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• how to google a symbol keyword like "$?"

  - by ZhengZhiren

  i saw a trick in a book: in a linux shell, we can use &? to get the return value of a command. For example,we run a command,if it exit normally, the return value is 0. And then we type $?,we will get 0 in the screen. i want to google this kind of usage, so i have to type these two symbol $? in the search blank.But the search engine just return nothing to me... i have looked at the google help page, but still can't find a solution. so my question is: how can i search with this kind of keyword. or if you can give me some advise of the usage of $? or sort of thing, that will be also appreciated.

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• Need complete picture of virtual adress space

  - by claws

  Hello, This image gives a good picture about Virtual Adress space. But it only says half of the story. It only gives complete picture of User Adress space ie.. lower 50% (or 75% in some cases). What about the rest 50% (or 25%) which is occupied by the kernel. I know kernel also has so many different things like kernel modules , device drivers, core kernel itself. There must be some kind of layout right? What is its layout? If you say its Operating System dependent. I would say, there are two major operating systems Windows & Linux. Please give answer for any one these.

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• PHP find if file data is an image

  - by Christian Sciberras

  Imagine I have some file data in a variable $data. I need to determine whether it is an image or not. No need for details such as corrupt images etc. Firs thought would be getting the file mime type by looking at the magic number and then see whether "image" is in the mime type. No such luck, even if I have a "file extension to mime type" script, I don't have a reliable way to get mime from magic number. My next option was to have a reasonable list of image file magic numbers and consult them. However, it relatively difficult to find such magic numbers (gif for instance has different magic numbers, some of which could pretty rare - if memory serves me right). A better idea would be some linux program which can do this kind of thing. Any ideas? I'm running RHEL and PHP 5.3. I've got root access - ie able to install stuff if needed. - Chris.

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• Software to cd (change directories) into .jar/.ear files?

  - by Segphault

  Is there any software/script that will allow me to cd (change directories) into .jar/.ear/.zip files and edit the contents of the files it contains? I'm working on a large EJB project (yuck), and I frequently find myself in situations like the following: something.ear/ |-- something.jar/ | `-- fileINeedToEdit.xml I work primarily via the command line (Mac/Linux), so I find myself decompressing the files with jar -xvf, editing the file I need to edit, and then recompressing with jar -cvf. Obviously, this becomes a major headache after the first few times. I'd like to be able to treat the compressed files as directories, and simply cd (or some alternate command) to the file I want to edit. Does anyone know how I can accomplish this?

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• can't make svn store password, even though the configuration is set to allow it

  - by davka

  did everything the book says, i.e. removed the authentication files from .subversion/auth, and explicitly set the relevant config parameters to 'yes' even though this is a default, and yet the shell svn commands ask for password each time. The repository is on cvsdude.com, the client is linux. I also use the subclipse plugin that caches the password ok. I vaguely remember that when I started working with it, the command asked interactively if I wanted to save clear password, and I said no. Can this choice be stored somewhere and take precedence over the configuration? Thanks!

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• send() always interrupted by EPIPE

  - by Manuel Abeledo

  I've this weird behaviour in a multithreaded server programmed in C under GNU/Linux. While it's sending data, eventually will be interrupted by SIGPIPE. I managed to ignore signals in send() and treat errno after each action because of it. So, it has two individual sending methods, one that sends a large amount of data at once (or at least tries to), and another that sends a nearly similar amount and slices it in little chunks. Finally, I tried with this to keep it sending data. do { total_bytes_sent += send(client_sd, output_buf + total_bytes_sent, output_buf_len - total_bytes_sent, MSG_NOSIGNAL); } while ((total_bytes_sent < output_buf_len) && (errno != EPIPE)); This ugly piece of code does its work in certain situations, but not always. I'm pretty sure it's not a hardware or ISP problem, as this server is running in six european servers, four in Germany and two in France. Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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• Copy one column over another in a delimited file

  - by user275455

  For instance, I needed to remove column 25 and replace it with a copy of column 22 in a simple csv file with no embedded delimiters. The best I could come up with was the awkward looking: awk -F, '{ for(x=1;x<25;x++){printf("%s,", $x)};printf("%s,",$22);for(x=26;x<59;x++){printf ("%s,", $x)};print $59}' I would expect something like cut -d, -f1-24,23,26-59 to work but cut doesn't seem to want to print the same column two times... Is there a more elegant way to do it using anything typicaly available in a linux shell environment?

