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  • Grub won't boot windows after update from 11.10 to 12.04

    - by Holger
    thanks for your time and reading this, here's the deal: i upgraded from 11.10 to 12.04 and everything worked out until i rebooted, i had 11.10 sucessfully running as a dual boot with windows vista. when i rebooted, my GRUB was shot to hell, what ever option i selected it said partion not found or something similar... booting into a live version on a thumb drive and running bootrepair from there fixed the issue... but only for ubuntu, when i try to boot into windows it only goes back to GRUB. i'm not at home, and heres a list of what i have here with me... 1 4gb thumb drive, empty 1 8gb thumb drive, windows vista installer bootable 1 old laptop, the one i try to save, optical drive is not existent 2 Mbps internet connection can you help me get back into my windows without having to reinstall windows? or at least show me a way how to use my illustrator through a virtual machine or something? here's my grub cfg # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=de_DE insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "${linux_gfx_mode}" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, mit Linux 3.2.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic root=UUID=1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, mit Linux 3.2.0-24-generic (Wiederherstellungsmodus)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e echo 'Linux 3.2.0-24-generic wird geladen …' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic root=UUID=1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Initiale Ramdisk wird geladen …' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic } submenu "Previous Linux versions" { menuentry 'Ubuntu, mit Linux 3.0.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-19-generic root=UUID=1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, mit Linux 3.0.0-19-generic (Wiederherstellungsmodus)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e echo 'Linux 3.0.0-19-generic wird geladen …' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-19-generic root=UUID=1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Initiale Ramdisk wird geladen …' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-19-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1063e402-b14f-45e5-92b6-d20a2e3a717e linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows Vista (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2C9E66B39E6674EC chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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  • Corona sdk events dispatched with dispatchEvent() are handled directly upon call. Why so?

    - by Amoxus
    I noticed to my surprise that an event created with dispatchEvent(event) gets handled directly when called, and not together with other events at a specific phase of the frame loop. Two main reasons of having an event system are: so that you can call code B from code A, but still want to prioritize code A. to make sure there are no freaky loopedy loops where code A calls code B calls code A ... I wonder what Ansca's rationale behind having events being handled directly this way is. And does Corona handle loopedy loops and other such pitfalls gracefully? The following code demonstrates dispatchEvent(): T= {} Z = display.newRect(100,100,100,100) function T.doSomething() print("T.doSomething: begun") local event = { name="myEventType", target=T } Z:dispatchEvent( event ) print("T.doSomething: ended") end function Z.sayHello(event) print("Z.sayHello: begun and ended") end Z:addEventListener("myEventType", Z.sayHello) print("Main: begun") T.doSomething() print("Main: ended") However Ansca claims the contrary at http://developer.coronalabs.com/reference/index/objectdispatchevent Can anyone clear this up a little? ( Using Corona simulator V 2012.840 )

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  • Houston We have a Problem with Silverlight Client OM&hellip;

    - by MOSSLover
    So I was playing around with NavigationNodeCollection, which is basically like SPNavigationNodeCollection just to make sure it worked without a hitch…Here is a little sample snippet of what should work: Unfortunately, you get a nice little javascript error that does not allow you to access the child nodes.  I tried a foreach() loop that gets a NavigationNode for each parent then loops through the NavigationNode.Children that did not work either.  I threw in two ExecuteQueryAsync statements thinking that would help, unfortunately adding a second statement provides no different results.  This appears to be a bug in the Silverlight Client Object Model.  I reported the error.  Hopefully, we get a fix by RTM so that we can use the easier method to get items into Silverlight, otherwise it’s back to WCF and cross domain policies.  We all love cross domain policies right? Technorati Tags: Client Object Model,SharePoint 2010,Silverlight

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  • Visual Studio 2010 JavaScript Intellisense Behavior

    After I installed Visual Studio 2010 I was having a difficult time editing .js files in Visual Studio. I habitually type the "(" character as soon as the function I want to call is highlighted in the Intellisense window, but in 2010 this behavior was no longer auto-completing the function name. At first I thought this behavior was due to the new "suggestion mode" in Intellisense, but no amount of toggling with CTRL+ALT+SPACE would bring back the auto-complete behavior. It turns out the two...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • Callbacks: when to return value, and when to modify parameter?

