open stackoverflow - Page 865

How can I structure and recode messy categorical data in R?

- by briandk

I'm struggling with how to best structure categorical data that's messy, and comes from a dataset I'll need to clean. The Coding Scheme I'm analyzing data from a university science course exam. We're looking at patterns in student responses, and we developed a coding scheme to represent the kinds of things students are doing in their answers. A subset of the coding scheme is shown below. Note that within each major code (1, 2, 3) are nested non-unique sub-codes (a, b, ...). What the Raw Data Looks Like I've created an anonymized, raw subset of my actual data which you can view here. Part of my problem is that those who coded the data noticed that some students displayed multiple patterns. The coders' solution was to create enough columns (reason1, reason2, ...) to hold students with multiple patterns. That becomes important because the order (reason1, reason2) is arbitrary--two students (like student 41 and student 42 in my dataset) who correctly applied "dependency" should both register in an analysis, regardless of whether 3a appears in the reason column or the reason2 column. How Can I Best Structure Student Data? Part of my problem is that in the raw data, not all students display the same patterns, or the same number of them, in the same order. Some students may do just one thing, others may do several. So, an abstracted representation of example students might look like this: Note in the example above that student002 and student003 both are coded as "1b", although I've deliberately shown the order as different to reflect the reality of my data. My (Practical) Questions Should I concatenate reason1, reason2, ... into one column? How can I (re)code the reasons in R to reflect the multiplicity for some students? Thanks I realize this question is as much about good data conceptualization as it is about specific features of R, but I thought it would be appropriate to ask it here. If you feel it's inappropriate for me to ask the question, please let me know in the comments, and stackoverflow will automatically flood my inbox with sadface emoticons. If I haven't been specific enough, please let me know and I'll do my best to be clearer.

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Autocomplete server-side implementation

- by toluju

What is a fast and efficient way to implement the server-side component for an autocomplete feature in an html input box? I am writing a service to autocomplete user queries in our web interface's main search box, and the completions are displayed in an ajax-powered dropdown. The data we are running queries against is simply a large table of concepts our system knows about, which matches roughly with the set of wikipedia page titles. For this service obviously speed is of utmost importance, as responsiveness of the web page is important to the user experience. The current implementation simply loads all concepts into memory in a sorted set, and performs a simple log(n) lookup on a user keystroke. The tailset is then used to provide additional matches beyond the closest match. The problem with this solution is that it does not scale. It currently is running up against the VM heap space limit (I've set -Xmx2g, which is about the most we can push on our 32 bit machines), and this prevents us from expanding our concept table or adding more functionality. Switching to 64-bit VMs on machines with more memory isn't an immediate option. I've been hesitant to start working on a disk-based solution as I am concerned that disk seek time will kill performance. Are there possible solutions that will let me scale better, either entirely in memory or with some fast disk-backed implementations? Edits: @Gandalf: For our use case it is important the the autocompletion is comprehensive and isn't just extra help for the user. As for what we are completing, it is a list of concept-type pairs. For example, possible entries are [("Microsoft", "Software Company"), ("Jeff Atwood", "Programmer"), ("StackOverflow.com", "Website")]. We are using Lucene for the full search once a user selects an item from the autocomplete list, but I am not yet sure Lucene would work well for the autocomplete itself. @Glen: No databases are being used here. When I'm talking about a table I just mean the structured representation of my data. @Jason Day: My original implementation to this problem was to use a Trie, but the memory bloat with that was actually worse than the sorted set due to needing a large number of object references. I'll read on the ternary search trees to see if it could be of use.

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evaluating cost/benefits of using extension methods in C# => 3.0

- by BillW

Hi, In what circumstances (usage scenarios) would you choose to write an extension rather than sub-classing an object ? < full disclosure : I am not an MS employee; I do not know Mitsu Furota personally; I do know the author of the open-source Componax library mentioned here, but I have no business dealings with him whatsoever; I am not creating, or planning to create any commercial product using extensions : in sum : this post is from pure intellectal curiousity related to my trying to (continually) become aware of "best practices" I find the idea of extension methods "cool," and obviously you can do "far-out" things with them as in the many examples you can in Mitsu Furota's (MS) blog postslink text. A personal friend wrote the open-source Componax librarylink text, and there's some remarkable facilities in there; but he is in complete command of his small company with total control over code guidelines, and every line of code "passes through his hands." While this is speculation on my part : I think/guess other issues might come into play in a medium-to-large software team situation re use of Extensions. Looking at MS's guidelines at link text, you find : In general, you will probably be calling extension methods far more often than implementing your own. ... In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. Whenever possible, client code that must extend an existing type should do so by creating a new type derived from the existing type. For more information, see Inheritance (C# Programming Guide). ... When the compiler encounters a method invocation, it first looks for a match in the type's instance methods. If no match is found, it will search for any extension methods that are defined for the type, and bind to the first extension method that it finds. And at Ms's link text : Extension methods present no specific security vulnerabilities. They can never be used to impersonate existing methods on a type, because all name collisions are resolved in favor of the instance or static method defined by the type itself. Extension methods cannot access any private data in the extended class. Factors that seem obvious to me would include : I assume you would not write an extension unless you expected it be used very generally and very frequently. On the other hand : couldn't you say the same thing about sub-classing ? Knowing we can compile them into a seperate dll, and add the compiled dll, and reference it, and then use the extensions : is "cool," but does that "balance out" the cost inherent in the compiler first having to check to see if instance methods are defined as described above. Or the cost, in case of a "name clash," of using the Static invocation methods to make sure your extension is invoked rather than the instance definition ? How frequent use of Extensions would affect run-time performance or memory use : I have no idea. So, I'd appreciate your thoughts, or knowing about how/when you do, or don't do, use Extensions, compared to sub-classing. thanks, Bill

