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  • C++ return a "NULL" object if search result not found

    - by aduric
    I'm pretty new to C++ so I tend to design with a lot of Java-isms while I'm learning. Anyway, in Java, if I had class with a 'search' method that would return an object T from a Collection< T that matched a specific parameter, I would return that object and if the object was not found in the collection, I would return a NULL. Then in my calling function I would just check if(T != NULL) { ... } In C++, I'm finding out that I can't return a NULL if the object doesn't exist. I just want to return an 'indicator' of type T that notifies the calling function that no object has been found. I don't want to throw an exception because it's not really an exceptional circumstance. class Node { .... Attr& getAttribute(const string& attribute_name) const { //search collection //if found at i return attributes[i]; //if not found return NULL; } private: vector<Attr> attributes; }

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  • Domain model for an optional many-many relationship

    - by Greg
    Let's say I'm modeling phone numbers. I have one entity for PhoneNumber, and one for Person. There's a link table that expresses the link (if any) between the PhoneNumber and Person. The link table also has a field for DisplayOrder. When accessing my domain model, I have several Use Cases for viewing a Person. I can look at them without any PhoneNumber information. I can look at them for a specific PhoneNumber. I can look at them and all of their current (or past) PhoneNumbers. I'm trying to model Person, not only for the standard CRUD operations, but for the (un)assignment of PhoneNumbers to a Person. I'm having trouble expressing the relationship between the two, especially with respects to the DisplayOrder property. I can think of several solutions but I'm not sure of which (if any) would be best. A PhoneNumberPerson class that has a Person and PhoneNumber property (most closely resembles database design) A PhoneCarryingPerson class that inherits from Person and has a PhoneNumber property. A PhoneNumber and/or PhoneNumbers property on Person (and vis-a-versa, a Person property on PhoneNumber) What would be a good way to model this that makes sense from a domain model perspective? How do I avoid misplaced properties (DisplayOrder on Person) or conditionally populated properties?

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  • Why does C# not provide the C++ style 'friend' keyword?

    - by Ash
    The C++ friend keyword allows a class A to designate class B as it's friend. This allows Class B to access the private/protected members of class A. I've never read anything as to why this was left out of C# (and VB.NET). Most answers to this earlier StackOverflow question seem to be saying it is a useful part of C++ and there are good reasons to use it. In my experience I'd have to agree. Another question seems to me to be really asking how to do something similar to friend in a C# application. While the answers generally revolve around nested classes, it doesn't seem quite as elegant as using the friend keyword. The original Design Patterns book uses the friend keyword regularly throughout its examples. So in summary, why is friend missing from C#, and what is the "best practice" way (or ways) of simulating it in C#? (By the way, the "internal" keyword is not the same thing, it allows ALL classes within the entire assembly to access internal members, friend allows you to give access to a class to just one other class.)

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  • Comparing all properties of an object using expression trees

    - by stringargs
    Hi, I'm trying to write a simple generator that uses an expression tree to dynamically generate a method that compares all properties of an instance of a type to the properties of another instance of that type. This works fine for most properties, like int an string, but fails for DateTime? (and presumably other nullable value types). The method: static Delegate GenerateComparer(Type type) { var left = Expression.Parameter(type, "left"); var right = Expression.Parameter(type, "right"); Expression result = null; foreach (var p in type.GetProperties()) { var leftProperty = Expression.Property(left, p.Name); var rightProperty = Expression.Property(right, p.Name); var equals = p.PropertyType.GetMethod("Equals", new[] { p.PropertyType }); var callEqualsOnLeft = Expression.Call(leftProperty, equals, rightProperty); result = result != null ? (Expression)Expression.And(result, callEqualsOnLeft) : (Expression)callEqualsOnLeft; } var method = Expression.Lambda(result, left, right).Compile(); return method; } On a DateTime? property it fails with: Expression of type 'System.Nullable`1[System.DateTime]' cannot be used for parameter of type 'System.Object' of method 'Boolean Equals(System.Object)' OK, so it finds an overload of Equals that expects object. So why can't I pass a DateTime? into that, as it's convertible to object? If I look at Nullable<T>, it indeed has an override of Equals(object o). PS: I realize that this isn't a proper generator yet as it can't deal with null values, but I'll get to that :)

