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• How are design-by-contract and property-based testing (QuickCheck) related?

  - by Todd Owen

  Is their only similarity the fact that they are not xUnit (or more precisely, not based on enumerating specific test cases), or is it deeper than that? Property-based testing (using QuickCheck, ScalaCheck, etc) seem well-suited to a functional programming style where side-effects are avoided. On the other hand, Design by Contract (as implemented in Eiffel) is more suited to OOP languages: you can express post-conditions about the effects of methods, not just their return values. But both of them involve testing assertions that are true in general (rather than assertions that should be true for a specific test case). And both can be tested using randomly generated inputs (with QuickCheck this is the only way, whereas with Eiffel I believe it is an optional feature of the AutoTest tool). Is there an umbrella term to encompass both approaches? Or am I imagining a relationship that doesn't really exist.

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• clone() only partially doable; how to react?

  - by hllnll

  Suppose we have a class-hierarchy whose base class B requires a clone() method to be defined in its derivations. Whilst this works perfectly for most of them there is this one derivation X that holds an optional reference to a resource/object that can only be referenced from one instance of X. Whilst the rest of X can be cloned without problems this reference would have to be set to null/nil/nullptr. What is the correct way to handle this situation? X::clone() could throw an UncloneableException. Though this would be correct, it is not satisfying. Set the reference to null/nil/nullptr and leave no notice of it. The user of X has to know about Xs "particularities". Require derivations of B to define B::nearestClone(): the user of B has to be aware that the return value might not be a 1:1 clone. Something else?

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• 14.04 missing "/etc/init.d/ufw"? my firewall never auto starts

  - by Aquarius Power

  I need to know how to fix the missing "/etc/init.d/ufw" file, is it some package or some command? I used the gufw to enable it, but on reboot my firewall was still off... I created a symlink /etc/init.d/ufw -> /lib/init/upstart-job but I could not make it work like start ufw. I found this file /lib/ufw/ufw-init, it looks like a init.d file! can I copy or symlink it there? Additional (optional) questions: How to find what package has that file? apt-cache search didnt work.. Can we safely create such a script? Any idea why is it missing? Obs.: my /etc/ufw/ufw.conf has ENABLED=yes (but seems useless..)

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• Is there a debian/ubuntu policy on softlinking things to another location in opt once they're installed?

  - by AbrahamVanHelpsing

  Is there a debian/ubuntu policy on softlinking things to another location in opt once they're installed properly in usr/share or usr/lib? Here's a simple example: Packaging up dnsenum. It's a REALLY simple package (4 files). A perl script, two wordlists, and a readme. So from what I gather: The wordlists should go in usr/share/dnsenum/* The perl script itself would go in usr/lib/dnsenum/ The readme would go in usr/share/doc/dnsenum/ Add a wrapper bash script that goes in bin and just passes arguments to dnsenum.pl. The question is this: If there are various tools that provide wordlists or some other shared resource, is there a policy on linking all the wordlists from different packages in to /opt/wordlists/ ? It seems like the "right" thing to do respecting the directory structure while still making things convenient.

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• What can I do to encourage teams to lighten up? [closed]

  - by Rahul

  I work with a geographically distributed team (different timezones) with people from various cultures and background. Some of us have never met each other in person but we communicate with each other over phone, chat and email almost on an hourly basis. Most of our meetings and discussions are dead serious and boring. What's worse, any attempt at humor is not very well received because of cultural differences. I feel that we are all taking our work a bit too seriously. We don't shy away from painful arguments, nasty emails and heated discussions when things go wrong but never attempt to develop camaraderie or friendships in better times. I would like to know your experiences with such situations and what, if anything, did you do to lighten things up at workplace.

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• Why is not there a python compiler to native machine's code?

  - by user2986898

  As I understand, the cause of the speed difference between compiled languages and python is, that the first compiles code all way to the native machine's code, whereas python compiles to python bytecode, to be interpreted by the PVM. I see that this way python codes can be used on multiple operation system (at least in most cases), however I do not understand, why is not there an additional (and optional) compiler for python, which compiles the same way as traditional compilers. This would leave to the programmer to chose, which is more important to them; multiplatform executability or performance on native machine. In general; why are not there any languages which could be behave both as compiled and interpreted?