    - by MarkN
    When writing a callback, when is best to have the callback return a value, and when is it best to have the callback modify a parameter? Is there a difference? For example, if we wanted to grab a list of dependencies, when would you do this: function GetDependencies(){ return [{"Dep1" : 1.1}, {"Dept2": 1.2}, {"Dep3" : 1.3}]; } And when would you do this? function RegisterDependencies(register){ register.add("Dep1", 1.1); register.add("Dep2", 1.2); register.add("Dep3", 1.3); }

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  • CSS3 - "connecting" 2 classes animation [closed]

    - by Nave Tseva
    I have this CSS +HTML code: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>What</title> <style type="text/css"> #page { width: 900px; padding: 0px; margin: 0 auto; direction: rtl; position: relative; } #box1 { position: relative; width: 500px; border: 1px solid black; box-shadow: -3px 8px 34px #808080; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: -8px 5px 5px #888888; right: 300px; top: 250px; height: 150px; -webkit-transition: all 1s; font-size: large; color: Black; padding: 10px; background: #D0D0D0; opacity: 0; } @-webkit-keyframes myFirst { 0% { right: 300px; top: 150px; background: #D0D0D0; opacity: 0; } 100% { background: #909090; ; right: 300px; top: 200px; opacity: 1; } } #littlebox1 { top: 200px; position: absolute; display: inline-block; } .littlebox1-sentence { font-size: large; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-top: 15px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 10px; background: #D0D0D0; border-radius: 10px; -webkit-transition: background .25s ease-in-out; } #littlebox1:hover ~ #box1 { -webkit-transition: all 0s; background: #909090;; right: 300px; top: 200px; -webkit-animation: myFirst 1s; -webkit-animation-fill-mode: initial; opacity: 1; } .littlebox1-sentence:hover { background: #909090; } .littlebox1-sentence:hover + .triangle { border-right: 50px solid #909090; } .triangle { position: relative; width: 0; height: 0; border-right: 50px solid #D0D0D0; border-top: 24px solid transparent; border-bottom: 24px solid transparent; right: 160px; -webkit-transition: border-right .25s ease-in-out; } .triangle:hover { border-right:50px solid #909090; } </style> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> $(function() { $('.littlebox1-sentence').hover(function() { $(this).css('background', '#909090'); $('.triangle').css('border-right', '50px solid #909090'); }); </script> <script> $(function() { $('.triangle').hover(function() { $(this).css('border-right', '50px solid #909090'); $('.littlebox1-sentence').css('background', '#909090'); }); </script> </head> <body dir="rtl"> <div id="page"> <div id="littlebox1" class="littlebox1-sentence">put your mouse here</div><div id="littlebox1" class="triangle"> </div> <div id="box1"> </div> </div> </body> </html> Live example you will find here: http://jsfiddle.net/FLe4g/12/ The problem here that something here wrong in the second jquery code. I want that every time that I put the mouse on the box, or on the triangke they both will change ther color together. when I put the mouse on the box it works fine, but when I put the mouse on the triangle it don't work. Any suggestions how to fix this code?

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  • How can I neatly embed Flash in a page in a way that is cross-browser compatible?

    - by Mark Hatton
    When I receive Flash objects from my designer, it comes with an example HTML page which includes both <object> tags and <embed> tags as well as a whole heap of JavaScript. If I copy and paste this code in to my webpage, it works, but the code looks a mess (and there is so much of it!). If I remove the extra code and try either just <embed> or <object> on their own, it works in some browsers, but not others. Is there a neat, minimal method that works in all the major browsers?

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  • Is the escaping provided by the Google-Gson library enough to ensure a safe JSON payload?

