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  • What is a python equivalent of PHP's var_dump()

    - by Zoredache
    When debugging in PHP I frequently find it useful to simply stick a var_dump($foo, $bar, ...) in my code to show me the the what a variable is, what is value is, and the same for anything that it contains. What is a good python equivalent for this? I have seen several things in my Google searching that are somewhat equivalent, but nothing that is the same or better.

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  • Project Euler #290 in python, hint please

    - by debragail
    This solution is grossly inefficient. What am I missing? #!/usr/bin/env python #coding: utf-8 import time from timestrings import * start = time.clock() maxpower = 18 count = 0 for i in range(0, 10 ** maxpower - 1): if i % 9 == 0: result1 = list(str(i)) result2 = list(str(137 * i)) sum1 = 0 for j in result1: sum1 += int(j) sum2 = 0 for j in result2: sum2 += int(j) if sum1 == sum2: print (i, sum1) count += 1 finish = time.clock() print ("Project Euler, Project 290") print () print ("Answer:", count) print ("Time:", stringifytime(finish - start))

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  • get_or_create generic relations in Django & python debugging in general

    - by rabidpebble
    I ran the code to create the generically related objects from this demo: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/models/generic_relations/ Everything is good intially: >>> bacon.tags.create(tag="fatty") <TaggedItem: fatty> >>> tag, newtag = bacon.tags.get_or_create(tag="fatty") >>> tag <TaggedItem: fatty> >>> newtag False But then the use case that I'm interested in for my app: >>> tag, newtag = bacon.tags.get_or_create(tag="wholesome") Traceback (most recent call last): File "<console>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 123, in get_or_create return self.get_query_set().get_or_create(**kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 343, in get_or_create raise e IntegrityError: app_taggeditem.content_type_id may not be NULL I tried a bunch of random things after looking at other code: >>> tag, newtag = bacon.tags.get_or_create(tag="wholesome", content_type=TaggedItem) ValueError: Cannot assign "<class 'generics.app.models.TaggedItem'>": "TaggedItem.content_type" must be a "ContentType" instance. or: >>> tag, newtag = bacon.tags.get_or_create(tag="wholesome", content_type=TaggedItem.content_type) InterfaceError: Error binding parameter 3 - probably unsupported type. etc. I'm sure somebody can give me the correct syntax, but the real problem here is that I have no idea what is going on. I have developed in strongly typed languages for over ten years (x86 assembly, C++ and C#) but am new to Python. I find it really difficult to follow what is going on in Python when things like this break. In the languages I mentioned previously it's fairly straightforward to figure things like this out -- check the method signature and check your parameters. Looking at the Django documentation for half an hour left me just as lost. Looking at the source for get_or_create(self, **kwargs) didn't help either since there is no method signature and the code appears very generic. A next step would be to debug the method and try to figure out what is happening, but this seems a bit extreme... I seem to be missing some fundamental operating principle here... what is it? How do I resolve issues like this on my own in the future?

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  • Export list as .txt (Python)

    - by Nimbuz
    My Python module has a list that contains all the data I want to save as a .txt file somewhere. The list contains several tuples like so: list = [ ('one', 'two', 'three'), ('four', 'five', 'six')] How do I print the list so each tuple item is separated by a tab and each tuple is separated by a newline? Thanks

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  • architecture python question

    - by tom smith
    hi. creating a distributed crawling python app. it consists of a master server, and associated client apps that will run on client servers. the purpose of the client app is to run across a targeted site, to extract specific data. the clients need to go "deep" within the site, behind multiple levels of forms, so each client is specifically geared towards a given site. each client app looks something like main: parse initial url call function level1 (data1) function level1 (data) parse the url, for data1 use the required xpath to get the dom elements call the next function call level2 (data) function level2 (data2) parse the url, for data2 use the required xpath to get the dom elements call the next function call level3 function level3 (dat3) parse the url, for data3 use the required xpath to get the dom elements call the next function call level4 function level4 (data) parse the url, for data4 use the required xpath to get the dom elements at the final function.. --all the data output, and eventually returned to the server --at this point the data has elements from each function... my question: given that the number of calls that is made to the child function by the current function varies, i'm trying to figure out the best approach. each function essentialy fetches a page of content, and then parses the page using a number of different XPath expressions, combined with different regex expressions depending on the site/page. if i run a client on a single box, as a sequential process, it'll take awhile, but the load on the box is rather small. i've thought of attempting to implement the child functions as threads from the current function, but that could be a nightmare, as well as quickly bring the "box" to its knees! i've thought of breaking the app up in a manner that would allow the master to essentially pass packets to the client boxes, in a way to allow each client/function to be run directly from the master. this process requires a bit of rewrite, but it has a number of advantages. a bunch of redundancy, and speed. it would detect if a section of the process was crashing and restart from that point. but not sure if it would be any faster... i'm writing the parsing scripts in python.. so... any thoughts/comments would be appreciated... i can get into a great deal more detail, but didn't want to bore anyone!! thanks! tom

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  • how to import the parent model on gae-python

