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• n++ vs n=n+1. Which one is faster

  - by piemesons

  Somebody asked me Is n++ faster than n=n+1? My answer:-- ++ is a unary operator in C which(n++) takes only one machine instruction to execute while n=n+1 takes more than one machine instructions to execute. Anyone correct me if I am wrong, but in Assembler it take something like this: n++: inc n n = n + 1; mov ax n add ax 1 mov n ax its not exactli this, but it's near it.but in most cases a good compiler will change n = n + 1 to ++n.So A good compiler will generate same code for both and hence the same time to execute.

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• Looking for a better way to integrate a static list into a set of classes

  - by EvilTeach

  I'm trying to expand my sons interest from Warcraft 3 programming into C++ to broaden his horizons to a degree. We are planning on porting a little game that he wrote. The context goes something like this. There are Ships and Missiles, for which Ships will use Missiles and interact with them A Container exists which will hold 'a list' of ships. A Container exists which will hold 'a list' of planets. One can apply a function over all elements in the Container (for_each) Ships and Missles can be created/destroyed at any time New objects automatically insert themselves into the proper container. I cobbled a small example together to do that job, so we can talk about topics (list, templates etc) but I am not pleased with the results. #include <iostream> #include <list> using namespace std; /* Base class to hold static list in common with various object groups */ template<class T> class ObjectManager { public : ObjectManager ( void ) { cout << "Construct ObjectManager at " << this << endl; objectList.push_back(this); } virtual ~ObjectManager ( void ) { cout << "Destroy ObjectManager at " << this << endl; } void for_each ( void (*function)(T *) ) { for (objectListIter = objectList.begin(); objectListIter != objectList.end(); ++objectListIter) { (*function)((T *) *objectListIter); } } list<ObjectManager<T> *>::iterator objectListIter; static list<ObjectManager<T> *> objectList; }; /* initializer for static list */ template<class T> list<ObjectManager<T> *> ObjectManager<T>::objectList; /* A simple ship for testing */ class Ship : public ObjectManager<Ship> { public : Ship ( void ) : ObjectManager<Ship>() { cout << "Construct Ship at " << this << endl; } ~Ship ( void ) { cout << "Destroy Ship at " << this << endl; } friend ostream &operator<< ( ostream &out, const Ship &that ) { out << "I am a ship"; return out; } }; /* A simple missile for testing */ class Missile : public ObjectManager<Missile> { public : Missile ( void ) : ObjectManager<Missile>() { cout << "Construct Missile at " << this << endl; } ~Missile ( void ) { cout << "Destroy Missile at " << this << endl; } friend ostream &operator<< ( ostream &out, const Missile &that ) { out << "I am a missile"; return out; } }; /* A function suitable for the for_each function */ template <class T> void show ( T *it ) { cout << "Show: " << *it << " at " << it << endl; } int main ( void ) { /* Create dummy planets for testing */ Missile p1; Missile p2; /* Demonstrate Iterator */ p1.for_each(show); /* Create dummy ships for testing */ Ship s1; Ship s2; Ship s3; /* Demonstrate Iterator */ s1.for_each(show); return 0; } Specifically, The list is effectively embedded in each ship though the inheritance mechanism. One must have a ship, in order to access the list of ships. One must have a missile in order to be able to access the list of missiles. That feels awkward. My question boils down to "Is there a better way to do this?" Automatic object container creation Automatic object insertion Container access without requiring an object in the list to access it. I am looking for better ideas. All helpful entries get an upvote. Thanks Evil.

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• Init var without copy constructor

  - by Ockonal

  Hello, I have some class(Window) without copy constructor (it's private). I can't understand how to init var of this class in my own class: class MyClass { Window obj; // Hasn't copy constructor public: void init() { obj = Window(/* constructor params */); // [error] obj(/* constructor params */); // [error] } } Error 1: initializing argument 1 of ‘Window::Window(WindowHandle, const sf::WindowSettings&)’ Error 2: ‘NonCopyable& NonCopyable::operator=(const NonCopyable&)’ is private But it works in this way: Window obj(/* constructor params */);

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• How do you assign a variable with the result of a if..else block?