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• I have some basic questions setting up a PHP daemon

  - by mike

  I will be writing my first daemon in php and I have a couple really basic questions that I need help with. 1) What packages need to be installed on my linux server and Does anything in PHP need to be enabled? So far I have gotten this - http://pear.php.net/package/System_Daemon/download 2) Where on server do I save my daemon files? 3) I have a number of files that need to be included within the daemon that contain classes and functions for gathering emails and attachments through IMAP. All of these files are currently in my web public directory, how do I include these files within my daemon? I think that is everything I need to get started. Thanks so much!

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• Will an IO blocked process show 100% CPU utilization in 'top' output?

  - by Alex Stoddard

  I have an analysis that can be parallelized over a different number of processes. It is expected that things will be both IO and CPU intensive (very high throughput short-read DNA alignment if anyone is curious.) The system running this is a 48 core linux server. The question is how to determine the optimum number of processes such that total throughput is maximized. At some point the processes will presumably become IO bound such that adding more processes will be of no benefit and possibly detrimental. Can I tell from standard system monitoring tools when that point has been reached? Would the output of top (or maybe a different tool) enable me to distinguish between a IO bound and CPU bound process? I am suspicious that a process blocked on IO might still show 100% CPU utilization.

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• How to limit memory of a OS X program? ulimit -v neither -m are working

  - by hectorpal

  My programs run out of memory like half of the time I run them. Under Linux I can set a hard limit to the available memory using ulimit -v mem-in-kbytes. Actually, I use ulimit -S -v mem-in-kbytes, so I get a proper memory allocation problem in the program and I can abort. But... ulimit is not working in OSX 10.6. I've tried with -s and -m options, and they are not working. In 2008 there was some discussion about the same issue in MacRumors, but nobody proposed a good alternative. The should be a way a program can learn it's spending too much memory, or setting a limit through the OS.

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• Php security question

  - by Camran

  I have a linux server, and I am about to upload a classifieds website to it. The website is php based. That means php code adds/removes classifieds, with the help of the users offcourse. The php-code then adds/removes a classified to a database index called Solr (like MySql). Problem is that anybody can currently access the database, but I only want the website to access the database (solr). Solr is on port 8983 as standard btw. My Q is, if I add a rule in my firewall (iptables), to only allow connections coming from the servers IP to the Solr port nr, would this solve my issue? Thanks

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• Locale C++ shared library in /usr/local/lib

  - by Dave

  I'm venturing into the world of C++ and Linux, and am having problems linking against a shared library. I have a library, libicuuc.so.44.1, installed in /usr/local/lib. There is also a link in the same directory, libicuuc.so.44 pointing to that library. My /etc/ld.so.conf reads: include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf I have a file, /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libc.conf, that contains: # libc default configuration /usr/local/lib However, when I compile my program (that includes LIBS += -licuuc), I get the following error at runtime: error while loading shared libraries: libicuuc.so.44: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory I am using Qt Creator on Ubuntu 10.04. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• "tail -f" alternate which doesn't scroll the terminal window

  - by Jagtesh Chadha

  I want to check a file at continuous intervals for contents which keep changing. "tail -f" doesn't suffice as the file doesn't grow in size. I could use a simple while loop in bash to the same effect: while [ 1 ]; do cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT1/state ; sleep 10; done It works, although it has the unwanted effect of scrolling my terminal window. So now I'm wondering, is there a linux/shell command that would display the output of this file without scrolling the terminal?

