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• Configuring Hibernate logging using Log4j XML config file?

  - by James McMahon

  I haven't been able to find any documentation on how to configure Hibernate's logging using the XML style configuration file for Log4j. Is this even possible or do I have use a properties style configuration file to control Hibernate's logging? If anyone has any information or links to documentation it would appreciated. EDIT: Just to clarify, I am looking for example of the actual XML syntax to control Hibernate. EDIT2: Here is what I have in my XML config file. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd"> <log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/"> <appender name="console" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender"> <param name="Threshold" value="info"/> <param name="Target" value="System.out"/> <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout"> <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{ABSOLUTE} [%t] %-5p %c{1} - %m%n"/> </layout> </appender> <appender name="rolling-file" class="org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender"> <param name="file" value="Program-Name.log"/> <param name="MaxFileSize" value="1000KB"/> <!-- Keep one backup file --> <param name="MaxBackupIndex" value="4"/> <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout"> <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%t] %-5p %l - %m%n"/> </layout> </appender> <root> <priority value ="debug" /> <appender-ref ref="console" /> <appender-ref ref="rolling-file" /> </root> </log4j:configuration> Logging works fine but I am looking for a way to step down and control the hibernate logging in way that separate from my application level logging, as it currently is flooding my logs. I have found examples of using the preference file to do this, I was just wondering how I can do this in a XML file.

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• How to modify a given class to use const operators

  - by zsero

  I am trying to solve my question regarding using push_back in more than one level. From the comments/answers it is clear that I have to: Create a copy operator which takes a const argument Modify all my operators to const But because this header file is given to me there is an operator what I cannot make into const. It is a simple: float & operator [] (int i) { return _item[i]; } In the given program, this operator is used to get and set data. My problem is that because I need to have this operator in the header file, I cannot turn all the other operators to const, what means I cannot insert a copy operator. How can I make all my operators into const, while preserving the functionality of the already written program? Here is the full declaration of the class: class Vector3f { float _item[3]; public: float & operator [] (int i) { return _item[i]; } Vector3f(float x, float y, float z) { _item[0] = x ; _item[1] = y ; _item[2] = z; }; Vector3f() {}; Vector3f & operator = ( const Vector3f& obj) { _item[0] = obj[0]; _item[1] = obj[1]; _item[2] = obj[2]; return *this; }; Vector3f & operator += ( const Vector3f & obj) { _item[0] += obj[0]; _item[1] += obj[1]; _item[2] += obj[2]; return *this; }; bool operator ==( const Vector3f & obj) { bool x = (_item[0] == obj[0]) && (_item[1] == obj[1]) && (_item[2] == obj[2]); return x; } // my copy operator Vector3f(const Vector3f& obj) { _item[0] += obj[0]; _item[1] += obj[1]; _item[2] += obj[2]; return this; } };

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• ASP.NET MVC Return to Previous Page

  - by Jason Enochs

  I have a basic Edit method in my controller that redirects back to a top level listing (“Index”) when the edit succeeds. Standard setup after scaffolding. I am trying to change this Edit method to redirect back to the previous page (not Index). Since my Edit method is not using the default mapped input parameter “id”, I am using that to pass the previous URL. In my Edit “get” method, I use this line to grab the previous URL and it works fine: ViewBag.ReturnUrl = Request.UrlReferrer.AbsoluteUri; I send this return URL to the Edit “post” method by using my form tag like this: @using (Html.BeginForm(new { id = ViewBag.ReturnUrl })) Now this is where the wheels fall off. I can't seem to get the URL parsed from the id parameter properly. UPDATE**** Using Gary's example as a guide, I changing my parameter name from "id" to "returnUrl" and used a hidden field to pass my parameter. Lesson: Only use the id parameter how it was intended to be used...keep it simple. It works now... Here is my updated code. // // GET: /Question/Edit/5 public ActionResult Edit(int id) { Question question = db.Questions.Find(id); ViewBag.DomainId = new SelectList(db.Domains, "DomainId", "Name", question.DomainId); ViewBag.Answers = db.Questions .AsEnumerable() .Select(d => new SelectListItem { Text = d.Text, Value = d.QuestionId.ToString(), Selected = question.QuestionId == d.QuestionId }); ViewBag.returnUrl = Request.UrlReferrer; ViewBag.ExamId = db.Domains.Find(question.DomainId).ExamId; ViewBag.IndexByQuestion = string.Format("IndexByQuestion/{0}", question.QuestionId); return View(question); } // // POST: /Question/Edit/5 [HttpPost] public ActionResult Edit(Question question, string returnUrl) { int ExamId = db.Domains.Find(question.DomainId).ExamId; if (ModelState.IsValid) { db.Entry(question).State = EntityState.Modified; db.SaveChanges(); //return RedirectToAction("Index"); return Redirect(returnUrl); } ViewBag.DomainId = new SelectList(db.Domains, "DomainId", "Name", question.DomainId); return View(question); } and I changed my form tag to this: @using (Html.BeginForm()) { <input type="hidden" name="returnUrl" value="@ViewBag.returnUrl" /> Thanks Gary

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• compiler warning at C++ template base class

  - by eike

  I get a compiler warning, that I don't understand in that context, when I compile the "Child.cpp" from the following code. (Don't wonder: I stripped off my class declarations to the bare minuum, so the content will not make much sense, but you will see the problem quicker). I get the warning with VS2003 and VS2008 on the highest warning level. The code AbstractClass.h : #include <iostream> template<typename T> class AbstractClass { public: virtual void Cancel(); // { std::cout << "Abstract Cancel" << std::endl; }; virtual void Process() = 0; }; //outside definition. if I comment out this and take the inline //definition like above (currently commented out), I don't get //a compiler warning template<typename T> void AbstractClass<T>::Cancel() { std::cout << "Abstract Cancel" << std::endl; } Child.h : #include "AbstractClass.h" class Child : public AbstractClass<int> { public: virtual void Process(); }; Child.cpp : #include "Child.h" #include <iostream> void Child::Process() { std::cout << "Process" << std::endl; } The warning The class "Child" is derived from "AbstractClass". In "AbstractClass" there's the public method "AbstractClass::Cancel()". If I define the method outside of the class body (like in the code you see), I get the compiler warning... AbstractClass.h(7) : warning C4505: 'AbstractClass::Cancel' : unreferenced local function has been removed with [T=int] ...when I compile "Child.cpp". I do not understand this, because this is a public function and the compiler can't know if I later reference this method or not. And, in the end, I reference this method, because I call it in main.cpp and despite this compiler warning, this method works if I compile and link all files and execute the program: //main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "Child.h" int main() { Child child; child.Cancel(); //works, despite the warning } If I do define the Cancel() function as inline (you see it as out commented code in AbstractClass.h), then I don't get the compiler warning. Of course my program works, but I want to understand this warning or is this just a compiler mistake? Furthermore, if do not implement AbsctractClass as a template class (just for a test purpose in this case) I also don't get the compiler warning...?

