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  • Recipient address rejected: User unknown in local recipient table;

    - by Thufir
    I've gone through the guide for mailman with some difficulty, but seem to be nearly there. I'm able to navigate to the mailman web GUI, create lists and subscribe. I just subscribe my local FQDN, so [email protected] for testing purposes. This FQDN only works on localhost. However, e-mails to the list address, in this case [email protected], are rejected: root@dur:~# root@dur:~# tail /var/log/mail.log Aug 28 08:28:43 dur postfix/master[12208]: terminating on signal 15 Aug 28 08:28:44 dur postfix/postfix-script[12322]: starting the Postfix mail system Aug 28 08:28:44 dur postfix/master[12323]: daemon started -- version 2.9.1, configuration /etc/postfix Aug 28 08:28:46 dur postfix/postfix-script[12332]: stopping the Postfix mail system Aug 28 08:28:46 dur postfix/master[12323]: terminating on signal 15 Aug 28 08:28:47 dur postfix/postfix-script[12437]: starting the Postfix mail system Aug 28 08:28:47 dur postfix/master[12438]: daemon started -- version 2.9.1, configuration /etc/postfix Aug 28 08:29:29 dur postfix/smtpd[12460]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Aug 28 08:29:30 dur postfix/smtpd[12460]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: User unknown in local recipient table; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<dur.bounceme.net> Aug 28 08:29:33 dur postfix/smtpd[12460]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1] root@dur:~# root@dur:~# ll /var/lib/mailman/data/ total 56 drwxrwsr-x 2 root list 4096 Aug 28 08:28 ./ drwxrwsr-x 8 root list 4096 Aug 27 19:58 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root list 0 Aug 28 04:36 aliases -rw-r--r-- 1 root list 12288 Aug 28 04:36 aliases.db -rw-r--r-- 1 root list 12288 Aug 28 08:28 aliases.db.db -rw-r----- 1 root list 41 Aug 27 21:04 creator.pw -rw-rw-r-- 1 root list 10 Aug 27 19:58 last_mailman_version -rw-r--r-- 1 root list 14100 Oct 19 2011 sitelist.cfg root@dur:~# root@dur:~# grep alias /etc/postfix/main.cf alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases alias_database = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases.db #alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases root@dur:~# root@dur:~# postconf -n alias_database = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases.db alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix default_transport = smtp home_mailbox = Maildir/ inet_interfaces = loopback-only mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/conf.d/01-mail-stack-delivery.conf -m "${EXTENSION}" mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1 mydestination = $myhostname localhost.$mydomain localhost $mydomain myhostname = dur.bounceme.net mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = lists.example.com relay_transport = relay relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-mail.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-mail.key smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport root@dur:~# Why is this e-mail rejected? It seems to, maybe be related to the alias_maps and alias_database settings in postfix.

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  • looking for information about HP openview servicedesk api or understanding an api without any information about one

    - by Zagorulkin Dmitry
    Good day folks. I am very confused in this situation. I need to implement system which will be based on HP open view service desk 4.5 api. But this system are reached the end of supporting period. On oficial site no information available I am looking an information about this API(articles, samples etc). Now i have only web-api.jar and javadoc. Methods in javadoc is bad documented. If you have any info, please share it with me. Thanks. Second question: there are methods for api(with huge amount of methods) understanding if it not documented or information is not available? PS:If it question is not belong here i will delete it.

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  • Oracle University Nuevos cursos (Week 14)

    - by swalker
    Oracle University ha publicado recientemenete las siguentes formaciones (o versiones) nuevos: Database Oracle Data Modeling and Relational Database Design (4 days) Fusion Middleware Oracle Directory Services 11g: Administration (5 days) Oracle Unified Directory 11g: Services Deployment Essentials (2 days) Oracle GoldenGate 11g Management Pack: Overview (1 day) Business Intelligence & Datawarehousing Oracle Database 11g: Data Mining Techniques (2 days) Oracle Solaris Oracle Solaris 10 System Administration for HP-UX Administrators (5 days) E-Business Suite R12.x Oracle Time and Labor Fundamentals Póngase en contacto con el equipo local de Oracle University para conocer las fechas y otros detalles de los cursos. Manténgase conectado a Oracle University: LinkedIn OracleMix Twitter Facebook Google+

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  • Using Movemail with Thunderbird on Ubuntu

