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  • Is there a canonical source supporting "all-surrogates"?

    - by user61852
    Background The "all-PK-must-be-surrogates" approach is not present in Codd's Relational Model or any SQL Standard (ANSI, ISO or other). Canonical books seems to elude this restrictions too. Oracle's own data dictionary scheme uses natural keys in some tables and surrogate keys in other tables. I mention this because these people must know a thing or two about RDBMS design. PPDM (Professional Petroleum Data Management Association) recommend the same canonical books do: Use surrogate keys as primary keys when: There are no natural or business keys Natural or business keys are bad ( change often ) The value of natural or business key is not known at the time of inserting record Multicolumn natural keys ( usually several FK ) exceed three columns, which makes joins too verbose. Also I have not found canonical source that says natural keys need to be immutable. All I find is that they need to be very estable, i.e need to be changed only in very rare ocassions, if ever. I mention PPDM because these people must know a thing or two about RDBMS design too. The origins of the "all-surrogates" approach seems to come from recommendations from some ORM frameworks. It's true that the approach allows for rapid database modeling by not having to do much business analysis, but at the expense of maintainability and readability of the SQL code. Much prevision is made for something that may or may not happen in the future ( the natural PK changed so we will have to use the RDBMS cascade update funtionality ) at the expense of day-to-day task like having to join more tables in every query and having to write code for importing data between databases, an otherwise very strightfoward procedure (due to the need to avoid PK colisions and having to create stage/equivalence tables beforehand ). Other argument is that indexes based on integers are faster, but that has to be supported with benchmarks. Obviously, long, varying varchars are not good for PK. But indexes based on short, fix-length varchar are almost as fast as integers. The questions - Is there any canonical source that supports the "all-PK-must-be-surrogates" approach ? - Has Codd's relational model been superceded by a newer relational model ?

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  • Batch Script With SQLCMD Usage

    - by user52128
    Hi All I am Writing a Batch Script Which has to read a set of SQL Files which exists in a Folder then Execute Them Using SQLCMD utiliy. When I am Trying to execute it does not create any output file. I am not sure where I am wrong and I am not sure how to debug the script. Can someone help me out with script? @echo off FOR %F IN (C:\SQLCMD\*.SQL) DO sqlcmd -S LENOVO-C00 -U yam -P yam!@ -i %F -o C:\SEL.txt -p -b IF NOT [%ERRORLEVEL%] ==[0] goto get_Error :Success echo Finished Succesffuly exit /B 0 goto end :get_error echo step Failed exit /B 40 :end

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  • Join me to register for the Summit

    - by Bill Graziano
    This year the Summit registration opens at 6PM on Sunday at the Seattle convention center.  Last year we had a dozen people hanging out, watching the twitter feed on the big monitor and catching up.  All we really needed was a bar and we’d have our own little party going. So this year I’m adding a bar.  I’ve arranged for a cash bar and some stand up tables.  I’m buying the first round for the first 40 or so people that come by.  Come by, register and say Hi.  I’d especially like to encourage first-time attendees to stop by.  This is a low key way to meet some people that will be at the conference.

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  • Rules of Holes #4 -Do You Have the BIG Picture?

    - by ArnieRowland
    Some folks decry the concept of being in a 'Hole'. For them, there is no such thing as 'Technical Debt', no such thing as maintaining weak and wobbly legacy code, no such thing as bad designs, no such thing as under-skilled or poorly performing co-workers, no such thing as 'fighting fires', or no such thing as management that doesn't share the corporate vision. They just go to work and do their job, keep their head down, and do whatever is required. Mostly. Until the day they are swallowed by the...(read more)

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  • Stock Analysis and Moving Average with PowerPivot

    - by Marco Russo (SQLBI)
    One week ago Alberto Ferrari wrote a post about how to do working days calculation in PowerPivot . You might think this is necessary only for accounting department or something like that… but in reality the same techniques are really useful to implement calculations that might be useful when you want to implement some stock analysis using PowerPivot and Excel! As you might know, in PowerPivot it is important having a Dates table containing all the days, without exceptions. But when you manage stock...(read more)

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  • PowerPivot: Putting two stocks on the same PivotChart

    - by AlbertoFerrari
    In a previous post , I have used a stock exchange scenario to speak about how to compute moving averages in a complex scenario. Playing with the same scenario, I felt the need to compare two stocks on the same chart, choosing the stock names with a slicer. As always, a picture is worth a thousand words, the final result I want to achieve is something like this, where I am comparing Microsoft over Apple during the last 10 years. It is clear that I am not going to comment in any way why traders seem...(read more)