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• How do I prevent programmatically the "Program Compatibility Assistant" in Vista (and Windows 7) fro

  - by Asaf

  I develop a C++ program which might use adobe flash, although it is not essential. I use CoCreateInstance to create the flash object, and if it fails, I know flash is not installed so I don't use it. However, in Vista (and I think Windows 7 as well), when flash is not installed, after leaving the application, the "Program Compatibility Assistant" pops up a message saying that "This program requires a missing Windows component" specifying the flash.ocx. Is there a way to prevent this message from appearing? I don't want to force any user to install flash (especially since it's the IE ActiveX, and FireFox users might not have it installed), and my application can operate well without the flash. Plus this message is really annoying when it appears after every run. I don't mean of course disabling the PCA on the user's machine, but programmatically disable this specific appearance on all machines. Any thoughts? Thanks [EDIT:] I followed Shay's lead (thanks), and did some more digging of my own. I added the following XML to the application's manifest: <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2"> <security> <requestedPrivileges> <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false"> </requestedExecutionLevel> </requestedPrivileges> </security> </trustInfo> (see also: msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb756929.aspx) This solved the problem on Vista 64. To solve the same problem on Windows 7, I added the following: <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1"> <application> <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows Vista --> <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/> <!--The ID below indicates application support for Windows 7 --> <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/> </application> </compatibility> (See also: blogs.msdn.com/yvesdolc/archive/2009/09/22/the-new-compatibility-section-in-the-application-manifest.aspx) Solved Windows 7. But for some reason, it still happens in Vista 32... I also tried editing the manifest of the specific DLL which causes the problem, but it had no effect. Only the executable's manifest itself affected the problem. So... Vista 32?

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• Dealing with missing messages in JavaScript when using BOSH

  - by JamieD

  We recently went into private beta on our flagship product and had a small launch event. Unfortunately the venue had a terrible wireless connection and packets were being dropped left right and centre causing havoc with out system, basically it wasn't able to work at all! Luckily we were able to switch to a different network and rescue the demo. This highlighted something that I knew was already an issue but hadn't appreciated quite how much of an issue it could be. Our system relies heavily on BOSH and has a rather large JavaScript code base which now works rather well under good network conditions. However we need to make it work well under bad network conditions as well. Due to the way that XMPP works, a fire and forget system, it's not easy to tell if a message you sent, or were supposed to receive, was actually sent or received. For instance, we have an offer system, one user will send an offer to another over BOSH. When this message is received by the server a message is published to the offering users offers_sent PEP node and a similar message to the receiving users offers_received PEP node. While the sending user is able to tell if their offer was send (relatively) easily, if the notification to the receiving user is never received that user will never know it missed a message. A little about out JavaScript setup, it has 4 main layers: StropheJS An MVC framework for dealing with low level tasks and to build on top of An application layer which contains the app logic routes, controllers models etc. as well as a browser cache of the model data A UI layer that receives events and publishes events to and from the application layer One way to solve the missing messages issue would be to periodically check the PEP nodes for new data that the browser doesn't know about. If a new message was discovered the browsers cache would be invalidated and all new data would be requested from the server. I'm not sure this is the best way to go and it also doesn't cover all situations. We certainly don't want to get into the situation where we are sending messages to confirm the previous message was received at it's destination as this would double the network traffic. With the number of real time websites growing daily this is an issue that must have been encountered by other developers, it would be interesting to see how it's been solved by others. As far as I can see there are two situations in which messages go missing: On poor connections messages are not sent or received due to the packets being dropped Involving navigating between pages, a message is received by the browser but is not fully processed and stored in the local cache before the page is unloaded. Or a message is added to the send queue but never sent before the page is unloaded I suspect the hardest issue to solve will be number 2. Any thoughts on the subject would be much appreciated.

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• Can ASM method-visitors be used with interfaces?

  - by Olaf Mertens

  I need to write a tool that lists the classes that call methods of specified interfaces. It will be used as part of the build process of a large java application consisting of many modules. The goal is to automatically document the dependencies between certain java modules. I found several tools for dependency analysis, but they don't work on the method level, just for packages or jars. Finally I found ASM, that seems to do what I need. The following code prints the method dependencies of all class files in a given directory: import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { File dir = new File(args[0]); List<File> classFiles = new LinkedList<File>(); findClassFiles(classFiles, dir); for (File classFile : classFiles) { InputStream input = new FileInputStream(classFile); new ClassReader(input).accept(new MyClassVisitor(), 0); input.close(); } } private static void findClassFiles(List<File> list, File dir) { for (File file : dir.listFiles()) { if (file.isDirectory()) { findClassFiles(list, file); } else if (file.getName().endsWith(".class")) { list.add(file); } } } } import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor; import org.objectweb.asm.commons.EmptyVisitor; public class MyClassVisitor extends EmptyVisitor { private String className; @Override public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature, String superName, String[] interfaces) { this.className = name; } @Override public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc, String signature, String[] exceptions) { System.out.println(className + "." + name); return new MyMethodVisitor(); } } import org.objectweb.asm.commons.EmptyVisitor; public class MyMethodVisitor extends EmptyVisitor { @Override public void visitMethodInsn(int opcode, String owner, String name, String desc) { String key = owner + "." + name; System.out.println(" " + key); } } The Problem: The code works for regular classes only! If the class file contains an interface, visitMethod is called, but not visitMethodInsn. I don't get any info about the callers of interface methods. Any ideas?

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• SBT run differences between scala and java?

