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• Postfix: Using google apps for stmp errors

  - by Zed Said

  I am using postfix and need to send the mail using google apps smtp. I am getting errors after I thought I had set everything up correctly: May 11 09:50:57 zedsaid postfix/error[22214]: 00E009693FB: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=2466, delays=2462/3.4/0/0.06, dsn=4.7.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: SASL authentication failed; cannot authenticate to server smtp.gmail.com[74.125.155.109]: no mechanism available) May 11 09:50:57 zedsaid postfix/error[22213]: 0ACB36D1B94: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=2486, delays=2482/3.4/0/0.06, dsn=4.7.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: SASL authentication failed; cannot authenticate to server smtp.gmail.com[74.125.155.109]: no mechanism available) May 11 09:50:57 zedsaid postfix/error[22232]: 067379693D3: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=2421, delays=2417/3.4/0/0.06, dsn=4.7.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: SASL authentication failed; cannot authenticate to server smtp.gmail.com[74.125.155.109]: no mechanism available) main.cf: # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters #smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem #smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = zedsaid.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = #relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all delay_warning_time = 4h smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 # how many error before back off. smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 # how many max errors before blocking it. smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 ## Gmail Relay relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587 smtp_use_tls = yes smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = login smtp_tls_eccert_file = smtp_tls_eckey_file = smtp_use_tls = yes smtp_enforce_tls = no smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_received_header = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport debug_peer_list = smtp.gmail.com debug_peer_level = 3 What am I doing wrong?

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• How to make ssh connection between servers using public-key authentication

  - by Rafael

  I am setting up a continuos integration(CI) server and a test web server. I would like that CI server would access web server with public key authentication. In the web server I have created an user and generated the keys sudo useradd -d /var/www/user -m user sudo passwd user sudo su user ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/var/www/user/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/var/www/user/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /var/www/user/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /var/www/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. However othe side, CI server copies the key to the host but still asks password ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@webserver-address user@webserver-address's password: Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'user@webserver-address'", and check in: .ssh/authorized_keys to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting. I checked on the web server and the CI server public key has been copied to web server authorized_keys but when I connect, It asks password. ssh 'user@webserver-address' user@webserver-address's password: If I try use root user rather than my created user (both users are with copied public keys). It connects with the public key ssh 'root@webserver-address' Welcome to Ubuntu 11.04 (GNU/Linux 2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1 x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ Last login: Wed Apr 11 10:21:13 2012 from ******* root@webserver-address:~#

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• How to diagnose website performance/app pool recycling with Windows 2008/IIS7

  - by ilasno

  Ok, so there are various symptoms here (clients and and our own employees complaining of intermittent slowdowns, getting 'kicked out' to login page or just having a save request not properly save the submitted data). The environment: Windows Server 2008 (Datacenter), Service Pack 2, 64-bit, 2x2.8 GHz processors, 7.5 GB RAM MS SQL Server 2008 (running on the same machine) IIS 7 There are ~10 websites running on the server, each in their own application pool - most of these pools are running in Integrated mode, 2 are in Classic, all are on .NET 2.0 and all run as ApplicationPoolIdentity. I'm trying to analyze, diagnose, and troubleshoot and am struggling with where to get more info about what could be happening. Here are some steps i have already taken: Set each application pool to recycle once per day, and removed any other automatic recycling Set a Virtual Memory Limit for each to 1024000KB (1GB) Enabled ALL 'Generate Recycle Event Log Entry' entries (Config Changes, Isapi Reported Unhealthy, Manual Recycle, Private Memory Limit Exceeded, Regular Time Interval, Request Limit Exceeded, Specific Time, Virtual Memory Limit Exceeded) I have seen the app pool processes recycle (in Task Manager) - a new one will start up, and then the first one dies off - and this has happened without the memory or time going over the settings. This is a fairly new server, and most of these came from Windows Server 2003/IIS6. Any 'next steps' for setting up information gathering, logging, diagnosing, etc. would be much appreciated! j

