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  • Are database triggers evil?

    - by WW
    Are database triggers a bad idea? In my experience they are evil, because they can result in surprising side effects, and are difficult to debug (especially when one trigger fires another). Often developers do not even think of looking if there is a trigger. On the other hand, it seems like if you have logic that must occur evertime a new FOO is created in the database then the most foolproof place to put it is an insert trigger on the FOO table. The only time we're using triggers is for really simple things like setting the ModifiedDate.

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  • DELETE from two tables with one OUTPUT clause?

    - by lance
    This deletes the document from the Document table and outputs information about the deleted document into the FinishedDocument table. DELETE FROM Document OUTPUT Deleted.DocumentId , Deleted.DocumentDescription INTO FinishedDocument WHERE DocumentId = @DocumentId I need to delete the document not just from the Document table, but also from the DocumentBackup table. Meanwhile, I need to maintain insertion into FinishedDocument. Is all of this possible with only one statement? If not, is a second DELETE (against DocumentBackup), with all of it wrapped in a transaction, the way to go?

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  • How to make this sub-sub-query work?

    - by Josh Weissbock
    I am trying to do this in one query. I asked a similar question a few days ago but my personal requirements have changed. I have a game type website where users can attend "classes". There are three tables in my DB. I am using MySQL. I have four tables: hl_classes (int id, int professor, varchar class, text description) hl_classes_lessons (int id, int class_id, varchar lessonTitle, varchar lexiconLink, text lessonData) hl_classes_answers (int id, int lesson_id, int student, text submit_answer, int percent) hl_classes stores all of the classes on the website. The lessons are the individual lessons for each class. A class can have infinite lessons. Each lesson is available in a specific term. hl_classes_terms stores a list of all the terms and the current term has the field active = '1'. When a user submits their answers to a lesson it is stored in hl_classes_answers. A user can only answer each lesson once. Lessons have to be answered sequentially. All users attend all "classes". What I am trying to do is grab the next lesson for each user to do in each class. When the users start they are in term 1. When they complete all 10 lessons in each class they move on to term 2. When they finish lesson 20 for each class they move on to term 3. Let's say we know the term the user is in by the PHP variable $term. So this is my query I am currently trying to massage out but it doesn't work. Specifically because of the hC.id is unknown in the WHERE clause SELECT hC.id, hC.class, (SELECT MIN(output.id) as nextLessonID FROM ( SELECT id, class_id FROM hl_classes_lessons hL WHERE hL.class_id = hC.id ORDER BY hL.id LIMIT $term,10 ) as output WHERE output.id NOT IN (SELECT lesson_id FROM hl_classes_answers WHERE student = $USER_ID)) as nextLessonID FROM hl_classes hC My logic behind this query is first to For each class; select all of the lessons in the term the current user is in. From this sort out the lessons the user has already done and grab the MINIMUM id of the lessons yet to be done. This will be the lesson the user has to do. I hope I have made my question clear enough.

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  • How to designing a generic databse whos layout may change over time?

    - by mawg
    Here's a tricky one - how do I programatically create and interrogate a database who's contents I can't really foresee? I am implementing a generic input form system. The user can create PHP forms with a WYSIWYG layout and use them for any purpose he wishes. He can also query the input. So, we have three stages: a form is designed and generated. This is a one-off procedure, although the form can be edited later. This designs the database. someone or several people make use of the form - say for daily sales reports, stock keeping, payroll, etc. Their input to the forms is written to the database. others, maybe management, can query the database and generate reports. Since these forms are generic, I can't predict the database structure - other than to say that it will reflect HTML form fields and consist of a the data input from collection of edit boxes, memos, radio buttons and the like. Questions and remarks: A) how can I best structure the database, in terms of tables and columns? What about primary keys? My first thought was to use the control name to identify each column, then I realized that the user can edit the form and rename, so that maybe "name" becomes "employee" or "wages" becomes ":salary". I am leaning towards a unique number for each. B) how best to key the rows? I was thinking of a timestamp to allow me to query and a column for the row Id from A) C) I have to handle column rename/insert/delete. Foe deletion, I am unsure whether to delete the data from the database. Even if the user is not inputting it from the form any more he may wish to query what was previously entered. Or there may be some legal requirements to retain the data. Any gotchas in column rename/insert/delete? D) For the querying, I can have my PHP interrogate the database to get column names and generate a form with a list where each entry has a database column name, a checkbox to say if it should be used in the query and, based on column type, some selection criteria. That ought to be enough to build searches like "position = 'senior salesman' and salary 50k". E) I probably have to generate some fancy charts - graphs, histograms, pie charts, etc for query results of numerical data over time. I need to find some good FOSS PHP for this. F) What else have I forgotten? This all seems very tricky to me, but I am database n00b - maybe it is simple to you gurus?