    - by Lifetime_Learner
    I am currently using the Google-Gson library to convert Java objects into JSON inside a web service. Once the object has been converted to JSON, it is returned to the client to be converted into a JSON object using the JavaScript eval() function. Is the character escaping provided by the Gson library enough to ensure that nothing nasty will happen when I run the eval() function on the JSON payload? Do I need to HTML Encode the Strings in the Java Objects before passing them to the Gson library? Are there any other security concerns that I should be aware of?

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  • Manual memory allocation and purity

    - by Eonil
    Language like Haskell have concept of purity. In pure function, I can't mutate any state globally. Anyway Haskell fully abstracts memory management, so memory allocation is not a problem here. But if languages can handle memory directly like C++, it's very ambiguous to me. In these languages, memory allocation makes visible mutation. But if I treat making new object as impure action, actually, almost nothing can be pure. So purity concept becomes almost useless. How should I handle purity in languages have memory as visible global object?

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  • Best approach to get clicked objects from a display list (2D)

    - by Ixx
    I'm implementing a display list to manage my visuals on screen. I want to know which object is clicked. My objects already have z-order variable. With my current knowledge (almost nothing) the only thing which comes to my mind is make a linear search and get all the objects which contains the clicked point. And then select the object with the highest z-order. But I know there are far better approaches. I think it's something with trees (binary search?). - container display objects and search recursively? just don't know where to start looking, for this concrete case. Any hint link or concrete solution is welcome.

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  • Is there a name for this use of the State design pattern?

    - by Chris C
    I'm looking to see if there is a particular name for this style of programming a certain kind of behavior into a program. Said program runs in real time, in an update loop, and the program uses the State design pattern to do some work, but it's the specific way it does the work that I want to know about. Here's how it's used. - Object Foo constructed, with concrete StateA object in it - First loop runs --- Foo.Run function calls StateA.Bar --- in StateA.Bar replace Foo's state to StateB - Second loop runs --- Foo.Run calls StateB.Bar - Third loop runs --- Foo.Run calls StateB.Bar - Fourth loop --- etc. So in short, Foo doesn't have an explicit Initialize function. It will just have Run, but Run will do something unique in the first frame to initialize something for Foo and then replace it with a different action that will repeat in all the frames following it- thus not needing to check if Foo's already initialized. It's just a "press start and go" action. What would you call implementing this type of behavior?

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  • Using static methods in objects PHP - is it advantage?

    - by RePRO
    I was reading some articles and discussions on the use of static methods on objects and it struck me how much the views differ. Someone say that using static methods is an advantage. Someone says that use is a big mistake. I wonder how is it? My question is when to use static methods and when not? I would like to hear answers from experts in this field (PHP OOP). This is because I know how it really is. The following code should be analogous. Just call the static method is simpler (my opinion): <?php class A { public function write($a) { echo $a; } } class B { public static function write($a) { echo $a; } } $a = new A; $a->write(5); // 5 B::write(5); // 5 ?> Thank you.

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  • How to enable hibernate on Ubuntu 13.10?

    - by mjwittering
    Something I usually do after installing Ubuntu is reactivate the hibernation function. I find it quite useful to function for the more energy concious. Typically, I'd complete the instructions in this tutorial for Ubuntu 12.04 and I'd be back in business. However, it does seem to work any more. Any suggestions? http://www.howtogeek.com/113923/how-to-re-enable-hibernate-in-ubuntu-12.04/ sudo gedit /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla [Enable Hibernate] Identity=unix-user:* Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate ResultActive=yes

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  • Adding a small slide when player releases left/right key

    - by Dave
    the aim is for the player object to slow down and stop instead of just stopping dead. The following codes works ok when the player is not jumping, but gets stuck in an object if the player is in the air when they do it. Left Key released event: if hsp = 0 exit; hspeed = -3; friction = 0.20; if obj_Player.hspeed = 0 { hspeed = 0; } Right key released event: if hsp = 0 exit; hspeed = +3; friction = 0.20; if obj_Player.hspeed = 0 { hspeed = 0; } and here's the horizontal collision code for interest: if (place_meeting(x+hsp,y,obj_bound)) { while(!place_meeting(x+sign(hsp),y,obj_bound)) { x += sign(hsp); } hsp = 0; } x += hsp; Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks.

