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• How Do I Make A Bash Script for Git Checkin/Checkout?

  - by ServerChecker

  I was thinking of bringing up a git service on an Ubuntu server. However, the way me and another programmer operate -- we really want to try and stick to one person working on a project at a time. How would I make a Bash script to create a check in and check out with git? We want to prevent anyone from checking in code that hasn't already been checked in, and it should error out with the name of the person who has the code checked out. EDIT: I'm not really interested in using Git with its fantastic diff features. I move 100mph and don't have time to play diff games with the other developers. That's why we're using Git. If the other developers want to play the diff game, they can still do so. But when I check something out, I want it locked to everyone until I check it back in again.

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• design an extendible and pluggable business logic flow handler in php

  - by Broncha

  I am working on a project where I need to allow a pluggable way to inject business processes in the normal data flow. eg There is an ordering system. The standard flow of the application is A consumer orders an item. Pays for it and card is authorized. Admin captures the payment. Order is marked as complete and item is shipped. But this process may vary (extra steps in between) for different clients. Say a client would need to validate the location of the consumer before he is presented with a credit card form, OR his policies might require some other processes in between. I am thinking of using State Pattern for processing orders, saving the current state of the order in database, and initializing the state of order from the saved state. I would also need some mechanism, where a small plugin would be able to inject business specific states in the state machine. Am I thinking the right way? Are there already implemented patterns for this kind of situation? I am working with Codeigniter and basically this would mean for me, to redirect to proper controller according to the current state of the order. Like, if the state of the order is unconfirmed then redirect the user to details page and then change the state to pending. If some client would need to do some validation, then register an intermediate state between unconfirmed and pending Please suggest.

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• Problems loading Hilva tutorials

  - by Beska

  I'm a newcomer to XNA, and I'm evaluating some libraries. The Hilva Graphics Engine looks interesting, and I'm trying to run their tutorials. However, all of them give me errors. For example, if I download the ParallaxMappingSample demo, and try to build it, I get Error 1 Error loading pipeline assembly "C:\Users\Me\Desktop\ParallaxMappingSample\Hilva.Content.dll". ParallaxMappingSample I get similar errors for all of the samples. Unfortunately, this error isn't very enlightening. I can see the Hilva.Content.dll in the appropriate directory. I tried removing and readding the reference from the content project, but I get the same error. I'm not sure it's relevant, but I'm on Windows 7, I'm using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, and XNA 4.0. Is there an easy (or difficult) solution? EDIT: If you happen to try this, even if you don't have a solution, let me know about it in a comment. Whether it works for you, or if you get the same problem...either result would be something that might let me know if it's just a problem with the tutorial, or if it's on my end.

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• Adventures in Lab Management Configuration: CMMI Edition Part 1 of 3

  - by Enrique Lima

  I remember at one point someone telling me how close Migrate was to Migraine. This was a process that included an environment from TFS 2008 to TFS 2010, needed to be migrated too as far as the process template goes.  Here we are talking about CMMI v4.2 to CMMI v5.0.  Now, the process to migrate the TFS Infrastructure is one thing, migrating the Process Template is a different deal, not hard … just involved. Followed a combination of steps that came from a blog post as the main guidance and then MSDN (as suggested on the guidance post) to complement some tasks and steps. Again, the focus I have here is CMMI. The high level steps taken to enable the TFS 2008 CMMI v4.2 migrated to TFS 2010 Process Template are: 1)  Backup the Collection, Configuration and Warehouse Databases. 2)  Downloaded the Process Template using Visual Studio 2010. 3) Exported, modified and imported Bug Type Definition 4) Exported, modified and imported Scenario or Requirement Type Definition. 5) Created and imported bug field mappings. Now, we can attempt to connect using Test Manager, and you should be able to get this going. After that was done, it was time to enroll VMs that already existed in the environment.  This was a bit more challenging, but in the end it was a matter of just analyzing the changes that had been made to had a temporary work around from the time we migrated to the time we converted the Work Items and such and added fields to enable communication between the project and the Test and Lab Manager component. There are 2 more parts to this post, the second will describe the detailed steps taken to complete the Process Template update and the third will talk about the gotchas and fixes for the Lab Management portion.

