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• Oracle 12cR1 : Evaluación "What-If" de un comando crsctl con Oracle Clusterware

  - by grantunez-Oracle

  Oracle en su nueva version 12cR1 introdujo una nueva y pequeña característica  al Oracle Clusterware, pero el que sea pequeña, no significa que no sea de gran utilidad. En versiones anteriores, si queríamos saber que iba a pasar al ejecutar un comando con la herramienta crsctl, teníamos que hacerlo en un ambiente de pruebas, ya que si no sabíamos de que se trataba el comando, se convertía en algo muy peligroso hacerlo sobre producción. En Oracle Clusterware 12cR1 se introduce la evaluación de comando tipo "What-If" en la herramienta mencionada anteriormente, crsctl eval, que lo que nos permite es ver , que va a suceder si ejecuta el comando, sin que realmente se ejecute el comando. Primero vamos a ver que recursos tenemos arriba  [oracle@oel6-112-rac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name           Target  State        Server                   State details       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Local Resources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLE               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac2            STABLEora.DATA.dg               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLE               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac2            STABLEora.LISTENER.lsnr               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLE               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac2            STABLEora.net1.network               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLE               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac2            STABLEora.ons               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLE               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac2            STABLEora.proxy_advm               ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLE               ONLINE  OFFLINE      oel6-112-rac2            CLEANINGora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac2            STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLEora.MGMTLSNR      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            169.254.247.50 192.1                                                             68.1.111,STABLEora.asm      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLE      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac2            STABLE      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLEora.cvu      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLEora.gns      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLEora.gns.vip      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLEora.mgmtdb      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            Open,STABLEora.oc4j      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLEora.oel6-112-rac1.vip      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLEora.oel6-112-rac2.vip      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac2            STABLEora.orcl.db      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE      oel6-112-rac2            Instance Shutdown,STABLE       2        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            Open,STABLEora.scan1.vip      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac2            STABLEora.scan2.vip      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLEora.scan3.vip      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       oel6-112-rac1            STABLE Ahora lo que vamos a hacer , es evaluar que pasaría, si por ejemplo, el recurso de ASM llegara a fallar en nuestro nodo [oracle@oel6-112-rac1 ~]$ crsctl eval fail resource ora.asm Stage Group 1: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stage Number Required Action --------------------------------------------------------------------------------      1    N Create new group (Stage Group = 2)    Y Resource 'ora.asm' (1/1) will be in state [ONLINE|INTERMEDIATE] on server [oel6-112-rac1]    Y Resource 'ora.asm' (2/1) will be in state [ONLINE|INTERMEDIATE] on server [oel6-112-rac2] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stage Group 2: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stage Number Required Action --------------------------------------------------------------------------------      1    N Resource 'ora.proxy_advm' (oel6-112-rac2) will be in state [ONLINE|INTERMEDIATE] on server [oel6-112-rac2] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Como vamos a ver a continuación, no es lo mismo se decidiéramos detener el recurso, en este caso tenemos que forzarlo , ya que es un recurso que no se puede detener sin la opción "-f":  [oracle@oel6-112-rac1 ~]$ crsctl eval stop resource ora.asm Stage Group 1: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stage Number Required Action --------------------------------------------------------------------------------      1    N Error code [222] for entity [ora.asm]. Message is [CRS-2529: Unable to act on 'ora.asm' because that would require stopping or relocating 'ora.DATA.dg', but the force option was not specified]. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [oracle@oel6-112-rac1 ~]$ crsctl eval stop resource ora.asm -f Stage Group 1: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stage Number Required Action --------------------------------------------------------------------------------      1    Y Resource 'ora.DATA.dg' (oel6-112-rac1) will be in state [OFFLINE]    Y Resource 'ora.DATA.dg' (oel6-112-rac2) will be in state [OFFLINE]    Y Resource 'ora.orcl.db' (2/1) will be in state [OFFLINE]    Y Resource 'ora.proxy_advm' (oel6-112-rac1) will be in state [OFFLINE]      2    Y Resource 'ora.asm' (1/1) will be in state [OFFLINE]    Y Resource 'ora.asm' (2/1) will be in state [OFFLINE] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Como puedes ver, es una característica nueva y pequeña, pero bastante util para evaluar todos tus comandos de crsctl sin impactar a ninguno de tus recursos. Así te permitira valorar el impacto que tendra el comando que vas a ejecutar. Puedes encontrar mas información en: Utilizando el comando eval

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• Responsive Design for your ADF Faces Web Applications

  - by Shay Shmeltzer

  Responsive web applications are a common pattern for designing web pages that adjust their UI based on the device that access them. With the increase in the number of ADF applications that are being accessed from mobile phones and tablet we are getting more and more questions around this topic. Steven Davelaar wrote a comprehensive article covering key concepts in this area that you can find here. The article focuses on what I would refer to as server adaptive application, where the server adapts the UI it generates based on the device that is accessing the server. However there is one more technique that is not covered in that article and can be used with Oracle ADF - it is CSS manipulation on the client that can achieve responsive design. I'll cover this technique in this blog entry. The main advantage of this technique is that the UI manipulation does not require the server to send over a new UI when a change is needed. This for example allows your page to change immediately when you change the orientation of your device. (By the way this example was developed for one of the seminars in the upcoming Oracle ADF OTN Virtual Developer Day). In the demo that you'll see below you'll see a single page that changes the way it is displayed based on the orientation of the device. Here is the page with the tablet in landscape and portrait: To achieve this I'm using a CSS media query in my page template that changes the display property of a couple of style classes that are used in my page. The media query has this format: @media screen and (max-width:700px) {            .narrow {                display: inline;            }            .wide {                display: none;            }            .adjustFont {                font-size: small;            }            .icon-home {                font-size: 24px;            }        } This changes the properties of the same styleClasses that are defined in my application's skin. Here is a quick demo video that shows you the full application and explains how it works. For those looking to replicate this, here are the basic files: skin1.css @charset "UTF-8";/**ADFFaces_Skin_File / DO NOT REMOVE**/@namespace af "http://xmlns.oracle.com/adf/faces/rich";@namespace dvt "http://xmlns.oracle.com/dss/adf/faces";.wide {    display: inline;}.narrow {    display: none;}.adjustFont {    font-size: large;}.icon-home {        font-family: 'UIShellUGH';    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;        font-size: 36px;        color: #ffa000;} pageTemplate: <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><af:pageTemplateDef xmlns:af="http://xmlns.oracle.com/adf/faces/rich" var="attrs" definition="private"                    xmlns:afc="http://xmlns.oracle.com/adf/faces/rich/component">    <af:xmlContent>        <afc:component>            <afc:description>A template that will work on phones and desktop</afc:description>            <afc:display-name>ResponsiveTemplate</afc:display-name>            <afc:facet>                <afc:facet-name>main</afc:facet-name>            </afc:facet>        </afc:component>    </af:xmlContent>    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>    <af:resource type="css">@media screen and (max-width:700px) {            .narrow {                display: inline;            }            .wide {                display: none;            }            .adjustFont {                font-size: small;            }            .icon-home {                font-size: 24px;            }        }@font-face {            font-family: 'UIShellUGH';            src: url(data:application/x-font-woff;charset=utf-8;base64,d09GRk9UVE8AA..removed code here...AzV6b1g==)format('truetype');            font-weight: normal;            font-style: normal;        }    </af:resource>    <af:panelGroupLayout id="pt_pgl4" layout="vertical" styleClass="sizeStyle">        <af:panelGridLayout id="pt_pgl1">            <af:gridRow marginTop="5px" height="40px" id="pt_gr1">                <af:gridCell marginStart="5px" width="100%" marginEnd="5px" id="pt_gc1">                    <af:panelGroupLayout id="pt_pgl3" halign="center" layout="horizontal">                        <af:outputText value="h" id="ot2" styleClass="icon-home"/>                        <af:outputText value="HR System" id="ot3" styleClass="adjustFont"/>                    </af:panelGroupLayout>                </af:gridCell>            </af:gridRow>            <af:gridRow marginTop="5px" height="auto" id="pt_gr2">                <af:gridCell marginStart="5px" width="100%" marginEnd="5px" id="pt_gc2" halign="stretch">                    <af:panelGroupLayout id="pt_pgl2" layout="scroll">                        <af:facetRef facetName="main"/>                    </af:panelGroupLayout>                </af:gridCell>            </af:gridRow>            <af:gridRow marginTop="5px" height="20px" marginBottom="5px" id="pt_gr3">                <af:gridCell marginStart="5px" width="100%" marginEnd="5px" id="pt_gc3">                    <af:panelGroupLayout id="pt_pgl5" layout="vertical" halign="center">                        <af:separator id="pt_s1"/>                        <af:outputText value="Copyright Oracle Corp. 2013" id="pt_ot1" styleClass="adjustFont"/>                    </af:panelGroupLayout>                </af:gridCell>            </af:gridRow>        </af:panelGridLayout>    </af:panelGroupLayout></af:pageTemplateDef> Example from the page:                         <af:gridRow id="gr3">                            <af:gridCell id="gc7" columnSpan="2">                                <af:panelGroupLayout id="pgl8" styleClass="narrow">                                    <af:link text="Menu" id="l1">                                        <af:showPopupBehavior triggerType="action" popupId="p1" align="afterEnd"/>                                    </af:link>                                </af:panelGroupLayout>                                <af:panelGroupLayout id="pgl7" styleClass="wide">                                    <af:navigationPane id="np1" hint="buttons">                                        <af:commandNavigationItem text="Departments" id="cni1"/>                                        <af:commandNavigationItem text="Employees" id="cni2"/>                                        <af:commandNavigationItem text="Salaries" id="cni3"/>                                        <af:commandNavigationItem text="Jobs" id="cni4"/>                                        <af:commandNavigationItem text="Services" id="cni5"/>                                        <af:commandNavigationItem text="Support" id="cni6"/>                                        <af:commandNavigationItem text="Help" id="cni7"/>                                    </af:navigationPane>                                </af:panelGroupLayout>                            </af:gridCell>                        </af:gridRow>

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• IIS logs show sc-win32-status=64 but only through some networks

  - by wweicker

  I have an ASP.NET application running on a client server (W2k3, IIS6, .NET 2.0). FWIW, this is a Test instance, it hasn't been moved into Production yet. So it is not running under SSL, load balancing, etc. When I access one of the pages on their server from our office, the page gets hit once. Inspecting the IIS logs (c:WINDOWS\system32\LogFiles\W3SVC1) show a GET for that page, then I push a button on the page and the log file shows a POST. This seems to be working fine so far. Now when I remote into the client's network and access the page from one of their local machines, the log file shows a GET, then I push the button on the page and the log shows two POSTs at the same second. The first one shows status (sc-status, sc-substatus, sc-win32-status) 200 0 64, the second shows 200 0 0. In the log file, both POSTs are identical. Basically the log looks like this (except I masked some of the data): #Fields: date time s-ip cs-method cs-uri-stem cs-uri-query s-port cs-username c-ip cs(User-Agent) sc-status sc-substatus sc-win32-status 2009-08-11 20:19:32 x.x.x.x GET /File.aspx - 80 - y.y.y.y Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+6.0;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+SLCC1;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.5.21022;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET+CLR+3.0.30618;+MDDR;+OfficeLiveConnector.1.4;+OfficeLivePatch.0.0) 200 0 0 2009-08-11 20:19:45 x.x.x.x POST /File.aspx - 80 - y.y.y.y Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+6.0;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+SLCC1;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.5.21022;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET+CLR+3.0.30618;+MDDR;+OfficeLiveConnector.1.4;+OfficeLivePatch.0.0) 200 0 64 2009-08-11 20:19:45 x.x.x.x POST /File.aspx - 80 - y.y.y.y Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+6.0;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+SLCC1;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.5.21022;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET+CLR+3.0.30618;+MDDR;+OfficeLiveConnector.1.4;+OfficeLivePatch.0.0) 200 0 0 The problem is, the page is getting hit twice. The database performs an operation for the first request, then the second request detects that a duplicate operation is being performed and throws an error message. The users think their operation failed, but it actually succeeded. The error description of sc-win32-status 64 is: "The specified network name is no longer available." This leads me to believe, given that both POST requests show an HTTP status of 200, that the server is successful in serving the request, but the client is never notified and resubmits the request. How can I troubleshoot this? Any ideas what could be causing this behavior on their internal network only? I should mention, this is happening at two separate client sites, but does not happen at six of our other client sites, or in our office, or connecting to any of our eight clients over the web. What could be making this reproducible 100% of the time on their local network but 0% of the time anywhere else? Update: I found a very small number of the duplicated POST requests had sc-win32-status of 995 instead of 64 as originally reported. The error description of sc-win32-status=995 is: "The I/O operation has been aborted because of either a thread exit or an application request." This doesn't make any sense (considering I have full access to the code). I still don't understand how or why this issue is occurring, but the new error code leads me to believe it may not be a network issue after all and I am now investigating the possibility of a random code bug.