    - by zjm1126
    main:. +-a ¦ +-__init__.py ¦ +-aa.py +-b ¦ +-__init__.py ¦ +-bb.py +-cc.py if i am in aa.py , how to import cc.py ? this is my code ,but it is error : from main import cc what should i do . thanks updated in normal python file (not on gae),i can use this code : import os,sys dirname=os.path.dirname path=os.path.join(dirname(dirname(__file__))) sys.path.insert(0,path) import cc print cc.c but on gae , it show error : ImportError: No module named cc

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  • Strengths and weaknesses of JIT compilers for Python

    - by Az
    Hi there, I'm currently aware of the following Python JIT compilers: Psyco, PyPy and Unladen Swallow. Basically, I'd like to ask for your personal experiences on the strengths and weaknesses of these compilers - and if there are any others worth looking into. Thanks in advance, Az

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  • running code if try statements were successful in python

    - by None
    I was wondering if in python there was a simple way to run code if a try statement was successful that wasn't in the try statement itself. Is that what the else or finally commands do (I didn't understand their documentation)? I know I could use code like this: successful = False try: #code that might fail successful = True except: #error handling if code failed if successful: #code to run if try was successful that isn't part of try but I was wondering if there was a shorter way .

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  • complex if statement in python

    - by Neverland
    I need to realize a complex if-elif-else statement in Python but I don't get it working. The elif line I need has to check a variable for this conditions: 80, 443 or 1024-65535 inclusive I tried if ... # several checks ... elif (var1 > 65535) or ((var1 < 1024) and (var1 != 80) and (var1 != 443)): # fail else ...

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  • Using python to write text files with DOS line endings on linux

    - by gaumann
    I want to write text files with DOS/Windows line endings '\r\n' using python running on Linux. It seems to me that there must be a better way than manually putting a '\r\n' at the end of every line or using a line ending conversion utility. Ideally I would like to be able to do something like assign to os.linesep the separator that I want to use when writing the file. Or specify the line separator when I open the file.

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  • Python - Get Instance Variables

    - by Chris Bunch
    Is there a built-in method in Python to get an array of all a class' instance variables? For example, if I have this code: class hi: def __init__(self): self.ii = "foo" self.kk = "bar" Is there a way for me to do this: >>> mystery_method(hi) ["ii", "kk"] Thanks guys! Edit: I originally had asked for class variables erroneously. Thanks to all who brought this to my attention!

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  • Writing csv files with python with exact formatting parameters

    - by Ben Harrison
    I'm having trouble with processing some csv data files for a project. The project's programmer has moved onto greener pastures, and now I'm trying to finish the data analysis up (I did/do the statistical analysis.) The programmer suggested using python/csv reader to help break down the files, which I've had some success with, but not in a way I can use. This code is a little different from what I was trying before. I am essentially attempting to create an array. In the raw data format, the first 7 rows contain no data, and then each column contains 50 experiments, each with 4000 rows, for 200000 some rows total. What I want to do is take each column, and make it an individual csv file, with each experiment in its own column. So it would be an array of 50 columns and 4000 rows for each data type. The code here does break down the correct values, I think the logic is okay, but it is breaking down the opposite of how I want it. I want the separators without quotes (the commas and spaces) and I want the element values in quotes. Right now it is doing just the opposite for both, element values with no quotes, and the separators in quotes. I've spent several hours trying to figure out how to do this to no avail, import csv ifile = open('00_follow_maverick.csv') epistemicfile = open('00_follower_maverick_EP.csv', 'w') reader = csv.reader(ifile) colnum = 0 rownum = 0 y = 0 z = 8 for column in reader: rownum = 4000 * y + z for element in column: writer = csv.writer(epistemicfile) if y <= 50: y = y + 1 writer.writerow([element]) writer.writerow(',') rownum = x * y + z if y > 50: y = 0 z = z + 1 writer.writerow(' ') rownum = x * y + z if z >= 4008: break What is going on: I am taking each row in the raw data file in iterations of 4000, so that I can separate them with commas for the 50 experiments. When y, the experiment indicator here, reaches 50, it resets back to experiment 0, and adds 1 to z, which tells it which row to look at, by the formula of 4000 * y + z. When it completes the rows for all 50 experiments, it is finished. The problem here is that I don't know how to get python to write the actual values in quotes, and my separators outside of quotes. Any help will be most appreciated. Apologies if this seems a stupid question, I have no programming experience, this is my first attempt ever. Thank you.

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  • Type derivation in python?

    - by aXqd
    In Perl, I can do this: push(@{$h->[x]}, y); Can I simplify the following python codes according to above Perl example? if x not in h: h[x] = [] h[x].append(y) I want to simplify this, because it goes many places in my code, (and I cannot initialize all possible x with []). I do not want to make it a function, because there is no 'inline' keyword. Any ideas?

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  • Which python mpi library to use?

    - by Dana the Sane
    I'm starting work on some simulations using MPI and want to do the programming in Python/scipy. The scipy site lists a number of mpi libraries, but I was hoping to get feedback on quality, ease of use, etc from anyone who has used one.

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