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  • LINQtoSQL Custom Constructor off Partial Class?

    - by sah302
    Hi all, I read this question here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/82409/is-there-a-way-to-override-the-empty-constructor-in-a-class-generated-by-linqtosq Typically my constructor would look like: public User(String username, String password, String email, DateTime birthday, Char gender) { this.Id = Guid.NewGuid(); this.DateCreated = this.DateModified = DateTime.Now; this.Username = username; this.Password = password; this.Email = email; this.Birthday = birthday; this.Gender = gender; } However, as read in that question, you want to use partial method OnCreated() instead to assign values and not overwrite the default constructor. Okay so I got this : partial void OnCreated() { this.Id = Guid.NewGuid(); this.DateCreated = this.DateModified = DateTime.Now; this.Username = username; this.Password = password; this.Email = email; this.Birthday = birthday; this.Gender = gender; } However, this gives me two errors: Partial Methods must be declared private. Partial Methods must have empty method bodies. Alright I change it to Private Sub OnCreated() to remove both of those errors. However I am still stuck with...how can I pass it values as I would with a normal custom constructor? Also I am doing this in VB (converted it since I know most know/prefer C#), so would that have an affect on this?

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  • Any way to speed up this hierarchical query?

    - by RenderIn
    I've got a serious performance problem with a hierarchical query that I can't seem to fix. I am modeling several organization charts in my database, each representing a virtual organization within our company. For example, we have several temporary committees that are created from time to time and there may be a Committee Organizer role at the top of this virtual hierarchy, with several people assigned to the Committee Member role beneath the organizer. Some of our virtual organizations have many levels and several branches at each level. I have a single table in which I represent all the role assignments. i.e. a ROLE_ID column and a PARENT_ROLE_ID column which is a foreign key to the ROLE_ID column. For each assignment we also store as a column the location in the company where this person has the assignment. For example, the Committee Organizer would have a company-level/ CEO assignment, while the committee members would have department-level assignments such as ACCOUNTING, MARKETING, etc. So to model the organizer/member relationship for two individuals we would have: ROLE_ID = 4 PARENT_ROLE_ID = NULL EMPLOYEE_NUMBER = 213423 COMPANY_LOCATION = CEO ROLE_ID = 5 PARENT_ROLE_ID = 4 EMPLOYEE_NUMBER = 838221 COMPANY_LOCATION = ACCOUNTING Here's where things get tricky. I have an application that every person in the organization can log in to. When they log in they should be able to view all the virtual organizations in our company. e.g. the committee members should be able to see the committee organizer and vice-versa. However, only the committee organizer should be able to edit the committee members. The difficulty is in determining whether an individual (who can have multiple role assignments) has edit access for each other assignment. While this seems simple in the example, consider a virtual organization in which we have President at the top, 5 departments directly beneath him, 2 subdepartments below each department. We only want people in the Accounting department to be able to edit individuals in the subdepartments belonging to the Accounting department. They should not have edit access to anybody in the Marketing department or its subdepartments. To determine edit access when a user views a virtual organization in our company I run a query that executes two inline views: A) Hierarchically query for all assignments in this virtual organization and using SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH to store the entire path to each user/role/company_location and B) Hierarchically retrieve all the assignments the individual logged in has and using the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH to store the entire path to each of these assignments. The result of the query is all the records from A) plus a boolean determined by joining with B) which flags whether the logged in user has edit access for each record. Indexes don't seem to be helping... it simply appears that there is too much processing going on to separate all the records and then determine edit access. One issue is that I can't store the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH and index it... determining whether an individual record has edit access consists of comparing if: test_record_sys_path LIKE individual_record_sys_path || '%' Is a materialized view the answer?