  - by Eric Cartner

  I'm trying to follow the log4j2 configuration tutorials in a SBT 0.12.1 project. Here is my build.sbt: name := "Logging Test" version := "0.0" scalaVersion := "2.9.2" libraryDependencies ++= Seq( "org.apache.logging.log4j" % "log4j-api" % "2.0-beta3", "org.apache.logging.log4j" % "log4j-core" % "2.0-beta3" ) When I run the main() defined in src/main/scala/logtest/Foo.scala: package logtest import org.apache.logging.log4j.{Logger, LogManager} object Foo { private val logger = LogManager.getLogger(getClass()) def main(args: Array[String]) { logger.trace("Entering application.") val bar = new Bar() if (!bar.doIt()) logger.error("Didn't do it.") logger.trace("Exiting application.") } } I get the output I was expecting given that src/main/resources/log4j2.xml sets the root logging level to trace: [info] Running logtest.Foo 08:39:55.627 [run-main] TRACE logtest.Foo$ - Entering application. 08:39:55.630 [run-main] TRACE logtest.Bar - entry 08:39:55.630 [run-main] ERROR logtest.Bar - Did it again! 08:39:55.630 [run-main] TRACE logtest.Bar - exit with (false) 08:39:55.630 [run-main] ERROR logtest.Foo$ - Didn't do it. 08:39:55.630 [run-main] TRACE logtest.Foo$ - Exiting application. However, when I run the main() defined in src/main/java/logtest/LoggerTest.java: package logtest; import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger; import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager; public class LoggerTest { private static Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(LoggerTest.class.getName()); public static void main(String[] args) { logger.trace("Entering application."); Bar bar = new Bar(); if (!bar.doIt()) logger.error("Didn't do it."); logger.trace("Exiting application."); } } I get the output: [info] Running logtest.LoggerTest ERROR StatusLogger Unable to locate a logging implementation, using SimpleLogger ERROR Bar Did it again! ERROR LoggerTest Didn't do it. From what I can tell, ERROR StatusLogger Unable to ... is usually a sign that log4j-core is not on my classpath. The lack of TRACE messages seems to indicate that my log4j2.xml settings aren't on the classpath either. Why should there be any difference in classpath if I'm running Foo.main versus LoggerTest.main? Or is there something else causing this behavior? Update I used SBT Assembly to build a fat jar of this project and specified logtest.LoggerTest to be the main class. Running it from the command line produced correct results: Eric-Cartners-iMac:target ecartner$ java -jar "Logging Test-assembly-0.0.jar" 10:52:23.220 [main] TRACE logtest.LoggerTest - Entering application. 10:52:23.221 [main] TRACE logtest.Bar - entry 10:52:23.221 [main] ERROR logtest.Bar - Did it again! 10:52:23.221 [main] TRACE logtest.Bar - exit with (false) 10:52:23.221 [main] ERROR logtest.LoggerTest - Didn't do it. 10:52:23.221 [main] TRACE logtest.LoggerTest - Exiting application.

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• Mapping two tables 0..n in Hibernate

  - by simon

  I have a table Users CREATE TABLE "USERS" ( "ID" NUMBER NOT NULL , "LOGINNAME" VARCHAR2 (150) NOT NULL ) and I have a second table SpecialUsers. No UserId can occur twice in the SpecialUsers table, and only a small subset of the ids of users in the Users table are contained in the SpecialUsers table. CREATE TABLE "SPECIALUSERS" ( "USERID" NUMBER NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "PK_SPECIALUSERS" PRIMARY KEY ("USERID") ) ALTER TABLE "SPECIALUSERS" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_SPECIALUSERS_USERID" FOREIGN KEY ("USERID") REFERENCES "USERS" ("ID") / Mapping the Users table in Hibernate works ok <hibernate-mapping package="com.initech.domain"> <class name="com.initech.User" table="USERS"> <id name="id" column="ID" type="java.lang.Long"> <meta attribute="use-in-tostring">true</meta> <generator class="sequence"> <param name="sequence">SEQ_USERS_ID</param> </generator> </id> <property name="loginName" column="LOGINNAME" type="java.lang.String" not-null="true"> <meta attribute="use-in-tostring">true</meta> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping> But I'm struggling in creating the mapping for the SpecialUsers table. All the examples (e.g. in Hibernate documentation) in Internet I found don't have this type of self-reference. I tried a mapping like this: <hibernate-mapping package="com.initech.domain"> <class name="com.initech.User" table="SPECIALUSERS"> <id name="id" column="USERID"> <meta attribute="use-in-tostring">true</meta> <generator class="foreign"> <param name="property">user</param> </generator> </id> <one-to-one name="user" class="User"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping> but got the error Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.hibernate.DuplicateMappingException: Duplicate class/entity mapping com.initech.User How should I map the SpecialUsers table? What I need on the application level is a list of the User objects contained in the SpecialUsers table.

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• I've got my 2D/3D conversion working perfectly, how to do perspective

  - by user346992

  Although the context of this question is about making a 2d/3d game, the problem i have boils down to some math. Although its a 2.5D world, lets pretend its just 2d for this question. // xa: x-accent, the x coordinate of the projection // mapP: a coordinate on a map which need to be projected // _Dist_ values are constants for the projection, choosing them correctly will result in i.e. an isometric projection xa = mapP.x * xDistX + mapP.y * xDistY; ya = mapP.x * yDistX + mapP.y * yDistY; xDistX and yDistX determine the angle of the x-axis, and xDistY and yDistY determine the angle of the y-axis on the projection (and also the size of the grid, but lets assume this is 1-pixel for simplicity). x-axis-angle = atan(yDistX/xDistX) y-axis-angle = atan(yDistY/yDistY) a "normal" coordinate system like this --------------- x | | | | | y has values like this: xDistX = 1; yDistX = 0; xDistY = 0; YDistY = 1; So every step in x direction will result on the projection to 1 pixel to the right end 0 pixels down. Every step in the y direction of the projection will result in 0 steps to the right and 1 pixel down. When choosing the correct xDistX, yDistX, xDistY, yDistY, you can project any trimetric or dimetric system (which is why i chose this). So far so good, when this is drawn everything turns out okay. If "my system" and mindset are clear, lets move on to perspective. I wanted to add some perspective to this grid so i added some extra's like this: camera = new MapPoint(60, 60); dx = mapP.x - camera.x; // delta x dy = mapP.y - camera.y; // delta y dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); // dist is the distance to the camera, Pythagoras etc.. all objects must be in front of the camera fac = 1 - dist / 100; // this formula determines the amount of perspective xa = fac * (mapP.x * xDistX + mapP.y * xDistY) ; ya = fac * (mapP.x * yDistX + mapP.y * yDistY ); Now the real hard part... what if you got a (xa,ya) point on the projection and want to calculate the original point (x,y). For the first case (without perspective) i did find the inverse function, but how can this be done for the formula with the perspective. May math skills are not quite up to the challenge to solve this. ( I vaguely remember from a long time ago mathematica could create inverse function for some special cases... could it solve this problem? Could someone maybe try?)