  - by Pierre Olivier Martel

  I had an argument with a colleague about the best way to assign a variable in an if..else block. His orignal code was : @products = if params[:category] Category.find(params[:category]).products else Product.all end I rewrote it this way : if params[:category] @products = Category.find(params[:category]).products else @products = Product.all end This could also be rewritten with a one-liner using a ternery operator (? :) but let's pretend that product assignment was longer than a 100 character and couldn't fit in one line. Which of the two is clearer to you? The first solution takes a little less space but I thought that declaring a variable and assigning it three lines after can be more error prone. I also like to see my if and else aligned, makes it easier for my brain to parse it!

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• Logic differences in C and Java

  - by paragjain16

  Compile and run this code in C #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; int index = 2; int i; a[index++] = index = index + 2; for(i = 0; i <= 4; i++) printf("%d\n", a[i]); } Output : 10 20 4 40 50 Now for the same logic in Java class Check { public static void main(String[] ar) { int a[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; int index = 2; a[index++] = index = index + 2; for(int i = 0; i <= 4; i++) System.out.println(a[i]); } } Output : 10 20 5 40 50 Why is there output difference in both languages, output is understandable for Java but I cannot understand output in C One more thing, if we apply the prefix ++ operator, we get the same result in both languages, why?

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• Why will this code compile using ifort compiler and not when using gfortran compiler? Help!

  - by CuriousCompiler

  I'm rewriting some code to make a program compile with the gfortran compiler as opposed to ifort compiler I usually use. The code follows: _Subroutine SlideBits (WORD, BITS, ADDR) Implicit None Integer(4) WORD Integer(4) BITS Integer(4) ADDR Integer(4) ADDR1 ADDR1 = 32 - ADDR WORD = (WORD .And. (.Not.ISHFT(1,ADDR1))) .Or. ISHFT(BITS,ADDR1) End_ When I compile the above code using the gfortran compiler, I recieve this error: WORD = (WORD .And. (.Not.ISHFT(1,ADDR1))) .Or. ISHFT(BITS,ADDR1) Error: Operand of .NOT. operator at (1) is INTEGER(4) All three of the variables coming into the subroutine are integers. I've looked around a bit and the gfortran wiki states that the gfortran compiler should be able to handle logical statments being applied to integer values. Several other sites I've visited either quote from the gnu wiki or agree with it. This is the first time I've seen this error as the Intel Fortran compiler (ifort) I normally use compiles cleanly.

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• Make process crash on large memory allocation

  - by Pieter

  I'm trying to find a significant memory leak (15MB at a time, but doing allocations like this on multiple places). I checked the most obvious places, and then used AQTime, but I still can't pinpoint it. Now I see 2 options left: 1) Use SetProcessWorkingSetSize: I've tried this but my process happily keeps on running when using up more then 150MB: DWORD MemorySize = 150*1024*1024; SetProcessWorkingSetSize( GetCurrentProcess(), MemorySize/2, MemorySize*2 ); 2) Put a breakpoint when allocating more then 1MB at a time. How should I do this, overload operator new with an 'if1MB' inside ?

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• Tips for optimizing C#/.NET programs

  - by Bob

  It seems like optimization is a lost art these days. Wasn't there a time when all programmers squeezed every ounce of efficiency from their code? Often doing so while walking 5 miles in the snow? In the spirit of bringing back a lost art, what are some tips that you know of for simple (or perhaps complex) changes to optimize C#/.NET code? Since it's such a broad thing that depends on what one is trying to accomplish it'd help to provide context with your tip. For instance: When concatenating many strings together use StringBuilder instead. If you're only concatenating a handful of strings it's ok to use the + operator. Use string.Compare to compare 2 strings instead of doing something like string1.ToLower() == string2.ToLower()

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• Completion block not being called. How to check validity?

