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• Use GRUB/GRUB2 to PXE boot OS image

  - by Jack

  Asked this in stackoverflow but they recommended I post this here: Here is the situation I am in: I currently have a Windows drive that boots XP. The BIOS does not support PXE booting so this is out of the question. Therefore, I was thinking I could install a customized GRUB bootloader on it instead such that it will have the option to PXE boot an image from a DHCP server connected to it and have the option to load Windows as it normally does (two items in menu). The catch is it may need to be automated (meaning no keyboard), so is there any way to run a script pre-boot during GRUB loading that determines if DHCP / TFTP servers are running and attempt to PXE boot an image from the network (and if not, say timeout of 10 seconds, regularly boot from Windows drive)? If this is not possible, what are some other options / suggestions? I was reading up on grub4dos as well but I'm not sure that is what I need. FWIW, I'm free to do whatever I want to the drive. I'd really appreciate some help on this as I'm not sure where to start. Thanks!

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• Enabling http access on port 80 for centos 6.3 from console

  - by Hugo

  Have a centos 6.3 box running on Parallels and I'm trying to open port 80 to be accesible from outside tried the gui solution from this post and it works, but I need to get it done from a script. Tried to do this: sudo /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT sudo /sbin/iptables-save sudo /sbin/service iptables restart This creates exactly the same iptables entries as the GUI tool except it does not work: $ telnet xx.xxx.xx.xx 80 Trying xx.xxx.xx.xx... telnet: connect to address xx.xxx.xx.xx: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host UPDATE: $ netstat -ntlp (No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=500 but you should be root.) Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37439 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::60472 :::* LISTEN - $ sudo cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Wed Dec 12 18:04:25 2012 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [5:640] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT # Completed on Wed Dec 12 18:04:25 2012

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• How to install wordpress without a web browser

  - by bvandrunen

  What I am trying to do is to automate wordpress website creation for the company I am working on. We have lots of information in our database for our customers and we want to create a wordpress website for each customer. The process works great and we have no trouble with the creation of websites/transfer of data or anything like that. The problem we do have is when we buy a new domain (http://www.newdomain.com) our process breaks (we call a stored procedure which installs all the data after the URL is called to install wordpress) if the domain takes more than 15min to resolve. We have tried doing looping (where the process checks to see if the domain resolves and keeps trying - but eventually if fails). So what we are looking for is to see if there is a way to install an URL without actually having the domain resolve yet. I have seen where possibilities where you can change the wp-config file but this doesn't work since we have more than one domain and it changes the source URL for all the domains. What we really need is just a way for us to manually start the install script through a call either through a database or some other way that doesn't check to see if the domain is resolved or pointing at the server or not. Thank for any suggestions. EDIT: All we do to install wordpress is call this URL: http://"newdomain".com/wp-admin/install.php?step=2 - if you change settings in the backend calling this URL will install wordpress without having to go through the wp-admin/install.php form

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• Force request to miss cache but still store the response

  - by Tom Marthenal

  I have a slow web app that I've placed Varnish in front of. All of the pages are static (they don't vary for a different user), but they need to be updated every 5 minutes so they contain recent data. I have a simple script (wget --mirror) that crawls the entire website every 15 minutes. Each crawl takes about 5 minutes. The point of the crawl is to update every page in the Varnish cache so that a user never has to wait for the page to generate (since all pages have been generated recently thanks to the spider). The timeline looks like this: 00:00:00: Cache flushed 00:00:00: Spider starts crawling to update cache with new pages 00:05:00: Spider finishes crawling, all pages are updated until 1:15 A request that comes in between 0:00:00 and 0:05:00 might hit a page that hasn't been updated yet, and will be forced to wait a few seconds for a response. This isn't acceptable. What I'd like to do is, perhaps using some VCL magic, always foward requests from the spider to the backend, but still store the response in the cache. This way, a user will never have to wait for a page to generate since there is no 5-minute window in which parts of the cache are empty (except perhaps at server startup). How can I do this?

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• Enable bitlocker an save key to share

  - by user273694

  I have searched all over the web but cannot find a complete answer to this: How to enable Bitlocker on a laptop with TPM, and store a file with the Bitlocker recovery key and TPM password by USING THE manage-bde command line tool. The file should be the same as when created in the Bitlocker manager UI. I DO NOT want to save to AD. The same question was asked here but was not answered correctly. The goal is to write a script to be used with an endpoint manager. I have tried the following: manage-bde -on C: Works fine, but does not create or save a key. manage-bde -on C: -rk C:\myfolder\ and manage-bde -on C: -RecoveryKey C:\myfolder\ -rp The output from the last two methods state that a key has been saved to c:\myfolder and so on, but that is not the case. It also says that I have to: Save the password in a secure location Insert a USB flash drive with an external key file into the computer. Restart and run hardware test type "manage-bde -status" to check if the hardware test succeeded After a restart, I get an error saying that Bitlocker could not be enabled because the bitlocker startup key or recovery kpassword cannot be found on the USB device.... C: was not encrypted. Why am I asked to insert a USB?? I simply want to encrypt the hard drive and save the recovery information to a file automatically. Is that too much to ask? Help please!