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• apt-get : Size mismatch

  - by Cédric Girard

  I created a private deb repository to spread a software and it's updates to 600 Ubuntu netbooks. Each time the network is connected, my script try to do a apt-get update. But sometimes (quite often in fact), I have this : Failed to fetch https://myserver/ubuntu/dists/maverick/main/binary-i386/voosicomat.deb Size mismatch The server is an 2.2 Apache, HTTPS only. There is no error on it's logs. Here is the script : apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade --force-yes --yes Here is the complete output of apt-get Ign https://myserver maverick Release.gpg Ign https://myserver/ubuntu/ maverick/main Translation-en Ign https://myserver maverick Release Ign https://myserver maverick/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign https://myserver maverick/main i386 Packages Ign https://myserver maverick/main i386 Packages Hit https://myserver maverick/main i386 Packages Reading package lists... Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... The following packages will be upgraded: majdb utilitaires voosicomat 3 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 6207kB/6273kB of archives. After this operation, 0B of additional disk space will be used. WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated! utilitaires voosicomat majdb Get:1 https://myserver/ubuntu/ maverick/main voosicomat all 2.0.1 [4755kB] Get:2 https://myserver/ubuntu/ maverick/main majdb all 1.0.17 [1452kB] Failed to fetch https://myserver/ubuntu/dists/maverick/main/binary-i386/voosicomat.deb Size mismatch Fetched 7091kB in 21s (324kB/s) E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? Regards Cédric

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• postfix smtpd rejecting mail from outside network match_list_match: no match

  - by Loopo

  My postfix (V: 2.5.5-1.1) running on ubuntu server (9.04) started to reject mail arriving in from outside about 2 weeks ago. Doing a "manual" session via telnet shows that the connection is always closed after the MAIL FROM: [email protected] line is input, with the message "Connection closed by foreign host." Doing the same from another client inside the LAN works fine. In the log files I get the line "lost connection after MAIL from xxxxx.tld[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]" This is after some lines like: match_hostaddr: XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX ~? [::1]/128 match_hostname: XXXX.tld ~? 192.168.1.0/24 ... match_list_match: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: no match which seem to suggest some kind of filter which checks for allowed addresses. I have been unable to locate where this filter lives, or how to turn it off. I'm not even sure if that's what's causing my problem. Connections from inside the LAN don't get disconnected even though they also show a "match_list_match: ... no match" line. I didn't change any configuration files recently, below is my main.cf as it currently stands. I don't really know what all the parameters do and how they interact. I just set it up initially and it worked fine (up to recently). smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (GNU) biff = no readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/server.crt smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/server.key #smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no smtp_use_tls=no smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/smtp_auth myhostname = XXXXXXX.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = XXXX.XXXX.com, XXXX.com, localhost.XXXXX.com, localhost relayhost = XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 192.168.1.0/24 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all smtpd_sasl_local_domain = #smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_ when checking the process list, postfix/smtpd runs as smtpd -n smtp -t inet -u -c -o stress -v -v Any clues?

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• Simulated NAT Traversal on Virtual Box

  - by Sumit Arora

  I have installed virtual box ( with Two virtual Adapters(NAT-type)) - Host (Ubuntu -10.10) - Guest-Opensuse-11.4 . Objective : Trying to simulate all four types of NAT as defined here : https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/TOP/NAT+Traversal+Testing Simulating the various kinds of NATs can be done using Linux iptables. In these examples, eth0 is the private network and eth1 is the public network. Full-cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j DNAT --to-destination Restricted cone iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p udp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -j DROP iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state NEW -j DROP Port-restricted cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source Symmentric echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables --flush iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE --random iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT What I did : OpenSuse guest with Two Virtual adapters - eth0 and eth1 -- eth1 with address 10.0.3.15 /eth1:1 as 10.0.3.16 -- eth0 with address 10.0.2.15 now running stund(http://sourceforge.net/projects/stun/) client/server : Server eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./server -v -h 10.0.3.15 -a 10.0.3.16 Client eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./client -v 10.0.3.15 -i 10.0.2.15 On all Four Cases It is giving same results : test I = 1 test II = 1 test III = 1 test I(2) = 1 is nat = 0 mapped IP same = 1 hairpin = 1 preserver port = 1 Primary: Open Return value is 0x000001 Q-1 :Please let me know If any has ever done, It should behave like NAT as per description but nowhere it working as a NAT. Q-2: How NAT Implemented in Home routers (Usually Port Restricted), but those also pre-configured iptables rules and tuned Linux