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  • If you should only have one assertion per test; how to test multiple inputs?

    - by speg
    I'm trying to build up some test cases, and have read that you should try and limit the number of assertions per test case. So my question is, what is the best way to go about testing a function w/ multiple inputs. For example, I have a function that parses a string from the user and returns the number of minutes. The string can be in the form "5w6h2d1m", where w, h, d, m correspond to the number of weeks, hours, days, and minutes. If I wanted to follow the '1 assertion per test rule' I'd have to make multiple tests for each variation of input? That seems silly so instead I just have something like: self.assertEqual(parse_date('5m'), 5) self.assertEqual(parse_date('5h'), 300) self.assertEqual(parse_date('5d') ,7200) self.assertEqual(parse_date('1d4h20m'), 1700) In the one test case. Is there a better way?

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  • Is it appropriate to try to control the order of finalization?

    - by Strilanc
    I'm writing a class which is roughly analogous to a CancellationToken, except it has a third state for "never going to be cancelled". At the moment I'm trying to decide what to do if the 'source' of the token is garbage collected without ever being set. It seems that, intuitively, the source should transition the associated token to the 'never cancelled' state when it is about to be collected. However, this could trigger callbacks who were only kept alive by their linkage from the token. That means what those callbacks reference might now in the process of finalization. Calling them would be bad. In order to "fix" this, I wrote this class: public sealed class GCRoot { private static readonly GCRoot MainRoot = new GCRoot(); private GCRoot _next; private GCRoot _prev; private object _value; private GCRoot() { this._next = this._prev = this; } private GCRoot(GCRoot prev, object value) { this._value = value; this._prev = prev; this._next = prev._next; _prev._next = this; _next._prev = this; } public static GCRoot Root(object value) { return new GCRoot(MainRoot, value); } public void Unroot() { lock (MainRoot) { _next._prev = _prev; _prev._next = _next; this._next = this._prev = this; } } } intending to use it like this: Source() { ... _root = GCRoot.Root(callbacks); } void TransitionToNeverCancelled() { _root.Unlink(); ... } ~Source() { TransitionToNeverCancelled(); } but now I'm troubled. This seems to open the possibility for memory leaks, without actually fixing all cases of sources in limbo. Like, if a source is closed over in one of its own callbacks, then it is rooted by the callback root and so can never be collected. Presumably I should just let my sources be collected without a peep. Or maybe not? Is it ever appropriate to try to control the order of finalization, or is it a giant warning sign?

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  • Should I use the factory design pattern for every class?

    - by Frog
    I've been writing a website in PHP. As the code becomes more complex, I keep finding problems that can be solved using the factory design pattern. For example: I've a got a class Page which has subclasses HTMLPage, XMLPage, etc. Depending on some input I need to return an object of either one of these classes. I use the factory design pattern to do this. But as I encounter this problem in more classes, I keep having to change code which still initiates an object using its constructor. So now I'm wondering: is it a good idea to change all code so that it uses the factory design pattern? Or are there big drawbacks? I'm currently in a position to change this, so your answers would be really helpful.

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  • LINQ/LAMBDA filter query by date [on hold]

    - by inquisitive_one
    I'm trying to use LINQ to SQL to retrieve earnings data for a particular date range. Currently the table is set up as follows: Comp Eps Year Quarter IBM .5 2012 2 IBM .65 2012 3 IBM .60 2012 4 IBM .5 2011 2 IBM .7 2013 1 IBM .8 2013 2 Except for Eps, all fields have a data type of string or char. Eps has a data type of double. Here's my code: var myData = myTable .Where(t => t.Comp.Equals("IBM") && Convert.Int32(string.Format("{0}{1}", t.Year, t.Quarter)) <= 20131); I get the following error when I tried that code: Method 'System.String Format(System.String, System.Object, System.Object)' has no supported translation to SQL How can I select all Eps that has a year & quarter less than "20132" using a lambda expression?

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  • Are these non-standard applications of rendering practical in games?