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Working through exercises in "Cocoa Programming for Mac OS X" - I'm stumped

- by Zigrivers

I've been working through the exercises in a book recommended here on stackoverflow, however I've run into a problem and after three days of banging my head on the wall, I think I need some help. I'm working through the "Speakline" exercise where we add a TableView to the interface and the table will display the "voices" that you can choose for the text to speech aspect of the program. I am having two problems that I can't seem to get to the bottom of: I get the following error: * Illegal NSTableView data source (). Must implement numberOfRowsInTableView: and tableView:objectValueForTableColumn:row: The tableView that is supposed to display the voices comes up blank I have a feeling that both of these problems are related. I'm including my interface code here: #import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h> @interface AppController : NSObject <NSSpeechSynthesizerDelegate, NSTableViewDelegate> { IBOutlet NSTextField *textField; NSSpeechSynthesizer *speechSynth; IBOutlet NSButton *stopButton; IBOutlet NSButton *startButton; IBOutlet NSTableView *tableView; NSArray *voiceList; } - (IBAction)sayIt:(id)sender; - (IBAction)stopIt:(id)sender; @end And my implementation code here: #import "AppController.h" @implementation AppController - (id)init { [super init]; //Log to help me understand what is happening NSLog(@"init"); speechSynth = [[NSSpeechSynthesizer alloc] initWithVoice:nil]; [speechSynth setDelegate:self]; voiceList = [[NSSpeechSynthesizer availableVoices] retain]; return self; } - (IBAction)sayIt:(id)sender { NSString *string = [[textField stringValue] stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]]; //Is the string zero-length? if([string length] == 0) { NSLog(@"String from %@ is a string with a length of %d.", textField, [string length]); [speechSynth startSpeakingString:@"Please enter a phrase first."]; } [speechSynth startSpeakingString:string]; NSLog(@"Started to say: %@", string); [stopButton setEnabled:YES]; [startButton setEnabled:NO]; } - (IBAction)stopIt:(id)sender { NSLog(@"Stopping..."); [speechSynth stopSpeaking]; } - (void) speechSynthesizer:(NSSpeechSynthesizer *)sender didFinishSpeaking:(BOOL)complete { NSLog(@"Complete = %d", complete); [stopButton setEnabled:NO]; [startButton setEnabled:YES]; } - (NSInteger)numberOfRowsInTableView:(NSTableView *)aTableView { return [voiceList count]; } - (id)tableView: (NSTableView *)tv objecValueForTableColumn: (NSTableColumn *)tableColumn row:(NSInteger)row { NSString *v = [voiceList objectAtIndex:row]; NSLog(@"v = %@",v); NSDictionary *dict = [NSSpeechSynthesizer attributesForVoice:v]; return [dict objectForKey:NSVoiceName]; } /* - (BOOL)respondsToSelector:(SEL)aSelector { NSString *methodName = NSStringFromSelector(aSelector); NSLog(@"respondsToSelector: %@", methodName); return [super respondsToSelector:aSelector]; } */ @end Hopefully, you guys can see something obvious that I've missed. Thank you!

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Create class instance in assembly from string name