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• Apache 2.2 and FastCGI stops responding, warnings, crashes

  - by Brett

  I've seen this question posted a few times using a Google search, with no real answers. I have a multi-threaded FastCGI application running with Apache 2.2 on FreeBSD 7.2. There are a few issues with it, and I am unable to really figure out the source of the problem even after poking through a bunch of the mod_fastcgi source code. My FastCGI application gets anywhere from 2 to 15 or so hits per second, and mostly services a back-end API (the majority of web server usage is for this, and not actually serving content). Everything seems to work ok under normal conditions, but recently this problem has been becoming worse. It starts out with the FastCGI process manager apparently trying to close unneeded processes, sending them a SIGTERM signal. I catch the signal, clean up some stuff, and exit (by calling exit()) with status code 0. This process seems to result in three log messages in my httpd error log: [Tue Jun 01 14:03:31 2010] [warn] FastCGI: (dynamic) server "/home/program/wwwroot/domains/www.mydomain.com/cgi-bin/program.cgi" (pid 98182) termination signaled [Tue Jun 01 14:03:31 2010] [warn] FastCGI: (dynamic) server "/home/program/wwwroot/domains/www.mydomain.com/cgi-bin/program.cgi" (pid 98182) terminated by calling exit with status '0' [Tue Jun 01 14:03:31 2010] [warn] FastCGI: (dynamic) server "/home/program/wwwroot/domains/www.mydomain.com/cgi-bin/program.cgi" restarted (pid 98294) I am not sure why it says it is restarting the process, but in any case no core dump is ever generated so I do believe it is the FastCGI process manager doing it's thing. This makes sense because it begins to happen after the initial load increase from restarting Apache. Since it's down for a few seconds, it gets hit with a couple of hundred requests over the first few seconds it's running again (sometimes even hitting the upper limit of MAXCLIENTS in Apache), and this seems to be the process manager doing the work of spawning more processes to handle the increased load. So this all seems fine, but here is where things get weird. There are really two problems that I see. First, my multithreaded FastCGI process spawns 25 worker threads, and all seem to be used according to my internal log files (multiple processes are clearly using multiple threads to do work). However it seems that 3 or 4 FastCGI processes is not enough to handle the 5 to 15 hit per second load, even though the requests take about .02s or so to process internally. In order to be at all responsive, it seems I need 50 or more FastCGI processes, leading me to believe that FastCGI does not realize that my program is multithreaded. I've read the documentation at http://www.fastcgi.com/mod_fastcgi/docs/mod_fastcgi.html and do not see any option pertaining to multithreaded-ness, and my internal code is more or less set up just like the examples provided by the FastCGI library. The second problem I am having is that once process termination has happened a bunch of times as above (and seemingly at random), I begin getting a lot of these messages in my error log: [Tue Jun 01 14:06:22 2010] [warn] (32)Broken pipe: FastCGI: write() to PM failed (ignore if a restart or shutdown is pending) The messages occur for about half the hits I get to the server, and it completely kills the responsiveness of my application - it seems FastCGI will look for a working "pipe" until it finds one, and fail to realize that whatever application it is trying to contact is dead. It does still work though, it's just incredibly unresponsive - sometimes taking up to 40 or so seconds to process a request. I recompiled mod_fastcgi with some extra debugging around the point of the error message, and it appears that the error happens when it tries to write() to the application. The call to write() fails with a -1 return code, and sets errno to EPIPE. I am noticing that the issue happens mostly when either a crash occurs in one of the FastCGI processes, or a bunch of them are seemingly terminated by the process manager. I haven't had any core dumps though, except for one, where the backtrace outputted by gdb is just a single call to free() at address 0x0000000000000000 with nothing else in the stack trace, so I don't really know what to make of that. I'm thinking it happens sometime after the SIGTERM signal is caught, maybe some global variable not being cleaned up properly or something.

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• saslauthd + PostFix producing password verification and authentication errors

  - by Aram Papazian

  So I'm trying to setup PostFix while using SASL (Cyrus variety preferred, I was using dovecot earlier but I'm switching from dovecot to courier so I want to use cyrus instead of dovecot) but I seem to be having issues. Here are the errors I'm receiving: ==> mail.log <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.info <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.warn <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure I tried $testsaslauthd -u xxxx -p xxxx 0: OK "Success." So I know that the password/user I'm using is correct. I'm thinking that most likely I have a setting wrong somewhere, but can't seem to find where. Here is my files. Here is my main.cf for postfix: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. myorigin = /etc/mailname # This is already done in /etc/mailname #myhostname = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name #biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. #append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # Relay smtp through another server or leave blank to do it yourself #relayhost = smtp.yourisp.com # Network details; Accept connections from anywhere, and only trust this machine mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 inet_interfaces = all #mynetworks_style = host #As we will be using virtual domains, these need to be empty local_recipient_maps = mydestination = # how long if undelivered before sending "delayed mail" warning update to sender delay_warning_time = 4h # will it be a permanent error or temporary unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 # how long to keep message on queue before return as failed. # some have 3 days, I have 16 days as I am backup server for some people # whom go on holiday with their server switched off. maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d # max and min time in seconds between retries if connection failed minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s # how long to wait when servers connect before receiving rest of data smtp_helo_timeout = 60s # how many address can be used in one message. # effective stopper to mass spammers, accidental copy in whole address list # but may restrict intentional mail shots. smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 # how many error before back off. smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 # how many max errors before blocking it. smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 # Requirements for the HELO statement smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit # Requirements for the sender details smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit # Requirements for the connecting server smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org # Requirement for the recipient address smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining # require proper helo at connections smtpd_helo_required = yes # waste spammers time before rejecting them smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes # not sure of the difference of the next two # but they are needed for local aliasing alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/vmail # this is for the mailbox location for each user virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf # and this is for aliases virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf # and this is for domain lookups virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf # this is how to connect to the domains (all virtual, but the option is there) # not used yet # transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf # Setup the uid/gid of the owner of the mail files - static:5000 allows virtual ones virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 inet_protocols=all # Cyrus SASL Support smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd smtpd_sasl_local_domain = xxxxx.com ####################### ## OLD CONFIGURATION ## ####################### #myorigin = /etc/mailname #mydestination = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com, localhost, localhost.localdomain #mailbox_size_limit = 0 #recipient_delimiter = + #html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html message_size_limit = 30720000 #virtual_alias_domains = ##virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual #virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail ##luser_relay = webmaster #smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot #smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes #smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination #virtual_create_maildirsize = yes #virtual_maildir_extended = yes #proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps #virtual_transport = dovecot #dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 Here is my master.cf: # # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # cyrus unix - n n - - pipe user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} #dovecot unix - n n - - pipe # flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient} Here is what I'm using for /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf log_level: 7 pwcheck_method: saslauthd pwcheck_method: auxprop mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5 DIGEST-MD5 allow_plaintext: true auxprop_plugin: mysql sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1 sql_user: xxxxx sql_passwd: xxxxx sql_database: maildb sql_select: select crypt from users where id = '%u' As you can see I'm trying to use mysql as my authentication method. The password in 'users' is set through the 'ENCRYPT()' function. I also followed the methods found in http://www.jimmy.co.at/weblog/?p=52 in order to redo /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd as that seems to be a lot of people's problems, but that didn't help at all. Also, here is my /etc/default/saslauthd START=yes DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" # Which authentication mechanisms should saslauthd use? (default: pam) # # Available options in this Debian package: # getpwent -- use the getpwent() library function # kerberos5 -- use Kerberos 5 # pam -- use PAM # rimap -- use a remote IMAP server # shadow -- use the local shadow password file # sasldb -- use the local sasldb database file # ldap -- use LDAP (configuration is in /etc/saslauthd.conf) # # Only one option may be used at a time. See the saslauthd man page # for more information. # # Example: MECHANISMS="pam" MECHANISMS="pam" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r" I had heard that potentially changing MECHANISM to MECHANISMS="mysql" but obviously that didn't help as is shown by the options listed above and also by trying it out anyway in case the documentation was outdated. So, I'm now at a loss... I have no idea where to go from here or what steps I need to do to get this working =/ Anyone have any ideas? EDIT: Here is the error that is coming from auth.log ... I don't know if this will help at all, but here you go: Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql auxprop plugin using mysql engine Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1'

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• How to tune down the Hyperic built-in postgresql database for a small setup