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• Creating Active Directory on an EC2 box

  - by Chiggins

  So I have Active Directory set up on a Windows Server 2008 Amazon EC2 server. Its set up correctly I think, I never got any errors with it. Just to test that I got it all set up correctly, I have a Windows 7 Professional virtual machine set up on my network to join to AD. I set the VM to use the Active Directory box as its DNS server. I type in my domain to join it, but I get the following error: DNS was successfully queried for the service location (SRV) resource record used to locate a domain controller for domain "ad.win.chigs.me": The query was for the SRV record for _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.ad.win.chigs.me The following domain controllers were identified by the query: ip-0af92ac4.ad.win.chigs.me However no domain controllers could be contacted. Common causes of this error include: - Host (A) or (AAAA) records that map the names of the domain controllers to their IP addresses are missing or contain incorrect addresses. - Domain controllers registered in DNS are not connected to the network or are not running. It seems that I can talk to Active Directory, but when I'm trying to contact the Domain Controller, its giving a private IP to connect to, at least thats what I can make out of it. Here are some nslookup results. > win.chigs.me Server: ec2-184-73-35-150.compute-1.amazonaws.com Address: 184.73.35.150 Non-authoritative answer: Name: ec2-184-73-35-150.compute-1.amazonaws.com Address: 10.249.42.196 Aliases: win.chigs.me > ad.win.chigs.me Server: ec2-184-73-35-150.compute-1.amazonaws.com Address: 184.73.35.150 Name: ad.win.chigs.me Address: 10.249.42.196 win.chigs.me and ad.win.chigs.me are CNAME's pointing to my EC2 box. Any idea what I need to do so that I can join my virtual machine to the EC2 Active Directory set up I have? Thanks!

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• Sending emails with Thunderbird + Postfix + Zarafa does not work

  - by Sven Jung

  I installed zarafa on my vserver and use as MTA postfix. The webaccess works fine, I can revceive and send emails, also receiving mails with thunderbird (IMAP ssl/tls) works. But there is a problem, sending emails with thunderbird. I established an account in thunderbird with imap ssl/tls connection which works finde, and a starttls smtp connection on port 25 for the outgoing mail server. If I try to send an email with thunderbird I get an error: 5.7.1 Relay access denied this is my mail.log Sep 7 16:10:07 postfix/smtpd[6153]: connect from p4FE06C0A.dip.t-dialin.net[79.224.110.10] Sep 7 16:10:08 postfix/smtpd[6153]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from p4FE06C0A.dip.t-dialin.net[79.224.110.10]: 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denie$ Sep 7 16:10:10 postfix/smtpd[6153]: disconnect from p4FE06C0A.dip.t-dialin.net[79.224.110.10] and this my /etc/postfix/main.conf # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache virtual_mailbox_domains = firstdomain.de, seconddomain.de virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual virtual_transport = lmtp:127.0.0.1:2003 myhostname = mail.firstdomain.de alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 I don't know what to do, because actually sending mails to internal and external addresses works with the webaccess. Perhaps somebody can help me?

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• Password Protect XML-RPC

  - by Terence Eden

  I have a service running on a server which I want to access via XML-RPC. I've installed all the necessary bits. Within /etc/apache2/httpd.conf I have the single line SCGIMount /RPC2 127.0.0.1:5000 I can run xmlrpc commands from my server - and any server which connects to /RPC2. What I want to do is password protect the directory to stop unauthorised usage. Within /etc/apache2/httpd.conf I've added <Location /RPC2> AuthName "Private" AuthType Basic AuthBasicProvider file AuthUserFile /home/me/myhtpasswd Require user me </Location> Trying to access /RPC2 brings up the "Authorization Required" box and it accepts my username and password. However, xmlrpc now doesn't work! If I run xmlrpc localhost some_command on my server, I get the error Failed. Call failed. HTTP response code is 401, not 200. (XML-RPC fault code -504) Is there any way I can password protect my /RPC2 directory and have xmlrpc commands work?

