support website, I have downloaded the ServerGuide Setup 7.4.17 installation ISO and burned a bootable CD. The CD boots fine and loads the utility. I walk through the following screens without any issue: Set the date and Time Detect the IBM ServeRAID card and install the latest firmware Clear the hard disks Set up the RAID array The next step is format the NOS partition. I select my partition size and the utility goes through the following steps: Creating NOS partition Formatting NOS partition (NTFS) Copying W32 files The copying W32 files takes about 10 minutes. I see the CD drive and disks working hard. When the copying is complete, I'm taken to a blank page just NOS Partitioning at the top. At the bottom of the screen are the familiar Back and Exit buttons. I see the place where the Next button should be, and if I click on it I can tell there is something there, but the space is empty. No button is displayed and clicking the empty spot doesn't ever take me to the next screen. I can't load the OS until I get past this part. I have already tried: Burning multiple copies and versions of the ServerGuide CD Letting the final screen just sit there over the weekend thinking it might advance after syncing the drives or something Has anybody else seen this? I'm really at a loss here.

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• Disk IO slow on ESXi, even slower on a VM (freeNAS + iSCSI)

  - by varesa

  I have a server with ESXi 5 and iSCSI attached network storage(4x1Tb Raid-Z on freenas 8.0.4). Those two machines are connected to each other with Gigabit ethernet. The raid-z volume is divided into three parts: two zvols, shared with iscsi, and one directly on top of zfs, shared with nfs and similar. I ssh'd into the freeNAS box, and did some testing on the disks. I used ddto test the third part of the disks (straight on top of ZFS). I copied a 4GB (2x the amount of RAM) block from /dev/zero to the disk, and the speed was 80MB/s. Other of the iSCSI shared zvols is a datastore for the ESXi. I did similar test with time dd .. there. Since the dd there did not give the speed, I divided the amount of data transfered by the time show by time. The result was around 30-40 MB/s. Thats about half of the speed from the freeNAS host! Then I tested the IO on a VM running on the same ESXi host. The VM was a light CentOS 6.0 machine, which was not really doing anything else at that time. There were no other VMs running on the server at the time, and the other two "parts" of the disk array were not used. A similar dd test gave me result of about 15-20 MB/s. That is again about half of the result on a lower level! Of course the is some overhead in raid-z - zfs - zvolume - iSCSI - VMFS - VM, but I don't expect it to be that big. I belive there must be something wrong in my system. I have heard about bad performance of freeNAS's iSCSI, is that it? I have not managed to get any other "big" SAN OS to run on the box (NexentaSTOR, openfiler). Can you see any obvious problems with my setup?

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• Is it possible to have a wireless in-house NAS with wireless data transfer rates of equivalent to SATA speeds?

  - by techaddict

  Basically I would like to know, if it is possible to set up an NAS in my house to be accessed wirelessly, that can reach equivalent real-life data transfer speeds to USB 3.0 or an internal SATA hard drive. I have been wanting to do this for some time ( a couple of years now). Basically, this is what I want to do: Plug in a number of hard drives in an array, somewhere in my house, to be left plugged in and never have to be monitored. Ideally several terabytes. Whenever I am home, to have my computer and laptop configured to automatically find the NAS, as easy as plugging in an external hard drive - except completely wirelessly. Data transfer needs to be as seamless and quick as having added another internal hard drive in my laptop. Moreover, data should be able to accessed without having to copy it over - I should be able to wirelessly access the NAS and browse files, and open files directly from the NAS. For example, say I wanted to open a video - I should be able to play the video that is located on the NAS, directly from the NAS, completely wirelessly. If I wanted to open a .pdf file, I should be able to open it and read it directly from the NAS, as if it were located on my physical internal hard drive. Cost is important as well. Please tell me what equipment I need for this to be possible. I know you geniuses out there who can tell me if this is possible.

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• RabbitMQ message consumers stop consuming messages

  - by Bruno Thomas

  Hi server fault, Our team is in a spike sprint to choose between ActiveMQ or RabbitMQ. We made 2 little producer/consumer spikes sending an object message with an array of 16 strings, a timestamp, and 2 integers. The spikes are ok on our devs machines (messages are well consumed). Then came the benchs. We first noticed that somtimes, on our machines, when we were sending a lot of messages the consumer was sometimes hanging. It was there, but the messsages were accumulating in the queue. When we went on the bench plateform : cluster of 2 rabbitmq machines 4 cores/3.2Ghz, 4Gb RAM, load balanced by a VIP one to 6 consumers running on the rabbitmq machines, saving the messages in a mysql DB (same type of machine for the DB) 12 producers running on 12 AS machines (tomcat), attacked with jmeter running on another machine. The load is about 600 to 700 http request per second, on the servlets that produces the same load of RabbitMQ messages. We noticed that sometimes, consumers hang (well, they are not blocked, but they dont consume messages anymore). We can see that because each consumer save around 100 msg/sec in database, so when one is stopping consumming, the overall messages saved per seconds in DB fall down with the same ratio (if let say 3 consumers stop, we fall around 600 msg/sec to 300 msg/sec). During that time, the producers are ok, and still produce at the jmeter rate (around 600 msg/sec). The messages are in the queues and taken by the consumers still "alive". We load all the servlets with the producers first, then launch all the consumers one by one, checking if the connexions are ok, then run jmeter. We are sending messages to one direct exchange. All consumers are listening to one persistent queue bounded to the exchange. That point is major for our choice. Have you seen this with rabbitmq, do you have an idea of what is going on ? Thank you for your answers.

