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• How to get the pid of a running process using a single command that parse the output of ps?

  - by Sorin Sbarnea

  I am looking for a single line that does return the pid of a running process. Currently I have: ps -A -o pid,cmd|grep xxx|head -n 1 And this returns the fist pid, command. I need only the first number from the output and ignore the rest. I suppose sed or awk would help here but my experience with them is limited. Also, this has another problem, it will return the pid of grep if the xxx is not running. It's really important to have a single line, as I want to reuse the output for doing something else, like killing that process.

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• how to manage credentials/access to multiple ssh servers

  - by geoaxis

  I would like to make a script which can maintain multiple servers via SSH. I want to control the authentication/authorization in such a manner that authentication is done by gateway and any other access is routed through this ssh server to internal services without any further authentication/authorization requirements. So if a user A can log into server_1 for example. He can then ssh to server_2 without any other authentication and do what ever he is allowed to do on server_2 (like shut down mysql, upgrade it and restart it. This could be done via some remote shell script). The problem that I am trying to solve is to come up with a deployment script for a JavaEE system which involves databases and tomcat instances. They need to be shutdown and re-spawned. The requirement is to have a deployment script which has minimal human interaction as possible for both developers and operation.

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• Is it possible to code on two different computers simultaneously?

  - by Muhammad

  I want to work with another programmer and I want the source code to be live in real-time on both of our screens. Is this possible on the Mac OS x or Linux? We're going to be using OS X but occasionally we might need to add an Ubuntu computer too. Is there a way I can do this using ssh, any shell based program, or even a good GUI? I thought Coda might be capable of this but it's not really working. Anyone ever do this? I'm not look for a git/svn/or any other version control system. This is more of a live coding session. :)

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• SAFE MODE Restriction in effect. The script not allowed to access directory owned by uid

  - by user57221

  I am running a dedicated server with multiple websites. I have created a global directory for common scripts for all websites, rather than repeating them in every website directory. How can I make this global directory accessible for all website. I am getting following error. Warning: require_once() [function.require-once]: SAFE MODE Restriction in effect. The script whose uid is XXXX is not allowed to access /vhosts/globallibrary/Zend/Application.php owned by uid XXXX I have change the ownership of global directory for X website. so it works fine for X website. latter I added another website Y Now I am getting the same error again. If I change the CHOWN for Y website then X website will have the same error. I don't want to disable the safemode restriction. Is there a work around, so that this global dir will be accessible by all website. I am getting following error in my browser when I try to access global directory. Global directory is on same level as all other websites. Is this a good practice to enable safemode for websites?

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• Add entire 300 GB filesystem to Git Annex repository?

  - by Ryan Lester

  By default, I get an error that I have too many open files from the process. If I lift the limit manually, I get an error that I'm out of memory. For whatever reason, it seems that Git Annex in its current state is not optimised for this sort of task (adding thousands of files to a repository at once). As a possible solution, my next thought was to do something like: cd / find . -type d | git annex add --$NONRECURSIVELY find . -type f | git annex add # Need to add parent directories of each file first or adding files fails The problem with this solution is that there doesn't seem from the documentation to be a way to non-recursively add a directory in Git Annex. Is there something I'm missing or a workaround for this? If my proposed solution is a dead end, are there other ways that people have solved this problem?

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• Preserve embedded album art when converting from .flac to .ogg

  - by Profpatsch

  I want to convert my archived .flac library to .ogg for daily use. Using find ./ -iname '*.flac' -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 oggenc -q6 on the root music folder and then deleting every .flac (having copies of them in archive) seems straight forward, after trying it with one file it worked and all of the tags were transfered, too, except for one: Embedded album art! I always prefer emedded covers over folder images, since I have some albums with varying covers. One possible solution is discussed here, but the script only works if the image is already extracted: Embed album art in OGG through command line in linux One possible solution I thought about was extracting album art from every song (not every song has one, though, and some even 2 or 3!), temporarily saving it and then using the script to include it into the finished .ogg. But then I want to increase the number of processes xargs runs simultaniously to save time, so the temp images need to have a distinct name. Is there a (linux) program that knows how to handle this? Or is there a finished script floating around somewhere? It would be nice if oggenc supported adding embedded coverart and it really is a shame, since these two formats should (in theory) share the same tag format. Edit: 15 days and noone even tries to answer. It’s funny, most of my questions don’t get answered. Too hard? Wrong SE site?

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• Running a command line app with sudo and password automatically on OS X startup

  - by Designer023

  I need to run an app at startup/login on my mac. I want it to launch in the background and start doing it's work without interrupting me or me having to start it up because I invariably forget and then when I need it, it wasn't running! I have tried using AppleScript to tell Terminal to run it and type my password in, but it ends up opening multiple Terminal windows and not working. Ideally I need a script that I can just add to the user login items and it will run for me. The app has no way of taking a password argument either and it has a password as well as the sudo! I need a solution that can either be done as an applescript (which can be made into an executable) or i need a commandline script but I have no idea about them. This is the manual code I type $ sudo serverStatus password:123456 password:serverpass My AppleScript: tell application Terminal activate do shell script "sudo serverStatus" delay 5 do shell script "123456" delay 2 do shell script "serverpass" end tell

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• How do I read multiple lines from STDIN into a variable?