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  • ALL, ALLEXCEPT and VALUES in DAX

    - by Marco Russo (SQLBI)
    When you use CALCULATE in DAX you are creating a new filter context for the calculation, based on the existing one. There are a few functions that are used to clear or preserve a column filter. These functions are: ALL – it can be used with one or more columns from a table, or with the name of a table. It returns all the values from the column(s) or all the rows from the table, ignoring any existing filter context. In other words, ALL clear an existing filter context on columns or table. We can use...(read more)

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  • New Samples on MSDN Code Gallery

    - by mattande
    (This post was contributed by John Burrows, Lead Program Manager for the MDS Team) A couple of new samples have been posted to the MSDN Code Gallery; two sample models that illustrate recursive and explicit cap hierarchies and a Visual Studio solution that contains an example of calling the Model Deployment API via code. Sample Models Employees The Employee sample model contains the employees of a fictitious Winery “Coho Winery” that has a legal structure in the form of three subsidiaries and an...(read more)

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  • Worst code I've written in a while

    - by merrillaldrich
    Here's a nice, compact bit of WTF-ery I had to write for a prod issue today: Again: UPDATE TOP ( 1 ) dbo . someTable SET field3 = 'NEW' WHERE field2 = 'NEW' AND field3 = '' IF @@ROWCOUNT > 0 GOTO Again Can you guess from the code what awesomesauce issues I was working around? This was a reminder for me that sometimes there is time to do it right, but sometimes you just have to do it now. I need that lesson sometimes, as I tend to be a perfectionist. If you are trying to do it right , please don't...(read more)

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  • Fast Track Data Warehouse 3.0 Reference Guide

    - by jchang
    Microsoft just release Fast Track Data Warehouse 3.0 Reference Guide version. The new changes are increased memory recommendation and the disks per RAID group change from 2-disk RAID 1 to 4-Disk RAID 10. Memory The earlier FTDW reference architecture cited 4GB memory per core. There was no rational behind this, but it was felt some rule was better than no rule. The new FTDW RG correctly cites the rational that more memory helps keep hash join intermediate results and sort operations in memory. 4-Disk...(read more)

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  • Be the first in the UK to leanr about Windows Mobile 7

    - by simonsabin
    Register Now for UK Tech Days: Windows Phone 7 Series https://msevents.microsoft.com/cui/EventDetail.aspx?culture=en-GB&eventid=1032442961   Come and join us to learn how to build applications and games for Windows Phone 7 Series.   Be amongst the first in the UK to learn how to build applications and games for Windows Phone 7 Series. We’ll introduce you to the development platform and show you how to work with the Windows Phone 7 Series development tools.  Each session will ramp up your knowledge and help you become skilled in developing games and apps for Windows Phone 7.   This will be a fun and practical day of detailed Windows Phone 7 Series development sessions covering the new Windows Phone 7 Series specification, applications technologies and services.  

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  • CIOs: Stop Mandating Training

    - by merrillaldrich
    I love to learn about new technology, and I especially love a long deep-dive technical session with a real expert or a well-crafted, inches thick technical book. Even if either one is expensive. Learning is probably my favorite thing to do. Yet I stand before you with an appeal: Stop “sending people to training.” Why would I say such a thing? Because failure is baked right into that very phrase: “sending people to training.” Death by Training Most of us in the IT world have probably experienced this...(read more)

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  • Speaking at PASS 2012 Summit in Seattle #sqlpass

    - by Marco Russo (SQLBI)
    I will deliver two sessions at the next PASS Summit 2012: one is title Inside DAX Query Plans and the other is Near Real-Time Analytics with xVelocity (without DirectQuery).These will be two sessions that require a lot of preparation and even if I have already much to say, I still have a long work to do this summer in order to go deeper in several details that I want to investigate for completing these sessions.I already look forward to come back in Seattle!In the meantime, you have to study SSAS Tabular and if you want to get a real jumpstart why not attending one of the next SSAS Tabular Workshop Online? We are working on more dates for this fall, but there are a few dates already scheduled.And, last but not least, the early Rough Cuts edition of our upcoming SSAS Tabular book is finally available here (really near to the final print)!