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• Is it possible to have my desktop loaded before login?

  - by Dims

  I am connecting to the system with Putty (this is Windows SSH client) then running some service in interactive personal mode. For example this is a script to run freeswitch: dims@nebulla:~$ cat freeswitch.sh #!/bin/sh cd ~/bin/freeswitch/bin gnome-terminal -e ./freeswitch & I.e. it is installed in user directory. Also DISPLAY is set to :0 The problem is that I can't use this script until login once. Script responds with dims@nebulla:~$ ./freeswitch.sh dims@nebulla:~$ No protocol specified Failed to parse arguments: Cannot open display: After login, I can do "Switch user" and see login screen but script will be able to run since desktop exists. My question is: is it possible to "preload" my desktop, so that initial situation was as if I loogged in and the went to switch user?

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• Boots to terminal

  - by Core Xii

  I had a system running 10.04, I think. I upgraded it to 11.04, everything was fine. But then when I upgraded it further to 11.10, the system would only boot to a terminal, no desktop like before. I installed 12.04 on it instead, keeping /home which was on another partition... but it's still booting to terminal. I believe there may be some bad configuration files left over that are causing this. Looking at other similar issues, I looked for /etc/X11/xorg.conf but it doesn't exist. startx says it isn't installed. Installing nvidia-current didn't help (has GF 6600 GT video card). Alt+F7 shows a blank screen. I used the alternate installer, and didn't select any of the optional packages it prompts during installation. Should I have? How do I get it to boot to desktop like normal?

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• What is the difference between _Procedural Generation_ and _Random Generation_?

  - by U-No-Poo

  Today, I got into an argument about the term "procedural generation". My point was that its different from "classic" random generation in that procedural generation is based on a more mathematical, fractal-based, algorithm leading to a more "realistic" distribution and the usual randomness of most languages are based on a pseudo-random-number generator, leading to an "unrealistic", in a way, ugly, distribution. This discussion was made with a heightmap in mind. The discussion left me somehow unconvinced about my own arguments though, so, is there more to it? Or am I the one who is, in fact, simply wrong?

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• Subscribe/Publish Model in Web-based Application (c#) - Best Practices for Event Handlers

  - by KingOfHypocrites

  I was recently exposed to a desktop application that uses an publish/subscribe model to handle commands, events, etc. I can't seem to find any good examples of using this in a web application, so I wonder if I am off base in trying to use this for web based development (on the server side)? I'm using asp.net c#. My main question in regards to the design is: When using a publish/subscribe model, is it better to have generic commands/events that pass no parameters and then have the subscribers look at static context objects that contain the data relevant to the event? Or is it better to create custom arguments for every event that contain data related to the event? The whole concept of a global container seems so convenient but at the same time seems to break encapsulation. Any thoughts or best practices from anyone who has implemented this type of model in a web based application? Even suggestions on this model out of the scope of my question are appreciated.

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• Is there a formal name for gradually activating software changes?

  - by g .

  At times when we develop new features or functionality, we gradually "turn it on" to ensure a smooth transition and minimal impact for users. Instead of one big sudden change, we are able to control with the configuration aspects of the functionality that make it more or less intrusive to the user. This is all done in the same release/version of the software, so no software development changes are required (unless bugs turn up that need to be fixed). For example, initially we may only perform logging or analysis of data without acting upon it. Or we make something optional for a period of time before it becomes compulsory. The idea is that this reduces the potential for problems either on the technical side as well as unexpected changes by the user. The question is, is there a formal name for this approach?

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• Typescript - A free add-on for Visual Studio 2012

  - by TATWORTH

  At http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=34790, Microsoft are providing a free add-on for Visual Studio. If you have any version of Visual Studio 2012, it provides an editor for Typescript."TypeScript is a language for application-scale JavaScript. TypeScript adds optional types, classes, and modules to JavaScript. TypeScript supports tools for large-scale JavaScript applications for any browser, for any host, on any OS. TypeScript compiles to clean, readable, standards-based JavaScript. Try it out at http://www.typescriptlang.org/playground."I look forward to type-safe JavaScript!There is a tutorial for it at http://www.typescriptlang.org/tutorial/

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• Get your picture on the screen at MIX11: Help me create a repository of sample data