  - by The Wicked Flea

  I've been googling this question to no avail. I'm automating a build process here at work, and all I'm trying to do is get version numbers and a tiny description of the build which may be multi-line. The system this runs on is OSX 10.6.8. I've seen everything from using CAT to processing each line as necessary. I can't figure out what I should use and why. Attempts read -d '' versionNotes Results in garbled input if the user has to use the backspace key. Also there's no good way to terminate the input as ^D doesn't terminate and ^C just exits the process. read -d 'END' versionNotes Works... but still garbles the input if the backspace key is needed. while read versionNotes do echo " $versionNotes" >> "source/application.yml" done Doesn't properly end the input (because I'm too late to look up matching against an empty string).

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• Use msysgit/"Git for Windows" to navigate Windows shortcuts?

  - by Darthfett

  I use msysgit on Windows to use git, but I often want to navigate through a Windows-style *.lnk shortcut. I typically manage my file structure through Windows' explorer, so using a different type of shortcut (such as creating hard or soft link in git) isn't feasible. How would I navigate through this type of shortcut? For example: PCUser@PCName ~ $ cd Desktop PCUser@PCName ~/Desktop $ ls Scripts.lnk PCUser@PCName ~/Desktop $ cd Scripts.lnk sh.exe": cd: Scripts.lnk: Not a directory Is it possible to change this behavior, so that instead of getting an error, it just goes to the location of the directory? Alternatively, is there a command to get the path in a *.lnk file?

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• Can't access Terminal anymore, only shows a cursor

  - by user138304

  I run OS X. Following these directions (Installing MySQL on Mac OS X) I added a file to /usr and the contents were PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH Actually I was trying to get the mysql command to work now I cannot access terminal. All I get is a cursor but no command line. I also cannot find the file I created in the Finder. I used command shift G to find the folder /usr and the file is not there. Edit: I Solved the problem by restarting my computer. I am really not sure what the problem was. I got the idea because Could not open a new pseudo-tty. appeared in my terminal after following slhck directions to remove my .profile file. I then searched google and found this; http://blogs.oreilly.com/digitalmedia/2008/03/fixing-terminal-tty-errors.html. Thanks

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• Is there a unix command to output time elapsed during a command?

  - by Olivier Lacan

  I love using time to find out how long a command took to execute but when dealing with commands that execute sub-commands internally (and provide output that allows you to tell when each of those sub-commands start running) it would be really great to be able to tell after what number of seconds (or milliseconds) a specific sub-command started running. When I say sub-command, really the only way to distinguish these from the outside is anything printed to standard out. Really this seems like it should be an option to time.

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• Avoiding users to corrupt and use a script

  - by EverythingRightPlace

  Is it possible to deny the right to copy files? I have a script which should be executable by others. They are also allowed to read the file (though it would not be a problem to forbid reading). But I don't want the script to be changed and executed. It's not a problem to set those permissions, but one could easily copy, change and run the script. Can this even be avoided? /edit The OS is Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation release 6.2 (Santiago).

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• How to remove a tagged block of text in a file?

  - by EmpireJones

  How can I remove all instances of tagged blocks of text in a file with sed, grep, or another program? If I have a file which contains: random text // START TEXT internal text // END TEXT more random // START TEXT asdf // END TEXT text how can I remove all blocks of text within the start/end lines, produce the following? random text more random text

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• looping .mpeg dump

  - by Matt Cook

  Need to dump an MPEG2 file in a loop, either to stdout or a named pipe. This works: $ { while : ; do cat myLoop.mpg; done; } | vlc - This works on a text file containing "1234\n": $ mkfifo myPipe $ cat test.txt > myPipe & < myPipe tee -a myPipe | cat - (it correctly loops, outputting "1234" on every line). Why does the following NOT work? $ cat myLoop.mpg > myPipe & < myPipe tee -a myPipe | vlc myPipe I'm primarily interested in re-writing the first statement to remove the improper "cat myLoop.mpg" statement. Will be inputting into VLC, or into FFMPEG and then piped into VLC.

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• Problems when loop over a series of ssh-ed commands

  - by Jack Medley

  I have a series of server machines which I want to run the same command on. Each command takes hours and (even though I am running the commands using nohup and setting them to run in the background) I have to wait for each to finish before the next starts. Here is roughly how I have set it up: On the host machines: for i in {1..9}; do ssh RemoteMachine${i} ./RunJobs.sh; done Where RunJobs.sh on each remote machine is: source ~/.bash_profile cd AriadneMatching for file in FileDirectory/Input_*; do nohup ./Executable ${file} & done exit Does anyone know of a way such that I dont have to wait for each job to finish before the next starts? Or alternatively a better way of doing this, I have a feeling what I am do is fairly sub-optimal. Cheers, Jack

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• Is there a shortcut to mkdir foo and immediately cd into it?