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• Reliable and fast way to convert a zillion ODT files in PDF?

  - by Marco Mariani

  I need to pre-produce a million or two PDF files from a simple template (a few pages and tables) with embedded fonts. Usually, I would stay low level in a case like this, and compose everything with a library like ReportLab, but I joined late in the project. Currently, I have a template.odt and use markers in the content.xml files to fill with data from a DB. I can smoothly create the ODT files, they always look rigth. For the ODT to PDF conversion, I'm using openoffice in server mode (and PyODConverter w/ named pipe), but it's not very reliable: in a batch of documents, there is eventually a point after which all the processed files are converted into garbage (wrong fonts and letters sprawled all over the page). Problem is not predictably reproducible (does not depend on the data), happens in OOo 2.3 and 3.2, in Ubuntu, XP, Server 2003 and Windows 7. My Heisenbug detector is ticking. I tried to reduce the size of batches and restarting OOo after each one; still, a small percentage of the documents are messed up. Of course I'll write about this on the Ooo mailing lists, but in the meanwhile, I have a delivery and lost too much time already. Where do I go? Completely avoid the ODT format and go for another template system. Suggestions? Anything that takes a few seconds to run is way too slow. OOo takes around a second and it sums to 15 days of processing time. I had to write a program for clustering the jobs over several clients. Keep the format but go for another tool/program for the conversion. Which one? There are many apps in the shareware or commercial repositories for windows, but trying each one is a daunting task. Some are too slow, some cannot be run in batch without buying it first, some cannot work from command line, etc. Open source tools tend not to reinvent the wheel and often depend on openoffice. Converting to an intermediate .DOC format could help to avoid the OOo bug, but it would double the processing time and complicate a task that is already too hairy. Try to produce the PDFs twice and compare them, discarding the whole batch if there's something wrong. Although the documents look equal, I know of no way to compare the binary content. Restart OOo after processing each document. it would take a lot more time to produce them it would lower the percentage of the wrong files, and make it very hard to identify them. Go for ReportLab and recreate the pages programmatically. This is the approach I'm going to try in a few minutes. Learn to properly format bulleted lists Thanks a lot.

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• Running out of memory with UIImage creation on an offscreen Bitmap Context by NSOperation

  - by sigsegv

  I have an app with multiple UIView subclasses that acts as pages for a UIScrollView. UIViews are moved back and forth to provide a seamless experience to the user. Since the content of the views is rather slow to draw, it's rendered on a single shared CGBitmapContext guarded by locks by NSOperation subclasses - executed one at once in an NSOperationQueue - wrapped up in an UIImage and then used by the main thread to update the content of the views. -(void)main { NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc]init]; if([self isCancelled]) { return; } if(nil == data) { return; } // Buffer is the shared instance of a CG Bitmap Context wrapper class // data is a dictionary CGImageRef img = [buffer imageCreateWithData:data]; UIImage * image = [[UIImage alloc]initWithCGImage:img]; CGImageRelease(img); if([self isCancelled]) { [image release]; return; } NSDictionary * result = [[NSDictionary alloc]initWithObjectsAndKeys:image,@"image",id,@"id",nil]; // target is the instance of the UIView subclass that will use // the image [target performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(updateContentWithData:) withObject:result waitUntilDone:NO]; [result release]; [image release]; [pool release]; } The updateContentWithData: of the UIView subclass performed on the main thread is just as simple -(void)updateContentWithData:(NSDictionary *)someData { NSDictionary * data = [someData retain]; if([[data valueForKey:@"id"]isEqualToString:[self pendingRequestId]]) { UIImage * image = [data valueForKey:@"image"]; [self setCurrentImage:image]; [self setNeedsDisplay]; } // If the image has not been retained, it should be released together // with the dictionary retaining it [data release]; } The drawLayer:inContext: method of the subclass will just get the CGImage from the UIImage and use it to update the backing layer or part of it. No retain or release is involved in the process. The problem is that after a while I run out of memory. The number of the UIViews is static. CGImageRef and UIImage are created, retained and released correctly (or so it seems to me). Instruments does not show any leaks, just the free memory available dip constantly, rise a few times, and then dip even lower until the application is terminated. The app cycles through about 2-300 of the aforementioned pages before that, but I would expect to have the memory usage reach a more or less stable level of used memory after a bunch of pages have been already skimmed at fast speed or, since the images are up to 3MB in size, deplete way earlier. Any suggestion will be greatly appreciated.

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• How to make this sub-sub-query work?

  - by Josh Weissbock

  I am trying to do this in one query. I asked a similar question a few days ago but my personal requirements have changed. I have a game type website where users can attend "classes". There are three tables in my DB. I am using MySQL. I have four tables: hl_classes (int id, int professor, varchar class, text description) hl_classes_lessons (int id, int class_id, varchar lessonTitle, varchar lexiconLink, text lessonData) hl_classes_answers (int id, int lesson_id, int student, text submit_answer, int percent) hl_classes stores all of the classes on the website. The lessons are the individual lessons for each class. A class can have infinite lessons. Each lesson is available in a specific term. hl_classes_terms stores a list of all the terms and the current term has the field active = '1'. When a user submits their answers to a lesson it is stored in hl_classes_answers. A user can only answer each lesson once. Lessons have to be answered sequentially. All users attend all "classes". What I am trying to do is grab the next lesson for each user to do in each class. When the users start they are in term 1. When they complete all 10 lessons in each class they move on to term 2. When they finish lesson 20 for each class they move on to term 3. Let's say we know the term the user is in by the PHP variable $term. So this is my query I am currently trying to massage out but it doesn't work. Specifically because of the hC.id is unknown in the WHERE clause SELECT hC.id, hC.class, (SELECT MIN(output.id) as nextLessonID FROM ( SELECT id, class_id FROM hl_classes_lessons hL WHERE hL.class_id = hC.id ORDER BY hL.id LIMIT $term,10 ) as output WHERE output.id NOT IN (SELECT lesson_id FROM hl_classes_answers WHERE student = $USER_ID)) as nextLessonID FROM hl_classes hC My logic behind this query is first to For each class; select all of the lessons in the term the current user is in. From this sort out the lessons the user has already done and grab the MINIMUM id of the lessons yet to be done. This will be the lesson the user has to do. I hope I have made my question clear enough.