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  • Problem with object serialization in Applet-Servlet communication

    - by Bruce
    Hi guys, I spent a lot of time on thinking what is wrong with the following code. I send the object from my applet to servlet and then I read the object from servlet. Everything goes fine till reading serialized object from the servlet - I got IOException. Thank you in advance! Here is the code: Applet: try { URL servletURL = new URL(this.getCodeBase().getProtocol(), this.getCodeBase().getHost(), this.getCodeBase().getPort(), "/MyApplet"); URLConnection servletConnection = servletURL.openConnection(); servletConnection.setDoInput( true ); servletConnection.setDoOutput( true ); servletConnection.setUseCaches( false ); servletConnection.setRequestProperty( "Content-Type", "application/x-java-serialized-object" ); ObjectOutputStream output; output = new ObjectOutputStream( servletConnection.getOutputStream( ) ); output.writeObject( someObject ); output.flush( ); output.close( ); ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream( servletConnection.getInputStream( ) ); // Here I got the exception myObject = ( SomeObject ) input.readObject( ); } catch (java.io.IOException ioe) { System.err.println(ioe.getStackTrace()); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.getStackTrace()); } Servlet: response.setContentType("application/x-java-serialized-object"); try { ObjectInputStream inputFromApplet = new ObjectInputStream(request.getInputStream()); SomeObject myObject = (SomeObject) inputFromApplet.readObject(); ObjectOutputStream outputToApplet = new ObjectOutputStream(response.getOutputStream()); outputToApplet.writeObject(myObject); outputToApplet.flush(); } catch(Exception e) { // ... }

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  • Base class with abstract subclasses in C# ?

    - by Nick Brooks
    public abstract class Request { public class Parameters { //Threre are no members here //But there should be in inherited classes } public Request() { parameters = new Parameters(); } public Parameters parameters; } Two questions: How do I make it so I can add stuff to the constructor but the original constructor will still be executed? How do I make it so the subclasses can add members to the Parameters class?

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  • processing json objects in jsp

    - by user98534
    i have a JSON object sent from the browser to the jsp page. how do i receive that object and process it in jsp. do i need any specific parsers? i have used the following piece of code. but it wouldnt work. essentially i should read the contents of the object and print them in the jsp. <%@page language="java" import="jso.JSONObject"%> <% JSONObject inp=request.getParameter("param1"); %> <% for(int i=0;i<inp.size();i++) {%> <%=inp.getString(i)%> <% } %>

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  • Help naming a class that has a single public method called Execute()

    - by devoured elysium
    I have designed the following class that should work kind of like a method (usually the user will just run Execute()): public abstract class ??? { protected bool hasFailed = false; protected bool hasRun = false; public bool HasFailed { get { return hasFailed; } } public bool HasRun { get { return hasRun; } } private void Restart() { hasFailed = false; hasRun = false; } public bool Execute() { ExecuteImplementation(); bool returnValue = hasFailed; Restart(); return returnValue; } protected abstract void ExecuteImplementation(); } My question is: how should I name this class? Runnable? Method(sounds awkward)?

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  • Circular dependency with generics

    - by devoured elysium
    I have defined the following interface: public interface IStateSpace<State, Action> where State : IState where Action : IAction<State, Action> // <-- this is the line that bothers me { void SetValueAt(State state, Action action); Action GetValueAt(State state); } Basically, an IStateSpace interface should be something like a chess board, and in each position of the chess board you have a set of possible movements to do. Those movements here are called IActions. I have defined this interface this way so I can accommodate for different implementations: I can then define concrete classes that implement 2D matrix, 3D matrix, graphs, etc. public interface IAction<State, Action> { IStateSpace<State, Action> StateSpace { get; } } An IAction, would be to move up(this is, if in (2, 2) move to (2, 1)), move down, etc. Now, I'll want that each action has access to a StateSpace so it can do some checking logic. Is this implementation correct? Or is this a bad case of a circular dependence? If yes, how to accomplish "the same" in a different way? Thanks