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• iTunes copy just metadata (song and album ratings, playlists) from iPod

  - by Jared Updike

  I have an iPod touch that I synched with my Windows computer (iTunes 9.0 I think) until my harddrive failed and I lost my entire library. I rebuilt the library (songs) from a year old backup (and various other source for songs) but my playlists and ratings are of course a year old. My iPod itself has most of the playlists and ratings I care most about (favorite songs and albums, rated 4 and 5, for example). I have a catch 22 situation where I feel nervous that I haven't backed up my iPod in around 4 months (when my drive failed) so I'd like to back it up as soon as possible... but if I back it up I have to clear all the songs and playlists and copy them back, which I can't really do since I need to rebuild my playlists on my computer first (using the data only available on my iPod!) The question: is there a better way to READ the information off my iPod than doing it manually, song by song and album by album and playlist by playlist (XML, text dump, database, spreadsheet, anything). In other words, mostly I want the information (metadata like ratings and playlists, not songs) copied off the iPod so I can more quickly get my iTunes library ratings and playlists re-built (manually) so I can finally wipe the music and back up my apps, etc. Then I'd like to copy the music back immediately. The part I'd like to avoid is manually navigating everything on my iPod to read through all the playlists and ratings (50 GB, 6,000+ songs) as I re-enter all of that data by hand. I've done a few dozen albums and it's pretty time consuming having to tap around on the iPod. Reading from a spreadsheet (for example, or XML which I could write a script to get into spreadsheet form) would probably help tremendously, plus then I'd have a backup of that information somewhere besides just my iPod.

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• Push, parse & import "selected" data, text, info blobs from Webpages/ Emails as Event/ Appointment to standard Calendar directly or as .ics file?

  - by Alex S

  Any tool, plugin, extension, script/ code to push "selected" data, text, information blobs from Web pages, Emails etc, then parsed and imported to structured Event, Appointment (e.g. .ics) on a standard Calendar like Outlook, Google, iCal? If not, what and how could I use some scripting, coding or existing tools, extensions to add on top and do this. I come across a lot of unstructured information on Webpages, Emails, FB events etc. where I just want to add that information to my Calendar. Instead of entering all the information by hand all the time, there should be an easy enough way to have the information get parsed, organized and imported to a Calendar... Either directly to a calendar from source or Translated to a standard format such as .ICS that can be imported & saved easily. Would love to see some suggestions for this incorporating one or more of the following: on Windows with Chrome & Outlook on iPhone/ iPad to its Calendar PS: I'll come back and see if I can add more information to this question and to answer it as well. I have not found a solution yet.

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• Switch between network configurations via command line in fedora 17

  - by Mike Fairhurst

  I have two different setups I use on my work laptop; one enables synergy over an ethernet ssh tunnel with my work computer on the local network, and the other opens an HTTP tunnel to my work computer from outside the network. When I have wifi enabled at work, my laptop seems to use it by preference. This makes synergy run incredibly slowly. At home I must use wifi. I have scripts that begin my ssh tunnels, add my ssh keys, and starts up other programs like synergy, and close themselves when I shut my laptop. However, every day I have to start out my routine by opening my gnome-control-center and turning on my ethernet. I have tried route add and ifup, none of it works, so I dove into gnome-control-center's source code and found that it enabled the connection by libnm's method nm_client_activate_connection with some libnm specific structs that I am having trouble tracking down. I'm not much of a c programmer, and I'm not familiar with either GTK or libnm. Does anybody know what fedora 17 does with ethernet connections to fully enable them? Or does anybody know what libnm does to fully enable an ethernet connection? Do I have to write a c script to run libnm for me to fully emulate whatever gnome-control-center is trying to do?

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• How to improve Varnish performance?