    - by rxt
    I'm trying to read local mail with Thunderbird on Ubuntu (with both 12.04 and 13.04). I've followed the instructions found here: How can I access system mail in /var/mail/ via thunderbird? I can read mail on the system using alpine or vim, so I know the mailbox is not empty. When I click the get-mail button, nothing happens. I see no Inbox (or any folder structure) for the specific account. I've set the rights for /var/mail to 1777. Settings server name: localhost username: john How can I get this working? Okay, considering the extra bounty, I would like to get this working like normal mail. The accepted answer from Qasim resulted in a much more usable situation than before - opening mail in Thunderbird with layout. I still face three problems though. When new mail is received in the mailbox, Thunderbird won't see this until after I restart Thunderbird. When Thunderbird is restarted, all mail is reset to unread and deleted mail is undone. This is probably because Thunderbird reads the mail from the /var/mail/www-data file, but doesn't update this file. So after restarting, it simply reads this file again, with the new mail and all old mail. This is probably a postfix issue: mail is sent out to existing mail addresses, but cannot be delivered because the receiving mailserver cannot be reached. This results in "Undelivered mail returned to sender". Only one mailserver can be reached: localhost. Because this is a test system, I don't want real customers to receive mail. I've blocked mail ports in UFW to be sure. When opening the returned mail, I can scroll down and then I see the original mail with proper layout. So I can read the mail, see if the proper images are included, and for me that's workable. Having to restart TB to read new mail - I know when new mail arrives, so I know when to restart. Having old mail restored after a restart - not big problem as well. I can delete the mail file if it gets too much. I know how it works, but it would be nice if it worked like normal.

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  • Is it a bug or a task when something doesn't work, yet, in development process

    - by Patkos Csaba
    We usually have this dilemma in our team. Sometimes, in order to implement a task or a story we find out that the system must be in a specific state. For example, a specific system configuration has to be made beforehand. The task / story can be completed and it is working as specified on it with the proper configuration in place. Note that the configuration is not directly related with the task. Next, we have to create a new ... ??? ... something for the process of generating that configuration file. This is where the problems appear. Some say that it is a bug others say it is a task or an extra feature. So, where is the limit between bugs and tasks in the development phase? Should we even consider something a bug if all the tasks are working as stated in their definitions? Can a thing be considered a bug because one compares it to the current (unstable) state of the system? Short example: A feature requires configuring a communication service for a specific operation. In the process of the implementation the team discovers that the service requires the hostnames of the pears to be resolvable to an IP address. The team adds the hostnames to the DNS server (or hosts files) and continues implementing the required feature. After the initial feature is working, a question is risen. Should the sysadmin configure the DNS or hosts file or should our application do it automatically? An automatic solution is possible. So a decision is made to implement it. ... here start the discussions ... is this a bug or an extra feature / task? PS: I know that I mixed feature / task / story in the question. It is intentional. I am interested in separating bugs from the rest. Doesn't matter what the rest means in a particular case.

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  • CodePlex Daily Summary for Monday, December 03, 2012