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• Fonts in a multi-platform environment

  - by Stephen Burke

  What is the best way to deal with fonts in a multi-platform distributed system? If I want to use a common font across all systems to show to the user, what's the best way to do this. From the little I've been reading each platform looks to have fonts that are of the same family (ie serif, sans-serif) but with different names. CSS looks to have the functionality baked in where it will make the best selection it can of font on the users machine. Is there similar functionality either in system libraries or external libraries for Windows & Linux. I'm using C++ mainly? Can someone point me in the right direction for documentation as well? Thanks

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• Count function calls by name or signature. Gcc, C++

  - by MajesticRa

  I have some c++ written package. Linux, gcc. I can modify compilation process (change Makefile, flags, etc.), but can not change C++ source code. One runs the package with different parameters, it does a job and exits. How to count: 1) Number of calls of function with specific name? 2) Number of calls of functions with specific signature? 3) Number of calls of functions where one of the parameters is of specific type i.e. std::string (type is specified by signature)? 4) and extra Number of calls of functions of STL objects, i.e. std::string copy constructor? (I mean count a number of calls during the run. ) I thought to do it with GDB, but I found it very tough to do (1) and have not found how to do (2)-(4) at all. All acceptable answers I will write here for humanity.

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• JBoss 4.0.5 startup takes 15 minutes deploying a single war file

  - by dkblinux98

  This instance of JBoss deploys several war files. The rest of the JBoss startup takes about 5 minutes or less. But when it gets to one particular war file, startup just hangs with no further output to the jboss log. It waits there for about 15 minutes and then suddenly the war starts deploying. The rest of the JBoss startup is then fine. What I want to know is what steps do you recommend I take to diagnose the cause of this condition? It is not possible to upgrade this site to a newer version of JBoss nor java (currently 1.5.0.7). It is running on 32-bit CentOS 5.3 Linux on 3 xen-based virtual servers in a load balanced configuration. The code is common to all three servers via an nfs share. This same issue was seen, however, when the 3 servers were physical and the code was local to each server. The servers are each 2 cpu, 4GB RAM servers.

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• Fusion Middleware 11gR1 : 6??????

  - by Hiroyuki Yoshino

  2010?6??Fusion Middleware 11gR1 ?????????????? ?????????????3??????? 1. Oracle Enterprise Single Sign-On ?????Microsoft Windows (32-bit), Microsoft Windows x64 ???????????????? 10g?????????????????????????????????????Logon Manager?64-bit???????????? ????·????????????????????????·????????Non Oracle LDAP Certification?????????????? 2. Oracle Tuxedo Oracle Tuxedo 11g???????????? 10g???Oracle Tuxedo System and Application Monitor (TSAM), Oracle Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo (SALT)??????????? ??????AIX on Power Systems, HP-UX Itanium, Linux x86, Linux x86-64, Microsoft Windows (32-bit), Microsoft Windows x64, Solaris SPARC (64-bit), Other Platforms ?????????????????????????????????? ????·?????????????????Oracle Tuxedo ? Platform Data Sheets, TSAM ? Supported Platforms, SALT ? Supported Platforms ?????????? 3. Application Adapters ???Mainframe Adapters, CDC Adapters????Application Adapters?11g????????????? JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, SAP, Siebel ??????????????????? ??????AIX on Power Systems, HP-UX Itanium, HP-UX PA-RISC, Linux x86, Linux x86-64, Microsoft Windows (32-bit), Microsoft Windows x64, Solaris SPARC (64-bit) ??????????????? ??????(??????????????????)????????·????????Adapter Certification?????????????? ????? ????????(Media Pack)??????????????(Media Pack)????????????????? (2010?6??????????????????????)

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• How do they read clusters/cylinders/sectors from the disk?

  - by claws

  Hello, I needed to recover the partition table I deleted accidentally. I used an application named TestDisk. Its simply mind blowing. I reads each cylinder from the disk. I've seen similar such applications which work with MBR & partitioning. I'm curious. How do they read clusters/cylinders/sectors from the disk? Is it again OS dependent? If so whats the way to for Linux & for windows?

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• How to edit files on the users file system from my web server?