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• TechEd 2012: MVVM In XAML

  - by Tim Murphy

  Paul Sheriff was a real character at the start of his MVVM in XAML session.  There was a lot of sarcasm and self deprecation going on prior to the .  That is never a bad way to get things rolling right after lunch.  Then things got semi-serious. The presentation itself had a number of surprises, but not all of them had to do with XAML.  When he flipped over his company’s code generation tool it took me off guard.  I am used to generator that create code for a whole project, but his tools were able to create different types of constructs on demand.  It also made it easier to follow what he was doing than some of the other demos I have seen this week where people were using code snippets. Getting to the heart of the topic I found myself thinking that I may have found my utopia for application development in MVVM.  Yes, I know there is no such thing, but this comes closer than any other pattern I have learned about.  This pattern allows the application to have better separation of concerns than I have seen before.  This is especially true since you can leverage data binding.  I’m not sure why it has taken me so long to find time for this subject. As Paul demonstrated using this pattern with XAML gives you multi-platform reusable code when you leverage common utility classes and ModelView classes.  The one drawback I see is that you have to go to the lowest common denominator between the platforms you want to support, but you always have to weigh the trade offs. And finally, the Visual Studio nuggets just keep coming.  Even though it has been available for several generations of Visual Studio I have never seen someone use linked files within a solution.  It just goes to show that I should spend more time exploring the deeper features of each dialog. del.icio.us Tags: TechEd,TechEd 2012,MVVM,Paul Sheriff,Patterns,Visual Studio 2012

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• Artists and music - i need help to decide wich cms to use.

  - by infty

  A friend has asked me to build a site with the following options: staff members must be able to add new music and artists to the page a gallery must be provided - it is also good if each artist has the ability to have his/her own, smaller, gallery users must be able to vote for artists users must be able to alter in discussions (forums or comments sections) staff members must be able to blog staff members must be able to write articles I did a small project where i actually implementet all of these features, but i want to use an existing content managment system for all of these features so that future devolpers can, hopefully, more easy extend the website. And also, so that i dont have to provide to much documentation. I have never developed a website using an external cms like drupal or wordpress and after seeing hours of tutorial videos of both systems, i still cant make up my mind on wheter i should : a) use Drupal 7 b) use Wordpress 3 c) create my own cms I can only imagine that staff members would also want to create content using iphone or android based mobile devices. But this is not a required feature. Can someone, with experience, please tell me about their experiences with bigger projects like this? The site will approx. have a total of 400 000 - 500 000 visitors (not daily visitors, based on numbers from last year in a period of 4 months)

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• How does a single programmer make a game?

  - by Mike

  I have always been a software developer, but lately I've been wanting to get into games. The only thing stopping me is the fact that I'm a programmer, not an artist. I've made some simple stuff, Tetris, 2D chess things like that but I can't do much art and that's really what holds me back. Now the problem is, I've yet to go to college so most commercial projects wouldn't accept me even to work for free and learn a bit especially with my lack of experience in games and any indie projects I've looked into really have an issue with responding to people interested, or actually completing (or starting really, most don't get past the ideas on paper) the project they want to do. I've looked around locally for artists, anyone who can do modeling, textures or animating or even anyone with some ability to make some more advanced 2D assets to get something like a side-scrolling RPG or something but haven't been able to find anyone. So how do you guys do it? Do I really just have to wait until I can go to college to see if I like working with games or is there some way I can get art (for free, anything I do is just going to be for fun so I don't want to have to sink money into it) and just start messing around on my own? Or am I just having bad luck and not looking in the right places for other people interested in having me help? I'm not looking for anything in particular, just something to fill some time with and see if I like making games. If not, well I'll go back to my software projects. I just have one more year of highschool and I'd like to try a few different areas before I go to college.

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• Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManagerServerErrorException: An entity object cannot be referenced by multiple instances of IEntityChangeTracker [closed]

  - by Mingebag

  `Story: I have a strange error when I try to save something I got this error message An entity object cannot be referenced by multiple instances of IEntityChangeTracker. I really don’t know what that is and why is it appear, it appears only when I try to save something my insert and update is working, only when I try to save something in db from my Telerik grid if (this.annualVacationList != null) { List<AnnualVacation> vacationToSave = this.annualVacationList; IEnumerable<AnnualVacation> existing = paramUser.AnnualVacations; foreach (AnnualVacation toSave in vacationToSave) { AnnualVacation existingItem = existing.Where(x => x.AnnualVacationId == toSave.AnnualVacationId).SingleOrDefault(); if (existingItem == null) { ctx.AddToAnnualVacations(toSave); } else { existingItem.FromDate = toSave.FromDate; existingItem.ToDate = toSave.ToDate; existingItem.WorkingTime = toSave.WorkingTime; existingItem.VacationDays = toSave.VacationDays; } } } ctx.SaveChanges(); } After debugging I have seen that the code brake down in the Project.Name.Designer.cs ..... O.o public void AddToAnnualVacations(AnnualVacation annualVacation) { base.AddObject("AnnualVacations", annualVacation); }

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• I have an "amoeba" game mechanic. Any idea on how to implement it?