  - by Svish

  We are testing out Hyperic 4.5.1 in a quite small environment for now. Currently there are just 1-5 agents and there probably won't be any more than 10-15. When I run ps ax there are 20(!) postgres processes running. For a small setup like this, that can't be necessary, can it? I'm a software developer and don't have much experience with setting up servers and such though, so don't really know. Either way, what settings are appropriate for a small Hyperic setup like this? Current, default and untouched configuration file, hqdb/data/postgresql.conf: # ----------------------------- # PostgreSQL configuration file # ----------------------------- # # This file consists of lines of the form: # # name = value # # (The '=' is optional.) White space may be used. Comments are introduced # with '#' anywhere on a line. The complete list of option names and # allowed values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation. The # commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values. # # Please note that re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it # to the default value, unless you restart the server. # # Any option can also be given as a command line switch to the server, # e.g., 'postgres -c log_connections=on'. Some options can be changed at # run-time with the 'SET' SQL command. # # This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a # SIGHUP. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the # server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some # settings, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart # to take effect. # # Memory units: kB = kilobytes MB = megabytes GB = gigabytes # Time units: ms = milliseconds s = seconds min = minutes h = hours d = days #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # FILE LOCATIONS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command line # switch or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir. #data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory # (change requires restart) #hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file # (change requires restart) #ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file # (change requires restart) # If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written. #external_pid_file = '(none)' # write an extra PID file # (change requires restart) #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Connection Settings - #listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on; # comma-separated list of addresses; # defaults to 'localhost', '*' = all # (change requires restart) port = 9432 # (change requires restart) max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart) # Note: increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per # connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). You # might also need to raise shared_buffers to support more connections. #superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_directory = '' # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # octal # (change requires restart) #bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name # (change requires restart) # - Security & Authentication - #authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s #ssl = off # (change requires restart) #password_encryption = on #db_user_namespace = off # Kerberos #krb_server_keyfile = '' # (change requires restart) #krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (change requires restart) #krb_server_hostname = '' # empty string matches any keytab entry # (change requires restart) #krb_caseins_users = off # (change requires restart) # - TCP Keepalives - # see 'man 7 tcp' for details #tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT; # 0 selects the system default #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL) #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Memory - shared_buffers = 64MB # min 128kB or max_connections*16kB # (change requires restart) #temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB #max_prepared_transactions = 5 # can be 0 or more # (change requires restart) # Note: increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory # per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). work_mem = 2MB # min 64kB maintenance_work_mem = 32MB # min 1MB #max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB # - Free Space Map - max_fsm_pages = 204800 # min max_fsm_relations*16, 6 bytes each # (change requires restart) #max_fsm_relations = 1000 # min 100, ~70 bytes each # (change requires restart) # - Kernel Resource Usage - #max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25 # (change requires restart) #shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart) # - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay - #vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-1000 milliseconds #vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 0-10000 credits # - Background writer - #bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds #bgwriter_lru_percent = 1.0 # 0-100% of LRU buffers scanned/round #bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 5 # 0-1000 buffers max written/round #bgwriter_all_percent = 0.333 # 0-100% of all buffers scanned/round #bgwriter_all_maxpages = 5 # 0-1000 buffers max written/round #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # WRITE AHEAD LOG #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Settings - fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off #wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option # supported by the operating system: # open_datasync # fdatasync # fsync # fsync_writethrough # open_sync #full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes #wal_buffers = 64kB # min 32kB # (change requires restart) commit_delay = 100000 # range 0-100000, in microseconds #commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000 # - Checkpoints - checkpoint_segments = 10 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each #checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h #checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 is off # - Archiving - #archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment #archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this # many seconds; 0 is off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # QUERY TUNING #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Planner Method Configuration - #enable_bitmapscan = on #enable_hashagg = on #enable_hashjoin = on #enable_indexscan = on #enable_mergejoin = on #enable_nestloop = on #enable_seqscan = on #enable_sort = on #enable_tidscan = on # - Planner Cost Constants - #seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale #random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above #cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above #cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above #cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above #effective_cache_size = 128MB # - Genetic Query Optimizer - #geqo = on #geqo_threshold = 12 #geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10 #geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0 # - Other Planner Options - #default_statistics_target = 10 # range 1-1000 #constraint_exclusion = off #from_collapse_limit = 8 #join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit # JOINs #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Where to Log - log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of # stderr, syslog and eventlog, # depending on platform. # This is used when logging to stderr: redirect_stderr = on # Enable capturing of stderr into log # files # (change requires restart) # These are only used if redirect_stderr is on: log_directory = '../../logs' # Directory where log files are written # Can be absolute or relative to PGDATA log_filename = 'hqdb-%Y-%m-%d.log' # Log file name pattern. # Can include strftime() escapes #log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, any existing log file of the same # name as the new log file will be # truncated rather than appended to. But # such truncation only occurs on # time-driven rotation, not on restarts # or size-driven rotation. Default is # off, meaning append to existing files # in all cases. log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that time. 0 to # disable. #log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that much log # output. 0 to disable. # These are relevant when logging to syslog: #syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0' #syslog_ident = 'postgres' # - When to Log - #client_min_messages = notice # Values, in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # log # notice # warning # error #log_min_messages = notice # Values, in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # log # fatal # panic #log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages #log_min_error_statement = error # Values in order of increasing severity: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # fatal # panic (effectively off) log_min_duration_statement = 10000 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements # and their durations. #silent_mode = off # DO NOT USE without syslog or # redirect_stderr # (change requires restart) # - What to Log - #debug_print_parse = off #debug_print_rewritten = off #debug_print_plan = off #debug_pretty_print = off #log_connections = off #log_disconnections = off #log_duration = off #log_line_prefix = '' # Special values: # %u = user name # %d = database name # %r = remote host and port # %h = remote host # %p = PID # %t = timestamp (no milliseconds) # %m = timestamp with milliseconds # %i = command tag # %c = session id # %l = session line number # %s = session start timestamp # %x = transaction id # %q = stop here in non-session # processes # %% = '%' # e.g. '<%u%%%d> ' #log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all #log_hostname = off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # RUNTIME STATISTICS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Query/Index Statistics Collector - #stats_command_string = on #update_process_title = on stats_start_collector = on # needed for block or row stats # (change requires restart) stats_block_level = on stats_row_level = on stats_reset_on_server_start = off # (change requires restart) # - Statistics Monitoring - #log_parser_stats = off #log_planner_stats = off #log_executor_stats = off #log_statement_stats = off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #autovacuum = off # enable autovacuum subprocess? # 'on' requires stats_start_collector # and stats_row_level to also be on #autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs #autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 500 # min # of tuple updates before # vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 250 # min # of tuple updates before # analyze #autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of rel size before # vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of rel size before # analyze #autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum # (change requires restart) #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = -1 # default vacuum cost delay for # autovacuum, -1 means use # vacuum_cost_delay #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for # autovacuum, -1 means use # vacuum_cost_limit #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Statement Behavior - #search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names #default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses # the default #check_function_bodies = on #default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed' #default_transaction_read_only = off #statement_timeout = 0 # 0 is disabled #vacuum_freeze_min_age = 100000000 # - Locale and Formatting - datestyle = 'iso, mdy' #timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ # environment setting #timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # select the set of available timezone # abbreviations. Currently, there are # Default # Australia # India # However you can also create your own # file in share/timezonesets/. #extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 2 #client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database # encoding # These settings are initialized by initdb -- they might be changed lc_messages = 'C' # locale for system error message # strings lc_monetary = 'C' # locale for monetary formatting lc_numeric = 'C' # locale for number formatting lc_time = 'C' # locale for time formatting # - Other Defaults - #explain_pretty_print = on #dynamic_library_path = '$libdir' #local_preload_libraries = '' #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # LOCK MANAGEMENT #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #deadlock_timeout = 1s #max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10 # (change requires restart) # Note: each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are # max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions) # lock table slots. #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # - Previous Postgres Versions - #add_missing_from = off #array_nulls = on #backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding #default_with_oids = off #escape_string_warning = on #standard_conforming_strings = off #regex_flavor = advanced # advanced, extended, or basic #sql_inheritance = on # - Other Platforms & Clients - #transform_null_equals = off #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #custom_variable_classes = '' # list of custom variable class names SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity; datid | datname | procpid | usesysid | usename | current_query | waiting | query_start | backend_start | client_addr | client_port -------+---------+---------+----------+---------+---------------------------------+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------+------------- 16384 | hqdb | 3267 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.036781+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.02413+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47892 16384 | hqdb | 3268 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.050994+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.047393+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47893 16384 | hqdb | 3269 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.056661+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.053201+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47894 16384 | hqdb | 3271 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.062351+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.058822+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47895 16384 | hqdb | 3272 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.068328+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.064517+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47896 16384 | hqdb | 3273 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.07444+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.070755+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47897 16384 | hqdb | 3274 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.080941+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.076983+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47898 16384 | hqdb | 3275 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.08741+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.083697+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47899 16384 | hqdb | 3276 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.093597+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.089977+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47900 16384 | hqdb | 3277 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> in transaction | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.133974+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:20.096149+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47901 16384 | hqdb | 3308 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-09 10:49:27.402197+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.826321+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47902 16384 | hqdb | 3309 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.572395+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.865243+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47903 16384 | hqdb | 3310 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.586273+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.874346+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47904 16384 | hqdb | 3311 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-09 10:10:03.024088+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.883598+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47905 16384 | hqdb | 3312 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> in transaction | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:35.804457+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:29.892925+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47906 16384 | hqdb | 3418 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.580207+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.56911+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47910 16384 | hqdb | 3419 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.59781+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.588609+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47911 16384 | hqdb | 3422 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-09 10:10:02.668836+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.603076+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47914 16384 | hqdb | 3421 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.770427+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.603086+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47913 16384 | hqdb | 3420 | 10 | hqadmin | <IDLE> | f | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.680785+01 | 2011-02-08 15:51:55.637058+01 | 127.0.0.1 | 47912 16384 | hqdb | 18233 | 10 | hqadmin | SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity; | f | 2011-02-09 10:49:29.688949+01 | 2011-02-09 10:48:13.031475+01 | | -1 (21 rows)

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• SBS 2008 SP2 Backup - Volume Shadow Copy Operation Failed