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• Mac OS X Disk Encryption - Automation

  - by jfm429

  I want to setup a Mac Mini server with an external drive that is encrypted. In Finder, I can use the full-disk encryption option. However, for multiple users, this could become tricky. What I want to do is encrypt the external volume, then set things up so that when the machine boots, the disk is unlocked so that all users can access it. Of course permissions need to be maintained, but that goes without saying. What I'm thinking of doing is setting up a root-level launchd script that runs once on boot and unlocks the disk. The encryption keys would probably be stored in root's keychain. So here's my list of concerns: If I store the encryption keys in the system keychain, then the file in /private/var/db/SystemKey could be used to unlock the keychain if an attacker ever gained physical access to the server. this is bad. If I store the encryption keys in my user keychain, I have to manually run the command with my password. This is undesirable. If I run a launchd script with my user credentials, it will run under my user account but won't have access to the keychain, defeating the purpose. If root has a keychain (does it?) then how would it be decrypted? Would it remain locked until the password was entered (like the user keychain) or would it have the same problem as the system keychain, with keys stored on the drive and accessible with physical access? Assuming all of the above works, I've found diskutil coreStorage unlockVolume which seems to be the appropriate command, but the details of where to store the encryption key is the biggest problem. If the system keychain is not secure enough, and user keychains require a password, what's the best option?

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• preformance wise htaccess

  - by purpler

  hese's the my htaccess template, i wonder if anything could be added to increase website performance.. # Defaults AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 DefaultLanguage en-US ServerSignature Off FileETag None Header unset ETag Options -MultiViews #Options All -Indexes # Force the latest IE version or ChromeFrame <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> <IfModule mod_headers.c> BrowserMatch MSIE ie Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1" env=ie </IfModule> </IfModule> # Proxy X-UA Setup <IfModule mod_headers.c> Header append Vary User-Agent </IfModule> #Rewrites Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / # Redirect to non-WWW RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect to WWW RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.com RewriteRule (.*) http://www.domain.com/$1 [R=301,L] # Redirect index to root RewriteRule ^(.*)index\.(php|html)$ /$1 [R=301,L] # Caching ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault A0 Header set Cache-Control "public" # 1 Year Long Cache <FilesMatch "\.(flv|fla|ico|pdf|avi|mov|ppt|doc|mp3|wmv|wav|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|swf|js|css|ttf|eot|woff|svg|svgz)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 </FilesMatch> # Proxy Caching <FilesMatch "\.(css|js|png)$"> ExpiresDefault A31622400 Header set Cache-Control "private" </FilesMatch> # Protect against DOS attacks by limiting file upload size LimitRequestBody 10240000 # Proper SVG serving AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz AddEncoding gzip svgz # GZip Compression <IfModule mod_deflate.c> <FilesMatch "\.(php|html|css|js|xml|txt|ttf|otf|eot|svg)$" > SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </FilesMatch> </IfModule> # Error page ErrorDocument 404 /404.html # Deny access to sensitive files <FilesMatch "\.(htaccess|ini|log|psd)$"> Order Allow,Deny Deny from all </FilesMatch>

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• Client certificate based encryption

  - by Timo Willemsen

  I have a question about security of a file on a webserver. I have a file on my webserver which is used by my webapplication. It's a bitcoin wallet. Essentially it's a file with a private key in it used to decrypt messages. Now, my webapplication uses the file, because it's used to recieve transactions made trough the bitcoin network. I was looking into ways to secure it. Obviously if someone has root access to the server, he can do the same as my application. However, I need to find a way to encrypt it. I was thinking of something like this, but I have no clue if this is actually going to work: Client logs in with some sort of client certificate. Webapplication creates a wallet file. Webapplication encrypts file with client certificate. If the application wants to access the file, it has to use the client certificate. So basically, if someone gets root access to the site, they cannot access the wallet. Is this possible and does anyone know about an implementation of this? Are there any problems with this? And how safe would this be?