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• gcc/g++: error when compiling large file

  - by Alexander

  Hi, I have a auto-generated C++ source file, around 40 MB in size. It largely consists of push_back commands for some vectors and string constants that shall be pushed. When I try to compile this file, g++ exits and says that it couldn't reserve enough virtual memory (around 3 GB). Googling this problem, I found that using the command line switches --param ggc-min-expand=0 --param ggc-min-heapsize=4096 may solve the problem. They, however, only seem to work when optimization is turned on. 1) Is this really the solution that I am looking for? 2) Or is there a faster, better (compiling takes ages with these options acitvated) way to do this? Best wishes, Alexander Update: Thanks for all the good ideas. I tried most of them. Using an array instead of several push_back() operations reduced memory usage, but as the file that I was trying to compile was so big, it still crashed, only later. In a way, this behaviour is really interesting, as there is not much to optimize in such a setting -- what does the GCC do behind the scenes that costs so much memory? (I compiled with deactivating all optimizations as well and got the same results) The solution that I switched to now is reading in the original data from a binary object file that I created from the original file using objcopy. This is what I originally did not want to do, because creating the data structures in a higher-level language (in this case Perl) was more convenient than having to do this in C++. However, getting this running under Win32 was more complicated than expected. objcopy seems to generate files in the ELF format, and it seems that some of the problems I had disappeared when I manually set the output format to pe-i386. The symbols in the object file are by standard named after the file name, e.g. converting the file inbuilt_training_data.bin would result in these two symbols: binary_inbuilt_training_data_bin_start and binary_inbuilt_training_data_bin_end. I found some tutorials on the web which claim that these symbols should be declared as extern char _binary_inbuilt_training_data_bin_start;, but this does not seem to be right -- only extern char binary_inbuilt_training_data_bin_start; worked for me.

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• 23warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast

  - by FILIaS

  Im new in programming c with arrays and files. Im just trying to run the following code but i get warnings like that: 23 44 warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast Any help? It might be silly... but I cant find what's wrong. #include<stdio.h> FILE *fp; FILE *cw; char filename_game[40],filename_words[40]; int main() { while(1) { /* Input filenames. */ printf("\n Enter the name of the file with the cryptwords array: \n"); gets(filename_game); printf("\n Give the name of the file with crypted words:\n"); gets(filename_words); /* Try to open the file with the game */ if (fp=fopen("crypt.txt","r")!=NULL) //line23 { printf("\n Successful opening %s \n",filename_game); fclose(fp); puts("\n Enter x to exit,any other to continue! \n "); if ( (getc(stdin))=='x') break; else continue; } else { fprintf(stderr,"ERROR!%s \n",filename_game); puts("\n Enter x to exit,any other to continue! \n"); if (getc(stdin)=='x') break; else continue; } /* Try to open the file with the names. */ if (cw=fopen("words.txt","r")!=NULL) //line 44 { printf("\n Successful opening %s \n",filename_words); fclose(cw); puts("\n Enter x to exit,any other to continue \n "); if ( (getc(stdin))=='x') break; else continue; } else { fprintf(stderr,"ERROR!%s \n",filename_words); puts("\n Enter x to exit,any other to continue! \n"); if (getc(stdin)=='x') break; else continue; } } return 0; }

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• Can I create a custom class that inherits from a strongly typed DataRow?

  - by Calvin Fisher

  I'm working on a huge, old project with a lot of brittle code, some of which has been around since the .NET 1.0 era, and it has been and will be worked on by other people... so I'd like to change as little as possible. I have one project in my solution that contains DataSet.xsd. This project compiles to a separate assembly (Data.dll). The database schema includes several tables arranged more or less hierarchically, but the only way the tables are actually linked together is through joins. I can get, e.g. DepartmentRow and EmployeeRow objects from the autogenerated code. EmployeeRow contains information from the employee's corresponding DepartmentRow through a join. I'm making a new report to view multiple departments and all their employees. If I use the existing data access scheme, all I will be able to get is a spreadsheet-like output where each employee is represented on one line, with department information repeated over and over in its appropriate columns. E.g.: Department1...Employee1... Department1...Employee2... Department2...Employee3... But what the customer would like is to have each department render like a heading, with a list of employees beneath each. E.g.: - Department1... Employee1... Employee2... + Department2... I'm trying to do this by inheriting hierarchical objects from the autogenerated Row objects. E.g.: public class Department : DataSet.DepartmentRow { public List<Employee> Employees; } That way I could nest the data in the report by using a collection of Department objects as the DataSource, each of which will put its list of Employees in a subreport. The problem is that this gives me a The type Data.DataSet.DepartmentRow has no constructors defined error. And when I try to make a constructor, e.g. public class Department : DataSet.DepartmentRow { private Department() { } public List<Employee> Employees; } I get a 'Data.DataSet.DepartmentRow(System.Data.DataRowBuilder)' is inaccessible due to its protection level. error in addition to the first one. Is there a way to accomplish what I'm trying to do? Or is there something else I should be trying entirely?