  - by Robert Ortisi

  Server Setup Exchange 2007 Version: 08.03.0192.001 (Rollup 4) Windows Small Business Server 2008 SP2 (Rollup 5) Exchange set up on D: drive (449 GB / 698 GB Free) 80 GB / 148 GB Free on OS drive. Issue Backup Failure (VSS related) Backup Software Windows Server Backup (ver 1.0) Simplified Error Creation of the shared protection point timed out. Unknown error (0x81000101) The flush and hold writes operation on volume C: timed out while waiting for a release writes command. Volume Shadow Copy Warning: VSS spent 43 seconds trying to flush and hold the volume \?\Volume{b562a5dd-8246-11de-a75b-806e6f6e6963}. This might cause problems when other volumes in the shadow-copy set timeout waiting for the release-writes phase, and it can cause the shadow-copy creation to fail. Trying again when disk activity is lower may solve this problem. What I've tried Server Reboot. Updated Server and Exchange. ReConfigured Sharepoint (Helped resolve last vss error I encountered). registered VSS Dll's (Backups will sometimes work afterwards but VSS writers fail soon after). Tried Implementing Hotfix: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/956136 Tried Implementing Hotfix: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/972135 I left it for a few days and a few backups came through but then began to fail again. Detailed Information Log Name: Application Source: VSS Date: 16/11/2011 8:02:11 PM Event ID: 12341 Task Category: None Level: Warning Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: SERVER.DOMAIN.local Description: Volume Shadow Copy Warning: VSS spent 43 seconds trying to flush and hold the volume \?\Volume{b562a5dd-8246-11de-a75b-806e6f6e6963}. This might cause problems when other volumes in the shadow-copy set timeout waiting for the release-writes phase, and it can cause the shadow-copy creation to fail. Trying again when disk activity is lower may solve this problem. Operation: Executing Asynchronous Operation Context: Current State: flush-and-hold writes Volume Name: \?\Volume{b562a5dd-8246-11de-a75b-806e6f6e6963}\ Event Xml: 12341 3 0 0x80000000000000 1651049 Application SERVER.DOMAIN.local 43 \?\Volume{b562a5dd-8246-11de-a75b-806e6f6e6963}\ Operation: Executing Asynchronous Operation Context: Current State: flush-and-hold writes Volume Name: \?\Volume{b562a5dd-8246-11de-a75b-806e6f6e6963}\ ================================================================================= Log Name: System Source: volsnap Date: 16/11/2011 8:02:11 PM Event ID: 8 Task Category: None Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: SERVER.DOMAIN.local Description: The flush and hold writes operation on volume C: timed out while waiting for a release writes command. Event Xml: 8 2 0 0x80000000000000 987135 System SERVER.DOMAIN.local ================================================================================== Log Name: Application Source: Microsoft-Windows-Backup Date: 16/11/2011 8:11:18 PM Event ID: 521 Task Category: None Level: Error Keywords: User: SYSTEM Computer: SERVER.DOMAIN.local Description: Backup started at '16/11/2011 9:00:35 AM' failed as Volume Shadow copy operation failed for backup volumes with following error code '2155348001'. Please rerun backup once issue is resolved. Event Xml: 521 0 2 0 0 0x8000000000000000 1651065 Application SERVER.DOMAIN.local 2011-11-16T09:00:35.446Z 2155348001 %%2155348001 ================================================================================== Writer name: 'FRS Writer' Writer Id: {d76f5a28-3092-4589-ba48-2958fb88ce29} Writer Instance Id: {ba047fc6-9ce8-44ba-b59f-f2f8c07708aa} State: [5] Waiting for completion Last error: No error Writer name: 'ASR Writer' Writer Id: {be000cbe-11fe-4426-9c58-531aa6355fc4} Writer Instance Id: {0aace3e2-c840-4572-bf49-7fcc3fbcf56d} State: [1] Stable Last error: No error Writer name: 'Shadow Copy Optimization Writer' Writer Id: {4dc3bdd4-ab48-4d07-adb0-3bee2926fd7f} Writer Instance Id: {054593e2-2086-4480-92e5-30386509ed1b} State: [1] Stable Last error: No error Writer name: 'Registry Writer' Writer Id: {afbab4a2-367d-4d15-a586-71dbb18f8485} Writer Instance Id: {840e6f5f-f35a-4b65-bb20-060cf2ee892a} State: [1] Stable Last error: No error Writer name: 'COM+ REGDB Writer' Writer Id: {542da469-d3e1-473c-9f4f-7847f01fc64f} Writer Instance Id: {9486bedc-f6e8-424b-b563-8b849d51b1e1} State: [1] Stable Last error: No error Writer name: 'BITS Writer' Writer Id: {4969d978-be47-48b0-b100-f328f07ac1e0} Writer Instance Id: {29368bb3-e04b-4404-8fc9-e62dae18da91} State: [1] Stable Last error: No error Writer name: 'Dhcp Jet Writer' Writer Id: {be9ac81e-3619-421f-920f-4c6fea9e93ad} Writer Instance Id: {cfb58c78-9609-4133-8fc8-f66b0d25e12d} State: [5] Waiting for completion Last error: No error ==================================================================================

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• Strange DNS issue with internal Windows DNS

  - by Brady

  I've encountered a strange issue with our internal Windows DNS infrastructure. We have a website hosted on Amazon EC2 with the DNS running on Amazon Route 53. In the publicly facing DNS we have the wildcard record setup as an A record Alias pointing to an AWS Elastic Load Balancer sitting in front of our EC2 instances. For those who are not aware, the A record Alias behaves like a CNAME record, however no extra lookup is required on the client side (See http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/CreatingAliasRRSets.html for more information). We have a secondary domain that has the www subdomain as a CNAME pointing to a subdomain on the primary domain, which resolves against the wildcard entry. For example the subdomain www.secondary.com is a CNAME to sub1.primary.com, but there is no explicit entry for sub1.primary.com, so it resolves to wildcard record. This setup work without issue publicly. The issue comes in our internal DNS at our corporate office where we use the same primary domain for some internal only facing sites. In this setup we have two Active Directory DNS servers with one Server 2003 and one Server 2008 R2 instance. The zone is an AD integrated zone, but it is not the AD domain. In the internal DNS we have the wildcard record pointing to a third external domain, that is also hosted on Route 53 with an A record Alias pointing to the same ELB instance. For example, *.primary.com is a CNAME to tertiary.com, so in effect you have www.secondary.com as a CNAME to *.primary.com, which is a CNAME to tertiary.com. In this setup, attempting to resolve www.secondary.com will fail. Clearing the cache on the Server 2003 instance will allow it to resolve once, but subsequent attempts will fail. It fails even with a clean cache against the 2008 R2 server. It seems that only Windows clients are affected. A Mac running OSX Mountain Lion does not experience this issue. I'm even able to replicate the issue using nslookup. Against the 2003 server, with a freshly cleaned cache, I recieve the appropriate response from www.secondary.com: Non-authoritative answer: Name: subdomain.primary.com Address: x.x.x.x (Public IP) Aliases: www.secondary.com Subsequent checks simply return: Non-authoritative answer: Name: www.secondary.com If you set the type to CNAME you get the appropriate responses all the time. www.secondary.com gives you: Non-authoritative answer: www.secondary.com canonical name = subdomain.primary.com And subdomain.primary.com gives you: subdomain.primary.com canonical name = tertiary.com And setting type back to A gives you the appropriate response for tertiary.com: Non-authoritative answer: Name: tertiary.com Address: x.x.x.x (Public IP) Against the 2008 R2 server things are a little different. Even with a clean cache, www.secondary.com returns just: Non-authoritative answer: Name: www.secondary.com The CNAME records are returned appropriately. www.secondary.com returns: Non-authoritative answer: www.secondary.com canonical name = subdomain.primary.com And subdomain.primary.com gives you: subdomain.primary.com canonical name = tertiary.com tertiary.com internet address = x.x.x.x (Public IP) tertiary.com AAAA IPv6 address = x::x (Public IPv6) And setting type back to A gives you the appropriate response for tertiary.com: Non-authoritative answer: Name: tertiary.com Address: x.x.x.x (Public IP) Requests directly against subdomain.primary.com work correctly.

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• Useful software for netbook?

  - by Moayad Mardini

  I'm looking for recommendations of good software that are particularly useful for netbooks. Software that run great on small screens and low CPU/RAM requirments. I'll start off with the following : Operating Systems: Ubuntu Netbook Remix. Easy Peasy: A fork of Ubuntu Netbook Remix that was once called UBuntu EEE. It isn't just for eeePCs though. Definitely worth a look if vanilla Netbook Remix isn't cutting it. (MarkM) Damn Small Linux (Source) Windows 7: With trimming the installation or compressing the Windows directory to fit on an 8GB SSD. (Will Eddins) nLite: A utility to install a lightweight version of Windows XP without the unnecessary components (like Media Player, Internet Explorer, Outlook Express, MSN Explorer, Messenger...). Utilites: TouchFreeze: To disable the touch pad while typing (Source) InSSIDer: Not only does it make it easier to find and keep a wireless connection, but it turns a netbook into the perfect mobile tool for troubleshooting wireless networks. (phenry) AltMove: Adds more functionality to your mouse for interacting with windows. (Rob) ASUS Font Resizer Utility and other tools by ASUS, specific to ASUS Eee PC series. Internet: Run FileZilla FTP client for a small screen : You can hide a lot of FileZilla's interface parts in the View menu, even the directory trees. Go into Settings = Interface and move the message log next to the transfer queue, if you haven't hidden them both or you want to see them. Select a theme with 16x16 icons. (Source) IDEs and Text Editors: Best lightweight IDE/Text Editor: A question on Stack Overflow that has many good suggestions of IDEs and general text editors for programmers. What’s a good linux C/C++ IDE for a low-res screen?: IDEs for Linux-powered netbooks. Online tools: Dropbox: Since the Netbook has limited disk space, you would like to use Cloud Apps like Dropbox and Ubuntu One so that you don't run out of space especially if you are on a holiday. Later when you go back to your desktop with big hard disk,you can take out the files from your dropbox repo. (Manish Sinha) Google products: like Docs, Calendar and Reader (aviraldg) Web sites and software lists: Netbookfiles.com: Netbook specific software downloads. Software Apps to Maximise your Netbook Battery Power: Netbooks are known for their portability. Not only are they small and lightweight but with their increased power efficiency, batteries can last much longer than conventional laptops. This also means you no longer have to carry a power adapter with you! Several brands emphasis the longevity of the battery as a strong selling point, and for those people who travel a lot, it sure is. Free Must-Have Netbook Apps: Finding software for netbooks can present challenges due to limited hard drive space, processor power, RAM, and screen real-estate. That doesn't mean you have to do without essential programs. The apps below cover all the bases -- entertainment, productivity, security, and communication -- without compromising on performance or usability. Best of all, they're free! Useful Netbook Software: With short battery lives and small resolution screens Netbooks, unlike many other computers on the market, could so with some specific software for their use. Now, not all of those I’ve found are specifically designed for Netbooks, but all are relevant. And they’re designed for Windows XP. The question is community wiki, so feel free to edit it. Updated, thank you all for suggestions.

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• Long pause when accessing DFS namespace

  - by Matt

  We've recently migrated our Windows network to use DFS for shared files. DFS is working well, except for one annoying problem: users experience a significant delay when they try to access a DFS namespace that they have not accessed for some time. I have tried to troubleshoot the issue but have not had any success so far, and I was hoping someone here may have some pointers to help resolve the problem. Firstly, some background on our network: The network uses a Windows 2008 functional level Active Directory domain with two Windows 2008 DCs and two DNS servers (one on each of the DCs). The network is DNS only - no WINS. All computers are located at the same site and connected by Gigabit Ethernet. We have approximately 20 Domain-based DFS namespaces in Windows 2008 mode, and each DFS namespace has two Windows 2008 DFS namespace servers (the same two servers for all namespaces). All namespace servers are in FQDN mode and all folder targets are specified using their FQDN. All computers are up-to-date with Service Packs and patches. The actual folder targets (i.e. the SMB shares our DFS folders point to) are scattered across several file and application servers, all running Windows 2008 bar two application servers which run Windows 2003 R2, with no replication setup at all (e.g. all DFS folders currently only have one folder target). Some more detail on the problem: The namespace access delay is generally 1 - 10 seconds long and seems to occur when a particular computer has not accessed the requested namespace for approximately five minutes or more. For example, if the user has not accessed \\domain.name\namespace1\ for more than five minutes and attempts to access \\domain.name\namespace1\ via Windows Explorer, the Explorer window will freeze for 1 - 10 seconds before finally resuming and displaying the folders that exist in \\domain.name\namespace1. If they then close the Explorer window and attempt to access \\domain.name\namespace1\ again within five minutes the contents will be displayed almost instantly - if they wait longer than five minutes it will go through the 1 - 10 second pause again. Once "inside" the namespace everything is nice and snappy, it's just the initial connection to the namespace that is slow. The browsing delays seem to affect all variants of Windows that we use (Windows 2008 x64 SP2, Windows 2003 R2 x86 SP2, Windows XP Pro x86 SP3) - it is possibly a bit worse in Windows XP / 2003 than in Windows 2008, but I'm not sure if the difference isn't just psychological. Accessing the underlying folder targets directly exhibits no delay at all - i.e. if the SMB shares pointed to by DFS are accessed directly (bypassing DFS) then there is no pause. During trouble-shooting I noticed that the "Cache duration" for all of our DFS roots is set to 300 seconds - 5 minutes. Given that this is the same amount of time required to trigger the pause I assume that this caching is somehow related, although I am unsure exactly what is cached on the client and hence what needs to be looked up again after 5 minutes have elapsed. In trying to resolve the problem I have already tried / checked the following (without success): Run dcdiag on both Domain Controllers - no problems found Done some basic DNS server checks without finding any problems - I don't know how to check the DNS servers in detail, but I would add that the network is not exhibiting any other strange behavior that may point to a DNS problem Disabled Anti-virus on clients and servers Removing one of the namespace servers from a couple of namespaces - no difference So that's where I'm up to - and I'm out of ideas. Can anyone suggest what may be causing the delays and/or what I should be trying next?