  - by Abs

  Hello all, I am really looking for implementation advice as I have entered a new realm that I am not familiar with. At the simplest level, I would like to find a way that I can read/write to a users machine from my web server. For this to work, I think I will have to install some sort of "plugin" on the users machine which can receive (or poll?) the server for instructions. The above is the line of thought that I currently have, maybe using JAVA to do this. This needs to work on Linux, Mac and Windows OS. I am really looking for advice on the above, is it a good idea? Is there a better way of doing this? Is there something out there already that I can build on top of? I really appreciate all input and advice as this is something I have not done before. Thanks all

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• poll(2) doesn't empty the event queue

  - by sasayins

  Hi, Im using linux as my programming platform. I am using poll(2) to know if my device is triggering an event. The first call of poll is ok, it blocks and wait for the event to happen. But in the second poll function call, it will return but it capture the event. Below are my code ret = poll( fds, 1, 2000); //2 secs timeout if( fds[0].revents & POLLIN && ret > 0) { printf("event occur\n"); } It seems the queue/buffer is not empty, im just assuming. What do you think is the problem? Thanks.

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• to store char* from function return value

  - by samprat

  Hi folks, I am trying to implement a function which reads from Serial Port ( Linux) and retuns char*. The function works fine but how would I store return value from function. example of function is char *ReadToSerialPort() { char *bufptr; char buffer[256]; // Input buffer/ / //char *bufptr; // Current char in buffer // int nbytes; // Number of bytes read // bufptr = buffer; while ((nbytes = read(fd, bufptr, buffer+sizeof(buffer)-bufptr -1 )) > 0) { bufptr += nbytes; // if (bufptr[-1] == '\n' || bufptr[-1] == '\r') /*if ( bufptr[sizeof(buffer) -1] == '*' && bufptr[0] == '$' ) { break; }*/ } // while ends if ( nbytes ) return bufptr; else return 0; *bufptr = '\0'; } // end ReadAdrPort //In main int main( int argc , char *argv[]) { char *letter; if(strcpy(letter, ReadToSerialPort()) >0 ) { printf("Response is %s\n",letter); } }

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• Can two different versions of the same libs (with same name) exists in an application?

  - by Jay

  I have some scenario like this: Product- Platform- mylibs(version-1) Product- mylibs(version-2) i.e Product uses mylibs (version-2) directly. Product also uses platform (which is also a dynamic lib) and platform uses my libs (version-1). The names of the libs used by product and platform are same. Only versions are different and both these versions are not compatible. Is there a way with ".so" libs in linux that Platform can link to one version and product can link to another version of the same libs having the same name?

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• Understanding behaviour of read() and write()

  - by neo730

  hi i am a student and just start learning low level c programming.i tried to understand read() and write() methods with this program. #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> main() { char *st; st=calloc(sizeof(char),2);//allocate memory for 2 char read(0,st,2); write(1,st,2); } i was expecting that it would give segmentation fault when i would try to input more than 2 input characters.but when i execute program and enter " asdf " after giving " as " as output it executes "df" command. i want to know why it doesn't give segmentation fault when we assign more than 2 char to a string of size 2.and why is it executing rest(after 2 char)of input as command instead of giving it as output only? also reading man page of read() i found read() should give EFAULT error,but it doesn't. I am using linux.

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• Rsync module path needs to be a home directory

  - by Malfist

  I'm trying to use rsync to backup windows servers to an rsync server. I'm having problems with rsync on the linux side though, it doesn't like symlinks. Currently I'm trying to use the module path of ~/backup, but rsync says that the chroot failed. I looked up what to do and saw that I needed to add the option use chroot = no and munge symlinks = no. That fixed the @ERROR: chroot failed but now it's telling me @ERROR: chdir failed and the log files say that there is no ~/backup directory. I know the user I'm authenticating with has a backup folder in his directory. How can I fix this? For reference I'm using a .NET port of rsync called NetSync and tunneling it over a port forwarded SSH connection generated with granados.

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• Forking with a listening socket

  - by viraptor

  I'd like to make sure about the correctness of the way I try to use accept() on a socket. I know that in Linux it's safe to listen() on a socket, fork() N children and then recv() the packets in all of them without any synchronisation from the user side (the packets get more or less load-balanced between the children). But that's UDP. Does the same property hold for TCP and listen(), fork(), accept()? Can I just assume that it's ok to accept on a shared socket created by the parent, even when other children do the same? Is POSIX, BSD sockets or any other standard defining it somewhere?

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