  - by Laurent Bugnion

  Here is your chance to get your picture on the big screen during my MIX11 presentation in April this year. I need to create a small repository of sample data for my demos. So instead of tapping in my imagination and creating dummy users (or reusing past information I already used in other demos), I thought I would appeal to the amazing community: Send me an email with the following information. I will include the first 30 users into my sample data repository and use your info in my demo. First Name Last Name Date of birth Picture Link to Facebook profile (optional) Disclaimer: The data will only be running locally on my hard drive. The demos will however be filmed and the videos made public. By providing this information, you explicitly consent to this data being used in demos at MIX11 and possibly in following conferences. The data will only be used for demo purposes. Thanks for your help!!   Laurent Bugnion (GalaSoft) Subscribe | Twitter | Facebook | Flickr | LinkedIn

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• Finding the median of the merged array of two sorted arrays in O(logN)?

  - by user176517

  Refering to the solution present at MIT handout I have tried to figure out the solution myself but have got stuck and I believe I need help to understand the following points. In the function header used in the solution MEDIAN -SEARCH (A[1 . . l], B[1 . . m], max(1,n/2 - m), min(l, n/2)) I do not understand the last two arguments why not simply 1, l why the max and min respectively. Thanking You.

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• poor performance while exporting data to excel from DB2

  - by Naga

  I am facing a performance issue while exporting data from DB2 to Excel 2003. Well the very first reason is file is about 10+ MB where it goes outofMemory Exception. I am using XLSTransformer and HSSFWorkbook classes to transform my xls file. I also have joins in my query( optional). But user most likely is going to choose these options. When they do so, of course, the data becomes huge and take lot of time and some times goes outOfMemory too. So Please advice me on this.

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• GPL question : web application using Imagick and GhostScript => Which would be the final licence?

  - by sdespont

  I am a bit confusing and I need your help to undertand my problem. I have developed a web application (PHP, JQuery) for one of my customer. Recently, my customer ask me to add a new feature permitting PDF to JPG conversion. After web browsing, I have discovered that iMagick (Apache licence) PHP extension with GhostScript (GPL licence) is the only solution. But, as my customer want to sell the web application to others companies, I have to use non-GPL licences. By the way, this feature is OPTIONAL and the final user must download and install manually iMagick and GhostScript if he his interesting by using the PDF conversion. Is there someone to tell me if the fact to use Imagick to convert PDF to JPG (and therefore use GhostScript) turns my current proprietary licence to GPL? And what about if I don't use Imagick but call GhostScript using PHP exec() function? Is there others non-GPL projects to convert PDF to JPG that I could use with PHP? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• What Part of Your Project Should be in Source Code Control?

  - by muffinista

  A fellow developer has started work on a new Drupal project, and the sysadmin has suggested that they should only put the sites/default subdirectory in source control, because it "will make updates easily scriptable." Setting aside that somewhat dubious claim, it raises another question -- what files should be under source control? And is there a situation where some large chunk of files should be excluded? My opinion is that the entire tree for the project should be under control, and this would be true for a Drupal project, rails, or anything else. This seems like a no-brainer -- you clearly need versioning for your framework as much as you do for any custom code you write. That said, I would love to get other opinions on this. Are there any arguments for not having everything under control? Is this sysadmin a BOFH?

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• Several classes need to access the same data, where should the data be declared?

  - by Juicy

  I have a basic 2D tower defense game in C++. Each map is a separate class which inherits from GameState. The map delegates the logic and drawing code to each object in the game and sets data such as the map path. In pseudo-code the logic section might look something like this: update(): for each creep in creeps: creep.update() for each tower in towers: tower.update() for each missile in missiles: missile.update() The objects (creeps, towers and missiles) are stored in vector-of-pointers. The towers must have access to the vector-of-creeps and the vector-of-missiles to create new missiles and identify targets. The question is: where do I declare the vectors? Should they be members of the Map class, and passed as arguments to the tower.update() function? Or declared globally? Or are there other solutions I'm missing entirely?

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• Team Foundation Server– Debug symbols(pdb files) generated in Release build? Fix it.