  - by Jason

  Outside of a tetris clone, a crappy 2D top-down shooter, and some messing around with stuff like Unity and Flixel, I realize that I have yet to complete a single, polished, bells-and-whistles game. I want to change this, and I have an idea for my next project. The idea is that you're an amoeba. Amoebas have these eye-like cores (or something like that, I don't know biology), and you have two of 'em. You control one with WASD and the other with IJKL. There has to be a constant radius of stuff around each of the cores: And the area of the amoeba has to stay constant. So if you move a core in one direction, you increase the amoeba's area, but that increase is compensated by a decrease somewhere else: Aaaaaand I'd like to implement a vagination mechanic. You absorb things by engulfing them, like a boss. Maybe even an extra core, or a needle that pops you and causes all your inner stuff to start gushing out: But here's the problem: I don't know how to make this. However, I would like some ideas on how to implement it. Should I explore physics libraries like Box2D? Or maybe something involving fluid physics? Any help would be much appreciated. P.S. Feel free to steal this idea. I have plenty of ideas. If you do, please tell me how you made it so I can try it myself.

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• Javascript is not loading

  - by Oden

  Hey, I've got a problem with JavaScript under Ubuntu, that drives me crazy. I'm using Gedit for my web sites since I'm an Ubuntu user. When I start a new website I create (usually with the gnome terminal) folder structure, and I copy the files I need into them. The next step is creating an index.html where I build the design and basic JavaScript functionality. JavaScript is stored in a sub-folder of the project and when i try to load one using the tag in the header, my whole page body disappears. If the source contains a script tag with its own body, and its not the first its code wont run. I've tried to solve the problem by setting chmod to 777 with sudo chmod -R 777 . but nothing changed. CSS is loading correctly, but JS isn't. I'm using the newest version of apache, no mod_rewrite stuff, but i get the same problem when I run the html from file (file:///...) Do anyone know how to solve this problem?

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• Finding the best practice for a game simulating tool

  - by Tougheart

  I'm studying Java right now, and I'm thinking of this tool as my practice project. The game is "League of Legends" in case anyone knows it, I'm not actually simulating the game as in simulating game play, I'm just trying to create a tool that can compare different champions to each other based on their own abilities and items bought inside the game. The game basics are: Every player has a champion in a team of 5 players playing against another team. Each champion has a different set of abilities (usually 4) that s/he uses to do damage to opposing champions. Each champion gets stronger by buying different items, increasing the attack it deals or decreasing the damage received. What I want to do is to create a tool to be used outside the game enabling players to try out different builds for their champions and compare the figures against other champions they usually fight against. The goal is to enable players get a deeper understanding of the different item combinations (builds) that can be used during the games, instead of trying them out in real games which can be somehow very time consuming. What I'm stuck at is the best practice I should follow to make this possible using Java, I can't figure out which classes should inherit from which, should I make champions and items specs in the code or extracted from other files, specially that I'm talking about hundreds of items and champions to use in that tool. I'm self studying Java, and I don't have much practice at it, so I would really appreciate any broad guidelines regarding this, and sorry if my question doesn't fit here, I tried to follow the rules. English isn't my native language, so I'm really sorry if I wasn't clear enough, I would be more than happy to explain anything that's not understood.

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• How to reference a git repository?

  - by Anonymous

  What should the actual path to a git repository 'file' be? It's common practise when cloning from github to do something like: git clone https://[email protected]/repo.git And I'm used to that. If I init a repo on my local machine using git init, what is the 'git file' for me to reference? I'm trying tot setup Capifony with a Symfony2 project and need to set the repository path. Specifying the folder of the repository isn't working. Is there a .git file for each repository I should be referencing?