    CodePlex Daily Summary for Monday, December 03, 2012Popular Releasesmenu4web: menu4web 1.1 - free javascript menu: menu4web 1.1 has been tested with all major browsers: Firefox, Chrome, IE, Opera and Safari. Minified m4w.js library is less than 9K. Includes 22 menu examples of different styles. Can be freely distributed under The MIT License (MIT).Quest: Quest 5.3 Beta: New features in Quest 5.3 include: Grid-based map (sponsored by Phillip Zolla) Changable POV (sponsored by Phillip Zolla) Game log (sponsored by Phillip Zolla) Customisable object link colour (sponsored by Phillip Zolla) More room description options (by James Gregory) More mathematical functions now available to expressions Desktop Player uses the same UI as WebPlayer - this will make it much easier to implement customisation options New sorting functions: ObjectListSort(list,...Mi-DevEnv: Development 0.1: First Drop This is the first drop of files now placed under source control. Today the system ran end to end, creating a virtual machine and installing multiple products without a single prompt or key press being required. This is a snapshot of the first release. All files are under source control. Assumes Hyper-V under Server 2012 or Windows 8, using Windows Management Framework with PowerShell 3.Chinook Database: Chinook Database 1.4: Chinook Database 1.4 This is a sample database available in multiple formats: SQL scripts for multiple database vendors, embeded database files, and XML format. The Chinook data model is available here. ChinookDatabase1.4_CompleteVersion.zip is a complete package for all supported databases/data sources. There are also packages for each specific data source. Supported Database ServersDB2 EffiProz MySQL Oracle PostgreSQL SQL Server SQL Server Compact SQLite Issues Resolved293...RiP-Ripper & PG-Ripper: RiP-Ripper 2.9.34: changes FIXED: Thanks Function when "Download each post in it's own folder" is disabled FIXED: "PixHub.eu" linksCleverBobCat: CleverBobCat 1.1.2: Changes: - Control loss of cart when decoupled fixed - Some problems with energy transfer usage if disabled system fixedD3 Loot Tracker: 1.5.6: Updated to work with D3 version 1.0.6.13300DirectQ: DirectQ II 2012-11-29: A (slightly) modernized port of Quake II to D3D9. You need SM3 or better hardware to run this - if you don't have it, then don't even bother. It should work on Windows Vista, 7 or 8; it may also work on XP but I haven't tested. Known bugs include: Some mods may not work. This is unfortunately due to the nature of Quake II's game DLLs; sometimes a recompile of the game DLL is all that's needed. In any event, ensure that the game DLL is compatible with the last release of Quake II first (...Magelia WebStore Open-source Ecommerce software: Magelia WebStore 2.2: new UI for the Administration console Bugs fixes and improvement version 2.2.215.3JayData - The cross-platform HTML5 data-management library for JavaScript: JayData 1.2.5: What's new in JayData 1.2.5For detailed release notes check the release notes. Handlebars template engine supportImplement data manager applications with JayData using Handlebars.js for templating. Include JayDataModules/handlebars.js and begin typing the mustaches :) Blogpost: Handlebars templates in JayData Handlebars helpers and model driven commanding in JayData Easy JayStorm cloud data managementManage cloud data using the same syntax and data management concept just like any other data ...nopCommerce. Open source shopping cart (ASP.NET MVC): nopcommerce 2.70: Highlight features & improvements: • Performance optimization. • Search engine optimization. ID-less URLs for products, categories, and manufacturers. • Added ACL support (access control list) on products and categories. • Minify and bundle JavaScript files. • Allow a store owner to decide which billing/shipping address fields are enabled/disabled/required (like it's already done for the registration page). • Moved to MVC 4 (.NET 4.5 is required). • Now Visual Studio 2012 is required to work ...SQL Server Partition Management: Partition Management Release 3.0: Release 3.0 adds support for SQL Server 2012 and is backward compatible with SQL Server 2008 and 2005. The release consists of: • A Readme file • The Executable • The source code (Visual Studio project) Enhancements include: -- Support for Columnstore indexes in SQL Server 2012 -- Ability to create TSQL scripts for staging table and index creation operations -- Full support for global date and time formats, locale independent -- Support for binary partitioning column types -- Fixes to is...NHook - A debugger API: NHook 1.0: x86 debugger Resolve symbol from MS Public server Resolve RVA from executable's image Add breakpoints Assemble / Disassemble target process assembly More information here, you can also check unit tests that are real sample code.PDF Library: PDFLib v2.0: Release notes This new version include many bug fixes and include support for stream objects and cross-reference object streams. New FeatureExtract images from the PDFDocument.Editor: 2013.5: Whats new for Document.Editor 2013.5: New Read-only File support New Check For Updates support Minor Bug Fix's, improvements and speed upsMCEBuddy 2.x: MCEBuddy 2.3.10: Critical Update to 2.3.9: Changelog for 2.3.10 (32bit