  - by Darkseal

  We're experiencing a strange problem with our current Varnish configuration. 4x Web Servers (IIS 6.5 on Windows 2003 Server, each installed on a Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5450 @ 3.00GHz Quad Core, 4GB RAM) 3x Varnish Servers (varnish-3.0.3 revision 9e6a70f on Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS - 64 bit/precise, Kernel Linux 3.2.0-29-generic, each installed on a Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5450 @ 3.00GHz Quad Core, 4GB RAM) The Varnish Servers performance are awfully bad in general, to the point that if we shut down one of them the other two are unable to fullfill all the requests and start to skip beats resulting in pending requests, timeouts, 404, etc. What can we do to improve our Varnish performance? Considering that we're getting less than 5k request per seconds during our max peak, we should be able to serve our pages even with a single one of them without any problem. We use a standard, vanilla CFG, as shown by this varnishadm param.show output: acceptor_sleep_decay 0.900000 [] acceptor_sleep_incr 0.001000 [s] acceptor_sleep_max 0.050000 [s] auto_restart on [bool] ban_dups on [bool] ban_lurker_sleep 0.010000 [s] between_bytes_timeout 60.000000 [s] cc_command "exec gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O2 -pthread -fpic -shared - Wl,-x -o %o %s" cli_buffer 8192 [bytes] cli_timeout 20 [seconds] clock_skew 10 [s] connect_timeout 0.700000 [s] critbit_cooloff 180.000000 [s] default_grace 10.000000 [seconds] default_keep 0.000000 [seconds] default_ttl 120.000000 [seconds] diag_bitmap 0x0 [bitmap] esi_syntax 0 [bitmap] expiry_sleep 1.000000 [seconds] fetch_chunksize 128 [kilobytes] fetch_maxchunksize 262144 [kilobytes] first_byte_timeout 60.000000 [s] group varnish (113) gzip_level 6 [] gzip_memlevel 8 [] gzip_stack_buffer 32768 [Bytes] gzip_tmp_space 0 [] gzip_window 15 [] http_gzip_support off [bool] http_max_hdr 64 [header lines] http_range_support on [bool] http_req_hdr_len 8192 [bytes] http_req_size 32768 [bytes] http_resp_hdr_len 8192 [bytes] http_resp_size 32768 [bytes] idle_send_timeout 60 [seconds] listen_address :80 listen_depth 1024 [connections] log_hashstring on [bool] log_local_address off [bool] lru_interval 2 [seconds] max_esi_depth 5 [levels] max_restarts 4 [restarts] nuke_limit 50 [allocations] pcre_match_limit 10000 [] pcre_match_limit_recursion 10000 [] ping_interval 3 [seconds] pipe_timeout 60 [seconds] prefer_ipv6 off [bool] queue_max 100 [%] rush_exponent 3 [requests per request] saintmode_threshold 10 [objects] send_timeout 600 [seconds] sess_timeout 5 [seconds] sess_workspace 16384 [bytes] session_linger 50 [ms] session_max 100000 [sessions] shm_reclen 255 [bytes] shm_workspace 8192 [bytes] shortlived 10.000000 [s] syslog_cli_traffic on [bool] thread_pool_add_delay 2 [milliseconds] thread_pool_add_threshold 2 [requests] thread_pool_fail_delay 200 [milliseconds] thread_pool_max 2000 [threads] thread_pool_min 5 [threads] thread_pool_purge_delay 1000 [milliseconds] thread_pool_stack unlimited [bytes] thread_pool_timeout 300 [seconds] thread_pool_workspace 65536 [bytes] thread_pools 2 [pools] thread_stats_rate 10 [requests] user varnish (106) vcc_err_unref on [bool] vcl_dir /etc/varnish vcl_trace off [bool] vmod_dir /usr/lib/varnish/vmods waiter default (epoll, poll) This is our default.vcl file: LINK sub vcl_recv { # BASIC recv COMMANDS: # # lookup -> search the item in the cache # pass -> always serve a fresh item (no-caching) # pipe -> like pass but ensures a direct-connection with the backend (no-cache AND no-proxy) # Allow the backend to serve up stale content if it is responding slow. # This defines when Varnish should use a stale object if it has one in the cache. set req.grace = 30s; if (client.ip == "127.0.0.1") { # request from NGINX - do not alter X-Forwarded-For set req.http.HTTPS = "on"; } else { # Add an X-Forwarded-For to keep track of original request unset req.http.HTTPS; unset req.http.X-Forwarded-For; set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip; } set req.backend = www_director; # Strip all cookies to force an anonymous request when the back-end servers are down. if (!req.backend.healthy) { unset req.http.Cookie; } ## HHTP Accept-Encoding if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { unset req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") { /* non-RFC2616 or CONNECT */ return (pipe); } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { /* only deal with GET and HEAD by default */ return (pass); } if (req.http.Authorization) { return (pass); } if (req.http.HTTPS ~ "on") { return (pass); } ###################################################### # COOKIE HANDLING ###################################################### # METHOD 1: do not remove cookies, but pass the page if they contain TB_NC if (!(req.url ~ "(?i)\.(png|gif|ipeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?[a-z0-9]+)?$")) { if (req.http.Cookie && req.http.Cookie ~ "TB_NC") { return (pass); } } return (lookup); } # Code determining what to do when serving items from the IIS Server sub vcl_fetch { unset beresp.http.Server; set beresp.http.Server = "Server-1"; # Allow items to be stale if needed. This is the maximum time Varnish should keep an object. set beresp.grace = 1h; if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.(png|gif|ipeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?[a-z0-9]+)?$") { unset beresp.http.set-cookie; } # Default Varnish VCL logic if (!beresp.cacheable || beresp.ttl <= 0s || beresp.http.Set-Cookie || beresp.http.Vary == "*") { set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # Not Cacheable if it has specific TB_NC no-caching cookie if (req.http.Cookie && req.http.Cookie ~ "TB_NC") { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO:Got Cookie"; set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # Not Cacheable if it has Cache-Control private else if (beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "private") { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO:Cache-Control=private"; set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # Not Cacheable if it has Cache-Control no-cache or Pragma no-cache else if (beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache" || beresp.http.Pragma ~ "no-cache") { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO:Cache-Control=no-cache (or pragma no-cache)"; set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # If we reach to this point, the object is cacheable. # Cacheable but with not enough ttl: we need to extend the lifetime of the object artificially # NOTE: Varnish default TTL is set in /etc/sysconfig/varnish # and can be checked using the following command: # varnishadm param.show default_ttl else if (beresp.ttl < 1s) { set beresp.ttl = 5s; set beresp.grace = 5s; set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "YES:FORCED"; } # Cacheable and with valid TTL. else { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "YES"; } # DEBUG INFO (Cookies) # set beresp.http.X-Cookie-Debug = "Request cookie: " + req.http.Cookie; return(deliver); } sub vcl_error { set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"; if (obj.status == 404) { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for the 404 page goes here --> "}; } else if (obj.status == 500) { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for the 500 page goes here --> "}; } else if (obj.status == 503) { if (req.restarts < 4) { return(restart); } else { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for the 503 page goes here --> "}; } } else { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for a generic error page goes here --> "}; } } sub vcl_deliver { if (obj.hits > 0) { set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT"; } else { set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS"; } } Thanks in advance,