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• Red Hat Yum not working out of the box?

  - by Tucker

  I have a server runnning Red Hat Enterprise Linux v5.6 in the cloud. My project constraints do not allow me to use another OS. When I created the cloud server, I was able to SSH into it and access the shell. I next ran the command: sudo yum update But the command failed. About a month ago I created another server with the same machine image and didn't have that error. Why is it failing now? The following is the terminal output sudo yum update Loaded plugins: security Repository rhel-server is listed more than once in the configuration Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/yum", line 29, in ? yummain.user_main(sys.argv[1:], exit_code=True) File "/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py", line 309, in user_main errcode = main(args) File "/usr/share/yum-cli/yummain.py", line 178, in main result, resultmsgs = base.doCommands() File "/usr/share/yum-cli/cli.py", line 345, in doCommands self._getTs(needTsRemove) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/depsolve.py", line 101, in _getTs self._getTsInfo(remove_only) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/depsolve.py", line 112, in _getTsInfo pkgSack = self.pkgSack File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/__init__.py", line 662, in <lambda> pkgSack = property(fget=lambda self: self._getSacks(), File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/__init__.py", line 502, in _getSacks self.repos.populateSack(which=repos) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/repos.py", line 260, in populateSack sack.populate(repo, mdtype, callback, cacheonly) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 168, in populate if self._check_db_version(repo, mydbtype): File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 226, in _check_db_version return repo._check_db_version(mdtype) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1233, in _check_db_version repoXML = self.repoXML File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1406, in <lambda> repoXML = property(fget=lambda self: self._getRepoXML(), File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1398, in _getRepoXML self._loadRepoXML(text=self) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1388, in _loadRepoXML return self._groupLoadRepoXML(text, ["primary"]) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1372, in _groupLoadRepoXML if self._commonLoadRepoXML(text): File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 1208, in _commonLoadRepoXML result = self._getFileRepoXML(local, text) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 989, in _getFileRepoXML cache=self.http_caching == 'all') File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/yum/yumRepo.py", line 826, in _getFile http_headers=headers, File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/urlgrabber/mirror.py", line 412, in urlgrab return self._mirror_try(func, url, kw) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/urlgrabber/mirror.py", line 398, in _mirror_try return func_ref( *(fullurl,), **kwargs ) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 936, in urlgrab return self._retry(opts, retryfunc, url, filename) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 854, in _retry r = apply(func, (opts,) + args, {}) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 922, in retryfunc fo = URLGrabberFileObject(url, filename, opts) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 1010, in __init__ self._do_open() File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 1093, in _do_open fo, hdr = self._make_request(req, opener) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 1202, in _make_request fo = opener.open(req) File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/urllib2.py", line 358, in open response = self._open(req, data) File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/urllib2.py", line 376, in _open '_open', req) File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/urllib2.py", line 337, in _call_chain result = func(*args) File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/M2Crypto/m2urllib2.py", line 82, in https_open h.request(req.get_method(), req.get_selector(), req.data, headers) File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 810, in request self._send_request(method, url, body, headers) File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 833, in _send_request self.endheaders() File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 804, in endheaders self._send_output() File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 685, in _send_output self.send(msg) File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 652, in send self.connect() File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/M2Crypto/httpslib.py", line 47, in connect self.sock.connect((self.host, self.port)) File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/M2Crypto/SSL/Connection.py", line 174, in connect ret = self.connect_ssl() File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/M2Crypto/SSL/Connection.py", line 167, in connect_ssl return m2.ssl_connect(self.ssl, self._timeout) M2Crypto.SSL.SSLError: certificate verify failed

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• How can I automatically update Flash Player whenever a new version is released? [closed]

  - by user219950

  Summary: Flash Player Update Service doesn't run on a reliable schedule, and doesn't automatically download and apply updates when it does run. Given the importance of having an up-to-date version of Flash Player installed (for those of us who don't use Chrome with its built-in player), I would like to find a way to ensure that new updates are promptly detected and installed. What follows are the details of my efforts to solve this problem on my own... Appendix A: Flash Player Update Service OK, way back in Flash Player 11.2 (or so?) Adobe added the Flash Player Update Service (FlashPlayerUpdateService.exe), it was supposed to keep the Flash Player updated... Upon installation, FPUS is configured to run as a Windows Service, with Start Type set to Manual. A Scheduled Task (Adobe Flash Player Updater.job) is added to start this service every hour. So far, so good - this set-up avoids having a constantly-running service, but makes sure that the checks are run often enough to catch any updates quickly. Google's software updater is configured in a similar fashion, and that works just fine... ...And yet, when I checked the version of my installed Flash Player, I found it was 11.6.602.180, which, based on looking at the timestamps of the files in C:\Windows\System32\Macromed\Flash was last updated (or installed) on Tue, Mar 12, 2013 --- 3/12/13, 5:00:08pm. I made this observation on Thu, Apr 25, 2013 --- 4/25/13, 7:00:00pm, and upon checking Adobe's website found that the current version of Flash Player was 11.7.700.169. That's over a month since the last update, with a new one clearly available on the website but with no indication that the hourly check running on my machine has noticed it or has any intention of downloading it. Appendix B: running the Flash Player updater manually Once upon a time, running FlashUtil32_<version_Plugin.exe -update plugin would give you a window with an Install button; pressing it would download the installer for the current version (automatically, without opening a browser) and run it, then you'd click thru that installer & be done. It was manual, but it worked! Finding my current installation out of date (see Appendix A), I first tried this manual update process. However... Running FlashUtil32_<version_ActiveX.exe -update activex (in my case, that's FlashUtil32_11_6_602_180_ActiveX.exe -update activex) ...only presents a window with a Download button, clicking that Download button opens my browser to the URL https://get3.adobe.com/flashplayer/update/activex. Running FlashUtil32_<version_Plugin.exe -update plugin (in my case, that's FlashUtil32_11_6_602_180_Plugin.exe -update plugin) ...only presents a window with a Download button, clicking that Download button opens my browser to the URL https://get3.adobe.com/flashplayer/update/plugin. I could continue with the Download page it sent me to, uncheck the foistware box ("Free! McAfee Security Scan Plus"), download that installer (ActiveX, no foistware: install_flashplayer11x32axau_mssd_aih.exe, Plugin, no foistware: install_flashplayer11x32au_mssd_aih.exe) & probably have an updated Flash...but then, what is the point of the Flash Player Update Service if I have to manually download & run another exe? Epilogue I've since come to suspect that the update service is intentionally hobbled to drive early adopters to the manual download page. If this is true, there's probably no solution to this short of writing my own updater; hopefully I am wrong.

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• Postfix/SMTPD Relay Access Denied when sending outside the network

  - by David

  I asked a very similar question some 4 or 5 months ago, but haven't tracked down a suitable answer. I decided to post a new question so that I can ... a) Post updated info b) post my most current postconf -n output When a user sends mail from inside the network (via webmail) to email addresses both inside and outside the network, the email is delivered. When a user with an email account on the system sends mail from outside the network, using the server as the relay, to addresses inside the network, the email is delivered. But [sometimes] when a user connects via SMTPD to send email to an external address, a Relay Access Denied error is returned: Feb 25 19:33:49 myers postfix/smtpd[8044]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from host-68-169-158-182.WISOLT2.epbfi.com[68.169.158.182]: 554 5.7.1 <host-68-169-158-182.WISOLT2.epbfi.com[68.169.158.182]>: Client host rejected: Access denied; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<my-computer-name> Feb 25 19:33:52 myers postfix/smtpd[8044]: disconnect from host-68-169-158-182.WISOLT2.epbfi.com[68.169.158.182] Sending this through Microsoft Outlook 2003 generates the above log. However, sending through my iPhone, with the exact same settings, goes through fine: Feb 25 19:37:18 myers postfix/qmgr[3619]: A2D861302C9: from=<[email protected]>, size=1382, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Feb 25 19:37:18 myers amavis[2799]: (02799-09) FWD via SMTP: <[email protected]> -> <[email protected]>,BODY=7BIT 250 2.0.0 Ok, id=02799-09, from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as A2D861302C9 Feb 25 19:37:18 myers amavis[2799]: (02799-09) Passed CLEAN, [68.169.158.182] [68.169.158.182] <[email protected]> -> <[email protected]>, Message-ID: <[email protected]>, mail_id: yMLvzVQJloFV, Hits: -9.607, size: 897, queued_as: A2D861302C9, 6283 ms Feb 25 19:37:18 myers postfix/lmtp[8752]: 2ED3A1302C8: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=6.6, delays=0.25/0.01/0.19/6.1, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok, id=02799-09, from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as A2D861302C9) Feb 25 19:37:18 myers postfix/qmgr[3619]: 2ED3A1302C8: removed Outgoing Settings on Outlook 2003 match the settings on my iPhone: SMTP server: mail.my-domain.com Username: My full email address Uses SSL Server Port 587 Now, here's postconf -n. I realize the "My Networks" Parameter is a bit nasty. I have these IP addresses in here for just this reason, as others have been complaining of this problem too: alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_maps = $alias_database append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = amavisfeed:[127.0.0.1]:10024 daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 disable_vrfy_command = yes html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all mail_owner = postfix mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq manpage_directory = /usr/share/man message_size_limit = 20480000 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost, localhost.$mydomain mydomain = my-domain.com myhostname = myers.my-domain.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 74.125.113.27, 74.125.82.49, 74.125.79.27, 209.85.161.0/24, 209.85.214.0/24, 209.85.216.0/24, 209.85.212.0/24, 209.85.160.0/24 myorigin = $myhostname newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES receive_override_options = no_address_mappings recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = $mydestination sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail setgid_group = postdrop smtp_bind_address = my-primary-server's IP address smtpd_banner = mail.my-domain.com smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver/postfix.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver/private/postfix.pem smtpd_tls_loglevel = 3 smtpd_tls_received_header = no smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 554 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-email2email.cf virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf virtual_minimum_uid = 5000 virtual_transport = dovecot virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 If anyone has any ideas and can help me finally solve this issue once and for all, I'd be eternally grateful.