and 64bit) 1. AsfBin executable missing from build 2. Removed extra references from build to avoid conflict 3. Showanalyzer installation now checked on remote engine machine Changelog for 2.3.9 (32bit and 64bit) 1. Added support for WTV output profile 2. Added support for minimizing MCEBuddy to the system tray 3. Added support for custom archive folder 4. Added support to disable subdirectory monitoring 5. Added support for better TS fil...DotNetNuke® Community Edition CMS: 07.00.00: Major Highlights Fixed issue that caused profiles of deleted users to be available Removed the postback after checkboxes are selected in Page Settings > Taxonomy Implemented the functionality required to edit security role names and social group names Fixed JavaScript error when using a ";" semicolon as a profile property Fixed issue when using DateTime properties in profiles Fixed viewstate error when using Facebook authentication in conjunction with "require valid profile fo...CODE Framework: 4.0.21128.0: See change notes in the documentation section for details on what's new.Microsoft Ajax Minifier: Microsoft Ajax Minifier 4.76: Fixed a typo in ObjectLiteralProperty.IsConstant that caused all object literals to be treated like they were constants, and possibly moved around in the code when they shouldn't be.Kooboo CMS: Kooboo CMS 3.3.0: New features: Dropdown/Radio/Checkbox Lists no longer references the userkey. Instead they refer to the UUID field for input value. You can now delete, export, import content from database in the site settings. Labels can now be imported and exported. You can now set the required password strength and maximum number of incorrect login attempts. Child sites can inherit plugins from its parent sites. The view parameter can be changed through the page_context.current value. Addition of c...New ProjectsASP.NET Youtube Clone: ASP.NET Youtube Clone is a complete script with basic and advance features which allow you to build complex social media sharing website in asp.net, c#, vb.net.Assembly - Halo Research Tool: Assembly is a program designed to aid in the development of creative modifications for the Xbox 360 Halo games. It also includes a .NET library for programmers.Async ContentPlaceHolder: Load your ASP.Net content placeholder asynchronously.Automate Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager 2012 with Powershell: Scripts to automate Microsoft System Center 2012 Configuration Manager with PowershellAzMan Contrib: AzMan Contrib aims to provide a better experience when using AzMan with ASP.NET WebForms and ASP.NET MVC.Badhshala Jackpot: Facebook application that features Slotmachine with 3 slots where each slot's position is predicted randomly. Tools Used: ASP.Net MVC 4, SQL Server, csharpsdk BREIN Messaging Infrastructure: This project allows for hiding & encapsulating an (WS based) infrastructure by providing the means for dynamic message routing. The gateway thereby enhances the messaging channels to enforce any amount of policies upon in- and outcoming messages. CricketWorldCup2011Trivia: Simple trivia game written in C# based on the 2011 Cricket World Cup.Flee#: A C# Port of the Flee evaluator. It's an expression evaluator for C# that compiles the expressions into IL code, resulting in very fast and efficient execution.Hamcast for multi station coordination: Amateur Radio multiple station operation tends to have loggers and operators striving to get particular information from each other, like what IP address and so forth, so I write this small multicast utility to help them. Supports N1MM and other popular loggers.LDAP/AD Claim Provider For SharePoint 2010: This claim provider implements search on LDAP and AD for SAML authentication (claims mode) in SharePoint 2010MicroData Parser: This library is preliminary implementation of the HTML5 MicroData specification, in C#.PCC.Framework: NET???????????ResumeSharp: ResumeSharp is a resume building tool designed to help keep your resume up-to-date easily. Additionally, you can quickly generate targeted resumes on the fly. It's developed in C#.Sharepoint SPConstant generator: This utility creates a hierarchally representation of a WSS 3.0 / MOSS 2007 Site Collection and generates a C# Source Code File (SPConstant.cs) with a nested structure of structs with static const string fields. This enables you to do the following: SPList list = web.Lists[SPConstant.Lists.Tasklist.Name]; You will then just have to regenerate the SPConstant file (eg. from within VS 2005 or from Command line) to update the name. Description is added to the XML-comments in the generated file ...SoftServe Tasks: a couple of tasks from the 'softserve' courses.Solid Edge Community Extensions: Solid Edge SDKStar Fox XNA Edition: Development of videogames for Microsoft platforms using XNA Game Studio. Remake of the classic videogame Star Fox (1993) for SNES game console.TinySimpleCMS: a tiny and simple cmsUgly Animals: Crossing of Angry Birds and Yeti SportsVIENNA Advantage ERP and CRM: A real cloud based ERP and CRM in C#.Net offering enterprise level functionality for PC, Mac, iPhone, Surface and Android with HTML5 and Silverlight UI.WebSitemap Localizer: WebSitemap Localizer is a utility to auto-convert your Web.sitemap file to support localization.