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• Connection refused after installing vsftp on Ubuntu 8.04 with fail2ban

  - by Patrick

  I have been using an Ubuntu 8.04 server with fail2ban for a while now (12+ months) and using ftp over SSH without any problems. I have a new user that needs to put files onto the server from an IP modem. I have installed vsftp (sudo apt-get install vsftp) and everything installed correctly. I have created an ftp user on the server following this guide. Whenever I try to connect to the server with my ftp program (filezilla) I get an immediate response of: Connection attempt failed with "ECONNREFUSED - Connection refused by server". I have looked into fail2ban and cannot find any problems. The iptables setup is: Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination fail2ban-ssh tcp -- anywhere anywhere multiport dports ssh Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain fail2ban-ssh (1 references) target prot opt source destination RETURN all -- anywhere anywhere VSFTP config file (commented lines removed) listen=YES anonymous_enable=NO local_enable=YES write_enable=YES dirmessage_enable=YES xferlog_enable=YES connect_from_port_20=YES chown_uploads=YES chown_username=[username] secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd pam_service_name=vsftpd rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key Any ideas on what is preventing access to the server?

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• Updating the $PATH for running an command through SSH with LDAP user account

  - by Guillaume Bodi

  Hi all, I am setting up a Mac OSX 1.6 server to host Git repositories. As such we need to push commits to the server through SSH. The server has only an admin account and uses a user list from a LDAP server. Now, since it is accessing the server through a non interactive shell, git operations are not able to complete since git executables are not in the default path. As the users are network users, they do not have a local home folder. So I cannot use a ~/.bashrc and the like solution. I browsed over several articles here and there but could not get it working in a nice and clean setup. Here are the infos on the methods I gathered so far: I could update the default PATH environment to include the git executables folder. However, I could not manage to do it successfully. Updating /etc/paths didn't change anything and since it's not an interactive shell, /etc/profile and /etc/bashrc are ignored. From the ssh manpage, I read that a BASH_ENV variable can be set to get an optional script to be executed. However I cannot figure how to set it system wide on the server. If it needs to be set up on the client machine, this is not an acceptable solution. If someone has some info on how it is supposed to be done, please, by all means! I can fix this problem by creating a .bashrc with PATH correction in the system root (since all network users would start here as they do not have home). But it just feels wrong. Additionally, if we do create a home folder for an user, then the git command would fail again. I can install a third party application to set up hooks on the login and then run a script creating a home directory with the necessary path corrections. This smells like a backyard tinkering and duct tape solution. I can install a small script on the server and ForceCommand the sshd to this script on login. This script will then look for a command to execute ($SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND) and trigger a login shell to run this command, or just trigger a regular login shell for an interactive session. The full details of this method can be found here: http://marc.info/?l=git&m=121378876831164 The last one is the best method I found so far. Any suggestions on how to deal with this properly?

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• How to enabled Printer Sharing on Web Server 2008?

  - by FarrEver

  I am installing Web Server 2008 for my home network. I have 2 USB printers that I am connecting to this machine and want to share these printers so that my other machines can print to these 2 USB printers. (I previously had Win Server 2003 on this machine and was able to share both printers fine.) File and Printer sharing Inbound Role for my Private network is enabled, when I go into Network and Sharing Center and try to turn ON Printer Sharing, it never sticks. It always stays on OFF. I go to my installed printers and try to Share them and get the following error message: Printer Settings could not be saved. Remote connections to the Print Spooler are blocked by a policy set on your machine. I have not been able to find a policy on my machine that is preventing this. I have searched a lot over the past few days and most of the results say what I have done should work and there are also a number of search results that say Printer Sharing on Web Server 2008 is not allowed and you have to hack it. Has anyone installed Web Server 2008 and shared printers before? If so, what are the detailed steps you took to get this to work?