    - by maul
    I've recently got into 3D and I came up with a few different "tricky" rendering techniques. Unfortunately I don't have the time to work on this myself, but I'd like to know if these are known methods and if they can be used in practice. Hybrid rendering Now I know that ray-tracing is still not fast enough for real-time rendering, at least on home computers. I also know that hybrid rendering (a combination of rasterization and ray-tracing) is a well known theory. However I had the following idea: one could separate a scene into "important" and "not important" objects. First you render the "not important" objects using traditional rasterization. In this pass you also render the "important" objects using a special shader that simply marks these parts on the image using a special color, or some stencil/depth buffer trickery. Then in the second pass you read back the results of the first pass and start ray tracing, but only from the pixels that were marked by the "important" object's shader. This would allow you to only ray-trace exactly what you need to. Could this be fast enough for real-time effects? Rendered physics I'm specifically talking about bullet physics - intersection of a very small object (point/bullet) that travels across a straight line with other, relatively slow-moving, fairly constant objects. More specifically: hit detection. My idea is that you could render the scene from the point of view of the gun (or the bullet). Every object in the scene would draw a different color. You only need to render a 1x1 pixel window - the center of the screen (again, from the gun's point of view). Then you simply check that central pixel and the color tells you what you hit. This is pixel-perfect hit detection based on the graphical representation of objects, which is not common in games. Afaik traditional OpenGL "picking" is a similar method. This could be extended in a few ways: For larger (non-bullet) objects you render a larger portion of the screen. If you put a special-colored plane in the middle of the scene (exactly where the bullet will be after the current frame) you get a method that works as the traditional slow-moving iterative physics test as well. You could simulate objects that the bullet can pass through (with decreased velocity) using alpha blending or some similar trick. So are these techniques in use anywhere, and/or are they practical at all?

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  • Android Loading Screen: How do I go about using a stack to load elements, and the option of incrementing the size counter?

    - by tom_mai78101
    I have some problems with figuring out what value I should put in the function: int value_needed_to_figure_out = X; ProgressBar.incrementProgressBy(value_needed_to_figure_out); I've been researching about loading screens and how to use them. Some examples I've seen have implemented Thread.sleep() in a Handler.post(new Runnable()) function. To me, I got most of that concept of using the Handler to update the ProgressBar, while pretending to do some heavy crunching work. So, I kept looking. I have read this thread here: How do I load chunks of data from an assest manager during a loading screen? It said that I can try using a stack it needs to load, and adding a size counter as I add elements to the stack. What does it mean? This is the part where I'm totally stumped. If anyone would provide some hints, I'll gladly appreciate it. Thanks in advance.

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  • The sign of a true manager is delegation (C# style)