- by Arcadian

I'm not sure if this is possible, and I'm quite new to using assemblies in C#.NET. What I would like to do is to create an instance of a class when supplied the string name of that class. Something like this: using MyAssembly; namespace MyNameSpace { Class MyClass { int MyValue1; int MyValue2; public MyClass(string myTypeName) { foreach(Type type in MyAssembly) { if((string)type == myTypeName) { //create a new instance of the type } } AssignInitialValues(//the type created above) } //Here I use an abstract type which the type above inherits from private void AssignInitialValues(AbstractType myClass) { this.value1 = myClass.value1; this.value2 = myClass.value2; } } } Obviously you cannot compare strings to types but it illustrates what I'm trying to do: create a type from a supplied string. Any thoughts? EDIT: After attempting: var myObject = (AbstractType) Activator.CreateInstance(null, myTypeName); AssignInitialValues(myObject); I get a number of errors: Inconsistent accessibility: parameter type 'MyAssembly.AbstractType' is less accessible than method 'MyNameSpace.MyClass.AssignInitialValues(MyAssembly.AstractType)' 'MyAssembly.AstractType' is inaccessible due to it's protection level The type or namespace name 'MyAssembly' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) The type or namespace name 'AbstractType' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) Not exactly sure why it can't find the assembly; I've added a reference to the assembly and I use a Using Directive for the namespace in the assembly. As for the protection level, it's calling classes (or rather the constructors of classes) which can only be public. Any clues on where the problem is? UPDATE: After looking through several articles on SO I came across this: http://stackoverflow.com/a/1632609/360627 Making the AbstractTypeclass public solved the issue of inconsistent accessibility. The new compiler error is this: Cannot convert type 'System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle' to 'MyAssembly.AbstractType' The line it references is this one: var myObject = (AbstractType) Activator.CreateInstance(null, myTypeName); Using .Unwrap() get's me past this error and I think it's the right way to do it (uncertain). However, when running the program I then get a TypeLoadException when this code is called. TypeLoadException: Could not load type ‘AbstractType’ from assembly ‘MyNameSpace'... Right away I can spot that the type its looking for is correct but the assembly it's looking in is wrong. Looking up the Activator.CreateInstance(String, String) method revealed that the null as the first argument means that the method will look in the executing assembly. This is contrary to the required behavior as in the original post. I've tried using MyAssembly as the first argument but this produces the error: 'MyAssembly' is a 'namespace' but is used like a 'variable' Any thoughts on how to fix this?

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Unable to browse some pdfs and docs.

- by JamesEggers

I have a web site that uses Microsoft Indexing Service to index and query a directory that holds various documents of type pdf, rtf, mht, and doc. The indexing and querying works well (for the most part); however, some files will load while others will not. This is a Windows Server 2003 box running the site using IIS 6. The indexed directory is a sub directory off of the site's root directory (i.e. http://my.domain.com/files/). The file paths are accurate in the URL; however, I can only access some of the files of each file type. The files that I cannot access give a 404 File Not Found. I am able to open all files via windows explorer;however, attempting to open them via a browser over http is hit and miss. Has anyone experienced this issue and know how to resolve it? Anyone have any idea why I could access some files but not others? Does anyone have any recommendations on what to look into to try this (i.e. does owner matter or something like that?)? EDIT: Here is the Request and Response Headers for a bad file: GET /files/file1.pdf HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/x-silverlight, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, / Accept-Language: en-us User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.590; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive Host: my.domain.com HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Content-Length: 1635 Content-Type: text/html Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Mon, 01 Jun 2009 15:38:54 GMT [typical 404 page markup excluded] Here is the Request/Response headers for the good file: GET /files/file2.pdf HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/x-silverlight, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, / Accept-Language: en-us User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.590; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive Host: my.domain.com HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Length: 352464 Content-Type: application/pdf Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Jan 2009 15:27:35 GMT Accept-Ranges: bytes ETag: "74ccc5759375c91:2a47" Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Mon, 01 Jun 2009 15:50:33 GMT

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[BEGINNER] Javascript Pop Ups

- by user566312

Hey All, My boss has asked for a page that will not change to have two timed pop ups load. I have found code and edited it to what I had thought it should do, but it is only loading the last onLoad event. I am a designer and I have helped with making webpages, but Javascript is so far outside of what I can understand. I have already learned how to use the single pop up and spent a whiiile learning the timeouts, but I cannot seem to get it to work with multiple popup functions. If you have a moment, would you take a look? Thank you :) h <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>H's Page 1</title> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">      </script>   </head> <body OnLoad="doPopup1(); doPopup2();"> <p>My page text.</p> <p>My page text.</p> <p>My page text.</p> <p>My page text.</p> </body> </html>

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C++: casting to void* and back