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  • Why is RAISERROR misspelled? Or is it not?

    - by Jason
    Why isn't RAISERROR spelled RAISEERROR? Where is the second E? I could understand if it were some ancient keyword length constraint, but I wouldn't expect it to be a nine-character limit. Is RAIS or RROR a technical word such that "raise-error" is just a mis-reading? Are its (immediate) origins in a different language? I've searched Google but not finding much on the subject.

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  • Using Linq2Sql to insert data into multiple tables using an auto incremented primary key

    - by Thomas
    I have a Customer table with a Primary key (int auto increment) and an Address table with a foreign key to the Customer table. I am trying to insert both rows into the database in one nice transaction. using (DatabaseDataContext db = new DatabaseDataContext()) { Customer newCustomer = new Customer() { Email = customer.Email }; Address b = new Address() { CustomerID = newCustomer.CustomerID, Address1 = billingAddress.Address1 }; db.Customers.InsertOnSubmit(newCustomer); db.Addresses.InsertOnSubmit(b); db.SubmitChanges(); } When I run this I was hoping that the Customer and Address table automatically had the correct keys in the database since the context knows this is an auto incremented key and will do two inserts with the right key in both tables. The only way I can get this to work would be to do SubmitChanges() on the Customer object first then create the address and do SubmitChanges() on that as well. This would create two roundtrips to the database and I would like to see if I can do this in one transaction. Is it possible? Thanks

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  • Check if access table exists

    - by HasanGursoy
    I want to log web site visits' IP, datetime, client and refferer data to access database but I'm planning to log every days log data in separate tables in example logs for 06.06.2010 will be logged in 2010_06_06 named table. When date is changed I'll create a table named 2010_06_07. But the problem is if this table is already created. Any suggestions how to check if table exists in Access?

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  • Saving data to server with user accounts.

    - by AKRamkumar
    Ok, so for an app I am making, I want the user to be able to save data online. On my website, I will provide a web server with tables of UserName/Password/SaveData. How can I do this without crashing the server load? How can I guarantee security ? Is there a Design Pattern for this?Is there a better way of doing this? This is going to be a free application, available to the public and I would like for their settings to be available, no matter the computer they are using. Is there a better way of doing this? I am using MEF for plugins so is there a way I can save plugin data as well?

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  • Unique identifiers for users

    - by Christopher McCann
    If I have a table of a hundred users normally I would just set up an auto-increment userID column as the primary key. But if suddenly we have a million users or 5 million users then that becomes really difficult because I would want to start becoming more distributed in which case an auto-increment primary key would be useless as each node would be creating the same primary keys. Is the solution to this to use natural primary keys? I am having a real hard time thinking of a natural primary key for this bunch of users. The problem is they are all young people so they do not have national insurance numbers or any other unique identifier I can think of. I could create a multi-column primary key but there is still a chance, however miniscule of duplicates occurring. Does anyone know of a solution? Thanks

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  • Best way to store sales tax information

    - by Seph
    When designing a stock management database system (sales / purchases) what would be the best way to store the various taxes and other such amounts? A few of the fields that could be saved are: Unit price excluding tax Unit price including tax Tax per item Total excluding tax (rounded to 2 decimals) Total including tax (rounded to 2 decimals) Total tax (rounded to 2 decimals) Currently the most reasonable solution so far is storing down (roughly) item, quantity, total excluding tax (rounded) and the total tax (rounded). Can anyone suggest some better way of storing this details for a generic system? Also, given the system needs to be robust, what should be done if there were multiple tax values (eg: state and city) which might need to be separated, in this case a separate table would be in order, but would it be considered excessive to just have a rowID and some taxID mapping to a totalTax column?