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• Linux Centos 6 becomes unavailable from time to time - OS&network issue

  - by adoado0

  I am encountering following problem. There is one server (DL160 G5) running Centos 6.3 with default kernel 2.6.32-220.2.1.el6.x86_64 - at this point I'd like to add that issue appeared also at older version - 6.1 and older kernel (do not remember exactly which version). There is cPanel installed and from time to time it becomes unavailable (network connection). What I've checked is (via KVMoIP): load average is completely normal it does not lack memory or disk space when problem occurs no console notifications checked all access logs and there is no sign that it can be caused by a client script cannot even access local interface (127.0.0.1) or main IP address running tcpdump I can only see packets arriving to server - no responses all services seem to be running properly (mail,sql,http,ssh) checked crontab and all clients' crontabs too network port utilisation is low ( up to several Mbits) arriving packet rate is low - hundreds per second (according to tcpdump) console (via kvmoip) works fine, no lags there is no conntrack at this server there is no ipv6 at this server flushing iptables, unloading modules does not resolve problem restarting network does not resolve problem, no errors appear it also occurs when two sepearate networks are configured (and multiple gateways) as well as one IP, one default gw and one network is configured - so it seems network configuration independent it seems to repeat randomly (load,packet rate,bandwith usage,load independent) checked server with different rootkit detection tools - it seems to be clean server has been rebooted, it did not change anything there are no interface errors it apperas randomly can be once a week or several times per day It usually works fine after 1-15 minutes. What I can also check? It is definitely OS issue - there is traffic at interface only in one direction when problem occurs, can not even ping loopback. Any ideas? Recommended checks? Anything I did not checked above.

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• postfix revived and delivered have the same values (?)

  - by thinkingbig

  I have configured my first server (Debian with ISPConfig). Generally i want to send bulk e-mails to our users, i configure postfix and turn on postfix... but... After 1 hour of sending emails i have logs like this: Grand Totals messages 21886 received 21883 delivered 0 forwarded 0 deferred 234 bounced 0 rejected (0%) 0 reject warnings 0 held 0 discarded (0%) 30805k bytes received 31280k bytes delivered 3 senders 3 sending hosts/domains 12588 recipients 3 recipient hosts/domains Per-Hour Traffic Summary time received delivered deferred bounced rejected -------------------------------------------------------------------- 0000-0100 0 0 0 0 0 0100-0200 0 0 0 0 0 0200-0300 0 0 0 0 0 0300-0400 0 0 0 0 0 0400-0500 0 0 0 0 0 0500-0600 0 0 0 0 0 0600-0700 0 0 0 0 0 0700-0800 0 0 0 0 0 0800-0900 0 0 0 0 0 0900-1000 0 0 0 0 0 1000-1100 0 0 0 0 0 1100-1200 0 0 0 0 0 1200-1300 0 0 0 0 0 1300-1400 0 0 0 0 0 1400-1500 0 0 0 0 0 1500-1600 15311 15306 0 168 0 1600-1700 6575 6577 0 66 0 1700-1800 0 0 0 0 0 1800-1900 0 0 0 0 0 1900-2000 0 0 0 0 0 2000-2100 0 0 0 0 0 2100-2200 0 0 0 0 0 2200-2300 0 0 0 0 0 2300-2400 0 0 0 0 0 Host/Domain Summary: Message Delivery sent cnt bytes defers avg dly max dly host/domain 21521 30353k 0 3.4 m 15.5 m wp.pl 355 919k 0 54.9 s 13.0 m mysenderdomainexample.pl 7 8477 0 1.7 s 1.9 s prokonto.pl Host/Domain Summary: Messages Received msg cnt bytes host/domain 21879 30786k mysenderdomainexample.pl 5 16196 mx4.wp.pl 1 3200 mx3.wp.pl Senders by message count 21783 [email protected] 96 [email protected] 6 from=< **So, my question is: 1) Why i have recived and delivered have the same values (approx)? 2) How can I check if an email has been delivered? 3) How to change default "root" and "www-data" user (FROM / RETURN PATH) to another? I have changed this in script, but postfix ignore scripting values and send every mail from root (we have .php send cron's in /etc/crontab) 4) WHY APPROX 100 % MAILS RECIVED HAS BEEN ADRESED TO MY SENDER HOST? Host/Domain Summary: Messages Received Waiting for respond, Regards TB**