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• I Can't run the Netbeans but I installed successfully

  - by David

  I'm new to Ubuntu as well as Netbeans. I installed Netbeans, and I've made sure to install all the JDKs and JREs I could find. It installed without errors. I also saw this question and made sure I followed all the instructions there as well. I never got any error messages of any kind. So far as I know, it installed okay. However, when I try to run Netbeans, I get the message in the bottom of the Netbeans IDE like this: ant -f /root/NetBeansProjects/samp1 -Djsp.includes=/root/NetBeansProjects/samp1/build/web/one.jsp -DforceRedeploy=false -Dclient.urlPart=/one.jsp -Ddirectory.deployment.supported=true -Djavac.jsp.includes=org/apache/jsp/one_jsp.java -Dnb.wait.for.caches=true run /root/NetBeansProjects/samp1/nbproject/build-impl.xml:774: The libs.CopyLibs.classpath property is not set up. This property must point to org-netbeans-modules-java-j2seproject-copylibstask.jar file which is part of NetBeans IDE installation and is usually located at <netbeans_installation>/java<version>/ant/extra folder. Either open the project in the IDE and make sure CopyLibs library exists or setup the property manually. For example like this: ant -Dlibs.CopyLibs.classpath=a/path/to/org-netbeans-modules-java-j2seproject-copylibstask.jar BUILD FAILED (total time: 0 seconds)

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• How to connect to my own WiFi using Broadcom STA drivers?

  - by Chris

  I'm trying hard to switch to Linux from Windows because of my engineering project. Unfortunately, everything is against that change! Before I have installed Broadcom STA proprietary drivers, I was seeing on NetworkManager and nm-applet only local radio-internet-access networks. After I installed Broadcom STA, I see my neighbor's wireless network (channel 11, WEP) Neither before nor after the installation is own wireless network available. Computer: Asus Lamborghini VX6 Ubuntu: 12.04 LTS 64-bit Router: ASUS N55U (A1) with newest AsusWRT firmware Network: Channel 5 (tried also 10 and 11, both on 20 and 40MHz bands), WPA2 Personal, 2,4 + 5 GHz (what is not very important, 'cause the wlan card in VX6 is only 2,4GHz). Network works fine on Windows, also through D-Link repeater on the other floor. Unfortunately, same network is invisible to Ubuntu on same machine. I have tried some combinations with other GUIs but it did not work. Are there any better drivers for Ubuntu? I need that network badly, but I'm an Ubuntu newbie, so I don't know how to solve that problem. Please help.

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• Any empirical evidence on the efficacy of CMMI?

  - by mehaase

  I am wondering if there are any studies that examine the efficacy of software projects in CMMI-oriented organizations. For example, are CMMI organizations more likely to finish projects on time and/or on budget than non-CMMI organizations? Edit for clarification: CMMI stands for "Capability Maturity Model Integration". It's developed by the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie-Mellon University (SEI-CMU). It's not a certification, but there are various companies that will "appraise" your organization to various levels of CMMI, such as level 2 and level 3. (I believe CMMI level 1 is an animalistic, Hobbesian free-for-all that nobody aspires to. In other words, everybody is at least CMMI level 1, even if you've never heard of CMMI before.) I'm definitely not an expert, but I believe that an organization can be appraised for CMMI levels within different scopes of work: i.e. service delivery, software development, foobaring, etc. My question is focused on the software development appraisal: is an organization that has been appraised to CMMI Level X for software projects more likely to finish a software project on time and on budget than another organization that has not been appraised to CMMI Level X? However, in the absence of hard data about software-oriented CMMI, I'd be interested in the effect that CMMI appraisals have on other activities as well. I originally asked the question because I've seen various studies conducted on software (e.g. the essays in The Mythical Man Month refer to numerous empirical studies, as does McConnell's Code Complete), so I know that there are organizations performing empirical studies of software development.

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• Expression web ftp: Stuck at "Listing subsites"

  - by FrankPython

  When I try to use the Expression Web 4 built-in ftp I see the message ""Listing subsites in.." and soon afterward "passive ftp not available". If I switch to active, I get "active ftp not available". There are no subsites. It is a simple directory with one html page. Backend is a normal IIS6 server. FTP to the same IP with other FTP clients works fine! Any idea if Expression web has some specific requirements? It is our own dedicated server. (Please no tips to use another tool, for this specific project Expression Web is a requirement).

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• Making my SVN Public

  - by azz0r

  Hello, I'm looking todo an SVN checkout on a server so I need to make my local SVN public. I looked into GITHUB, but I'm not willing to pay or let the world see my project. Are there any alternates? Okay so I went through this tutorial: http://www.petri.co.il/setup-ssh-server-vista.htm Had some issues, so I did this: mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg84875.html Now I'm wondering how let the SSH access my SVN repo found in c:/wamp/svnRepo. Any tutorials or advice (please no: go read this book crap) greatly welcome!