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  • Transactional isolation level needed for safely incrementing ids

    - by Knut Arne Vedaa
    I'm writing a small piece of software that is to insert records into a database used by a commercial application. The unique primary keys (ids) in the relevant table(s) are sequential, but does not seem to be set to "auto increment". Thus, I assume, I will have to find the largest id, increment it and use that value for the record I'm inserting. In pseudo-code for brevity: id = select max(id) from some_table id++ insert into some_table values(id, othervalues...) Now, if another thread started the same transaction before the first one finished its insert, you would get two identical ids and a failure when trying to insert the last one. You could check for that failure and retry, but a simpler solution might be setting an isolation level on the transaction. For this, would I need SERIALIZABLE or a lower level? Additionally, is this, generally, a sound way of solving the problem? Are the any other ways of doing it?

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  • MySQL Select problems

    - by John Nuñez
    Table #1: qa_returns_items Table #2: qa_returns_residues I have a long time trying to get this Result: item_code - item_quantity 2 - 1 3 - 2 IF qa_returns_items.item_code = qa_returns_residues.item_code AND status_code = 11 THEN item_quantity = qa_returns_items.item_quantity - qa_returns_residues.item_quantity ELSEIF qa_returns_items.item_code = qa_returns_residues.item_code AND status_code = 12 THEN item_quantity = qa_returns_items.item_quantity + qa_returns_residues.item_quantity ELSE show diferendes END IF I tried this Query: select SubQueryAlias.item_code, total_ecuation, SubQueryAlias.item_unitprice, SubQueryAlias.item_unitprice * total_ecuation as item_subtotal, item_discount, (SubQueryAlias.item_unitprice * total_ecuation) - item_discount as item_total from ( select ri.item_code , case status_code when 11 then ri.item_quantity - rr.item_quantity when 12 then ri.item_quantity + rr.item_quantity end as total_ecuation , rr.item_unitprice , rr.item_quantity , rr.item_discount * rr.item_quantity as item_discount from qa_returns_residues rr left join qa_returns_items ri on ri.item_code = rr.item_code WHERE ri.returnlog_code = 1 ) as SubQueryAlias where total_ecuation > 0 GROUP BY (item_code); The query returns this result: item_code - item_quantity 1 - 2 2 - 2

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  • select rows with column that is not null?

    - by fayer
    by default i have one column in mysql table to be NULL. i want to select some rows but only if the field value in that column is not NULL. what is the correct way of typing it? $query = "SELECT * FROM names WHERE id = '$id' AND name != NULL"; is this correct?

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  • Split function in where clause

    - by abhishek-khandelwal
    hello friends I am using following query in linq In product table following type of data are stored abc-def bcd=fgh abc-xyz var query=from prod in db.Product join cat in db.category on prod.categoryId=cat.categoryID where prod.productName.split('-')[0]=="abc" but in that query it product annoumous problem Please give some suggestion to split in where caluse

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  • What are the types and inner workings of a query optimizer?

    - by Frank Developer
    As I understand it, most query optimizers are cost-based. Some can be influenced by hints like FIRST_ROWS(). Others are tailored for OLAP. Is it possible to know more detailed logic about how Informix IDS and SE's optimizers decide what's the best route for processing a query, other than SET EXPLAIN? Is there any documentation which illustrates the ranking of SELECT statements? I would imagine that "SELECT col FROM table WHERE ROWID = n" ranks 1st. What are the rest of them?.. If I'm not mistaking, Informix's ROWID is a SERIAL(INT) which allows for a max. of 2GB nrows, or maybe it uses INT9 for TB's nrows?.. However, I think Oracle uses HEX values for ROWID. Too bad ROWID can't be oftenly used, since a rows ROWID can change. So maybe ROWID is used by the optimizer as a counter? Perhaps, it could be used for implementing the query progress idea I mentioned in my "Begin viewing query results before query completes" question? For some reason, I feel it wouldn't be that difficult to report a query's progress while being processed, perhaps at the expense of some slight overhead, but it would be nice to know ahead of time: A "Google-like" estimate of how many rows meet a query's criteria, display it's progress every 100, 200, 500 or 1,000 rows, give users the ability to cancel it at anytime and start displaying the qualifying rows as they are being put into the current list, while it continues searching?.. This is just one example, perhaps we could think other neat/useful features, the ingridients are more or less there. Perhaps we could fine-tune each query with more granularity than currently available? OLTP queries tend to be mostly static and pre-defined. The "what-if's" are more OLAP, so let's try to add more control and intelligence to it? So, therefore, being able to more precisely control, not "hint-influence" a query is what's needed and therefore it would be necessary to know how the optimizers logic is programmed. We can then have Dynamic SELECT and other statements for specific situations! Maybe even tell IDS to read blocks of indexes nodes at-a-time instead of one-by-one, etc. etc.