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• Measure Total Bandwidth for Billing

  - by TonyZ

  I am setting up a new network which customers will host their applications on. It needs to be able to scale out to a few hundred servers and each server will have several VMs on it. Right now in my test environment, after the telco router, we are using a Linux router/firewall which is then connected to a Layer 2 switch. Could be a layer 3 in the future. I need to track total bandwidth per VM for each machine, and I need to do it in a way that it is not part of the VM. Each VM will have a private class ip address which is Natted by the gateway, or we may eventually run more than firewall/reverse proxy off a layer 3 switch. So my thinking is that I can do it off of a promiscuous port on the switches, or at the gateway firewall. I would like to have an out of the box solution, preferably open source. Does anyone have suggestions on the easiest way to set this up, and the easiest tool to use. I have looked at the web sites for Nagios, Zenoss, Zabbix, ntops on the firewall, etc. It is hard to ascertain just from the web sites if they do exactly this or not. Obviously, performance is also somewhat key here. Anything running on the gateway should not drag it down doing traffic accounting. Thanks for any thoughts. Tony Zakula

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• dovecot login issue with plain passwords

  - by user3028

  I am having an odd problem in dovecot, the first time I try to login via telnet dovecot gives a error, the second time it works, both within the same telnet session. This is the telnet session, note the 'BAD Error in IMAP command received by server' and the "a OK" just after that : telnet 192.168.1.2 143 * OK Waiting for authentication process to respond.. * OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE STARTTLS AUTH=PLAIN] Dovecot ready. a login someUserLogin supersecretpassword * BAD Error in IMAP command received by server. a login someUserLogin supersecretpassword a OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE SORT SORT=DISPLAY THREAD=REFERENCES THREAD=REFS MULTIAPPEND UNSELECT CHILDREN NAMESPACE UIDPLUS LIST-EXTENDED I18NLEVEL=1 CONDSTORE QRESYNC ESEARCH ESORT SEARCHRES WITHIN CONTEXT=SEARCH LIST-STATUS] Logged in dovecot configuration >dovecot -n # 2.0.19: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 3.5.0-34-generic x86_64 Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS auth_debug = yes auth_verbose = yes disable_plaintext_auth = no login_trusted_networks = 192.168.1.0/16 mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir passdb { driver = pam } protocols = " imap" ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem userdb { driver = passwd } This is the log file: Jul 3 12:27:51 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth Jul 3 12:27:51 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=23499) Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: client in: AUTH#0111#011PLAIN#011service=imap#011secured#011no-penalty#011lip=192.168.1.2#011rip=192.169.1.3#011lport=143#011rport=50438#011resp=<hidden> Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth-worker: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth-worker: Debug: pam(someUserLogin,192.169.1.3): lookup service=dovecot Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth-worker: Debug: pam(someUserLogin,192.169.1.3): #1/1 style=1 msg=Password: Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: client out: OK#0111#011user=someUserLogin Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: master in: REQUEST#0111823473665#01123499#0111#0113a58da53e091957d3cd306ac4114f0b9 Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: passwd(someUserLogin,192.169.1.3): lookup Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: master out: USER#0111823473665#011someUserLogin#011system_groups_user=someUserLogin#011uid=1000#011gid=1000#011home=/home/someUserLogin Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<someUserLogin>, method=PLAIN, rip=192.169.1.3, lip=192.168.1.2, mpid=23503, secured

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• apache performance timing out

  - by Mike

  Im running a webserver where I'm hosting about 6-7 websites. Most of these websites get their content from MySQL which is hosted on the same server. Traffic average per day is about 500-600 unique visitors, about 150K hits per week. But for some reason sometimes websites send a timeout, OR sometimes websites dont load all images. I know that I should perhaps separate static content from dynamic content, but for now I think that's not a possibility. I would appreciate any suggestions on how could I improve the performance of apache, so it doesn't keep timing out. Server is running on Sempron LE 1300; 2.3GHz,512K Cache 2GB RAM 10Mbps/1Mbps Services: MySQL, ProFTPD, Apache. Private + Shared = RAM used Program ---------------------------------------------------- 1.2 MiB + 54.0 KiB = 1.2 MiB proftpd 4.1 MiB + 23.0 KiB = 4.1 MiB munin-node 20.8 MiB + 120.5 KiB = 20.9 MiB mysqld 47.3 MiB + 9.9 MiB = 57.3 MiB apache2 (22) top: Mem: 2075356k total, 1826196k used, 249160k free, Timeout 35 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 300 KeepAliveTimeout 5 <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 10 MinSpareServers 20 MaxSpareServers 20 MaxClients 60 MaxRequestsPerChild 1000 </IfModule> <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule>

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• What is the IPv6 equivalent to IPv4 RFC1918 addresses?