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• Problem Disabling Roaming Profiles on Grouped Users

  - by user43207

  I'm having some serious issues getting a group of users to stop using roaming profiles. As expected, I have roaming profiles enabled accross the domain. - But am doing GPO filtering, limiting the scope. I originally had it set to authenticated users for Roaming, but as the domain has branched out to multiple locations, I've limited the scope to only people that are near the central office. The GPO that I have linked filtered to a group I have created that include users that I don't want to have roaming profiles. This GPO is sitting at the root of the domain, with the "Forced" setting enabled, so it should override any setting below it. *On a side note, it is the ONLY GPO that I have set to "Forced" right now. I know the GPO is working, since I can see the original registy settings on a user that logged in under roaming profiles - and then that same user logging in after I made the Group Policy changes, the registry reflects a local profile. But unfortunately, even after making those settings - the user is given a roaming profile on one of the servers. A gpresult of that same user account (after the updated gpo) is listed in the code block below. You can see right at the top of that output, that it is infact dealing with a roaming profile. - And sure enough, on the server that's hosting the file share for roaming profiles, it creates a folder for the user once they log in. For testing purposes, I've deleted all copies of the user's profile, roaming and local. But the problem is still here. - So I'm aparently missing something in the group policy settings on a wider scale. Would anybody be able to point me in the direction of what I'm missing here? *gpresult /r*** Microsoft (R) Windows (R) Operating System Group Policy Result tool v2.0 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp. 1981-2001 Created On 5/15/2010 at 8:59:00 AM RSOP data for ** on * : Logging Mode OS Configuration: Member Workstation OS Version: 6.1.7600 Site Name: N/A Roaming Profile: \\profiles$** Local Profile: C:\Users*** Connected over a slow link?: No USER SETTINGS CN=*****,OU=*****,OU=*****,OU=*****,DC=*****,DC=***** Last time Group Policy was applied: 5/15/2010 at 8:52:02 AM Group Policy was applied from: *****.*****.com Group Policy slow link threshold: 500 kbps Domain Name: USSLINDSTROM Domain Type: Windows 2000 Applied Group Policy Objects ----------------------------- ForceLocalProfilesOnly InternetExplorer_***** GlobalPasswordPolicy The following GPOs were not applied because they were filtered out ------------------------------------------------------------------- DAgentFirewallExceptions Filtering: Denied (Security) WSAdmin_***** Filtering: Denied (Security) NetlogonFirewallExceptions Filtering: Not Applied (Empty) NetLogon_***** Filtering: Denied (Security) WSUSUpdateScheduleManualInstall Filtering: Denied (Security) WSUSUpdateScheduleDaily_0300 Filtering: Denied (Security) WSUSUpdateScheduleThu_0100 Filtering: Denied (Security) AlternateSSLFirewallExceptions Filtering: Denied (Security) SNMPFirewallExceptions Filtering: Denied (Security) WSUSUpdateScheduleSun_0100 Filtering: Denied (Security) SQLServerFirewallExceptions Filtering: Denied (Security) WSUSUpdateScheduleTue_0100 Filtering: Denied (Security) WSUSUpdateScheduleSat_0100 Filtering: Denied (Security) DisableUAC Filtering: Denied (Security) ICMPFirewallExceptions Filtering: Denied (Security) AdminShareFirewallExceptions Filtering: Denied (Security) GPRefreshInterval Filtering: Denied (Security) ServeRAIDFirewallExceptions Filtering: Denied (Security) WSUSUpdateScheduleFri_0100 Filtering: Denied (Security) BlockFirewallExceptions(8400-8410) Filtering: Denied (Security) WSUSUpdateScheduleWed_0100 Filtering: Denied (Security) Local Group Policy Filtering: Not Applied (Empty) WSUS_***** Filtering: Denied (Security) LogonAsService_Idaho Filtering: Denied (Security) ReportServerFirewallExceptions Filtering: Denied (Security) WSUSUpdateScheduleMon_0100 Filtering: Denied (Security) TFSFirewallExceptions Filtering: Denied (Security) Default Domain Policy Filtering: Not Applied (Empty) DenyServerSideRoamingProfiles Filtering: Denied (Security) ShareConnectionsRemainAlive Filtering: Denied (Security) The user is a part of the following security groups --------------------------------------------------- Domain Users Everyone BUILTIN\Users BUILTIN\Administrators NT AUTHORITY\INTERACTIVE CONSOLE LOGON NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users This Organization LOCAL *****Users VPNAccess_***** NetAdmin_***** SiteAdmin_***** WSAdmin_***** VPNAccess_***** LocalProfileOnly_***** NetworkAdmin_***** LocalProfileOnly_***** VPNAccess_***** NetAdmin_***** Domain Admins WSAdmin_***** WSAdmin_***** ***** ***** Schema Admins ***** Enterprise Admins Denied RODC Password Replication Group High Mandatory Level

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• iptables not allowing mysql connections to aliased ips?

  - by Curtis

  I have a fairly simple iptables firewall on a server that provides MySQL services, but iptables seems to be giving me very inconsistent results. The default policy on the script is as follows: iptables -P INPUT DROP I can then make MySQL public with the following rule: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT With this rule in place, I can connect to MySQL from any source IP to any destination IP on the server without a problem. However, when I try to restrict access to just three IPs by replacing the above line with the following, I run into trouble (xxx=masked octect): iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -m state --state NEW -s 208.XXX.XXX.184 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -m state --state NEW -s 208.XXX.XXX.196 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -m state --state NEW -s 208.XXX.XXX.251 -j ACCEPT Once the above rules are in place, the following happens: I can connect to the MySQL server from the .184, .196 and .251 hosts just fine as long as am connecting to the MySQL server using it's default IP address or an IP alias in the same subnet as the default IP address. I am unable to connect to MySQL using IP aliases that are assigned to the server from a different subnet than the server's default IP when I'm coming from the .184 or .196 hosts, but .251 works just fine. From the .184 or .196 hosts, a telnet attempt just hangs... # telnet 209.xxx.xxx.22 3306 Trying 209.xxx.xxx.22... If I remove the .251 line (making .196 the last rule added), the .196 host still can not connect to MySQL using IP aliases (so it's not the order of the rules that is causing the inconsistent behavior). I know, this particular test was silly as it shouldn't matter what order these three rules are added in, but I figured someone might ask. If I switch back to the "public" rule, all hosts can connect to the MySQL server using either the default or aliased IPs (in either subnet): iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT The server is running in a CentOS 5.4 OpenVZ/Proxmox container (2.6.32-4-pve). And, just in case you prefer to see the problem rules in the context of the iptables script, here it is (xxx=masked octect): # Flush old rules, old custom tables /sbin/iptables --flush /sbin/iptables --delete-chain # Set default policies for all three default chains /sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP /sbin/iptables -P FORWARD DROP /sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # Enable free use of loopback interfaces /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # All TCP sessions should begin with SYN /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # Accept inbound TCP packets (Do this *before* adding the 'blocked' chain) /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow the server's own IP to connect to itself /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 208.xxx.xxx.178 -j ACCEPT # Add the 'blocked' chain *after* we've accepted established/related connections # so we remain efficient and only evaluate new/inbound connections /sbin/iptables -N BLOCKED /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -j BLOCKED # Accept inbound ICMP messages /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p ICMP --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p ICMP --icmp-type 11 -j ACCEPT # ssh (private) /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -s xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -j ACCEPT # ftp (private) /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -m state --state NEW -s xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -j ACCEPT # www (public) /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # smtp (public) /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 2525 -j ACCEPT # pop (public) /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT # mysql (private) /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -m state --state NEW -s 208.xxx.xxx.184 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -m state --state NEW -s 208.xxx.xxx.196 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -m state --state NEW -s 208.xxx.xxx.251 -j ACCEPT Any ideas? Thanks in advance. :-)

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• Is there really a need for encryption to have true wireless security? [closed]

  - by Cawas

  I welcome better key-wording here, both on tags and title. I'm trying to conceive a free, open and secure network environment that would work anywhere, from big enterprises to small home networks of just 1 machine. I think since wireless Access Points are the most, if not only, true weak point of a Local Area Network (let's not consider every other security aspect of having internet) there would be basically two points to consider here: Having an open AP for anyone to use the internet through Leaving the whole LAN also open for guests to be able to easily read (only) files on it, and even a place to drop files on Considering these two aspects, once everything is done properly... What's the most secure option between having that, or having just an encrypted password-protected wifi? Of course "both" would seem "more secure". But it shouldn't actually be anything substantial. That's the question, but I think it may need more elaborating on. If you don't think so, please feel free to skip the next (long) part. Elaborating more on the two aspects ... I've always had the feeling using any kind of the so called "wireless security" methods is actually a bad design. I'm talking mostly about encrypting and pass-phrasing (which are actually two different concepts), since I won't even consider hiding SSID and mac filtering. I understand it's a natural way of thinking. With cable networking nobody can access the network unless they have access to the physical cable, so you're "secure" in the physical way. In a way, encrypting is for wireless what building walls is for the cables. And giving pass-phrases would be adding a door with a key. But the cabling without encryption is also insecure. If someone plugin all the data is right there. So, while I can see the use for encrypting data, I don't think it's a security measure in wireless networks. It's wasting resources for too little gain. I believe we should encrypt only sensitive data regardless of wires. That's already done with HTTPS, so I don't really need to encrypt my torrents, for instance. They're torrents, they are meant to be freely shared! As for using passwords, they should be added to the users, always. Not to wifi. For securing files, truly, best solution is backup. Sure all that doesn't happen that often, but I won't consider the most situations where people just don't care. I think there are enough situations where we actually use passwords on our OS users, so let's go with that in mind. I keep promoting the Fonera concept as an instance. It opens up a free wifi port, if you choose so, and anyone can connect to the internet through that, without having any access to your LAN. It also uses a QoS which will never let your bandwidth drop from that public usage. That's security, and it's open. But it's lacking the second aspect. I'll probably be bashed for promoting the non-usage of WPA 2 with AES or whatever, but I wanted to know from more experienced (super) users out there: what do you think?

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• How do you handle authentication across domains?

  - by William Ratcliff

  I'm trying to save users of our services from having to have multiple accounts/passwords. I'm in a large organization and there's one group that handles part of user authentication for users who are from outside the facility (primarily for administrative functions). They store a secure cookie to establish a session and communicate only via HTTPS via the browser. Sessions expire either through: 1) explicit logout of the user 2) Inactivity 3) Browser closes My team is trying to write a web application to help users analyze data that they've taken (or are currently taking) while at our facility. We need to determine if a user is 1) authenticated 2) Some identifier for that user so we can store state for them (what analysis they are working on, etc.) So, the problem is how do you authenticate across domains (the authentication server for the other application lives in a border region between public and private--we will live in the public region). We have come up with some scenarios and I'd like advice about what is best practice, or if there is one we haven't considered. Let's start with the case where the user is authenticated with the authentication server. 1) The authentication server leaves a public cookie in the browser with their primary key for a user. If this is deemed sensitive, they encrypt it on their server and we have the key to decrypt it on our server. When the user visits our site, we check for this public cookie. We extract the user_id and use a public api for the authentication server to request if the user is logged in. If they are, they send us a response with: response={ userid :we can then map this to our own user ids. If necessary, we can request additional information such as email-address/display name once (to notify them if long running jobs are done, or to share results with other people, like with google_docs). account_is_active:Make sure that the account is still valid session_is_active: Is their session still active? If we query this for a valid user, this will have a side effect that we will reset the last_time_session_activated value and thus prolong their session with the authentication server last_time_session_activated: let us know how much time they have left ip_address_session_started_from:make sure the person at our site is coming from the same ip as they started the session at } Given this response, we either accept them as authenticated and move on with our app, or redirect them to the login page for the authentication server (question: if we give an encrypted portion of the response (signed by us) with the page to redirect them to, do we open any gaping security holes in the authentication server)? The flaw that we've found with this is that if the user visits evilsite.com and they look at the session cookie and send a query to the public api of the authentication server, they can keep the session alive and if our original user leaves the machine without logging out, then the next user will be able to access their session (this was possible before, but having the session alive eternally makes this worse). 2) The authentication server redirects all requests made to our domain to us and we send responses back through them to the user. Essentially, they act as a proxy. The advantage of this is that we can handshake with the authentication server, so it's safe to be trusted with the email address/name of the user and they don't have to reenter it So, if the user tries to go to: authentication_site/mysite_page1 they are redirected to mysite. Which would you choose, or is there a better way? The goal is to minimize the "Yet Another Password/Yet another username" problem... Thanks!!!!