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  • Carpool logical architecture

    - by enrmarc
    I'm designing a carpool system (drivers can publish their routes and passengers can subscribe to them) with WebServices(axis2) and Android clients (ksoap2). I have been having problems with the logical architecture of the system and I wondered if this architecture is fine. And another question: for that architecture (if it is ok), how would be the packages structure? I suppose something like that: (In android) package org.carpool.presentation *All the activities here (and maybe mvc pattern) (In the server) package org.carpool.services *Public interfaces (for example: register(User user), publishRoute(Route route) ) package org.carpool.domain *Pojos (for example: User.java, Route.java, etc) package org.carpool.persistence *Dao Interface and implementation (jdbc or hibernate)

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  • What does your Technical Documentation look like?

    - by Rachel
    I'm working on a large project and I would like to put together some technical documentation for other members of the team and for new programmers joining the project. What sort of documentation should I have? Just /// code comments or some other file(s) explaining the architechure and class design? I've never really done documentation except the occasional word doc to go with smaller apps, and I think this project is too large to doc in a single word file.

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  • Oracle University Nuovi corsi (Week 14)

    - by swalker
    Oracle University ha recentemente rilasciato i seguenti nuovi corsi in inglese: Database Oracle Data Modeling and Relational Database Design (4 days) Fusion Middleware Oracle Directory Services 11g: Administration (5 days) Oracle Unified Directory 11g: Services Deployment Essentials (2 days) Oracle GoldenGate 11g Management Pack: Overview (1 day) Business Intelligence & Datawarehousing Oracle Database 11g: Data Mining Techniques (2 days) Oracle Solaris Oracle Solaris 10 System Administration for HP-UX Administrators (5 days) E-Business Suite R12.x Oracle Time and Labor Fundamentals Per ulteriori informazioni e per conoscere le date dei corsi, contattate il vostro Oracle University team locale. Rimanete in contatto con Oracle University: LinkedIn OracleMix Twitter Facebook Google+

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  • How to use American English spelling dictionary in Firefox?

    - by mmr
    My Firefox spellchecker was complaining this morning that I spelled 'neighbor' in the American English style, not the British English style ('neighbour'). Same is true for color (colour), analyze (analyse), etc. I've checked in the edit-preferences-content-language tab, and en-us is selected. I also found this link here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1013043 Suggesting that there's some kind of system panel I can use to ensure that I've got the right language, but I can't see where that is (I guess that's for an older Ubuntu that let people get to system settings). So either the dictionary for Firefox for en-us is corrupted, just a copy of the British English dictionary, or somehow the setting isn't propagated properly. How can I get the American dictionary back?

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  • Why doesn't the command do-release-upgrade doesn't require sudo?

    - by Dr_Bunsen
    I was wondering why the command do-release-upgrade doesn't require sudo? I mean, it does significantly change your system, so I would have guessed it requires sudo. This is from ubuntu self, but it isn't that helpful. I just want to know how this is secure for the integrity for my system, if every user can access this command. Thanks in advance. [EDIT]: I used a new terminal window, thus no sudo that wasn't expired yet, and I used the command do-release-upgrade NOT sudo do-release-upgrade.So even with unexpired sudo I should be unable to upgrade. [EDIT 2]:

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  • WPF: Reloading app parts to handle persistence as well as memory management.

    - by Ingó Vals
    I created a app using Microsoft's WPF. It mostly handles data reading and input as well as associating relations between data within specific parameters. As a total beginner I made some bad design decision ( not so much decisions as using the first thing I got to work ) but now understanding WPF better I'm getting the urge to refactor my code with better design principles. I had several problems but I guess each deserves it's own question for clarity. Here I'm asking for proper ways to handle the data itself. In the original I wrapped each row in a object when fetched from database ( using LINQ to SQL ) somewhat like Active Record just not active or persistence (each app instance had it's own data handling part). The app has subunits handling different aspects. However as it was setup it loaded everything when started. This creates several problems, for example often it wouldn't be neccesary to load a part unless we were specifically going to work with that part so I wan't some form of lazy loading. Also there was problem with inner persistance because you might create a new object/row in one aspect and perhaps set relation between it and different object but the new object wouldn't appear until the program was restarted. Persistance between instances of the app won't be huge problem because of the small amount of people using the program. While I could solve this now using dirty tricks I would rather refactor the program and do it elegantly, Now the question is how. I know there are several ways and a few come to mind: 1) Each aspect of the program is it's own UserControl that get's reloaded/instanced everytime you navigate to it. This ensures you only load up the data you need and you get some persistancy. DB server located on same LAN and tables are small so that shouldn't be a big problem. Minor drawback is that you would have to remember the state of each aspect so you wouldn't always start at beginners square. 2) Having a ViewModel type object at the base level of the app with lazy loading and some kind of timeout. I would then propegate this object down the visual tree to ensure every aspect is getting it's data from the same instance 3) Semi active record data layer with static load methods. 4) Some other idea What in your opinion is the most practical way in WPF, what does MVVM assume?

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  • Parallel Installation of Ubuntu, Wubi and Windows 7?