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• Would a PHP application benefit from being served from a RAM drive?

  - by Tom Marthenal

  I am in charge of hosting a PHP application that is large and slow, but easy to scale. The application is entirely static, with writable disk storage needed. We've profiled the application, and the main bottleneck appears to come from loading the application and not the work the application does. The application is not CPU-intensive, although it does use a fair amount of memory (think Magento). Currently we distribute it by having a series of servers with the same PHP files on their hard drive and a load balancer in front of them. Easy but expensive. I've been reading about RAM disks and the IO benefits they offer, and was wondering if they would be well-suited to PHP applications. Since PHP applications are loaded from disk for every request and often involve lots of different files (as opposed to being kept in memory like with a Java application), I would figure that disk performance can be a severe bottleneck. Would placing the PHP files on a RAM disk and using the mount point as Apache's document root offer performance benefits? A startup script could create the RAM drive and then copy the files (which are plain-text and small) from a permanent location to the temporary RAM drive. Does this make sense, or should I just trust the linux kernel to cache the appropriate files in memory by itself?

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• Xen virtual host can reach some sites but not others

  - by Tun H S Lee

  Okay, this is killing me. Debian Squeeze, Xen 4.0, brand new install. No iptables rules whatsoever except for the ones added by the default xen bridge script. Dom0 can reach the entire world, no problems. DomU can receive packets from some hosts, but not from others. For instance, if I ping Host A, it works fine. If I ping Host B, the DomU reports 100% packet loss. The hosts are random, but consistent (even after reboots). I can see no pattern to why some work and others don't. In fact, in some cases, different virtual hosts on the same server (an other server at a different data center) are divided; some work and others do not. I can reboot (DomU or Dom0 too) and the same hosts will work or fail as before. If I tcpdump on the Host B while pinging from the DomU, everything looks fine. It sees the echo request coming in and says it's sending one back. However, if I tcpdump peth0 on the Dom0, it never sees the echo reply. Any ideas what could be happening? I'm tearing my hair out here.

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• Single application through OpenVPN tunnel (Debian Lenny)

  - by user14124

  I'm using Debian Lenny and I want to tunnel rtorrent only through a OpenVPN tunnel. I have a tunnel running, the config file looks like this: client dev tun proto udp remote openvpn.xxx.com 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca /etc/openvpn/xxx/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/xxx/keys/client.crt key /etc/openvpn/xxx/keys/client.key tls-auth /etc/openvpn/xxx/keys/tls.key 1 ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3 auth-user-pass script-security 3 reneg-sec 0 My idea is that I could run a sockd proxy internally that redirects traffic to the openvpn tunnel. I could use the *nix "proxifier" application "tsocks" to make it possible for rtorrent to connect through that proxy (as rtorrent doesn't support proxies). I have trouble configuring sockd as my IP inside the VPN changes every time I connect. This is a config file someone said would help: http://ircpimps.org/sockd.conf As my IP changes at each connect I don't know what to put in that config file. I have no control over the host side config file. Any help wanted. Any other method is very welcome.

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• Can mod-rewrite be used to set environmental variables?

  - by VLostBoy

  Hi, I've got an existing simple rewrite rule like so: <Directory /path> RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / # if the requested resource does not exist RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d # route the uri to a front controller RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L] </Directory> This works fine, but I want to do one of either two things. On the basis of detecting the clients accept-language header, I want to either (i) Set the detected language as an environmental variable that the script can use or (ii)Rewrite the request so that the url begins with the language code (e.g. www.example.com/en/some/resource) In terms of implementing (i), I defined this rule: <Directory /path> RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / # if the requested resource does not exist RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d # if the users preferred language is supported... RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^.*(de|es|fr|it|ja|ru|en).*$ [NC] # define an environmental variable PREFER_LANG RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [env=PREFER_LANG:%1] # route the uri to a front controller RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L] </Directory> I've tried a few variations, but PREFER_LANG is not defined in $_SERVER nor retrievable by getenv. In terms of implementing (ii)... lets just say its messy. I'll post it if I can't get an answer to one. Can anyone advise me? Thanks!