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• Rails / ActiveRecord Modeling Help

  - by JM

  I’m trying to model a relationship in ActiveRecord and I think it’s a little beyond my skill level. Here’s the background. This is a horse racing project and I’m trying to model a horses Connections over time. Connections are defined as the Horse’s Current: Owner, Trainer and Jockey. Over time, a horse’s connections can change for a lot of different reasons: The owner sells the horse in a private sale The horse is claimed (purchase in a public sale) The Trainer switches jockeys The owner switches trainers In my first attempt at modeling this, I created the following tables: Horses, Owners, Trainers, Jockeys and Connections. Essentially, the Connections table was the has-many-through join table and was structured as follows: Connections Table 1 Id Horse_id Owner_id Trainer_id Jockey_id Status_Code Status_Date Change_Code The Horse, Owner, Trainer and Jockey foreign keys are self explanatory. The status code is 1 or 0 (1 active, 0 inactive) and the status date is the date the status changed. Change_code is and integer or string value that represent the reason for the change (private sale, claim, jockey change, etc) The key benefit of this approach is that the Connection is represented as one record in the connections table. The downside is that I have to have a table for Owner (1), Trainer (2) and Jockey (3) when one table could due. In my second attempt at modeling this I created the following tables: Horses, Connections, Entities The Entities tables has the following structure Entities Table id First_name Last_name Role where Role represents if the entity is a Owner, Trainer or Jockey. Under this approach, my Connections table has the following structure Connections Table 2 id Horse_id Entity_id Role Status_Code Status_Date Change_Code 1 1 1 1 1 1/1/2010 2 1 4 2 1 1/1/2010 3 1 10 3 1 1/1/2010 This approach has the benefit of eliminating two tables, but on the other hand the Connection is now comprised of three different records as opposed to one in the first approach. What believe I’m looking for is an approach that allows me to capture the Connection in one record, but also uses an Entities table with roles instead of the Owner, Trainer and Jockey tables. I’m new to ActiveRecord and rails so any and all input would be greatly appreciated. Perhaps there are other ways that would even be better. Thanks!

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• Is this scatter-brained workflow realizable in Git?

  - by Luke Maurer

  This is what I'd like my workflow to look like at a conceptual level: I hack on my new feature for a while I notice a typo in a comment I change it Since the typo is completely unrelated to anything else, I put that change in a pile of comment fixes I keep working on the code I realize I need to flesh out a few utility functions I do so I put that change in its own pile Steps 2, 3, and 4 each repeat throughout the day I finish the new feature and put the changes for that feature in a pile I push nice patches upstream: One with the new feature, a few for the other tweaks, and one with a bunch of comment fixes if enough have accumulated Since I'm both lazy and a perfectionist, I want to be able to do some things out of order: I might correct a typo but forget to put it in the comment fix pile; when I prepare the upstream patches (I'm using git-svn, so I need to be pretty deliberate about these), I'll then pull out the comment fixes at that point. I might forget to separate things altogether until the very end. But I might /also/ have committed some of the piles along the way (sorry, the metaphor is breaking down …). This is all rather like just using Eclipse changesets with SVN, only I can have different changes to the same file in different piles (having to disentangle changes into different commits is what motivated me to move to git-svn, in fact …), and with Git I can have my full discombobulated change history, experimental branches and all, but still make a nice, neat patch. I've just recently started with Git after having wanted to for a good while, and I'm quite happy so far. The biggest way in which the above workflow doesn't really map into Git, though, is that a “bin” can't really be just a local branch, since the working tree only ever reflects the state of a single branch. Or maybe the Git index is a “pile,” and what I want is to have more than one somehow (effectively). I can think of a few ways to approximate what I want (maybe creative use of stash? Intricate stash-checkout-merge dances?), but my grasp on Git isn't solid enough to be sure of how best to put all the pieces together. It's said that Git is more a toolkit than a VCS, so I guess the question comes down to: How do I build this thing with these tools?

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• Problem with return 2 libc method

  - by jth

  Hi, I'am trying to understand the return2libc method. I'am using an ubuntu linux 9.10, 32 bit with ASLR disabled. In theory, it sounds quite easy, overwrite the saved eip with the address of system() (or whatever function you want), then put the address to which system() should return and after that, the parameter for system, the "/bin/bash"-string. But what happens is that my exploit keeps segfaulting the vulnerable program. I assume something with the system()-address went wrong. This is what I did so far: Determined the address of system(): (gdb) print system $1 = {<text variable, no debug info>} 0x167020 <system> (gdb) x/x system 0x167020 <system>: 0x890cec83 I used the subsequent x/x system because those 3 bytes returned by print system looks like an index in some sort of jumptable (PLT?), so I assume 0x890cec83 is the right address which is used to overwrite the saved eip. After that I determined the address of the /bin/bash string in memory, using a small C program which basically consists of this line: printf("Address of string /bin/bash: %p\n", getenv("SHELL")); Then I looked a little bit around in the memory and fount /bin/bash: (gdb) x/s 0xbffff6ca 0xbffff6ca: "/bin/bash" After I gathered this information, I filled the buffer: (gdb) b 9 Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048407: file victim.c, line 9. (gdb) r `perl -e 'print "A"x9 . "\x83\xec\x0c\x89FAKE\xca\f6\ff\bf";'` Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1111638594, argv=0xc360cca) at victim.c:10 10 return 0; (gdb) x/s 0xbffff6ca 0xbffff6ca: "/bin/bash" Stack frame looks like this: (gdb) i f Stack level 0, frame at 0xbffff440: eip = 0x8048407 in main (victim.c:10); saved eip 0x890cec83 source language c. Arglist at 0xbffff438, args: argc=1111638594, argv=0xc360cca Locals at 0xbffff438, Previous frame's sp is 0xbffff440 Saved registers: ebp at 0xbffff438, eip at 0xbffff43c This seems all right to me, saved eip was overwritten with the (hopefully) correct system()-address, return address for system was set to "FAKE" (shouldn't matter) and the address of /bin/bash also seems to be correct. When I'am continuing the execution, victim segfaults on some strange address and certainly not in 0x890cec83: (gdb) cont Continuing. Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 0x0804840d in main (argc=Cannot access memory at address 0x41414149 ) at victim.c:11 11 } Has anyone an explanation or a hint what happens here and why the execution isn't redirected to 0x890cec83? Thanks in advance, any hint, and be it only vague, would be appreciated. I have no idea why this doesn't work.

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• jquery How to refresh pages when resize happens?