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• eth0 and eth1 both assigned same IP on boot

  - by Banjer

  I have a physical SLES 11 SP2 server on a Sun Fire x4140 that is giving me problems with networking upon reboot. The NICs are onboard. The networking appears successful during boot, but network services such as nfs fail hard. This is because eth0 and eth1 are both receiving the same configuration and are both ifup-ed. Once everything times out and I'm at the console, ifconfig shows that eth0 and eth1 are UP and running with the same IP. Attempting to ping anything in that subnet fails. Restarting the network service fixes the issue. eth0 is the correct NIC that should be configured as primary, per the MAC address. Question: Whats causing eth1 to be brought up with the same config as eth0?? I do not have a config script set up for eth1: banjer@harp:~> ls -la /etc/sysconfig/network/ total 104 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jun 11 12:21 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:46 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13916 Apr 10 09:32 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9952 Apr 10 09:36 dhcp -rw------- 1 root root 180 Jun 11 12:21 ifcfg-eth0 -rw------- 1 root root 180 Jun 11 12:21 ifcfg-eth3 -rw------- 1 root root 172 Feb 1 08:32 ifcfg-lo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29333 Feb 1 08:32 ifcfg.template drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:32 if-down.d -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 239 Feb 1 08:32 ifroute-lo drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:33 if-up.d drwx------ 2 root root 4096 May 5 2010 providers -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 Nov 16 2010 routes drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 09:36 scripts On a side note, eth3 is also configured with an IP in a different subnet, but this has not posed any problems. FYI the kernel module being used is forcedeth. banjer@harp:~> sudo cat /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0 BOOTPROTO='static' BROADCAST='' ETHTOOL_OPTIONS='' IPADDR='172.21.64.25/20' MTU='' NAME='MCP55 Ethernet' NETWORK='' REMOTE_IPADDR='' STARTMODE='auto' USERCONTROL='no' ONBOOT="yes" Here's eth3 in case you need to see it: banjer@harp:~> sudo cat /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth3 BOOTPROTO='static' BROADCAST='' ETHTOOL_OPTIONS='' IPADDR='172.11.200.4/24' MTU='' NAME='MCP55 Ethernet' NETWORK='' REMOTE_IPADDR='' STARTMODE='auto' USERCONTROL='no' ONBOOT="yes" Perhaps is something related to udev? 70-persistent-net-rules looks OK to me, but I may not understand it completely. banjer@harp:~> cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules # This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules # program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file. # # You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single # line, and change only the value of the NAME= key. # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4c", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2" # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4a", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0" # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4b", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1" # PCI device 0x10de:0x0373 (forcedeth) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:18:4f:8d:85:4d", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth3" # PCI device 0x1077:0x3032 (qla3xxx) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:c1:dd:0e:34:6c", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth4" Any other thoughts on what would cause this?

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• Why can I resolve this hostname but not a cname to this hostname?

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  if a run dig against a hostname, i get the according cname, however i get an NXDOMAIN error (non existent domain). if i run dig against the cname i got, I can resolve it to an IP address successfully. It is reproduceable. On the system I am currently on it is always the case, on other systems it sometimes works and sometimes not, and on other systems it seems to work all the time. If i run using a nameserver i specify (for example googles public nameserver) i can successfully resolve the hostname. i would just blame the local system, but it seems i am not having the only one problems the 2nd domain (unrestrict.me) is hosted on amazon route 53 nameservers. the 1st one on another dns server which has proofen to be fully functional and reliable over the years. i once switchted with the other domain to amazon dns as well, everything seemed to work, also various dns health check tests reported fine, however i recieved a lot of support tickets that dns resolution would not work. is amazon just "bad" or am i doing something wrong? i did not tamper with the domain in any way on the local system (in case of caching or making a custom dns view or whatever...) joe@joe:~$ dig scorpion.premiumize.me ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> scorpion.premiumize.me ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 10222 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;scorpion.premiumize.me. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: scorpion.premiumize.me. 180 IN CNAME alpha.nue.scorpion.unrestrict.me. ;; Query time: 28 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Mon Jun 18 10:28:39 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 84 joe@joe:~$ dig alpha.nue.scorpion.unrestrict.me ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> alpha.nue.scorpion.unrestrict.me ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25381 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;alpha.nue.scorpion.unrestrict.me. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: alpha.nue.scorpion.unrestrict.me. 300 IN A 78.46.25.130 ;; Query time: 48 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Mon Jun 18 10:28:47 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 66 joe@joe:~$

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• Why do GPUs overheat?

  - by JAD

  About a year ago, I added a 9800GT (1 GB version) and a Corsair CX500 PSU to an HP M8000N computer. A few weeks ago, the HDD overheated and I decided to transfer the GPU & PSU to a new build, which consists of: i3 @ 3.3Ghz Gigabyte H61 Micro ATX Mobo 4GB RAM 500GB WD HDD DVD RW Drive Cooler Master Elite 430 Tower Once I had Win7 up and running, I installed all the essential drivers that came with the Gigabyte Mobo CD. However, whenever I tried installing the Graphics Media Accelerator driver, the computer would crash and enter an endless boot sequence on the next startup. I skipped installing this driver and installed the CD driver for the 9800GT, which by now is a year old. Everything was working fine, WEI rated my GPU at 6.6 graphics & aero performance. However, after updating my Nvidia drivers to the latest, the WEI dropped my rating to 3.3 for Aero, and 4.7 for graphics performance. Just to make sure that everything was ok, I ran Bad Company 2 on medium settings. The first few minutes ran just fine at a smooth framerate, so I dismissed this as Windows being Windows. About 6 hours later, I ran BC2 again. This time I averaged anywhere from 2-5 FPS. I checked the GPU temperature through GPU-Z, and it came back as 120C. The problem with this, is that the computer was on for six hours up to that point. Wouldn't the card have experienced a reactor core meltdown a lot sooner than that? Granted, the computer was "sleeping" some of the time, but still... The next day I took out a temperature gun and ran some tests. I would point the laser at a very specific area on the reverse side of the card (not the fan or "front"), and compare the temp reading with GPU-Z. After leaving the system on idle on idle for a few minutes, I ran BC2 twice. Here are the results: GPU-Z Reading / Temp Gun Reading / Time Null / 22.3°C / Comp is Off 53°C / 33.5°C / 1:49 78°C / 46°C / 1:53 - (First BC2 run; good framerate) 102°C / 64.6°C / 2:01 - (System is again on idle) 113°C / 64.8°C / 2:10 119°C / 71.8°C / 2:17 - (Second BC2 run; poor framerate) I should also mention that I also took a temp recording of another part of the GPU from 2:01-2:17. The temp in this area jumped from 75°C to 82.9°C in that time frame. This pretty much confirms that GPU-Z is reporting the temperature accurately, and the card is overheating. But I'd like to know why; the cars is doing nothing and still the temperature climbs at a steady rate. I thoroughly cleaned the GPU and PSU when I salvaged them from the old HP M8000N computer with a can of compressed air, dust cant be the issue. Similarly, the rest of the computer is brand new. I installed various Nvidia drivers, but no luck. It seems strange to me that a year-old card is suddenly failing on me; aren't they supposed to last at least two years? Could this be a driver issue? Is the motherboard faulty? Could the PSU be overfeeding the card on voltage? Neither case seems likely, as the CPU, RAM and otherwise the rest of the comp has worked flawlessly and has stayed well within respectable temp ranges (the i3 lingers around 50C, the HDD stays at 30C, so does the PSU). How can I pinpoint the issue?

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• Ubuntu server random hangups.

  - by Ebbe

  Hello all. this is my first post to this forum which I found through the superb podcast "It Conversations" from StackOverFlow. I am quite in my role as server administrator for an exhibition center in London. Basically we have a central file and sql server to which roughly 40 stations connects to to upload/download data used/captured by a set of applications. Over the last weeks we have experienced a few random hangups to our applications, and as it always happen to multiple applications simultaneously I do not believe that the applications are the source of the problem. We also monitor the network using Dartware Intermapper which indicates that all switches and stations on the network has been reachable during the downtime. Thus, its all pointing to the server. I have been looking through all log files I can think of and the only thing so far that I have found suspicious is the following lines in the syslog which are from the time of one of the hangups: Feb 6 17:14:27 es named[5582]: client 127.0.0.1#33721: RFC 1918 response from Internet for 150.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa Feb 6 17:14:40 es named[5582]: client 127.0.0.1#32899: RFC 1918 response from Internet for 152.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa Feb 6 17:15:01 es /USR/SBIN/CRON[1956]: (es) CMD (/home/es/apps/es/bin/es_checksum.sh) Feb 6 17:16:06 es /USR/SBIN/CRON[2031]: (es) CMD (/home/es/apps/es/bin/es_checksum.sh) Feb 6 17:21:00 es named[5582]: *** POKED TIMER *** Feb 6 17:21:00 es last message repeated 2 times Feb 6 17:21:07 es named[5582]: client 127.0.0.1#44194: RFC 1918 response from Internet for 143.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa Feb 6 17:21:12 es named[5582]: client 127.0.0.1#59004: RFC 1918 response from Internet for 164.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa I find a few lines of interesting lines here: 1) "RFC 1918 response from Internet for 150.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa". I see this a lot in the syslog. And basically everytime I do a nslookup for any of the computers in the cluster I get a new similar line in the syslog. I understand from google that this has to do with reverse lookup problems. But I do not know how that could effect the systems. Lets say that one of these lines appear every time one of the userstations connects to the server, which may happen several times a second. Could this possible cause a hangup of the entire server? 2) POKED TIMER, I have googled this quite a lot, but not found an explaination that I can relate to. What does this mean? 3) The timestamps, it seems like the entire server has stopped responding for several minutes. Normally there are many printouts to the syslog per minute on this server. Furthermore the CRON job is set to run once every minute. Which according to the log, hasent happened here. OS: Ubuntu 8.04 Kernel: Linux 2.6.24-24-server x86_64 GNU/Linux. Hardware: Dell R710, RAID1, CPU: 2x XEON E5530. 16GB Memory. Average load is very low, and memory should not be a problem. Please let me know if you need any additional information. Best wishes, Ebbe

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• ESXI guests not using available CPU resources