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• Very poor SCSI hd performance on IBM x336 with LSI 1030 RAID1

  - by David Tschoepe

  I'm experiencing very poor performance on an IBM x336 server with dual 73GB 15k hard drives on a U320 controller, LSI 1030. We're getting maybe 3.5MB/sec max (per HD Tune utility). It should be over 100MB/sec at least, I would think (another x335 box is running 70-80MB/sec). The server was recently setup and didn't really notice the problem, but may have been there from the beginning, so not sure. I have installed the IBM ServerRAID Windows utility. The server is running Windows 2008 R2 Web edition (if that matters). I thought maybe one of the drives was bad, so far I have removed one of the drives out of the array and tested again, but still the same results. I'm waiting for the RAID1 to resync and I will try pulling the other drive next. I've also used the ServerRAID utility but haven't noticed anything in there that might indicate a problem. Not sure if I'm on the right path here. So looking for some advice to track this down.

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• Server currently under DDOS, not sure what to do

  - by Volex

  My web server is currently under a DDOS attack I believe, the messages log is full of these kind of messages: May 13 15:51:19 kernel: nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. May 13 15:51:19 last message repeated 9 times May 13 15:51:24 kernel: __ratelimit: 78 callbacks suppressed May 13 15:51:24 kernel: nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet. May 13 15:52:06 kernel: possible SYN flooding on port 80. Sending cookies. and a netstat has a huge amount of the following: tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http bb176da0.virtua.com.br:4998 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 187.0.43.109:2694 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 109.229.4.145:1722 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 189-84-163-244.sodobr:63267 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http bd66839d.virtua.com.br:3469 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 69.101.56.190.dsl.int:52552 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http pc-62-230-47-190.cm.vt:2262 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http 189-84-163-244.sodobr:63418 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http pc-62-230-47-190.cm.vt:1741 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http zaq3d739320.zaq.ne.jp:2141 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 my.host.com:http netacc-gpn-4-80-73.po:52676 SYN_RECV tcpdump shows: 7:11:08.564510 IP 187-4-1xx-4.xxx.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.54821 > my.host.com.http: S 999692166:999692166(0) win 65535 <mss 1452,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.566347 IP 114-44-171-67.dynamic.hinet.net.1129 > my.host.com.http: S 605369055:605369055(0) win 65535 <mss 1440,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.570210 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5590 > my.host.com.http: S 2813379182:2813379182(0) win 16384 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.571290 IP dsl-189-143-30-99-dyn.prod-infinitum.com.mx.1615 > my.host.com.http: S 281542700:281542700(0) win 65535 <mss 1452,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.583847 IP dsl-189-143-30-99-dyn.prod-infinitum.com.mx.1617 > my.host.com.http: S 499413892:499413892(0) win 65535 <mss 1452,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.588680 IP 170.51.229.112.2569 > my.host.com.http: S 2195084898:2195084898(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.588773 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3180 > my.host.com.http: F 2315901786:2315901786(0) ack 2620913033 win 64240 17:11:08.590656 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5614 > my.host.com.http: S 2813715032:2813715032(0) win 16384 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591212 IP 203.82.82.54.15848 > my.host.com.http: S 4070423507:4070423507(0) win 16384 <mss 1400,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591254 IP 203.82.82.54.2545 > my.host.com.http: S 1790910784:1790910784(0) win 16384 <mss 1400,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591289 IP 203.82.82.54.28306 > my.host.com.http: S 578615626:578615626(0) win 16384 <mss 1400,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.591591 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3191 > my.host.com.http: F 2316435991:2316435991(0) ack 2634205972 win 64240 17:11:08.591790 IP 200-101-13-130.pvoce300.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br.5593 > my.host.com.http: S 2813659017:2813659017(0) win 16384 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 17:11:08.593691 IP gw2-1.211.ru.3203 > my.host.com.http: F 2316834420:2316834420(0) ack 2629074987 win 64240 I'm not sure what I can do to limit/mitigate this, currently no webpages are being served, any help gratefully appreciated.

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• Why are SMART error rates going down?