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• how get collision callback of two specific objects using bullet physics?

  - by sebap123

  I have got problem implementing collision callback into my project. I would like to have detection between two specific objects. I have got normall collision but I want one object to stop or change color or whatever when colides with another. I wrote code from bullet wiki: int numManifolds = dynamicsWorld->getDispatcher()->getNumManifolds(); for (int i=0;i<numManifolds;i++) { btPersistentManifold* contactManifold = dynamicsWorld->getDispatcher()->getManifoldByIndexInternal(i); btCollisionObject* obA = static_cast<btCollisionObject*>(contactManifold->getBody0()); btCollisionObject* obB = static_cast<btCollisionObject*>(contactManifold->getBody1()); int numContacts = contactManifold->getNumContacts(); for (int j=0;j<numContacts;j++) { btManifoldPoint& pt = contactManifold->getContactPoint(j); if (pt.getDistance()<0.f) { const btVector3& ptA = pt.getPositionWorldOnA(); const btVector3& ptB = pt.getPositionWorldOnB(); const btVector3& normalOnB = pt.m_normalWorldOnB; bool x = (ContactProcessedCallback)(pt,fallRigidBody,earthRigidBody); if(x) printf("collision\n"); } } } where fallRigidBody is a dynamic body - a sphere and earthRigiBody is static body - StaticPlaneShape and sphere isn't touching earthRigidBody all the time. I have got also other objects that are colliding with sphere and it works fine. But the program detects collision all the time. It doesn't matter if the objects are or aren't colliding. I have also added after declarations of rigid body: earthRigidBody->setCollisionFlags(earthRigidBody->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_CUSTOM_MATERIAL_CALLBACK); fallRigidBody->setCollisionFlags(fallRigidBody->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_CUSTOM_MATERIAL_CALLBACK); So can someone tell me what I am doing wrong? Maybe it is something simple?

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• Windows 7 Permissions

  - by Scott

  I have an odd problem with a windows 7 laptop. It's a single user installation currently. This is a fresh install on an Asus laptop. I have a svn repo checked out on my second partition. I have a directory which I have added to svn:ignore list, because it is for tmp files. This specific directory shows as read-only. I need write access on this directory for my project to function properly. If I right click and modify the directory to be not be read only and run this recursively, it simply is immediately reverted back to a read-only directory. I have also modified apache's service to run as myself to no avail. I'm stumped... Any ideas?

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• How do you handle the task of changing the schema of a production MySQL database?

  - by Continuation

  One of the biggest complaints I have heard about MySQL is that it locks up a table if you try to change its schema like adding a column or adding an index. By "locking up the table" does it mean I can neither read nor write to the table? Sometimes for hours? That seems a pretty severe limitations. I was going to use MySQL for my new project but this gives me pause. Is there a workaround for this? How do you handle the task of changing the schema of your production MySQL database? By the way someone told me Postgresql doesn't have this problem. Is that true - I can both read and write to a Postgresql table while changing its schema? Is there any performance penalty incurred? Would love to hear your experiences.

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• MVC 3: ActionLink VB.Net

  - by xamlnotes

  Theres not a ton of good samples out there on using MVC with VB, so I am going to post some things that I am doing on a project. Lets look at links. I am converting a asp classic app to mvc.  One page has an anchor tag which I modified to look like so to point to a controller action: <A style=color:red; HREF='Detail/" & currentItem.IdNumber & "'>" & currentItem.IdNumber & "</A> This resolves out to what looks like the right URL and in fact the detail action is fired. The actions signature looks like so: Function Detail(ByVal IdNumber As String) As ActionResult But, IdNumber would always be blank, it was never set to the id passed in the url.  Hmm. So, I tried the following by using the ActionLink method of the html helper: Html.ActionLink(currentLead.LeadNumber, "Detail", New With {.IdNumber = currentItem.IdNumber })  Viola! That worked fine and the Detail method parameter was set just like it should be. Very interesting.