    - by Aufwind
    I have Windows 7 installed on a Notebook. Because I wanted to experiment with Ubutnu without loosing my Windows 7 configuration I installed the Wubi Version of Ubuntu inside of Windows 7. Since things seam to work out well with Ubuntu and my harddisk space is very limited, I want to make Ubuntu my only operating system on this machine. So my question is: Is it possible, to install Ubuntu 11.04 additionally to my actual configuration (Wubi and Windows 7)? And if things turned out well with the native installation of Ubuntu, too, to delete Wubi and Windows 7 from my system afterwards? Why I am asking this is simply, that I am afraid, that if I just format my machine and made the whole harddisk available for the fresh Ubuntu installation, it could be possible, that it turns out, that one thing or an other would not work properly, like it did in Wubi. (Possible Network, VPN, and Firewall@work issues) In this case I'd like the possibility to switch back.

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  • Beginners Guide To Search Engine Optimisation

    Search Engine Optimisation, (aka ?SEO?, ?organic? or ?natural? search) involves a variety of techniques which are used to improve your natural search engine rankings (i.e. the listings on search engi... [Author: Jim Webster - Web Design and Development - March 29, 2010]

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  • The Faces in the Crowdsourcing

    - by Applications User Experience
    By Jeff Sauro, Principal Usability Engineer, Oracle Imagine having access to a global workforce of hundreds of thousands of people who can perform tasks or provide feedback on a design quickly and almost immediately. Distributing simple tasks not easily done by computers to the masses is called "crowdsourcing" and until recently was an interesting concept, but due to practical constraints wasn't used often. Enter Amazon.com. For five years, Amazon has hosted a service called Mechanical Turk, which provides an easy interface to the crowds. The service has almost half a million registered, global users performing a quarter of a million human intelligence tasks (HITs). HITs are submitted by individuals and companies in the U.S. and pay from $.01 for simple tasks (such as determining if a picture is offensive) to several dollars (for tasks like transcribing audio). What do we know about the people who toil away in this digital crowd? Can we rely on the work done in this anonymous marketplace? A rendering of the actual Mechanical Turk (from Wikipedia) Knowing who is behind Amazon's Mechanical Turk is fitting, considering the history of the actual Mechanical Turk. In the late 1800's, a mechanical chess-playing machine awed crowds as it beat master chess players in what was thought to be a mechanical miracle. It turned out that the creator, Wolfgang von Kempelen, had a small person (also a chess master) hiding inside the machine operating the arms to provide the illusion of automation. The field of human computer interaction (HCI) is quite familiar with gathering user input and incorporating it into all stages of the design process. It makes sense then that Mechanical Turk was a popular discussion topic at the recent Computer Human Interaction usability conference sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery in Atlanta. It is already being used as a source for input on Web sites (for example, Feedbackarmy.com) and behavioral research studies. Two papers shed some light on the faces in this crowd. One paper tells us about the shifting demographics from mostly stay-at-home moms to young men in India. The second paper discusses the reliability and quality of work from the workers. Just who exactly would spend time doing tasks for pennies? In "Who are the crowdworkers?" University of California researchers Ross, Silberman, Zaldivar and Tomlinson conducted a survey of Mechanical Turk worker demographics and compared it to a similar survey done two years before. The initial survey reported workers consisting largely of young, well-educated women living in the U.S. with annual household incomes above $40,000. The more recent survey reveals a shift in demographics largely driven by an influx of workers from India. Indian workers went from 5% to over 30% of the crowd, and this block is largely male (two-thirds) with a higher average education than U.S. workers, and 64% report an annual income of less than $10,000 (keeping in mind $1 has a lot more purchasing power in India). This shifting demographic certainly has implications as language and culture can play critical roles in the outcome of HITs. Of course, the demographic data came from paying Turkers $.10 to fill out a survey, so there is some question about both a self-selection bias (characteristics which cause Turks to take this survey may be unrepresentative of the larger population), not to mention whether we can really trust the data we get from the crowd. Crowds can perform tasks or provide feedback on a design quickly and almost immediately for usability testing. (Photo attributed to victoriapeckham Flikr While having immediate access to a global workforce is nice, one major problem with Mechanical Turk is the incentive structure. Individuals and companies that deploy HITs want quality responses for a low price. Workers, on the other hand, want to complete the task and get paid as quickly as possible, so that they can get on to the next task. Since many HITs on Mechanical Turk are surveys, how valid and reliable are these results? How do we know whether workers are just rushing through the multiple-choice responses haphazardly answering? In "Are your participants gaming the system?" researchers at Carnegie Mellon (Downs, Holbrook, Sheng and Cranor) set up an experiment to find out what percentage of their workers were just in it for the money. The authors set up a 30-minute HIT (one of the more lengthy ones for Mechanical Turk) and offered a very high $4 to those who qualified and $.20 to those who did not. As part of the HIT, workers were asked to read an email and respond to two questions that determined whether workers were likely rushing through the HIT and not answering conscientiously. One question was simple and took little effort, while the second question required a bit more work to find the answer. Workers were led to believe other factors than these two questions were the qualifying aspect of the HIT. Of the 2000 participants, roughly 1200 (or 61%) answered both questions correctly. Eighty-eight percent answered the easy question correctly, and 64% answered the difficult question correctly. In other words, about 12% of the crowd were gaming the system, not paying enough attention to the question or making careless errors. Up to about 40% won't put in more than a modest effort to get paid for a HIT. Young men and those that considered themselves in the financial industry tended to be the most likely to try to game the system. There wasn't a breakdown by country, but given the demographic information from the first article, we could infer that many of these young men come from India, which makes language and other cultural differences a factor. These articles raise questions about the role of crowdsourcing as a means for getting quick user input at low cost. While compensating users for their time is nothing new, the incentive structure and anonymity of Mechanical Turk raises some interesting questions. How complex of a task can we ask of the crowd, and how much should these workers be paid? Can we rely on the information we get from these professional users, and if so, how can we best incorporate it into designing more usable products? Traditional usability testing will still play a central role in enterprise software. Crowdsourcing doesn't replace testing; instead, it makes certain parts of gathering user feedback easier. One can turn to the crowd for simple tasks that don't require specialized skills and get a lot of data fast. As more studies are conducted on Mechanical Turk, I suspect we will see crowdsourcing playing an increasing role in human computer interaction and enterprise computing. References: Downs, J. S., Holbrook, M. B., Sheng, S., and Cranor, L. F. 2010. Are your participants gaming the system?: screening mechanical turk workers. In Proceedings of the 28th international Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Atlanta, Georgia, USA, April 10 - 15, 2010). CHI '10. ACM, New York, NY, 2399-2402. Link: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1753326.1753688 Ross, J., Irani, L., Silberman, M. S., Zaldivar, A., and Tomlinson, B. 2010. Who are the crowdworkers?: shifting demographics in mechanical turk. In Proceedings of the 28th of the international Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Atlanta, Georgia, USA, April 10 - 15, 2010). CHI EA '10. ACM, New York, NY, 2863-2872. Link: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1753846.1753873