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• How to import this data set into excel? (column headings on each row delimited by a colon)

  - by Anonymous

  I'm trying to import the following data set into Excel. I've had no luck with the text import wizard. I'd like Excel to make id, name, street, etc the column names and insert each record onto a new row. , id: sdfg:435-345, name: Some Name, type: , street: Address Line 1, Some Place, postalcode: DN2 5FF, city: Cityhere, telephoneNumber: 01234 567890, mobileNumber: 01234 567890, faxNumber: /, url: http://www.website.co.uk, email: [email protected], remark: , geocode: 526.2456;-0.8520, category: some, more, info , id: sdfg:435-345f, name: Some Name, type: , street: Address Line 1, Some Place, postalcode: DN2 5FF, city: Cityhere, telephoneNumber: 01234 567890, mobileNumber: 01234 567890, faxNumber: /, url: http://www.website.co.uk, email: [email protected], remark: , geocode: 526.2456;-0.8520, category: some, more, info Is there any easy way to do this with Excel? I'm struggling to think of a way to convert this to a conventional CSV easily. As far as I can think, I'd have to remove the labels from each line, enclose each line in quotes, then delimit them with commas. Obviously that's made a little more difficult to script though seeing as some fields (address, for instance) contain comma-delimited data. I'm not good with regex at all. What's the best way to tackle this?

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• credit or minclass does not work well with pam_cracklib.so in common-password (opeSuSe 11.3)

  - by Mario

  I'm trying to implement password complexities on my pdc. It's a samba PDC with openLDAP backend. I tried cracklib-check but it looks like that I should have a decent and localize version of password library since the library out there usually comes in english. I also have another consideration that we will allow users to use any kind of password - even though it's dictionary based - as long as their passwords integrated with low/upper alphabet, digits, and other characters such as '$' or '_' (pam_cracklib.so calls them as classes). So here is my /etc/pam.d/common-password: #password requisite pam_pwcheck.so nullok cracklib password requisite pam_cracklib.so minclass=4 reject_username ##password requisite pam_cracklib.so \ ## dcredit=-1 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-1 ocredit=-1 reject_username password optional pam_gnome_keyring.so use_autht_ok password required pam_unix2.so use_authtok nullok The first commented line (with #) was the default configuration of openSuse 11.3. The 2nd/3rd (with leading ##) is another configuration I use when minclass=4 line is commented out. By the way, I have 'check password script' = /usr/local/sbin/crackcheck -d /usr/share/cracklib/pw_dict and passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://127.0.0.1 parameters in smb.conf and cracklib-check works fine too. So here is the test I conduct. I logon to windows and then change my password. Sometimes it works fine that it trows error message - which what I wanted, but simple password with only lower alphabets can pass windows change password. Maybe I should make a new library which incorporates local vocabularies, but a guy out there (raise your hand please if you read this :) ) also experienced the same trouble with english word. Besides, what we really want is to let user to choose 2 or 3 format password out of 4 classes. Is there a bug or something with pam module in openSuse 11.3? Thank you in advance. Regards, Mario

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• Redirecting or routing all traffic to OpenVPN on a Mac OS X client

  - by sdr56p

  I have configured an OpenVPN (2.2.1) server on an Ubuntu virtual machine in the Amazon elastic compute cloud. The server is up and running. I have installed OpenVPN (2.2.1) on a Mac OS X (10.8.2) client and I am using the openvpn2 binary to connect (in opposition to other clients like Tunnelblick or Viscosity). I can connect with the client and successfully ping or ssh the server through the tunnel. However, I can't redirect all internet traffic through the VPN even if I use the push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" option in the server.conf configurations. When I connect to the server with these configurations, I get a successful connection, but then an infinite series of error messages: "write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65)". Traffic routing seems to be compromised because I am not able to access anything anymore, not even the OpenVPN server (by pinging 10.8.0.1 for instance). This is beyond me. I am finding little help on the web and don't know what to try next. I don't think it is a problem of forwarding the traffic on the server since, first, I have also took care of that and, second, I can't even ping the VPN server locally through the tunnel (or ping anything at all for that matter). Thank you for your help. Here is the server.conf. file: port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca ca.crt cert ec2-server.crt key ec2-server.key # This file should be kept secret dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" client-to-client keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 3 And the client.conf file: client dev tun proto udp remote servername.com 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert Toto5.crt key Toto5.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3 Here is the connection log with the error messages: $ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=ffbaf343 d0c1a266 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed ^CWed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 event_wait : Interrupted system call (code=4) Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 /sbin/route delete -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 delete net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 Closing TUN/TAP interface Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 SIGINT[hard,] received, process exiting toto5:ttntec2 Dominic$ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf --remote ec2-54-234-43-171.compute-1.amazonaws.com Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=a0d75468 ec26de14 Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 54.234.43.171 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 add net 54.234.43.171: gateway 0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 0.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 128.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) ... The routing table after a connection WITHOUT the push redirect-gateway (all traffic is not redirected to the VPN and everything is working fine, I can ping or ssh the OpenVPN server and access all other Internet resources through my default gateway): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default user148-1.wireless UGSc 50 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 7 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UH 3 2 tun0 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 6 6692 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 3 18 lo0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 2 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 50 0 en1 76 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 142.1.151.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI 0 2 en1 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSWi 0 0 en1 71 The routing table after a connection with the push redirect-gateway option enable as in the server.conf file above (all internet traffic should be redirected to the VPN tunnel, but nothing is working, I can't access any Internet ressources at all): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 1 0 tun0 default user148-1.wireless UGSc 7 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UHr 6 0 tun0 54.234.43.171/32 0.0.0.0 UGSc 1 0 en1 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 3 6698 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 0 27 lo0 128.0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 0 tun0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 1 0 en1 833 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSW 0 0 en1