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  • Working with legacy data

    - by John Paul Cook
    We encounter legacy data as a part of life. Colleges and universities have transcript records dating back decades or even centuries. Real estate property records in the United States go as far back as Spanish and British land grants in the 1500s. Very old records are completely paper based and may be completely manually prepared, perhaps typed on a typewriter or written in longhand with a quill pen. How long should transcripts be retained? Nola Ochs graduated from college at age 95 (can you imagine...(read more)

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  • Feedback from SQLBits 8

    - by Peter Larsson
    This years SQLBits occurred in Brighton. Although I didn’t have the opportunity to attend the full conference, I did a presentation at Saturday. Getting to Brighton was easy. Drove to Copenhagen airport at 0415, flew 0605 and arrived at Gatwick 0735. Then I took the direct train to Brighton and showed up at 0830, just one hour before presenting. This was the easy part. Getting home was much worse. Presentation ended at 1030 and I had to rush to the train station to get back to London, change to tube for Heathrow. Made it at the gate just 15 seconds before closing. That included a half mile run in the airport… Anyway, yesterday I got the feedback for my presentation. It does look good, especially since English is not my first language. This is the first graph Seems to be just halfway between conference average and best session. I can live with that. Second graph shows more detail about attendees voting. It also look acceptable. A wider spread for the 9’s, but it is an inevitable effect from how attendees percept the session. I did get a lot of 8’s and the lower grades in an descending order. The two people voting 4 and 5 didn’t say why they voted this so I don’t know how to remedy this. Third graph is about each category of votes.   Again, I find this acceptable. The Session abstract and Speaker’s knowledge seems to follow attendees expectations compared to conference average. I seem to have met the attendees expectations (and some more) for the other four categories, also compared to conference average. Since this did encourage me, I believe I will present some more at future meetings. I do have a new presentation about something all developers are doing every day but they may not know it. I will also cover this new topic in the next Deep Dives II book. Stay tuned! //Peter

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  • Install Base Transaction Error Troubleshooting

    - by LuciaC
    Oracle Installed Base is an item instance life cycle tracking application that facilitates enterprise-wide life cycle item management and tracking capability.In a typical process flow a sales order is created and shipped, this updates Inventory and creates a new item instance in Install Base (IB).  The Inventory update results in a record being placed in the SFM Event Queue.  If the record is successfully processed the IB tables are updated, if there is an error the record is placed in the csi_txn_errors table and the error needs to be resolved so that the IB instance can be created.It's extremely important to be proactive and monitor IB Transaction Errors regularly.  Errors cascade and can build up exponentially if not resolved. Due to this cascade effect, error records need to be considered as a whole and not individually; the root cause of any error needs to be resolved first and this may result in the subsequent errors resolving themselves. Install Base Transaction Error Diagnostic Program In the past the IBtxnerr.sql script was used to diagnose transaction errors, this is now replaced by an enhanced concurrent program version of the script. See the following note for details of how to download, install and run the concurrent program as well as details of how to interpret the results: Doc ID 1501025.1 - Install Base Transaction Error Diagnostic Program  The program provides comprehensive information about the errors found as well as links to known knowledge articles which can help to resolve the specific error. Troubleshooting Watch the replay of the 'EBS CRM: 11i and R12 Transaction Error Troubleshooting - an Overview' webcast or download the presentation PDF (go to Doc ID 1455786.1 and click on 'Archived 2011' tab).  The webcast and PDF include more information, including SQL statements that you can use to identify errors and their sources as well as recommended setup and troubleshooting tips. Refer to these notes for comprehensive information: Doc ID 1275326.1: E-Business Oracle Install Base Product Information Center Doc ID 1289858.1: Install Base Transaction Errors Master Repository Doc ID: 577978.1: Troubleshooting Install Base Errors in the Transaction Errors Processing Form  Don't forget your Install Base Community where you can ask questions to help you resolve your IB transaction errors.

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  • Investigating on xVelocity (VertiPaq) column size