  - by HCHogan

  I have this method which takes a block, but that block isn't always called. See the method: - (void)updateWithCompletion:(void (^)(void))completion { [MYObject myMethodWithCompletion:^(NSArray *array, NSError *error) { if (error) { NSLog(@"%s, ERROR not nil", __FUNCTION__); completion(); return; } NSLog(@"%s, calling completion %d", __FUNCTION__, &completion); completion(); NSLog(@"%s, finished completion", __FUNCTION__); }]; } I have some more NSLogs inside completion. Sometimes this program counter just blows right past the call to completion() in the code above. I don't see why this would be as the calling code always passes a literal block of code as input. If you're curious of the output of the line containing the addressof operator, it's always something different, but never 0 or nil. What would cause completion not to be executed?

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• Use case modelling for calculator

  - by kyrogue

  hi, i need help modelling a use case diagram from a topic, it will be in java GUI Design a Calculator that 1.Allow user to key in a legitimate arithmetic statement that involves number, operator +, - and bracket '(' and ')' ; 2.When user press “Calculate” button, display result; 3.Some legitimate statement would be ((3+2)-4+2) (equals 3) and (-2+3)-(3-1) (equals -1); 4.You should NOT use a pre-existing function that just take in the statement as a parameter and returns the result but you should write the logic of parsing every character in your code. 5.Store the last statement and answer so it is displayed when user press the “Last calculation” button. i have designed two use case diagrams using UML on netbeans 6.5.1, one of the use case i am not sure whether is it containing too much use cases etc, while the other is what i think could be too vague for the topic.i hope to get some feedback on whether the use case diagram are appropriate, thanks.

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• Copy constructor demo (crashing... case 2)

  - by AKN

  Please have a glance at this program: class CopyCon { public: char *name; CopyCon() { name = new char[20]; name = "Hai";//_tcscpy(name,"Hai"); } CopyCon(const CopyCon &objCopyCon) { name = new char[_tcslen(objCopyCon.name)+1]; _tcscpy(name,objCopyCon.name); } ~CopyCon() { if( name != NULL ) { delete[] name; name = NULL; } } }; int main() { CopyCon obj1; CopyCon obj2(obj1); cout<<obj1.name<<endl; cout<<obj2.name<<endl; } This program crashes on execution. Error: "Expression: _BLOCK_TYPE_IS_VALID(pHead-nBlockUse)" If I assign "Hai" to name using aasignment operator, its crashing. Where as when I use string func _tcscpy to assign "Hai" to name, its working perfectly. Can some one explain why so?

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• Intersection of two querysets in django

  - by unagimiyagi

  Hello, I can't do an AND on two querysets. As in, q1 & q2. I get the empty set and I do not know why. I have tested this with the simplest cases. I am using django 1.1.1 I have basically objects like this: item1 name="Joe" color = "blue" item2 name="Jim" color = "blue" color = "white" item3 name="John" color = "red" color = "white" Is there something weird about having a many-to-many relationship or what am I missing? queryset1 = Item.objects.filter(color="blue") this gives (item1, item2) queryset2 = Item.objects.filter(color="white") this gives (item2, item3) queryset1 & queryset2 gives me the empty set [] The OR operator works fine (I'm using "|" ) Why is this so?

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• VBA: How to refer to the right worksheet

  - by stanigator

  Sub Macro1() ' ' Macro1 Macro ' ' Worksheets("Drop-down").Select n = Cells(1, 1).End(xlDown).Row For i = 1 To n ActiveSheet.Cells(i, 2).Select If Worksheets("Misc").Cells(2, i).Value <> "" Then If Worksheets("Misc").Cells(3, i).Value <> "" Then Set validationRange = Range(Worksheets("Misc").Cells(2, i), Worksheets("Misc").Cells(2, i).End(xlDown)) Else Set validationRange = Worksheets("Misc").Cells(2, i) End If With Selection.Validation .Delete .Add Type:=xlValidateList, AlertStyle:=xlValidAlertStop, Operator:= _ xlBetween, Formula1:=validationRange.Address .IgnoreBlank = True .InCellDropdown = True .InputTitle = "" .ErrorTitle = "" .InputMessage = "" .ErrorMessage = "" .ShowInput = True .ShowError = True End With End If Next i End Sub The lines after ActiveSheet.Cells(i,2).select within the for loop is not referring to the correct worksheet I want when I rechecked the settings for the validation drop-down menu. What is the easiest way of correcting this setback? Thanks in advance.