  - by Alan M

  I have a VMWare ESXI 5.0.0 (it's a bit old, I know) host with three guest VMs on it. For reasons unknown, the guests will not use much of the availble CPU resources. I have all three guests in a single pool, with the hosts all configured to use the same amount of resource shares, so they're basically 33% each. The three guests are basically identically configured as far as their VM resources go. So the problem is, even when the guests are performing what should be very 'busy' activitites, such as at bootup, the actual host CPU consumed is something tiny, like 33mhz, when seen via vSphere console's "Virtual Machines" tab when viewing properties for the pool. And of course, the performance of the guest VMs is terrible. The host has plenty of CPU to spare. I've tried tinkering with individual guest VM resource settings; cranking up the reservation, etc. No matter. The guests just refuse to make use of the abundant CPU available to them, and insist on using a sliver of the available resources. Any suggestions? Update after reading various comments below Per the suggestions below, I did remove the guests from the application pool; this didn't make any difference. I do understand that the guests are not going to consume resources they do not need. I have tried to do a remote perfmon on the guest which is experiencing long boot times, but I cannot connect to the guest remotely with perfmon (guest is w2k8r2 server). Host graphs for CPU, Mem, Disk are basically flatlining; very little demand. Same is true for the guest stats; while the guest itself seems to be crawling, the guest resource graphing shows very little activity across CPU, Mem, Disk. Host is a Dell PowerEdge 2900, has 2 physical CPU,20gb RAM. (it's a test/dev environment using surplus gear) Guest1 has: VM ver. 7, 2vCPU, 4gb RAM, 140gb storage which lives on a RAID-5 array on the host. Guest2 has: VM ver. 7, 2vCPU, 4gb RAM, 140gb storage which lives on a RAID-5 array on the host. Guest3 has: VM ver. 7, 1vCPU, 2gb RAM, 2tb storage which lives on a RAID-5 ISCSI NAS box Perhaps I am making a false assumption that if a guest has a demand for CPU (e.g. Windows Task Manager shows 100% CPU), the host would supply the guest with more CPU (mem, disk) on demand. Another Update After checking the stats, it would appear that the host is indeed not busy at all, neither is the guest. I believe I have a good idea on the issue, though; a messed-up VMWare Tools install. The guest has VMware Tools on it, but the host says it does not. VMWare Tools refuses to uninstall, refuses to be upgraded, refuses to be recognized. While I cannot say with authority, this would appear to be something worth investigation. I do not know the origin of the guest itself, nor the specifics on the original VMWare Tools install. Following various bits of googling, I did come up with a few suggestions that went nowhere. To that end, I was going to delete this question, but was prompted not to do so since so many folks answered. My suspicion right now is; the problem truly is the guest; the guest is not making a demand on the host, and as a natural result, the host is treating the guest accordingly. My Final Update I am 99% certain the guest VM had something fundamentally wrong with it re VMWare Tools. I created a clone of a different VM with a near-identical OS config, but a properly working install of VMWare tools. The guest runs just great, and takes up it's allotment of resources when it needs to; e.g. it eats up about 850mhz CPU during startup, then ticks down to idle once the guest OS is stable.

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• mod evasive not working properly on ubuntu 10.04

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I have an ubuntu 10.04 server where I installed mod_evasive using apt-get install libapache2-mod-evasive I already tried several configurations, the result stays the same. The blocking does work, but randomly. I tried with low limis and long blocking periods as well as short limits. The behaviour I expect is that I can request websites until either page or site limit is reached per given interval. After that I expect to be blocked until I did not make another request for as long as the block period. However the behaviour is that I can request sites and after a while I get random 403 blocks, which increase and decrase in percentage, however they are very scattered. This is an output of siege, so you get an idea: HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.11 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.09 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.10 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.09 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.10 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.09 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.10 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt The exac limits in place during this test run were: DOSHashTableSize 3097 DOSPageCount 10 DOSSiteCount 100 DOSPageInterval 10 DOSSiteInterval 10 DOSBlockingPeriod 120 DOSLogDir /var/log/mod_evasive DOSEmailNotify ***@gmail.com DOSWhitelist 127.0.0.1 So I would expect to be blocked at least 120 seconds after being blocked once. Any ideas aobut this? I also tried adding my configuration at different places (vhost, server config, directory context) and with of without ifmodule directive... This doesnt change anything.

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• dvd drive I/O error?

  - by bobby

  i get dis error evry time i burn a cd/dvd thru my dvd drive...!! Nero Burning ROM bobby 4C85-200E-4005-0004-0000-7660-0800-35X3-0000-407M-MX37-**** (*) Windows XP 6.1 IA32 WinAspi: - NT-SPTI used Nero Version: 7.11.3. Internal Version: 7, 11, 3, (Nero Express) Recorder: Version: UL01 - HA 1 TA 1 - 7.11.3.0 Adapter driver: HA 1 Drive buffer : 2048kB Bus Type : default CD-ROM: Version: 52PP - HA 1 TA 0 - 7.11.3.0 Adapter driver: HA 1 === Scsi-Device-Map === === CDRom-Device-Map === ATAPI-CD ROM-DRIVE-52MAX F: CdRom0 HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N G: CdRom1 ======================= AutoRun : 1 Excluded drive IDs: WriteBufferSize: 83886080 (0) Byte BUFE : 0 Physical memory : 958MB (981560kB) Free physical memory: 309MB (317024kB) Memory in use : 67 % Uncached PFiles: 0x0 Use Inquiry : 1 Global Bus Type: default (0) Check supported media : Disabled (0) 11.6.2010 CD Image 10:43:02 AM #1 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 450 LockMCN - completed sucessfully for IOCTL_STORAGE_MCN_CONTROL 10:43:02 AM #2 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 3186 HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N Buffer underrun protection activated 10:43:02 AM #3 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 3500 Turn on Disc-At-Once, using CD-R/RW media 10:43:02 AM #4 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 307 Last possible write address on media: 359848 ( 79:59.73) Last address to be written: 318783 ( 70:52.33) 10:43:02 AM #5 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 319 Write in overburning mode: NO (enabled: CD) 10:43:02 AM #6 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 2988 Recorder: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM G SA-H12N; CDR co de: 00 97 27 18; O SJ entry from: Pla smon Data systems Ltd. ATIP Data: Special Info [hex] 1: D0 00 A0, 2: 61 1B 12 (LI 97:27.18), 3: 4F 3B 4A ( LO 79:59.74) Additional Info [hex] 1: 00 00 00 (invalid), 2: 00 00 00 (invalid), 3: 00 0 0 00 (invalid) 10:43:02 AM #7 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 493 Protocol of DlgWaitCD activities: TRM_DATA_MODE1, 2048, config 0, wanted index0 0 blocks, length 318784 blo cks [G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N] -------------------------------------------------------------- 10:43:02 AM #9 Text 0 File ThreadedTransferInterface.cpp, Line 986 Prepare [G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N] for write in CUE-sheet-DAO DAO infos: ========== MCN: "" TOCType: 0x00; Se ssion Clo sed, disc fixated Tracks 1 to 1: Idx 0 Idx 1 Next T rk 1: TRM_DATA_MODE1, 2048/0x00, FilePos 0 307200 6531768 32, ISRC "" DAO layout: =========== ___Start_|____Track_|_Idx_|_CtrlAdr_|_____Size_|______NWA_|_RecDep__________ -150 | lead-in | 0 | 0x41 | 0 | 0 | 0x00 -150 | 1 | 0 | 0x41 | 0 | 0 | 0x00 0 | 1 | 1 | 0x41 | 318784 | 318784 | 0x00 318784 | lead-out | 1 | 0x41 | 0 | 0 | 0x00 10:43:02 AM #10 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 240 SPTILockVolume - completed successfully for FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME 10:43:02 AM #11 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 4286 Caching options: cache CDRom or Network-Yes, small files-Yes ( ON 10:43:03 AM #19 Text 0 File MMC.cpp, Line 18034 CueData, Len=32 41 00 00 14 00 00 00 00 41 01 00 10 00 00 00 00 41 01 01 10 00 00 02 00 41 aa 01 14 00 46 34 22 10:43:03 AM #20 Text 0 File ThreadedTransfer.cpp, Line 268 Pipe memory size 83836800 10:43:16 AM #21 Text 0 File Cdrdrv.cpp, Line 1405 10:43:16.806 - G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N : Queue again later 10:43:42 AM #22 SPTI -1502 File SCSIPassThrough.cpp, Line 181 CdRom1: SCSIStatus(x02) WinError(0) NeroError(-1502) Sense Key: 0x04 (KEY_HARDWARE_ERROR) Nero Report 2 Nero Burning ROM Sense Code: 0x08 Sense Qual: 0x03 CDB Data: 0x2A 00 00 00 4D 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 Sense Area: 0x70 00 04 00 00 00 00 10 53 29 A1 80 08 03 Buffer x0c7d9a40: Len x10000 0xDC 87 EB 41 6E AC 61 5A 07 B2 DB 78 B5 D4 D9 24 0x8D BC 51 38 46 56 0F EE 16 15 5C 5B E3 B0 10 16 0x14 B1 C3 6E 30 2B C4 78 15 AB D5 92 09 B7 81 23 10:43:42 AM #23 CDR -1502 File Writer.cpp, Line 306 DMA-driver error, CRC error G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N 10:43:55 AM #24 Phase 38 File dlgbrnst.cpp, Line 1767 Burn process failed at 48x (7,200 KB/s) 10:43:55 AM #25 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 287 SPTIDismountVolume - completed successfully for FSCTL_DISMOUNT_VOLUME 10:44:01 AM #26 Text 0 File Cdrdrv.cpp, Line 11412 DriveLocker: UnLockVolume completed 10:44:01 AM #27 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 450 UnLockMCN - completed sucessfully for IOCTL_STORAGE_MCN_CONTROL Existing drivers: Registry Keys: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\WinLogon Nero Report 3

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• How can I tell Firefox to ignore unprintable characters?

  - by BrianH

  Edit: Summary Apparently the intended character to display in this case is an "en-dash". This page has a table half way down that shows that for the &ndash;, some software will convert the correct hex code of 2013 to 0096. (look at the first row in the table). This answer on Stackoverflow explains that somehow this is a mixup between Windows-1252 and UTF-8 This blog article enforces this: Character 150 (0x96) is the unicode character "START OF GUARDED AREA" in the non-displayed C1 control character range, but in the Windows-1252 encoding it's mapped to to the displayable character 0x2013 "en-dash" (a short dash). Others have struggled with this when producing content, as this answer on Stackoverflow shows how to replace 0x0096 with 0x2013. Google must realize this, because as stated in my original question below, Google's cached version of the Amazon page has &ndash; so it seems they are automatically correcting these mistakes on pages they cache. I have tried setting my encoding to Windows-1252 but that does not help. So now I guess my question is, how can I tell Firefox to ignore unprintable characters like these? Original content below: (Firefox 3.6.13 on Windows XP) Every once in a while I notice an odd character on certain web pages when browsing the web. It is a outline of a box with a 4-digit number inside. And example of a page that has these characters is: http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/#highlights After each section heading (Elastic, Completely Controlled, ...) I see a box with the number "0096" inside. I looked at the cached version on Google, and google has &ndash; in it's place, so I'm guessing I should be seeing a dash there instead of the box with the numbers in it. I have tried changing the character encoding in Firefox but haven't been able to find one that shows these characters correctly. Is there a way to allow Firefox to view these characters? Thanks in advance! Edit - adding a screen shot of the "special" characters: Edit #2 - tried in Ubuntu - new screenshots I logged into my Ubuntu desktop and browsed to the amazon page in Chrome and Firefox. Chrome completely ignores character, even if I inspect or view page source. Firefox in Unbutu displays the character exactly like Firefox on my Windows XP box. I copied the character and played around with it at the command line - here is a screenshot of the results: It looks like I can paste the character into this post as well: `` It is definitely not isolated to Windows XP. I tried setting the character encoding for my terminal to Windows 1252 (from Dennis' comment below), but then it just displays this character as a question mark. I pulled the webpage down with wget and with curl, and both outputs show this characters as: <96> It makes me wonder if this character renders correctly for anyone? It appears webkit just ignores it, my IE6 ignores it, Firefox displays the box with the numbers in it. I would have to imagine the design team at Amazon can see it correctly? It's not a huge deal to get these characters displaying correctly, but it would be nice to know if there is a solution to this.

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