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• Fill down in Excel, but based on multiple values

  - by Jenn D.

  I have spreadsheets (not created by me) that have blank entries in one column where they should really have data. I want to take every empty cell and fill it with the nearest value above it. I'm looking for as little manual intervention as possible, because I'll have to do it repeatedly. I thought some previous version of Excel, or maybe another spreadsheet from the distant past, would do this by default -- that is, if you selected the column with foo and bar, and chose the equivalent of "fill down", you would get what's in the WANT column. What I actually get in Excel is the GET column. HAVE: WANT: GET: foo 1 foo 1 foo 1 2 foo 2 foo 2 bar 1 bar 1 foo 1 2 bar 2 foo 2 3 bar 3 foo 3 I'm worried that this might need a macro to be done properly. I used to be a whiz with Excel macros, and then suddenly they were all in VB. My fallback position will be to dump the whole thing to CSV and write a Python script, but if there's any way to do it in Excel that would be much preferable. Even if it involves a couple of different manual steps, that's fine; just not one step per group of lines. That is, a process of "copy the column, do X to it, cut and paste it back" would work, but "do X for each occurrence of foo or bar" won't. The files are too big for that. Any thoughts are appreciated!

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• Zabbix doesn't update value from file neither with log[] nor with vfs.file.regexp[] item

  - by tymik

  I am using Zabbix 2.2. I have a very specific environment, where I have to generate desired data to file via script, then upload that file to ftp from host and download it to Zabbix server from ftp. After file is downloaded, I check it with log[] and vfs.file.regexp[] items. I use these items as below: log[/path/to/file.txt,"C.*\s([0-9]+\.[0-9])$",Windows-1250,,"all",\1] vfs.file.regexp[/path/to/file.txt,"C.*\s([0-9]+\.[0-9])$",Windows-1250,,,\1] The line I am parsing looks like below: C: 8195Mb 5879Mb 2316Mb 28.2 The value I want to extract is 28.2 at the end of file. The problem I am currently trying to solve is that when I update the file (upload from host to ftp, then download from ftp to Zabbix server), the value does not update. I was trying only log[] at start, but I suspect, that log[] treat the file as real log file and doesn't check the same lines (althought, following the documentation, it should with "all" value), so I added vfs.file.regexp[] item too. The log[] has received a value in past, but it doesn't update. The vfs.file.regexp[] hasn't received any value so far. file.txt has got reuploaded and redownloaded several times and situation doesn't change. It seems that log[] reads only new lines in the file, it doesn't check lines already caught if there are any changes. The zabbix_agentd.log file doesn't report any problem with access to file, nor with regexp construction (it did report "unsupported" for log[] key, when I had something set up wrong). I use debug logging level for agent - I haven't found any interesting info about that problem. I have no idea what I might be doing wrong or what I do not know about how Zabbix is performing these checks. I see 2 solutions for that: adding more lines to the file instead of making new one or making new files and check them with logrt[], but those doesn't satisfy my desires. Any help is greatly appreciated. Of course I will provide additional information, if requested - for now I don't know what else might be useful.

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• Re-packaging commercial software into RPM packages

  - by gac

  The situation is this - I have a small CentOS 5 "cluster" (currently 7 machines, but potential for more) which run a commercially available software package that's distributed essentially in tarball format (it's actually a zip file with a mixture of Windows/Linux binaries and an installation shell script with no potential for automation). I'd like to re-package this somehow into an RPM package (ideally that I can throw onto a self-hosted yum repository) in order to keep these "cluster" machines both up to date and consistent. I could do 7 manual installations, but there's scope for error. As I understand it, I'll need to accomplish the following tasks: add a non-privileged user to the target system for running the daemon without unnecessary root privileges package the binary files themselves up from the final installation location on a separate build machine (probably under /opt/package for sanity's sake). No source is available. add a firewall hole in order for the end-users to be able to communicate with the "cluster" nodes add a cron task which can start the daemon on @reboot I'm coming up with plenty of good packaging resources so far, but all are based on the traditional method (i.e. if I were the vendor packaging up my source files), rather than re-packaging a ton of binary files from an already-installed instance of the application, which is the only option available to me. Anyone have any good resources they can share for achieving this goal? Thanks!