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• Binding multiple arrays for WHERE IN in PostgreSQL

  - by Alec

  So I want to prepare a query something like: SELECT id FROM users WHERE (branch, cid) IN $1; But I then need to bind a variable length list of arrays like (('a','b'),('c','d')) to it. How do I go about doing this? I've tried using ANY but can't seem to get the syntax right. Cheers, Alec Edit: After some fiddling around, this is valid syntactically: SELECT id FROM users WHERE (branch, cid) = ANY ($1::text[][]); and then binding the string '{{a,b},{c,d}}' to $1 but throws the error "operator does not exist: record = text". Changing 'text' to 'record' then throws "input of anonymous composite types is not implemented". Any ideas?

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• Run time error '3075' in Access 2007

  - by Thys

  I am getting the following error when I try to open a report in Access 2007. The code works fine in Access 2003. run time error '3075' Syntax error (missing operator) in query expression '[COUNTRY_ID]=' here is the code giving the error... How could I fix this? Private Sub List25_Click() Combo20.SetFocus 'DoCmd.FindRecord List25.ItemData(List25.ListIndex) Forms![Country Rate Administration].Filter = "[COUNTRY_ID]=" & List25.ItemData(List25.ListIndex) Forms![Country Rate Administration].FilterOn = True End Sub Thansk in advance for your help!

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• what does this C++ line of code mean "sol<?=f((1<<n)-1,i,0)+abs(P[i])*price;"

  - by KItis

  Could anyone help me to understand following line of code. sol I am studying an algorithm written using c++ and it has following operator " following is the error message returned. Hello.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: Hello.cpp:115: error: ‘memset’ was not declared in this scope Hello.cpp:142: error: expected primary-expression before ‘?’ token Hello.cpp:142: error: expected primary-expression before ‘=’ token Hello.cpp:142: error: expected ‘:’ before ‘;’ token Hello.cpp:142: error: expected primary-expression before ‘;’ token may be " Thanks in advance for the time you spent reading this post.

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• Constructing T-SQL WHERE condition at runtime

  - by Nickson

  I would like to implement a search function where a user passes all the arguments to the "WHERE" clause at runtime. For example in query below, SELECT Col1, Col2, Col3, Col4 FROM MyTable WHERE Col2 = John 1.Now what i want is to give the user a dropdownlist of columnns such that the user selects a column to search by at runtime Also instead of precoding Col2 = John, i want the user to choose their own operator at runtime(such as choosing between =, <, <, <, LIKE, IN) i basically want to contruct a query like SELECT Col1, Col2, Col3, Col4 FROM MyTable WHERE (@FieldToSearchBy e.g Col3, @OperatorToUserInSearach e.g LIKE, @ValueToSearch e.g John) I want to pass @FieldToSearchBy, @OperatorToUserInSearach, @ValueToSearch) as user specified parameters at runtime I want to do this with a TableAdpter like in this example http://www.codeproject.com/KB/database/TableAdapter.aspx

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• Question regarding built-in type variable is returned from a function

  - by Chan

  Hello, If a local object is returned in a function call, it has to do at least three steps: 1. Copy constructor is called to hold a copy. 2. Destroy local object. 3. A copy is return. For example: x = y + z If x is an integer object. A copy of y + z should be returned, then a new object is created, then assignment operator of x will take this object as parameter. So my question is: Is the same process used for built-in type such as int, double...? If they're not the same, how's it done? Thanks, Chan

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• std::map default value for build-in type

  - by Qifa Zhao

  Recently, I was confused by the std::map operator[] function. In the MSDN library, it says: "If the argument key value is not found, then it is inserted along with the default value of the data type." I tryed to search much more exactly explanation for this issue. For example here: std::map default value In this page, Michael Anderson said that "the default value is constructed by the default constructor(zero parameter constructor)". Now my quest comes to this:"what the default value for the build-in type?". Was it compiler related? Or is there a standard for this issue by the c++ stardard committee? I did a test on visual studio 2008 for the "int" type, and found the "int" type is construted with the value 0.