  - by Kumba

  Having a hard time wrapping my head around IPv6 here. A lot of the lingo seems targeted at enterprise-level IPv6 deployments, discussing link-local, site-local, global unicast, scopes, etc. Not a lot of solid information on really small networks, like home networks. I want to check my thinking and make sure I am getting the correct translations from IPv4-speak to IPv6-speak. The first question is, what's the equivalent of RFC1918 for IPv6? Initial searches suggested there was no equivalent. Then I stumbled upon Unique Local Addresses (RFC4193), and that states that all ULA's should be assigned the prefix fc00, followed by a 40-bit random number in the routing prefix. This random number is to "prevent collisions when two IPv6 networks are interconnected" -- again, another reference to an enterprise-level function. If I have a small local LAN at home, numbered using 192.168.4.0/24, what's my equivalent in IPv6's ULA scope? Assuming I will never, ever, tie that IPv6 address into the real internet (a router will NAT & firewall it), can I ignore the RFC to an extent and go with fc00::4:0/120? It also seems that any address in fc00::/7 are to be globally routable. Does this mean I'll need extra protections so my router would not automatically start advertising these private IPv6 addresses to the world? Second question, what's this link-local thing? Reading suggests a default-assigned address in the fe80::/10 range that has the last 64bits of the address comprised of the interface's MAC address. Seems to be required, too, but I'm annoyed by the constant discussion of it in relation to enterprise networks. Third question, what is scope id for? Seems to be yet another term tossed around in relation to enterprise networks, especially when interconnecting them, but almost no explanation on the smaller home network level. Can I see a scope ID AND CIDR notation used together? I.e., fc00::4:0/120%6, or are scope IDs only supposed to be applied to a single /128 IPv6 address?

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• HTTP Error: 413 Request Entity Too Large

  - by Torben Gundtofte-Bruun

  What I have: I have an iPhone app that sends HTTP POST requests (XML format) to a web service written in PHP. This is on a hosted virtual private server so I can edit httpd.conf and other files on the server, and restart Apache. The problem: The web service works perfectly as long as the request is not too large, but around 1MB is the limit. After that, the server responds with: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>413 Request Entity Too Large</title> </head><body> <h1>Request Entity Too Large</h1> The requested resource<br />/<br /> does not allow request data with POST requests, or the amount of data provided in the request exceeds the capacity limit. </body></html> The web service writes its own log file, and I can see that small messages are processed fine. Larger messages are not logged at all so I guess that something in Apache rejects them before they even reach the web service? Things I've tried without success: (I've restarted Apache after every change. These steps are incremental.) hosting provider's web-based configuration panel: disable mod_security httpd.conf: LimitXMLRequestBody 0 and LimitRequestBody 0 httpd.conf: LimitXMLRequestBody 100000000 and LimitRequestBody 100000000 httpd.conf: SecRequestBodyLimit 100000000 At this stage, Apache's error.log contains a message: ModSecurity: Request body no files data length is larger than the configured limit (1048576) It looks like my step #4 didn't really take, which is consistent with step #1 but does not explain why mod_security appears to be active after all. What more can I try, to get the web service to receive large messages?

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• localhost/127.0.0.1 not working, "Unable to connect"

  - by redconservatory

  I am running some pretty basic php sites on Snow Leopard. Usually I just go to my browser and type anything like: localhost http://localhost 127.0.0.1 mycomputername.local But suddenly, after installing a gem file (compass) none of this is working. I tried sudo apachectl restart Thinking that I just needed to restart apache, but no luck. My error log looks like: [Mon Mar 26 09:39:08 2012] [warn] child process 45443 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45223 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45043 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45438 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45049 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45439 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45224 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45440 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45441 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45442 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:10 2012] [warn] child process 45443 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM [Mon Mar 26 09:39:11 2012] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down I also tried sudo apachectl -k start And I got the error: Syntax error on line 182 of /private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf: Illegal option When I look at the code around that line, I see: <Directory /> Options Indexes MultiViews + FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow, deny Allow from all </Directory>

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• Connection refused in ssh tunnel to apache forward proxy setup