  - by Maju

  I have some indicator displays settings which float above a menu. Problem is when someone resizes the 'indicators stays on the same place', the page needs to 'refreshed to position correctly'. How to have a page refresh by itself when it detects the page is being resized? or is there any better way to do it? jQuery function findPosY(b) { var a = 0; if (b.offsetParent) { while (1) { a += b.offsetTop; if (!b.offsetParent) { break } b = b.offsetParent } } else { if (b.y) { a += b.y } } return a } function findPosX(b) { var a = 0; if (b.offsetParent) { while (1) { a += b.offsetLeft; if (!b.offsetParent) { break } b = b.offsetParent } } else { if (b.x) { a += b.x } } return a } function setNotifications() { $("#shortcut_notifications span").each(function () { if ($(this).attr("rel") != "") { target = $(this).attr("rel"); if ($("#" + target).length > 0) { var a = findPosY(document.getElementById(target)); var b = findPosX(document.getElementById(target)); $(this).css("top", a - 31 + "px");//-24 $(this).css("left", b + 83 + "px")//+60 } } }); $("#shortcut_notifications").css("display", "block") } CSS #shortcut_notifications { display:none; } .notification { color:#fff; font-weight:700; text-shadow:1px 0 0 #333; background:transparent url(../images/bg_notification.png) no-repeat center; position: absolute;/*absolute*/ width:37px;/*37*/ height:37px; display:block; text-align:center; padding-top:17px; color:#ffffff; } #nav li { display:block; float:right; padding:19px 21px; text-align: left; position:relative; height:24px; font-size:16px; } HTML <li class="settings"><a class="settings" href="#">Settings</a> <ul> <li><a href="#">Game Settings</a></li> <li><a href="#">Transactions </a></li> </ul> </li>

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• Moving MVC2 Helpers to MVC3 razor view engine

  - by Dai Bok

  Hi, In my MVC 2 site, I have an html helper, that I use to add javascripts for my pages. In my master page I have the main javascripts I want to include, and then in the aspx pages, I include page specific javascripts. So for example, my Site.Master has something like this: .... <head> <%=html.renderScripts() %> </head> ... //core scripts for main page <%html.AddScript("/scripts/jquery.js") %> <%html.AddScript("/scripts/myLib.js") %> .... Then in the child aspx page, I may also want to include other scripts. ... //the page specific script I want to use <% html.AddScript("/scripts/register.aspx.js") %> ... So when the full page gets rendered the javascript files are all collected and rendered in the head by sitemaster placeholder function RenderScripts. This works fine. Now with MVC 3 and razor view engine, they layout pages behave differently, because now my page level javascripts are not rendered/included. Now all I see the LayoutMaster contents. How do I get the solution wo workwith MVC 3 and the razor view engine. (The helper has already been re-written to return a HTMLString ;-)) For reference: my MasterLayout looks like this: ... ... <head> @{ Html.AddJavaScript("/Scripts/jQuery.js"); Html.AddJavaScript("/Scripts/myLib.js"); } //Render scripts @html.RenderScripts() </head> .... and the child page looks like this: @{ Layout = "~/Views/Shared/MasterLayout.cshtml"; ViewBag.Title = "Child Page"; Html.AddJavaScript("/Scripts/register.aspx.js"); } .... <div>some html </div> Thanks for your help. Edit = Just to explain, if this question is not clear enough. When producing a "page" I collect all the javascript files the designers want to use, by using the html.addJavascript("filename.js") and store these in a dictionary - (1) stops people adding duplicate js files - then finally when the page is ready to render, I write out all the javascript files neatly in the header. (2) - this helper helps keep JS in one place, and prevents designers from adding javascript files all over the place. This used to work fine with Master/SiteMaster Pages in mvc 2. but how can I achieve this with razor?

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• Normalization of database for timesheet tool and ensure data integrity

  - by fireeyedboy

  I'm creating a timesheet application. I have the following entities (amongst others): Company Employee = an employee associated with a company Client = a client associated with a company So far I have the following (abbreviated) database setup: Company - id - name Employee - id - companyId (FK to Company.id) - name Client - id - companyId (FK to Company.id) - name Now, I want an employee to be associated with a client, but only if that client is associated with the company the employee works for. How would you guarantee this data integrity on a database level? Or should I just depend on the application to guarantee this data integrity? I thought about creating a many to many table like this: EmployeeClient - employeeId (FK to Employee.id) - companyId \ (combined FK to Client.companyId, Client.id) - clientId / Thus, when I insert a client for an employee along with the employee's company id, the database should prevent this when the client is not associated with the employee's company id. Does this make sense? Because this still doesn't guarantee the employee is associated with the company. How do you deal with these things? UPDATE The scenario is as followed: A company has multiple employees. Employees will only be linked to one company. A company has multiple clients also. Clients will only be linked to one company. (Company is a sandbox, so to speak). An employee of a company can be linked to a client of it's company, but only if the client is part of the company's clientele. In other words: The application will allow a company to create/add employees and create/add clients (hence the companyId FK in the Employee and Client tables). Next, the company will be allowed to assign certain clients to certain of it's employees (EmployeeClient table). Imagine an employee working on projects for a few clients for which s/he can write billable hours, but the employee must not be allowed to write billable hours for clients they are not assigned to by their employer (the company). So, employees will not automatically have access to all their company's clients, but only to those that the company has selected for them. Hopefully this has shed some more light on the matter.

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• Execute SQL SP in Excel VBA

  - by TheOCD

  HI I am having problem with getting all the columns back when i execute following code in excel vba. I only get 6 out of 23 columns back. Connection, command etc works fine (i can see exec command in the SQL Profiler), data headers are created for all 23 columns but i only get data for 6 column. Side Note: it's not prod level code, have missed out error handling on purpose, sp works fine in SQL management studio, ASP.Net, C# win form app, it is for Excel 2003 connecting to SQL 2008. Can someone help me troubleshoot it? Dim connection As ADODB.connection Dim recordset As ADODB.recordset Dim command As ADODB.command Dim strProcName As String 'Stored Procedure name Dim strConn As String ' connection string. Dim selectedVal As String 'Set ADODB requirements Set connection = New ADODB.connection Set recordset = New ADODB.recordset Set command = New ADODB.command If Workbooks("Book2.xls").MultiUserEditing = True Then MsgBox "You do not have Exclusive access to the workbook at this time." & _ vbNewLine & "Please have all other users close the workbook and then try again.", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation Exit Sub Else On Error Resume Next ActiveWorkbook.ExclusiveAccess 'On Error GoTo No_Bugs End If 'set the active sheet Set oSht = Workbooks("Book2.xls").Sheets(1) 'get the connection string, if empty just exit strConn = ConnectionString() If strConn = "" Then Exit Sub End If ' selected value, if <NOTHING> just exit selectedVal = selectedValue() If selectedVal = "<NOTHING>" Then Exit Sub End If If Not oSht Is Nothing Then 'Open database connection connection.ConnectionString = strConn connection.Open ' set command stuff. command.ActiveConnection = connection command.CommandText = "GetAlbumByName" command.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc command.Parameters.Refresh command.Parameters(1).Value = selectedVal 'Execute stored procedure and return to a recordset Set recordset = command.Execute() If recordset.BOF = False And recordset.EOF = False Then Sheets("Sheet2").[A1].CopyFromRecordset recordset ' Create headers and copy data With Sheets("Sheet2") For Column = 0 To recordset.Fields.Count - 1 .Cells(1, Column + 1).Value = recordset.Fields(Column).Name Next .Range(.Cells(1, 1), .Cells(1, recordset.Fields.Count)).Font.Bold = True .Cells(2, 1).CopyFromRecordset recordset End With Else MsgBox "b4 BOF or after EOF.", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation End If 'Close database connection and clean up If CBool(recordset.State And adStateOpen) = True Then recordset.Close Set recordset = Nothing If CBool(connection.State And adStateOpen) = True Then connection.Close Set connection = Nothing Else MsgBox "oSheet2 is Nothing.", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation End If