  - by macek

  This is something I do frequently $ mkdir foo $ cd foo This works as a single command, but it's more keystrokes and saves no time. $ mkdir foo && cd foo Is there a shortcut for this?

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• Linux file copy with ETA?

  - by bobby

  I'm copying a large amount of files between disks. There's approximately 16 GB of data. I'd like to see progress information, and even an estimated time of completion from the command line. Any advice?

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• Do background processes get a SIGHUP when logging off?

  - by Massimo

  This is a followup to this question. I've run some more tests; looks like it really doesn't matter if this is done at the physical console or via SSH, neither does this happen only with SCP; I also tested it with cat /dev/zero > /dev/null. The behaviour is exactly the same: Start a process in the background using & (or put it in background after it's started using CTRL-Z and bg); this is done without using nohup. Log off. Log on again. The process is still there, running happily, and is now a direct child of init. I can confirm both SCP and CAT quits immediately if sent a SIGHUP; I tested this using kill -HUP. So, it really looks like SIGHUP is not sent upon logoff, at least to background processes (can't test with a foreground one for obvious reasons). This happened to me initially with the service console of VMware ESX 3.5 (which is based on RedHat), but I was able to replicate it exactly on CentOS 5.4. The question is, again: shouldn't a SIGHUP be sent to processes, even if they're running in background, upon logging off? Why is this not happening? Edit I checked with strace, as per Kyle's answer. As I was expecting, the process doesn't get any signal when logging off from the shell where it was launched. This happens both when using the server's console and via SSH.

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• stdout and stderr of script doesn't get redirected when executed by cron

  - by gletscher

  Hi, when I execute ./script &>> log.txt I get a nice logfile, but if I have the same command executed by cron, lets say the crontab looks like this: * * * * * '/home/user/script &>> /home/user/log.txt' the log.txt will just be empty, I tried " and ' and ` and no ticks to enclose the command, any idea why the streams won't get written into the file?

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• cut text from each line in a txt file

  - by bboyreason

  i have a text file where each line looks like this: <img border=0 width=555 height=555 src=http://websitelinkimagelinkhere> each line is like that for like 1500 lines, i want to sort of 'grep' (i dont think that will work because it returns the whole line) each line for 'http://websiteimagelinkhere' output file should have newlines or tabs after each image link, like the original file. or if someone only knows a way to do this with each element being in a cell of the same column that would be okay too.

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• UDISKS instead of HAL

  - by MeJ

  Does anybody have some expirence with udisks, because HAL won't be longer supported on the most linux distribution, so I am thinking of to use udisks for UDI in $(hal-find-by-property --key storage.bus --string usb) do HAL_TMP=`hal-get-property --udi $UDI --key storage.removable.media_available` if [ "$HAL_TMP" = "true" ]; then HAL_DEV=$(hal-get-property --udi $UDI --key block.device) HAL_SIZE=$(hal-get-property --udi $UDI --key storage.removable.media_size) HAL_TYPE=$(hal-get-property --udi $UDI --key storage.drive_type) How do I have to adapt the above mentioned commands but use udisks instead of hal Thanks!

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• When I type in a nonexistent command my machine hangs up?

  - by Nick Brooks

  When I type in a nonexistent command it says "Command not found." and then waits for about 5 seconds before showing the prompt again. How do I fix that?

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• trouble using a scheduled task to run a shell script (ubuntu linux)

  - by John Kube

  I'm trying to create a scheduled task that runs a shell script recurrently, and I'm having some trouble getting it to work. I give it the following command to run every minute: ~/Desktop/foo/my_script But it doesn't ever run. (This command runs the shell script through the terminal no problem.) Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? Thanks!

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• Diff and ignore lines missing in one file

  - by Millianz

  I want to diff two files and ignore lines that are present in one file but missing in the other. For example File1: foo bar baz bat File2: foo ball bat I'm currently running the following diff command diff File1 File2 --changed-group-format='%>' --unchanged-group-format='' Which in this case would produce bar baz as the output, i.e. only missing or conflicting lines. I would like to only print conflicting lines, i.e. ignore cases where one line is missing from File2 and is present in File1 (not the other way around). Is there any way to do something like this using diff or do I have to resort to other tools? If so, what would you recommend?

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• `adduser [options] user group` fails ubuntu 11.04

  - by Rob

  I'm want to use adduser However it doesn't seem to work if I provide the second argument for the user's group root@a:~# adduser rick staff adduser: The user `rick' does not exist. The group exists root@a:~# addgroup staff addgroup: The group `staff' already exists. The man page says this should work... adduser [options] user group Any ideas? I can do: adduser --ingroup staff rick So no massive issue, just seems strange.

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