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  • why this left join query failed to load all the data in left table ?

    - by lzyy
    users table +-----+-----------+ | id | username | +-----+-----------+ | 1 | tom | | 2 | jelly | | 3 | foo | | 4 | bar | +-----+-----------+ groups table +----+---------+-----------------------------+ | id | user_id | title | +----+---------+-----------------------------+ | 2 | 1 | title 1 | | 4 | 1 | title 2 | +----+---------+-----------------------------+ the query SELECT users.username,users.id,count(groups.title) as group_count FROM users LEFT JOIN groups ON users.id = groups.user_id result +----------+----+-------------+ | username | id | group_count | +----------+----+-------------+ | tom | 1 | 2 | +----------+----+-------------+ where is the rest users' info? the result is the same as inner join , shouldn't left join return all left table's data? PS:I'm using mysql

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  • Converting delimited string to multiple values in mysql

    - by epo
    I have a mysql legacy table which contains an client identifier and a list of items, the latter as a comma-delimited string. E.g. "xyz001", "foo,bar,baz". This is legacy stuff and the user insists on being able to edit a comma delimited string. They now have a requirement for a report table with the above broken into separate rows, e.g. "xyz001", "foo" "xyz001", "bar" "xyz001", "baz" Breaking the string into substrings is easily doable and I have written a procedure to do this by creating a separate table, but that requires triggers to deal with deletes, updates and inserts. This query is required rarely (say once a month) but has to be absolutely up to date when it is run, so e.g. the overhead of triggers is not warranted and scheduled tasks to create the table might not be timely enough. Is there any way to write a function to return a table or a set so that I can join the identifier with the individual items on demand?

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  • How to debug issues with differing execution times in different contexts.

    - by Dave
    The following question seems to be haunting me more consistently than most other questions recently. What kinds of things would you suggest I suggest that they look for when trying to debug "performance issues" like this? ok, get this - running this in query analyzer takes < 1 second exec usp_MyAccount_Allowance_Activity '1/1/1900', null, 187128 debugging locally, this takes 10 seconds: DataSet allowanceBalance = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset( WebApplication.SQLConn(), CommandType.StoredProcedure, "usp_MyAccount_Allowance_Activity", Params); same parameters

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  • Compiled Queries and "Parameters cannot be sequences"

    - by David B
    I thought that compiled queries would perform the same query translation as DataContext. Yet I'm getting a run-time error when I try to use a query with a .Contains method call. Where have I gone wrong? //private member which holds a compiled query. Func<DataAccess.DataClasses1DataContext, List<int>, List<DataAccess.TestRecord>> compiledFiftyRecordQuery = System.Data.Linq.CompiledQuery.Compile <DataAccess.DataClasses1DataContext, List<int>, List<DataAccess.TestRecord>> ((dc, ids) => dc.TestRecords.Where(tr => ids.Contains(tr.ID)).ToList()); //this method calls the compiled query. public void FiftyRecordCompiledQueryByID() { List<int> IDs = GetRandomInts(50); //System.NotSupportedException //{"Parameters cannot be sequences."} List<DataAccess.TestRecord> results = compiledFiftyRecordQuery (myContext, IDs); }

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