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• Reverse SSH tunnel: how can I send my port number to the server?

  - by Tom

  I have two machines, Client and Server. Client (who is behind a corporate firewall) opens a reverse SSH tunnel to Server, which has a publicly-accessible IP address, using this command: ssh -nNT -R0:localhost:2222 [email protected] In OpenSSH 5.3+, the 0 occurring just after the -R means "pick an available port" rather than explicitly calling for one. The reason I'm doing this is because I don't want to pick a port that's already in use. In truth, there are actually many Clients out there that need to set up similar tunnels. The problem at this point is that the server does not know which Client is which. If we want to connect back to one of these Clients (via localhost) then how do we know which port refers to which client? I'm aware that ssh reports the port number to the command line when used in the above manner. However, I'd also like to use autossh to keep the sessions alive. autossh runs its child process via fork/exec, presumably, so that the output of the actual ssh command is lost in the ether. Furthermore, I can't think of any other way to get the remote port from Client. Thus, I'm wondering if there is a way to determine this port on Server. One idea I have is to somehow use /etc/sshrc, which is supposedly a script that runs for every connection. However, I don't know how one would get the pertinent information here (perhaps the PID of the particular sshd process handling that connection?) I'd love some pointers. Thanks!

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• How to (properly) back up a live QEMU/KVM VM?

  - by Roman

  I'm currently engineering a backup solution for KVM VM's as an additional measure to traditional backups. Unfortunately, all currently (August 2013) existing solutions I came across so far either: do not ensure a consistent backup of the VM (losing RAM state, creating a dirty image, or other things), or require lengthy downtime (complete VM shutdown while backing up). I'm aware of QEMU/libvirt's functionality of taking snapshots, however, it's not yet usable since: image-internal snapshots present you with an ever-changing image file, resulting in a likely dirty backup (assuming one uses qcow2 images at all). one cannot yet merge a currently active external snapshot into the original backing image ("blockcommit"). Out of the above reasons, I'm now implementing a script that: Saves the VM's state and halts it Sets up a devicemapper snapshot(s) where the VM's disk images and state reside Resumes the VM Mount the snapshot(s) of step 2. Backs up the VM's disk and state (configuration for convenience) Merges back the snapshot(s). If I got everything right, this will take consistent backups of VM's with only seconds (if at all, since 1-3 is fast, possibly sub-second) of downtime. Of course, when restoring, the VM will be way in the past, but at least giving me the option of an orderly shutdown/reboot. Am I missing something with this solution? Or has someone indeed already implemented this?

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• MySQL stopped asking for passwords

  - by BlaM

  I'm currently experiencing a weird problem with one of my MySQL database servers: It stopped asking for passwords when I try to access the database from local with the mysql command line tool. I need a valid admin username. I also still need a password for remote access (i.e. from another IP). And I need a password when I - for example - access the database from a PHP script. But when I try to access the database from local host/commandline it will let me straight in to the data with my administrative users. They (admin users) have passwords set - and as I mentioned - I still need to specify those when I try to access the data via PHP. Changing the password didn't help. Non-Administrative users need to specify their passwort, but that doesn't really help if they can get anywhere with "mysql -u root" (or another admin user account name). (System Debian Linux Lenny, MySQL 5.0.51a) Any ideas? Anything that explains this behaviour? I don't understand how this can happen.

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• SBS 2008 R2: Did something change with anonymous relays?

  - by gravyface

  Have noticed that prior documentation on setting up anonymous relays in SBS 2008 no longer work without some additional configuration. Used to be able to follow this documentation, which is basically: setup a new receive connector add the IP address(es) that will be permitted to relay check off "anonymous" under Permission Group and then run the Exchange shell script to grant permissions. Now what seems to be happening is that if the permitted IP address happens to fall within the same address space as another more restrictive Receive Connector (like the "Default SBS08" one) and possibly if it's ahead of the new Receive Connector alphabetically (haven't tested that yet), the relay attempt fails with "Client Was Not Authenticated" error. To get it to work, I had to modify the scope of the "Default SBS08" Receive Connector to exclude the one LAN IP that I wanted to allow relaying for. I can't recall ever having to do this for Exchange 2007 Standard and/or any other SBS 2008 servers I've setup over the last couple of years and I don't remember doing this and the wiki entry I added at the office doesn't mention it either. So my question is, has anyone else experienced this? Has there been a new change with R2 or perhaps an Exchange Service Pack?

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