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  • Best Practices of SEO Web Development

    Custom SEO Web Development is a bit of a misnomer. This is because all web development should be regarded as custom, as there are no two companies in existence that are identical. Here best practices... [Author: Patrick Perkins - Web Design and Development - April 28, 2010]

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  • Key Features of Ecommerce Website Development

    The whole concept of the ecommerce has become a boon to the SMB companies across the world, which enables them to have greater accessibility to the global markets at a very, very affordable cost. Mor... [Author: Sriram Manoharan - Web Design and Development - March 24, 2010]

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  • Touchpad stopped working after suspend, never woke up again

    - by Luca
    I have a Toshiba L650, installed (dual boot) Ubuntu 10.10. Touchpad worked fine until I tried for the first time to suspend (I closed the screen on the keyboard). The system never woke up again. Reset (battery disconnected and then reconnected), restart of the system, disk checks, and so on. After that, everything works fine except the Touchpad, completely dead. Rebooted again. The problem persists. Any hints? Thanks, Luca.

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  • How to encrypt php folder under /var/www?

    - by sirchaos
    I need to encrypt the folder /var/www/test. The folder contains PHP files. The goal it to prevent any user to read the php content AND if the HD is mounted on another computer, the /var/www/test should be encrypted AND if computer booted up without any user logged I would like anyone to be able to access data in /var/www/tests. What is the correct approach for this? I've tried "ecryptfs-setup-private" as advised in How to encrypt /var/www? yet it didn't work for me. I've might missed something - I've tested the folders while booting with ubuntu 12.04 installation disk and mounted the drive, than I was able to access /var/www/test content.. yet this is what I want to prevent. The gnome-encfs isn't the way to go since its decryption happens when users logs on to the system & I would like the system to be working after power failure etc' without any one logged in. Please advice.