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• In Haskell, how can you sort a list of infinite lists of strings?

  - by HaskellNoob

  So basically, if I have a (finite or infinite) list of (finite or infinite) lists of strings, is it possible to sort the list by length first and then by lexicographic order, excluding duplicates? A sample input/output would be: Input: [["a", "b",...], ["a", "aa", "aaa"], ["b", "bb", "bbb",...], ...] Output: ["a", "b", "aa", "bb", "aaa", "bbb", ...] I know that the input list is not a valid haskell expression but suppose that there is an input like that. I tried using merge algorithm but it tends to hang on the inputs that I give it. Can somebody explain and show a decent sorting function that can do this? If there isn't any function like that, can you explain why? In case somebody didn't understand what I meant by the sorting order, I meant that shortest length strings are sorted first AND if one or more strings are of same length then they are sorted using < operator. Thanks!

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• How does sizeof calculate the size of structures

  - by Gearoid Murphy

  I know that a char and an int are calculated as being 8 bytes on 32 bit architectures due to alignment, but I recently came across a situation where a structure with 3 shorts was reported as being 6 bytes by the sizeof operator. Code is as follows: #include <iostream> using namespace std ; struct IntAndChar { int a ; unsigned char b ; }; struct ThreeShorts { unsigned short a ; unsigned short b ; unsigned short c ; }; int main() { cout<<sizeof(IntAndChar)<<endl; // outputs '8' cout<<sizeof(ThreeShorts)<<endl; // outputs '6', I expected this to be '8' return 0 ; } Compiler : g++ (Debian 4.3.2-1.1) 4.3.2. This really puzzles me, why isn't alignment enforced for the structure containing 3 shorts?

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• How to read from a method that returns a filehandle in perl?

  - by Ryan Thompson

  I have an object with a method that returns a filehandle, and I want to read from that handle. The following doesn't work, because the right angle bracket of the method call is interpreted as the closing angle bracket of the input reader: my $input = <$object->get_handle()>; That gets parsed as: my $input = ( < $object- > ) get_handle() >; which is obviously a syntax error. Is there any way I can perform a method call within an angle operator, or do I need to break it into two steps like this? my $handle = $object->get_handle(); my $input = <$handle>;

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• Deriving streambuf or basic_ostringstream?

  - by Helltone

  Hi, I want to derive a stringstream so that I can use the operator<< to construct a message which will then be thrown. The API would look like: error("some text") << " more text " << 42 << std::endl; This should do a throw "some text more text 42" So what I did is make an errorbuf (inheriting from streambuf) which overloads the 'overflow' method and then create an ostream(&errorbuf). I wonder if I shouldn't instead inherit from basic_ostringstream or something...

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• Storing multiple checkbox values in database

  - by Madjokr

  Hi, I want to store multiple column values in table.Lets take a example .. What are your favourite colors? the choices can be red,blue,green, orange. So lets assume, the user selects atleast 2 values. Is there any way to store the multiple values in table. I have implemented by concatinating choices of users in a column in the table. I later found that it is a bad practise. Currently i can think of using Bitwise operator and habtm. What are the different ways for storing multiple choices values in table? If I am implementing in rails, What is the best way to implement this with OOP concepts? Is there any builtin options in rails?

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• Haskell: What is the difference between $ (dollar) and $! (dollar exclamation point)

  - by Jelle Fresen

  Can anybody explain the difference in Haskell between the operators ($) and ($!) (dollar sign vs dollar sign exclamation point)? I haven't seen the use of $! anywhere so far, but while browsing through the Haskell reference on www.zvon.org, I noticed its existence and that it has the exact same definition as $. When trying some simple statements in a Haskell interpreter (ghci), I couldn't find any difference, nor could I find any reference to the operator in the top listed tutorials when googling for haskell tutorial. So, just out of curiosity, what is the difference, if at all?

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