    - by Marco Russo (SQLBI)
      In January I published an article about how to optimize high cardinality columns in VertiPaq. In the meantime, VertiPaq has been rebranded to xVelocity: the official name is now “xVelocity in-memory analytics engine (VertiPaq)” but using xVelocity and VertiPaq when we talk about Analysis Services has the same meaning. In this post I’ll show how to investigate on columns size of an existing Tabular database so that you can find the most important columns to be optimized. A first approach can be looking in the DataDir of Analysis Services and look for the folder containing the database. Then, look for the biggest files in all subfolders and you will find the name of a file that contains the name of the most expensive column. However, this heuristic process is not very optimized. A better approach is using a DMV that provides the exact information. For example, by using the following query (open SSMS, open an MDX query on the database you are interested to and execute it) you will see all database objects sorted by used size in a descending way. SELECT * FROM $SYSTEM.DISCOVER_STORAGE_TABLE_COLUMN_SEGMENTS ORDER BY used_size DESC You can look at the first rows in order to understand what are the most expensive columns in your tabular model. The interesting data provided are: TABLE_ID: it is the name of the object – it can be also a dictionary or an index COLUMN_ID: it is the column name the object belongs to – you can also see ID_TO_POS and POS_TO_ID in case they refer to internal indexes RECORDS_COUNT: it is the number of rows in the column USED_SIZE: it is the used memory for the object By looking at the ration between USED_SIZE and RECORDS_COUNT you can understand what you can do in order to optimize your tabular model. Your options are: Remove the column. Yes, if it contains data you will never use in a query, simply remove the column from the tabular model Change granularity. If you are tracking time and you included milliseconds but seconds would be enough, round the data source column to the nearest second. If you have a floating point number but two decimals are good enough (i.e. the temperature), round the number to the nearest decimal is relevant to you. Split the column. Create two or more columns that have to be combined together in order to produce the original value. This technique is described in VertiPaq optimization article. Sort the table by that column. When you read the data source, you might consider sorting data by this column, so that the compression will be more efficient. However, this technique works better on columns that don’t have too many distinct values and you will probably move the problem to another column. Sorting data starting from the lower density columns (those with a few number of distinct values) and going to higher density columns (those with high cardinality) is the technique that provides the best compression ratio. After the optimization you should be able to reduce the used size and improve the count/size ration you measured before. If you are interested in a longer discussion about internal storage in VertiPaq and you want understand why this approach can save you space (and time), you can attend my 24 Hours of PASS session “VertiPaq Under the Hood” on March 21 at 08:00 GMT.

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  • How to get innovation in product development?

    - by simonsabin
    I was at Redgate last week and say plastered all over the canteen wall flip chart sheets with ideas scrawled over them. I was going to take a photo but thought it might not be allowed. I asked what it was all about and they told me that ALL the development team are going to stop working on what they are doing and do whatever they want. Whatever they want? yes So thats the whole team working on something? No, it can be individual or in groups. Having worked in product teams before I and the others...(read more)

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  • Connect Digest : 2012-07-06

    - by AaronBertrand
    I've filed a few Connect items recently that I think are important. In #752210 , I complain that the documentation for DDL triggers suggests that they can prevent certain DDL from being run, which is not the case at all. http://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/752210/doc-ddl-trigger-topic-suggests-that-rollbacks-run-before-action In #745796 , I complain that scripting datetime data in Management Studio yields output that contains a binary representation instead of a human-readable...(read more)

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  • High memory utilization by sqlservr.exe process

    - by abdul samad
    Sub:High memory utilization by sqlservr.exe process. When I look into task manager --processes or by using perfmon memory counters(Sqlserver:memory manager:Target server memory and Total server memory) I am getting high memory utilization by sqlservr.exe process nearly 8 GB (Target server memory counter) and 7.95 GB (Total server memory). and when I restart the MSSQLSERVER service it again shoots up to the same size. I am getting this issue quite frequently. Please help me out in identifying why sql server is using so much memory and how to find out what query , stored procedure etc is making sql server use that much memory. * I am not using any triggers or cursors in my code. Thanks

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  • Human Resources Sucks

    - by andyleonard
    Introduction This post is the twenty-seventh part of a ramble-rant about the software business. The current posts in this series are: Goodwill, Negative and Positive Visions, Quests, Missions Right, Wrong, and Style Follow Me Balance, Part 1 Balance, Part 2 Definition of a Great Team The 15-Minute Meeting Metaproblems: Drama The Right Question Software is Organic, Part 1 Metaproblem: Terror I Don't Work On My Car A Turning Point Human Doings Everything Changes Getting It Right The First Time One-Time...(read more)

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  • Windows Not Sleeping All Night

    - by John Paul Cook
    Having a computer wake up when you don’t want it to wastes electricity and drains the battery on mobile devices. My desktop had been waking up at night, so I assumed it was some network traffic on my home network. I unchecked Allow this device to wake the computer on my network adapters . Figure 1. Network adapter Power Management tab. That didn’t solve the problem. I included the screen capture in Figure 1 because it could be part of the solution for someone else. To identify the root cause instead...(read more)

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