  - by Jeff Shattock

  I have a hard drive that's part of a Linux software raid5 array. SMART has reported that its multi_zone_error_rate was 0, then 1, then 3. So I figured I better start backing up more frequently and prepare to replace the drive. Now, today, the multi_zone_error_rate of that very same drive is back down to 1. It seems that 2 errors unhappened while I wasn't looking. I've also seen simliar behaviour by inspecting the syslog on the server. Jun 7 21:01:17 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sdc, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 200 to 100 Jun 7 21:01:17 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sde, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 200 to 100 Jun 7 21:01:18 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sdg, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 200 to 100 Jun 8 02:31:18 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sdg, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 100 to 200 Jun 8 03:01:17 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sdc, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 100 to 200 Jun 8 03:01:17 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sde, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 100 to 200 These are raw values, not the human-useful values that smartctl -a produces, but the behaviour is similar: error rates changing, then undoing the change. None of these are the drive that had the multi_zone weirdness. I haven't seen any problems from the RAID; its most recent scrub ( < 24 hours ago) came back totally clean. The only thing I can think of is that the SMART reporting circuitry on the drive isn't working properly all the time. The cables are in tight on the drive and board. What's going on here?

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• Chrome caching 302 redirects

  - by Thermionix

  I have a php script with is used to rotate banner images on a site. Under Firefox/IE page refreshes will make another request and a different image will be returned. Under Chrome, the request seems to be cached and only opening the page in a new tab will cause it to actually query the script. I believe this used to work in older versions of chrome, I've tried a few different types of redirect codes all with the same result. Any tips? <img class="banner" src="/inc/banner.php" alt=""> ~$ cat /var/www/inc/banner.php <?php header("HTTP/1.1 302 Redirect"); header("Cache-Control: max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"); //header('HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect'); //header("expires: none"); //header("expires: max"); //header("Cache-Control: public"); $folder = '../img/banner/'; $exts = 'jpg jpeg png gif'; $files = array(); $i = -1; if ('' == $folder) $folder = './'; $handle = opendir($folder); $exts = explode(' ', $exts); while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) { foreach($exts as $ext) { // for each extension check the extension if (preg_match('/\.'.$ext.'$/i', $file, $test)) { // faster than ereg, case insensitive $files[] = $file; // it's good ++$i; } } } closedir($handle); // We're not using it anymore mt_srand((double)microtime()*1000000); // seed for PHP < 4.2 $rand = mt_rand(0, $i); // $i was incremented as we went along header('Location: '.$folder.$files[$rand]); flush(); ?> curl output; ~$ curl -I -k https://example.net/inc/banner.php HTTP/1.1 302 Redirect Server: nginx/1.1.14 Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 03:23:46 GMT Content-Type: text/html Connection: keep-alive X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.10-1ubuntu1 Cache-Control: max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate Location: ../img/banner/2.jpg

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• linux hardware raid 10 / lvm / virtual machine partition alignment and filesystem optimization

  - by Jason Ward

  I've been reading everything I can find about partition alignment and filesystem optimization (ext4 and xfs) but still don't know enough to be confident in setting up my current configuration. My remaining confusion comes from the LVM layer and if I should use raid parameters on the filesystem in guest os'es. My main questions are: When I use 'pvcreate --dataalignment' do I use the stripe-width as calculated for a filesystem on RAID (128kB for ext4 in my situation), the Stripe size of the RAID set (256kB), something else altogether, or do I not need this? When I create ext2/3/4 or xfs filesystems in guests on the Logical Volumes, should I add the settings for the underlying RAID (e.g. mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -E stride=64,stripe-width=128)? Does anyone see any glaring errors in my set up below? I'm running some benchmarks now but haven't done enough to start comparing results. I have four drives in RAID 10 on a 3ware 9750-4i controller (more details on the settings below) giving me a 6.0TB device at /dev/sda. Here is my partition table: Model: LSI 9750-4i DISK (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 5722024MiB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1.00MiB 257MiB 256MiB ext4 BOOTPART boot 2 257MiB 4353MiB 4096MiB linux-swap(v1) 3 4353MiB 266497MiB 262144MiB ext4 4 266497MiB 4460801MiB 4194304MiB Partition 1 is to be the /boot partition for my xen host. Partition 2 is swap. Partition 3 is to be the root (/) for my xen host. Partition 4 is to be (the only) physical volume to be used by LVM (for those who are counting, I left about 1.2TB unallocated for now) For my Xen guests, I usually create a Logical Volume of the needed size and present it to the guests for them to partition as needed. I know there are other ways of handling that but this method works best for my situation. Here's the hardware of interest on my CentOS 6.3 Xen Host: 4x Seagate Barracuda 3TB ST3000DM001 Drives (sector size: 512 logical/4096 physical) 3ware 9750-4i w/BBU (sector size reported: 512 logical/512 physical) All four drives make up a RAID 10 array. Stripe: 256kB Write Cache enabled Read Cache: intelligent StoreSave: Balance Thanks!

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