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• BoundingSpheres move when they should not

  - by NDraskovic

  I have a XNA 4.0 project in which I load a file that contains type and coordinates of items I need to draw to the screen. Also I need to check if one particular type (the only movable one) is passing in front or trough other items. This is the code I use to load the configuration: if (ks.IsKeyDown(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Keys.L)) { this.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Otvaranje.ShowDialog(); try { using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(Otvaranje.FileName)) { String linija; while ((linija = sr.ReadLine()) != null) { red = linija.Split(','); model = red[0]; x = red[1]; y = red[2]; z = red[3]; elementi.Add(Convert.ToInt32(model)); podatci.Add(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z))); sfere.Add(new BoundingSphere(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z)), 1f)); } } } catch (Exception ex) { Window.Title = ex.ToString(); } } The "Otvaranje" is an OpenFileDialog object, "elementi" is a List (determines the type of item that would be drawn), podatci is a List (determines the location where the items will be drawn) and sfere is a List. Now I solved the picking algorithm (checking for ray and bounding sphere intersection) and it works fine, but the collision detection does not. I noticed, while using picking, that BoundingSphere's move even though the objects that they correspond to do not. The movable object is drawn to the world1 Matrix, and the static objects are drawn into the world2 Matrix (world1 and world2 have the same values, I just separated them so that the static elements would not move when the movable one does). The problem is that when I move the item I want, all boundingSpheres move accordingly. How can I move only the boundingSphere that corresponds to that particular item, and leave the rest where they are?

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• What exactly is bootstrap admin-template and how it is supposed to be used

  - by Leron

  So this is my second ASP.NET MVC 4 project. It's decided that for this one we will use this template and it was said in a way that I felt really stupid for not knowing how exactly this template will help us and what exactly we gain by using it. I'm used to using HTML/CSS for the UI combined with jQuery. Now it seems that instead of jQuery we will be using bootstrap which as far as I understand is just another JS library created from twitter, so if that's it then this part is clear. What I really need to clarify for myself is what exactly this theme is used for, what is offering, why one would want to use such a theme? From what I see in the live demo maybe it's just a stack of premade controls that you can use in the front end along with bootstrap.js and maybe I'm just confused because on the page is shown as much as possible just for presentational purposes. If that's right, still I wonder where I can find info for the current theme, the controls that it offers and the functionality that I get and not least - how to use it. But still those are just my assumptions. What I really need is a clarification on what exactly is this theme for, what is the advantage using it, is there a good tutorials about how to use such themes in the context of ASP.NET MVC 3+. Also any additional info about this theme and generally on using themes in ASP.NET MVC will be much appreciated.

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• FP for simulation and modelling

  - by heaptobesquare

  I'm about to start a simulation/modelling project. I already know that OOP is used for this kind of projects. However, studying Haskell made me consider using the FP paradigm for modelling a system of components. Let me elaborate: Let's say I have a component of type A, characterised by a set of data (a parameter like temperature or pressure,a PDE and some boundary conditions,etc.) and a component of type B, characterised by a different set of data(different or same parameter, different PDE and boundary conditions). Let's also assume that the functions/methods that are going to be applied on each component are the same (a Galerkin method for example). If I were to use an OOP approach, I would create two objects that would encapsulate each type's data, the methods for solving the PDE(inheritance would be used here for code reuse) and the solution to the PDE. On the other hand, if I were to use an FP approach, each component would be broken down to data parts and the functions that would act upon the data in order to get the solution for the PDE. This approach seems simpler to me assuming that linear operations on data would be trivial and that the parameters are constant. What if the parameters are not constant(for example, temperature increases suddenly and therefore cannot be immutable)? In OOP, the object's (mutable) state can be used. I know that Haskell has Monads for that. To conclude, would implementing the FP approach be actually simpler,less time consuming and easier to manage (add a different type of component or new method to solve the pde) compared to the OOP one? I come from a C++/Fortran background, plus I'm not a professional programmer, so correct me on anything that I've got wrong.

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• How can my team avoid frequent errors after refactoring?

  - by SDD64

  to give you a little background: I work for a company with roughly twelve Ruby on Rails developers (+/- interns). Remote work is common. Our product is made out of two parts: a rather fat core, and thin up to big customer projects built upon it. Customer projects usually expand the core. Overwriting of key features does not happen. I might add that the core has some rather bad parts that are in urgent need of refactorings. There are specs, but mostly for the customer projects. The worst part of the core are untested (as it should be...). The developers are split into two teams, working with one or two PO for each sprint. Usually, one customer project is strictly associated with one of the teams and POs. Now our problem: Rather frequently, we break each others stuff. Some one from Team A expands or refactors the core feature Y, causing unexpected errors for one of Team B's customer projects. Mostly, the changes are not announced over the teams, so the bugs hit almost always unexpected. Team B, including the PO, thought about feature Y to be stable and did not test it before releasing, unaware of the changes. How to get rid of those problems? What kind of 'announcement technique' can you recommend me?

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