    - by MarkPearl
    Today I thought I would write a bit about delegates in C#. Up till recently I have managed to side step any real understanding of what delegates do and why they are useful – I mean, I know roughly what they do and have used them a lot, but I have never really got down dirty with them and mucked about. Recently however with my renewed interest in Silverlight delegates came up again as a possible solution to a particular problem, and suddenly I found myself opening a bland little console application to just see exactly how far I could take delegates with my limited knowledge. So, let’s first look at the MSDN definition of delegates… A delegate declaration defines a reference type that can be used to encapsulate a method with a specific signature. A delegate instance encapsulates a static or an instance method. Delegates are roughly similar to function pointers in C++; however, delegates are type-safe and secure. Well, don’t you love MSDN for such a useful definition. I must give it credit though… later on it really explains it a bit better by saying “A delegate lets you pass a function as a parameter. The type safety of delegates requires the function you pass as a delegate to have the same signature as the delegate declaration.” A little more reading up on delegates mentions that delegates are similar to interfaces in that they enable the separation of specification and implementation. A delegate declares a single method, while an interface declares a group of methods. So enough reading - lets look at some code and see a basic example of a delegate… Let’s assume we have a console application with a simple delegate declared called AdjustValue like below… class Program { private delegate int AdjustValue(int val); static void Main(string[] args) { } } In a sense, all we have said is that we will be creating one or more methods that follow the same pattern as AdjustValue – i.e. they will take one input value of type int and return an integer. We could then expand our code to have various methods that match the structure of our delegate AdjustValue (remember the structure is int xxx (int xxx)) class Program { private delegate int AdjustValue(int val); private static int Dbl(int val) { return val * 2; } private static int AlwaysOne(int val) { return 1; } static void Main(string[] args) { } }  Above I have expanded my project to have two methods, one called Dbl and the other AlwaysOne. Dbl always returns double the input val and AlwaysOne always returns 1. I could now declare a variable and assign it to be one of those functions, like the following… class Program { private delegate int AdjustValue(int val); private static int Dbl(int val) { return val * 2; } private static int AlwaysOne(int val) { return 1; } static void Main(string[] args) { AdjustValue myDelegate; myDelegate = Dbl; Console.WriteLine(myDelegate(1).ToString()); Console.ReadLine(); } } In this instance I have declared an instance of the AdjustValue delegate called myDelegate; I have then told myDelegate to point to the method Dbl, and then called myDelegate(1). What would the result be? Yes, in this instance it would be exactly the same as me calling the following code… static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine(Dbl(1).ToString()); Console.ReadLine(); }   So why all the extra work for delegates when we could just do what we did above and call the method directly? Well… that separation of specification to implementation comes to mind. So, this all seems pretty simple. Let’s take a slightly more complicated variation to the console application. Assume that my project is the same as the one previously except that my main method is adjusted as follows… static void Main(string[] args) { AdjustValue myDelegate; myDelegate = Dbl; myDelegate = AlwaysOne; Console.WriteLine(myDelegate(1).ToString()); Console.ReadLine(); } What would happen in this scenario? Quite simply “1” would be written to the console, the reason being that myDelegate was last pointing to the AlwaysOne method before it was called. Make sense? In a way, the myDelegate is a variable method that can be swapped and changed when needed. Let’s make the code a little more confusing by using a delegate in the declaration of another delegate as shown below… class Program { private delegate int AdjustValue(InputValue val); private delegate int InputValue(); private static int Dbl(InputValue val) { return val()*2; } private static int GetInputVal() { Console.WriteLine("Enter a whole number : "); return Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); } static void Main(string[] args) { AdjustValue myDelegate; myDelegate = Dbl; Console.WriteLine(myDelegate(GetInputVal).ToString()); Console.ReadLine(); } }   Now it gets really interesting because it looks like we have passed a method into a function in the main method by declaring… Console.WriteLine(myDelegate(GetInputVal).ToString()); So, what it the output? Well, try take a guess on what will happen – then copy the code and see if you got it right. Well that brings me to the end of this short explanation of Delegates. Hopefully it made sense!

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  • Changing Your Design for Testability

    Sometimes I come across a way of putting something that it is pithy good, not Hallmark trite, but an impactful and concise way of clarifying a previously obscure concept. A recent one of these happy occurrences was when I was reading the excellent Art of Unit Testing by Roy Osherove. After going through the basics of why youd want to test code and how to do it, Roy confronts a frequent objection to having unit tests, that it ends up changing how you design your components: When we write unit tests for our code, we are adding another end user (the test) to the object model. That end user is just as important as the original one, but it has different goals when using the model.  The test has specific requirements from the object model that seem to defy the basic logic behind a couple of object-oriented principles, mainly encapsulation. [emphasis added by me] When I read this, something clicked for me. I used to find it persuasive that because unit tests caused you to change your design they were more disruptive than they were worth. The counter argument I heard is that the disruption was OK, because testable design was just obviously better. That argument was not convincing as it seemed like delusional arrogance to suggest that any one of type of design was just inherently better for the particular applications I was building. What was missing was that I was not thinking of unit tests as an additional and equal end user to my design. If I accepted that proposition, than it was indeed obvious that a testable design was better because now all users of my component would be satisfied. Have I accepted that proposition? Id phrase it slightly different. I find more and more that having unit tests helps me write better, less buggy code before it gets to production or QA. As I write more unit tests, it gets easier to see how to create testable components, so I dont feel like its taking me as much extra time up front. I pick and choose components that seem most likely to benefit from automated tests and it is working out nicely. If you already implement Test Driven Development, this whole post was probably a waste of your time <g> If you hate the idea of unit tests, well, probably not a great value prop for you either. However, if you are somewhere in between, at least take a minute and check out a sample chapter from Roys book at: http://www.manning.com/osherove/.Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • vlc 1.1.9 not working properly