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  • ASP.Net Architecture Specific to Shared/Static functions

    - by Maxim Gershkovich
    Hello All, Could someone please advise in the context of a ASP.Net application is a shared/static function common to all users? If for example you have a function Public shared function GetStockByID(StockID as Guid) as Stock Is that function common to all current users of your application? Or is the shared function only specific to the current user and shared in the context of ONLY that current user? So more specifically my question is this, besides database concurrency issues such as table locking do I need to concern myself with threading issues in shared functions in an ASP.Net application? In my head; let’s say my application namespace is MyTestApplicationNamespace. Everytime a new user connects to my site a new instance of the MyTestApplicationNamespace is created and therefore all shared functions are common to that instance and user but NOT common across multiple users. Is this correct?

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  • Designing different Factory classes (and what to use as argument to the factories!)

    - by devoured elysium
    Let's say we have the following piece of code: public class Event { } public class SportEvent1 : Event { } public class SportEvent2 : Event { } public class MedicalEvent1 : Event { } public class MedicalEvent2 : Event { } public interface IEventFactory { bool AcceptsInputString(string inputString); Event CreateEvent(string inputString); } public class EventFactory { private List<IEventFactory> factories = new List<IEventFactory>(); public void AddFactory(IEventFactory factory) { factories.Add(factory); } //I don't see a point in defining a RemoveFactory() so I won't. public Event CreateEvent(string inputString) { try { //iterate through all factories. If one and only one of them accepts //the string, generate the event. Otherwise, throw an exception. return factories.Single(factory => factory.AcceptsInputString(inputString)).CreateEvent(inputString); } catch (InvalidOperationException e) { throw new InvalidOperationException("No valid factory found to generate this kind of Event!", e); } } } public class SportEvent1Factory : IEventFactory { public bool AcceptsInputString(string inputString) { return inputString.StartsWith("SportEvent1"); } public Event CreateEvent(string inputString) { return new SportEvent1(); } } public class MedicalEvent1Factory : IEventFactory { public bool AcceptsInputString(string inputString) { return inputString.StartsWith("MedicalEvent1"); } public Event CreateEvent(string inputString) { return new MedicalEvent1(); } } And here is the code that runs it: static void Main(string[] args) { EventFactory medicalEventFactory = new EventFactory(); medicalEventFactory.AddFactory(new MedicalEvent1Factory()); medicalEventFactory.AddFactory(new MedicalEvent2Factory()); EventFactory sportsEventFactory = new EventFactory(); sportsEventFactory.AddFactory(new SportEvent1Factory()); sportsEventFactory.AddFactory(new SportEvent2Factory()); } I have a couple of questions: Instead of having to add factories here in the main method of my application, should I try to redesign my EventFactory class so it is an abstract factory? It'd be better if I had a way of not having to manually add EventFactories every time I want to use them. So I could just instantiate MedicalFactory and SportsFactory. Should I make a Factory of factories? Maybe that'd be over-engineering? As you have probably noticed, I am using a inputString string as argument to feed the factories. I have an application that lets the user create his own events but also to load/save them from text files. Later, I might want to add other kinds of files, XML, sql connections, whatever. The only way I can think of that would allow me to make this work is having an internal format (I choose a string, as it's easy to understand). How would you make this? I assume this is a recurrent situation, probably most of you know of any other more intelligent approach to this. I am then only looping in the EventFactory for all the factories in its list to check if any of them accepts the input string. If one does, then it asks it to generate the Event. If you find there is something wrong or awkward with the method I'm using to make this happen, I'd be happy to hear about different implementations. Thanks! PS: Although I don't show it in here, all the different kind of events have different properties, so I have to generate them with different arguments (SportEvent1 might have SportName and Duration properties, that have to be put in the inputString as argument).

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  • Java Program Design Layout Recommendations?