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  • How much to charge Ruby on Rails Website [closed]

    - by eWizardII
    I figured it be appropriate to ask this question on webmasters, over the stackoverflow site seeing as there are similar questions here. I am freelancing for a client in the Boston area, who has the html/css templates for their site made by another web designer. They are basically looking for someone to set up the template, and then make the backend so that a user can purchase music on their site (they are musicians). I am wondering then what would be an appropriate amount to charge them to develop such a system, I am a student, and this would be my 3rd Ruby on Rails project, but probably at least the 20 web design project I have been hired to do and I have other programming knowledge, Python, C, etc. I am thinking of suggesting that they pay 1000usd to set up such a system, but I don't know if this is appropriate. To me it seems justifiable given my experience, and the low end of RoR developers I have seen charging 25usd/hr all the way up to 150usd/hr. Any advice would be appreciated.

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  • How to install ubuntu-12.10-desktop along with windows 8 64bit

    - by Priyesh
    I have hp pavilion 15 n204tx, which came with pre-installed Ubuntu OS. I formatted it and installed Win 8 64bit. and created 3 + 1(system reserve) partition. 50GB for win8 50GB for Ubuntu remaining for my files and other is system reserve. But now i need ubuntu-12.10-desktop also, along with win8. Is there is a way to install ubuntu-12.10-desktop, without affecting my files and win8 on second 50GB partition. Is the installation method is same as of other similar questions here. Please answer and i don't know anything about commands posted on other answers here, i just started to learn UNIX. So kindly tell where and how to use commands, if any Thank you

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  • How can I disable Hibernate completely?

    - by Lekensteyn
    I have seen the answer on How to disable hibernating?, but I have no such file. Possibly because that suggestion was written for Ubuntu, not Kubuntu (KDE, not Gnome). I do not have a swap on my encrypted SSD, my system freezes (cannot even change Caps Lock) if I accidentally press the "Hibernate" button at "Energy management". My keyboard has a Hibernate button (Fn + F4) next to the volume control buttons and every time I press the wrong key, the system will freeze after. So, what is the correct way to disable it? If there is no solution, a work-around is welcome too.

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  • One domain and multiple website in folders

    - by User1212
    I am going to create a network with one domain, e.g. example.com then going to manage my websites in folders. Look below for example: www.example.com/market www.example.com/freebies www.example.com/personalblog www.example.com/shop Consider that all four websites have different design and codes. From SEO perspective, is it recommended or I should use subdomains or buy four domains for each website?

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  • Sound Problem due to wrong driver installation

    - by Starx
    First of all, the audio used to play from the speaker but whenever I connected a headphone or speaker in the I, the sound didn't came. So I installed a realtek sound driver to fix this (actually I didn't find any relevant driver for my sound card so I installed it hoping it would show some light) When I rebooted the system, my sound is completely gone and now ubuntu does not detect any sound devices in my system. I clearly installed wrong driver, now I need to remove and go to previous stage and find a correct driver. My laptop is: Dell Studio 1747, uses a speaker Creative Labs Sound X-Fi MB Sound Blaster and the chipset is INTEL PM55. How can I fix this?

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  • sysctl.conf ignore net settings

    - by Steffen Unland
    I have a little problem with sysctl on a Ubuntu 10.04 LTS system. When I set the sysctl values with "sysctl -w " all work fine, but when I try to use the sysctl.conf file. the net settings will be ignored. For example my sysctl.conf # /etc/sysctl.conf - Configuration file for setting system variables kernel.domainname=findme.sysctl # Corefiles information fs.suid_dumpable=2 kernel.core_pattern=/cores/core-%e-%s-%u-%g-%p-%t ##############################################################3 # Functions previously found in netbase net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait=1 net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait=1 when I grep to the values, I can see that the sysctl settings for net.ipv4.netfilter don't set. [host:~ ] $ sysctl -a | grep domainname kernel.domainname = findme.sysctl [host:~ ] $ sysctl -a | grep "core_pattern" kernel.core_pattern = /cores/core-%e-%s-%u-%g-%p-%t [host:~ ] $ sysctl -a | grep "timeout_fin_wait" net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120 net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120 [host:~ ] $ sysctl -a | grep "timeout_close_wait" net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60 net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60 can somebody help me to solve the problem? If you need more information I can post it. Cheers, Steffen

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