    - by jaggib
    I have installed vlc 1.1.9 on wubi installed Ubuntu 11.04 using Ubuntu Software Center. Now when i tried playing videos in vlc (any format) full screen mode doesnt show controls and usually doesnt gets me out to window mode. it sometimes crashes to login screen. I tried the video output to 'X11 output mode' and 'XVideo output (XCB)' but the above problem persists and also bring another problem. full screen mode doesnt responds always when it does, it shows the video over the desktop instead of inside the player. the only way to get ubuntu to function normally is to restart the system. I tried with not using the 'Embed video in interface' but still the same problem. vlc runs perfectly well in windows. How can i make vlc function properly on my system or i need to install another player? My system config is: Graphics: VIA/S3G UniChrome Pro IGP Processor: AMD Sempron(tm) Processor 2800+ RAM: 1.5GB Motherboard Name: MS-7181 (MSI)

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  • Keep coding the wrong way to remain consistent? [closed]

    - by bwalk2895
    Possible Duplicate: Code maintenance: keeping a bad pattern when extending new code for being consistent, or not? To keep things simple let's say I am responsible for maintaining two applications, AwesomeApp and BadApp (I am responsible for more and no that is not their actual names). AwesomeApp is a greenfield project I have been working on with other members on my team. It was coded using all the fancy buzzwords, Multilayer, SOA, SOLID, TDD, and so on. It represents the direction we want to go as a team. BadApp is a application that has been around for a long time. The architecture suffers from many sins, namely everything is tightly coupled together and it is not uncommon to get a circular dependency error from the compiler, it is almost impossible to unit test, large classes, duplicate code, and so on. We have a plan to rewrite the application following the standards established by AwesomeApp, but that won't happen for a while. I have to go into BadApp and fix a bug, but after spending months coding what I consider correctly, I really don't want do continue perpetuate bad coding practices. However, the way AwesomeApp is coded is vastly different from the way BadApp is coded. I fear implementing the "correct" way would cause confusion for other developers who have to maintain the application. Question: Is it better to keep coding the wrong way to remain consistent with the rest of the code in the application (knowing it will be replaced) or is it better to code the right way with an understanding it could cause confusion because it is so much different? To give you an example. There is a large class (1000+ lines) with several functions. One of the functions is to calculate a date based on an enumerated value. Currently the function handles all the various calculations. The function relies on no other functionality within the class. It is self contained. I want to break the function into smaller functions (at the very least) and put them into their own classes and hide those classes behind an interface (at the most) and use the factory pattern to instantiate the date classes. If I just broke it out into smaller functions within the class it would follow the existing coding standard. The extra steps are to start following some of the SOLID principles.

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  • XNA Monogame GameState Management not deserilaizing

    - by Pectus Excavatum
    I am having some trouble serializing/deserializing in a little game I am doing to teach myself monogame. Basically, I am using the gamestatemnanagement resources common to monogame (screen manager etc). Then I am serializing my screen manager component and all associated screens in the OnDeactivated method: protected override void OnDeactivated(Object sender, EventArgs args) { foreach (GameplayScreen screen in mScreenManager.GetScreens()) { DataManager.SaveData(screen.Level.LevelData); } mScreenManager.SerializeState(); } The Save data bit is to do with something else. Then I then override OnActivated to de serialize protected override void OnActivated(Object sender, EventArgs args) { //System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("here activating"); mScreenManager.DeserializeState(); } However, when this runs it just loads a blank screen - it goes into the game initialize and the game draw method, but doesnt go down into the screens initialize or draw methods. I have no idea why this might be - any help would be greatly appreciated. I am not the only one who has encountered this - I found this post also - https://monogame.codeplex.com/discussions/391117

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