    - by Leebuntu
    I've learned enough to begin writing programs from scratch, but I'm running into the problem of not knowing how to design the layout and implementation of a program. To be more precise, I'm having difficulty finding a good way to come up with an action plan before I dive in to the programming part. I really want to know what classes, methods, and objects I would need beforehand instead of just adding them along the way. My intuition is leading me to using some kind of charting software that gives a hierarchal view of all the classes and methods. I've been using OmniGraffle Pro and while it does seem to work somewhat, I'm still having trouble planning out the program in its entirety. How should I approach this problem? What softwares out there are available to help with this problem? Any good reads out there on this issue? Thanks so much! Edit: Oh yeah, I'm using Eclipse and I code mainly in Java right now.

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  • PHP object class variable

    - by mck89
    I have built a class in PHP and I must declare a class variable as an object. Everytime I want to declare an empty object I use: $var=new stdClass; But if I use it to declare a class variable as class foo { var $bar=new stdClass; } a parse error occurs. Is there a way to do this or must I declare the class variable as an object in the constructor function? PS: I'm using PHP 4.

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  • Why Java interfaces can't have constructors?

    - by AndrejaKo
    This question showed up on my mid-term exams and I've been searching for correct answer for some time. I know that Java interfaces can't be directly instantiated so they don't need constructors and that they can have only public static final attributes so they don't need constructors to set them up but that's not the expected answer.

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  • Choosing a design pattern for a class that might change it's internal attributes

    - by the_drow
    I have a class that holds arbitrary state and it's defined like this: class AbstractFoo { }; template <class StatePolicy> class Foo : public StatePolicy, public AbstractFoo { }; The state policy contains only protected attributes that represent the state. The state might be the same for multiple behaviors and they can be replaced at runtime. All Foo objects have the same interface to abstract the state itself and to enable storing Foo objects in containers. I would like to find the least verbose and the most maintainable way to express this.

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  • Hibernate session method to update object

    - by EugeneP
    I need this roadmap of a Hibernate managed object instance. First, I create an instance with initial properties and persist this object in a db. Then session associated with this object is closed. But still, I serialize my object and on the next step deserialize it, invoke some setters, and again, I need to update what changed in a database. What methods of Hibernate session should I use? persist() or save() on the first step and saveOrUpdate() on the second? In fact I see that saveOrUpdate() can be used on each step. What would you recommend?

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  • Dynamically create and cast objects at runtime

    - by vaibhav bindroo
    Let's say we have 2 classes A and B public class A{ private int member1; A() { member1 = 10; } public getMember(){ return member1; } } Class B is also on the same lines except that its member variable is named member2 and gets intitialized to say 20 inside the constructor. My Requirement : At runtime , I get a string which contains a className ( could be A or B). I want to dynamically create an object of this class along with invoking the constructor. How can I achieve this . I don't want to use interfaces for common functionality of above classes Morever, later on I set the properties of this raw object using Propery Builder Bean Util class based on a list of columns . Class clazz = Class.forName("className"); Obj obj = clazz.newInstance(); How I can dynamically convert that obj to className object.

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  • Google App Engine - Dealing with concurrency issues of storing an object

    - by Spines
    My User object that I want to create and store in the datastore has an email, and a username. How do I make sure when creating my User object that another User object doesn't also have either the same email or the same username? If I just do a query to see if any other users have already used the username or the email, then there could be a race condition. UPDATE: The solution I'm currently considering is to use the MemCache to implement a locking mechanism. I would acquire 2 locks before trying to store the User object in the datastore. First a lock that locks based on email, then another that locks based on username. Since creating new User objects only happens at user registration time, and it's even rarer that two people try to use either the same username or the same email, I think it's okay to take the performance hit of locking. I'm thinking of using the MemCache locking code that is here: http://appengine-cookbook.appspot.com/recipe/mutex-using-memcache-api/ What do you guys think?

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  • How should I declare default values for instance variables in Python?

    - by int3
    Should I give my class members default values like this: class Foo: num = 1 or like this? class Foo: def __init__(self): self.num = 1 In this question I discovered that in both cases, bar = Foo() bar.num += 1 is a well-defined operation. I understand that the first method will give me a class variable while the second one will not. However, if I do not require a class variable, but only need to set a default value for my instance variables, are both methods equally good? Or one of them more 'pythonic' than the other? One thing I've noticed is that in the Django tutorial, they use the second method to declare Models. Personally I think the second method is more elegant, but I'd like to know what the 'standard' way is.

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