  - by arkascha

  I am trying to setup a private forward proxy in a small server. I mean to use it during a conference to tunnel my internet access through an ssh tunnel to the proxy server. So I created a virtual host inside apache-2.2 running the proxy, the proxy_http and the proxy_connect module. I use this configuration: <VirtualHost localhost:8080> ServerAdmin xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ServerName yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/proxy-error_log CustomLog /var/log/apache2/proxy-access_log combined <IfModule mod_proxy.c> ProxyRequests On <Proxy *> # deny access to all IP addresses except localhost Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.1 </Proxy> # The following is my preference. Your mileage may vary. ProxyVia Block ## allow SSL proxy AllowCONNECT 443 </IfModule> </VirtualHost> After restarting apache I create a tunnel from client to server: #> ssh -L8080:localhost:8080 <server address> and try to access the internet through that tunnel: #> links -http-proxy localhost:8080 http://www.linux.org I would expect to see the requested page. Instead a get a "connection refused" error. In the shell holding open the ssh tunnel I get this: channel 3: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused Anyone got an idea why this connection is refused ?

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• LDAP, Active Directory and bears, oh my!

  - by Tim Post

  What I have: Workstations running Ubuntu Jaunty mounting /home on a remote NFS server. User accounts are still created locally on each individual workstation. Workstations running Windows XP / Vista NFS server (as noted above) Windows 2008 server All machines share a single private network (LAN). What I need to accomplish: A single, intuitive (GUI driven) place for an office administrator to create user accounts. This should let anyone login to their (linux or windows) workstation, then fire up remote desktop and use the same login to the Windows 2008 server, from any machine on the network. I have read so much on samba, LDAP vs AD, etc and now I'm even more confused than I was before I began researching the problem. Ideally, Linux and Windows users should be able to get to their local files once logged into the Win2008 server. I am a programmer, not an interoperability guru and I'm completely lost on where to even start trying to accomplish this, plus I've run out of things to Google. How would you do this? Is it even possible?

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• How to configure IIS for SVG and web testing with Visual Studio?

  - by macias

  Let's say I have a simple web page with svg image in it: <img src="foobar.svg" alt="not working" /> If I make this page as static html page and view it directly svg is displayed. If I type the address of this svg -- it is displayed. But when I make this as .aspx page and launch it dynamically from Visual Studio I get alt text. If I type the address of this svg (from localhost, not as a local file) -- browser tries to download it instead of displaying. I already defined mime type in IIS (for entire server -- "image/svg+xml") and restarted IIS. Same effect as before. Question: what should I do more? Update WireShark won't work (it is in documentation), I tried also RawCap, but it cannot trace my connection (odd), luckily Fiddler worked: From client: GET http://127.0.0.1:1731/svg/document_edit.svg HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:1731 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:10.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/10.0.1 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: keep-alive Answer from server: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: ASP.NET Development Server/10.0.0.0 Date: Thu, 16 Feb 2012 11:14:38 GMT X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Length: 87924 Connection: Close <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) --> <svg xmlns: *** FIDDLER: RawDisplay truncated at 128 characters. Right-click to disable truncation. *** For the record, here is useful Q&A for Fiddler: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/826134/how-to-display-localhost-traffic-in-fiddler-while-debugging-an-asp-net-applicati

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• Nginx, HAproxy, Unicorn, Rails and Node settings

  - by Julien Genestoux

  Our application is currently only a "regular" web app, with no fancy things like streaming HTTP or websockets. It's mostly a Rails app, served by a few (20 on 2 machines) Unicorn workers, proxied by a venerable nginx server which deals with load balancing. This has been working quite well for the past year and the app now serves between 400 and 800 requests per second at any point during the day. We're soon releasing 2 new APIs, which are both served by a Node application : a websocket one, as well as a long polling HTTP one. (the fancy thing like the Twitter streaming API where HTTP connections never end). They both use the same port on node and since the node app is stateless, we can certainly deploy a few of them to handle the traffic. The app (node) is now deployed in 5 instances and are now listening on 5 different 'private' ports on the same host. We need to put something in front of them to load balance, but also something that is able to deal with sockets (either websocket or HTTP streaming) which are intended to stay 'up' for days. The question is then : what? I read somewhere that HAProxy does a better job than Nginx at this. What do you recommend?

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