  - by Gopinath

  Yesterday I setup TFS for my .NET playground website to implement continuous integration and deployments. After a successful build I noticed that debug symbols(pdb files) were generated even though TFS is configured to build in Release mode.  After a bit of analysis its turned out to be the behavior of TFS to generate debug symbols (pdb files) until we pass the attribute DebugType = None. Here are the steps to pass DebugType parameter to MSBuild of TFS Go to Team Explorer Select Build Defintion >> Edit Build Definition Switch to Process tab Navigate to Advanced Section and locate MSBuild Arguments Add the following: /p:Configuration=Release /p:DebugType=none

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• are there compiler options in clang? [on hold]

  - by Deohboeh

  I am learning from The C++ Primer. One of the exercises is to compile a program with arguments in main(). For this I am trying to use mac terminal. I need to compile a C++11 Unix executable file named "main" which takes “f" as an argument. I am using Xcode 4.6.3 on OS X Lion. I compiled the program with clang++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ main.cpp -o main. But don’t know what to do next. I found -frecord-gcc-switches while searching compiler options on google. It does what I need to do. Is there a clang version of this? Please use simple language. I have never used command line before. I tried going through the clang user guide but a lot of it is out of my depth.

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• Bug severity classification issues

  - by KyleMinn

  In a book I have, there is a following classification of defect: Critical : A defect receives a “critical” severity level if one or more critical system functionalities are impaired by a defect with is impaired and there is no workaround. High: A defect receives a “high” severity level if some fundamental system functionalities are impaired but a workaround exists. Medium: A defect receives a “medium” severity level if no critical functionality is impaired and a workaround exists for the defect. Low: A defect receives a “low” severity level if the problem involves a cosmetic feature of the system. To be honest, I do not get it.. For example point 2. What if fundamental but not critical feature is impaired and there is NOT a workaround. The same for point 3: what if no critical functionality is affected but there is no workaround? E.g. optional field in the registration form does not work. No workaround but barely an issue.

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• Startup applications 14.04

  - by gpalthrow

  I'm trying to mount 3 partitions by default when I log in. I used to do that with the start up applications in 12.04 However there seems to be a nasty bug in 14.04 where false command duplicates are removed (apparently, only the command is taken into account, even if the arguments differ). I tried using one single command instead of 3, putting all the devices in one line (something like /usr/bin/udisks --mount /dev/sdb1; /usr/bin/udisks --mount /dev/sdb2; /usr/bin/udisks --mount /dev/sdb3; ) However it does not seem to work either. What can I do to have 3 partitions mounted by default (with their label) ?!

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• Is there a formal name for gradually initiating software changes?

  - by g .

  At times when we develop new features or functionality, we gradually "turn it on" to ensure a smooth transition and minimal impact for users. Instead of one big sudden change, we are able to control with the configuration aspects of the functionality that make it more or less intrusive to the user. This is all done in the same release/version of the software, so no software development changes are required (unless bugs turn up that need to be fixed). For example, initially we may only perform logging or analysis of data without acting upon it. Or we make something optional for a period of time before it becomes compulsory. The idea is that this reduces the potential for problems either on the technical side as well as unexpected changes by the user. The question is, is there a formal name for this approach?

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• Is there a well grounded theory on backward and forward compatibility of formats, languages, grammars and vocabularies?

  - by Breton

  I have a friend who has the specific problem of building a case against the use of a custom HTML <wrapper> tag in some site's markup. Now, intuitively we can answer that use of such a tag is risky, as future HTML specs may define a wrapper tag with semantics that conflict with its use on the site. We can also appeal to a particular section of the HTML5 spec which also recommends against the use of custom tags for this reason. And while I agree with the conclusion, I find these arguments a little on the weak side, on their own. Is there some well grounded and proven theory in computer science from which we can derive this conclusion? Have programming language theorists created proofs about the properties of vocabulary versioning, or some such thing?

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• Are there any reasons to use Bazaar over Hg or Git?

  - by NeuronQ

  The world of DVCSs seems split between Git and Mercurial nowadays, but lots of projects and places (like my new employer) use Bazaar. And it's not a thing of inertia where people just use something because "that's how it's always been done", these guys are agile and sometimes seem to embrace change just for the fun of having more things to fix. Yet no one gave me any convincing arguments for using Bzr over Hg or Git. I can get seeing Git as "too complicated" but you can't use this king of judgement between Hg and Bzr. So then, what are the features of Bazaar that would justify its use over Mercurial (or Git) in any given situation?

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