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• GCC: Simple inheritance test fails

  - by knight666

  I'm building an open source 2D game engine called YoghurtGum. Right now I'm working on the Android port, using the NDK provided by Google. I was going mad because of the errors I was getting in my application, so I made a simple test program: class Base { public: Base() { } virtual ~Base() { } }; // class Base class Vehicle : virtual public Base { public: Vehicle() : Base() { } ~Vehicle() { } }; // class Vehicle class Car : public Vehicle { public: Car() : Base(), Vehicle() { } ~Car() { } }; // class Car int main(int a_Data, char** argv) { Car* stupid = new Car(); return 0; } Seems easy enough, right? Here's how I compile it, which is the same way I compile the rest of my code: /home/oem/android-ndk-r3/build/prebuilt/linux-x86/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/arm-eabi-g++ -g -std=c99 -Wall -Werror -O2 -w -shared -fshort-enums -I ../../YoghurtGum/src/GLES -I ../../YoghurtGum/src -I /home/oem/android-ndk-r3/build/platforms/android-5/arch-arm/usr/include -c src/Inheritance.cpp -o intermediate/Inheritance.o (Line breaks are added for clarity). This compiles fine. But then we get to the linker: /home/oem/android-ndk-r3/build/prebuilt/linux-x86/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/arm-eabi-gcc -lstdc++ -Wl, --entry=main, -rpath-link=/system/lib, -rpath-link=/home/oem/android-ndk-r3/build/platforms/android-5/arch-arm/usr/lib, -dynamic-linker=/system/bin/linker, -L/home/oem/android-ndk-r3/build/prebuilt/linux-x86/arm-eabi-4.4.0/lib/gcc/arm-eabi/4.4.0, -L/home/oem/android-ndk-r3/build/platforms/android-5/arch-arm/usr/lib, -rpath=../../YoghurtGum/lib/GLES -nostdlib -lm -lc -lGLESv1_CM -z /home/oem/android-ndk-r3/build/platforms/android-5/arch-arm/usr/lib/crtbegin_dynamic.o /home/oem/android-ndk-r3/build/platforms/android-5/arch-arm/usr/lib/crtend_android.o intermediate/Inheritance.o ../../YoghurtGum/bin/YoghurtGum.a -o bin/Galaxians.android As you can probably tell, there's a lot of cruft in there that isn't really needed. That's because it doesn't work. It fails with the following errors: intermediate/Inheritance.o:(.rodata._ZTI3Car[typeinfo for Car]+0x0): undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__si_class_type_info' intermediate/Inheritance.o:(.rodata._ZTI7Vehicle[typeinfo for Vehicle]+0x0): undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__vmi_class_type_info' intermediate/Inheritance.o:(.rodata._ZTI4Base[typeinfo for Base]+0x0): undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__class_type_info' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [bin/Galaxians.android] Fout 1 These are the same errors I get from my actual application. If someone could explain to me where I went wrong in my test or what option or I forgot in my linker, I would be very, extremely grateful. Thanks in advance. UPDATE: When I make my destructors non-inlined, I get new and more exciting link errors: intermediate/Inheritance.o:(.rodata+0x78): undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__si_class_type_info' intermediate/Inheritance.o:(.rodata+0x90): undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__vmi_class_type_info' intermediate/Inheritance.o:(.rodata+0xb0): undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__class_type_info' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [bin/Galaxians.android] Fout 1

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• Recursive N-way merge/diff algorithm for directory trees?

  - by BobMcGee

  What algorithms or Java libraries are available to do N-way, recursive diff/merge of directories? I need to be able to generate a list of folder trees that have many identical files, and have subdirectories with many similar files. I want to be able to use 2-way merge operations to quickly remove as much redundancy as possible. Goals: Find pairs of directories that have many similar files between them. Generate short list of directory pairs that can be synchronized with 2-way merge to eliminate duplicates Should operate recursively (there may be nested duplicates of higher-level directories) Run time and storage should be O(n log n) in numbers of directories and files Should be able to use an embedded DB or page to disk for processing more files than fit in memory (100,000+). Optional: generate an ancestry and change-set between folders Optional: sort the merge operations by how many duplicates they can elliminate I know how to use hashes to find duplicate files in roughly O(n) space, but I'm at a loss for how to go from this to finding partially overlapping sets between folders and their children. EDIT: some clarification The tricky part is the difference between "exact same" contents (otherwise hashing file hashes would work) and "similar" (which will not). Basically, I want to feed this algorithm at a set of directories and have it return a set of 2-way merge operations I can perform in order to reduce duplicates as much as possible with as few conflicts possible. It's effectively constructing an ancestry tree showing which folders are derived from each other. The end goal is to let me incorporate a bunch of different folders into one common tree. For example, I may have a folder holding programming projects, and then copy some of its contents to another computer to work on it. Then I might back up and intermediate version to flash drive. Except I may have 8 or 10 different versions, with slightly different organizational structures or folder names. I need to be able to merge them one step at a time, so I can chose how to incorporate changes at each step of the way. This is actually more or less what I intend to do with my utility (bring together a bunch of scattered backups from different points in time). I figure if I can do it right I may as well release it as a small open source util. I think the same tricks might be useful for comparing XML trees though.

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