- by MInner

* ---Edit - now the whole sourse* When I debug it on the end, "get" and "value" have different values! Probably, I convert to void* and back to User the wrong way? #include <db_cxx.h> #include <stdio.h> struct User{ User(){} int name; int town; User(int a){}; inline int get_index(int a){ return town; } //for another stuff }; int main(){ try { DbEnv* env = new DbEnv(NULL); env->open("./", DB_CREATE | DB_INIT_MPOOL | DB_THREAD | DB_INIT_LOCK | DB_INIT_TXN | DB_RECOVER | DB_INIT_LOG, 0); Db* datab = new Db(env, 0); datab->open(NULL, "db.dbf", NULL, DB_BTREE, DB_CREATE | DB_AUTO_COMMIT, 0); Dbt key, value, get; char a[10] = "bbaaccd"; User u; u.name = 1; u.town = 34; key.set_data(a); key.set_size(strlen(a) + 1 ); value.set_data((void*)&u); value.set_size(sizeof(u)); get.set_flags(DB_DBT_MALLOC); DbTxn* txn; env->txn_begin(NULL, &txn, 0); datab->put(txn, &key, &value, 0); datab->get(txn, &key, &get, 0); txn->commit(0); User g; g = *((User*)&get); printf("%d", g.town); getchar(); return 0; }catch (DbException &e){ printf("%s", e.what()); getchar(); } solution create a kind of "serializator" what would convert all POD's into void* and then will unite these pieces PS Or I'd rewrite User into POD type and everything will be all right, I hope. Add It's strange, but... I cast a defenetly non-pod object to void* and back (it has std::string inside) and it's all right (without sending it to the db and back). How could it be? And after I cast and send 'trough' db defenetly pod object (no extra methods, all members are pod, it's a simple struct {int a; int b; ...}) I get back dirted one. What's wrong with my approach? Add about week after first 'add' Damn... I've compiled it ones, just for have a look at which kind of dirt it returnes, and oh! it's okay!... I can't ! ... AAh!.. Lord... A reasonable question (in 99.999 percent of situations right answer is 'my', but... here...) - whos is this fault? My or VSs?

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Proxy Issues with Javascript Cross Domain RSS Feed Parsing

- by Amir

This is my Javascript function which grabs an rss feed via the proxy script and then spits out the 5 latest rss items from the feed along with a link to my stylesheet: function getWidget (feed,limit) { if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { xhttp=new XMLHttpRequest() } else { xhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") } xhttp.open("GET","http://MYSITE/proxy.php?url="+feed,false); xhttp.send(""); xmlDoc=xhttp.responseXML; var x = 1; var div = document.getElementById("div"); srdiv.innerHTML = '<link type="text/css" href="http://MYSITE/css/widget.css" rel="stylesheet" /><div id="rss-title"></div></h3><div id="items"></div><br /><br /><a href="http://MYSITE">Powered by MYSITE</a>'; document.body.appendChild(div); content=xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("title"); thelink=xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("link"); document.getElementByTagName("rss-title").innerHTML += content[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue; for (x=1;x<=limit;srx++) { y=x; y--; var shout = '<div class="item"><a href="'+thelink[y].childNodes[0].nodeValue+'">'+content[x].childNodes[0].nodeValue+'</a></div>'; document.getElementById("items").innerHTML += shout; } } Here is the the code from proxy.php: $session = curl_init($_GET['url']); // Open the Curl session curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_HEADER, false); // Don't return HTTP headers curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); // Do return the contents of the call $xml = curl_exec($session); // Make the call header("Content-Type: text/xml"); // Set the content type appropriately echo $xml; // Spit out the xml curl_close($session); // And close the session Now when I try to load this on any domain that's not my site nothing loads. I get no JS errors, but I in the Console tab in firebug I get "407 Proxy Authentication Required" So I'm not really sure how to make this work. The goal is to be able to grab the RSS feed, parse it to grab the titles and links and spit it out into some HTML on any website on the web. I"m basically making a simple RSS widget for my site's various RSS feeds. My Javascript is wack Also, I'm really a beginner with Javascript. I know jQuery pretty well, but I wasn't able to use it in this case, because this script will be embeded on any site and I can't really rely on the jQuery library. So I was decided to write some basic Javascript relying on the default XML parsing options available. Any suggestions here would be cool. Thanks! What's with the x and y They way my site creates RSS feeds is that the first title is actually the RSS feed title. The second title is the title of the first item. The first link is the link to the first item. So when using the javascript to get the title, I had to first grab the first title (which is the RSS title) and then start with the second title that being the first title of the item. Sorry for the confusion, but I don't think this is related to my issue. Just wanted to clarify my code.

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C# Can anyone help convert this VB Webservice?

- by CraigJSte

I can't figure it out for the life of me.. I'm using SQL DataSet Query to iterate to a Class Object which acts as a Data Model for Flex... Initially I used VB.net but now need to convert to C#.. This conversion is done except for the last section where I create a DataRow arow and then try to add the DataSet Values to the Class (Results Class)... I get an error message.. 'VTResults.Results.Ticker' is inaccessible due to its protection level (this is down at the bottom) using System; using System.Web; using System.Collections; using System.Web.Services; using System.Web.Services.Protocols; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Configuration; /// <summary> /// Summary description for VTResults /// </summary> [WebService(Namespace = "http://velocitytrading.net/ResultsVT.aspx")] [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)] public class VTResults : System.Web.Services.WebService { public class Results { string Ticker; string BuyDate; decimal Buy; string SellDate; decimal Sell; string Profit; decimal Period; } [WebMethod] public Results[] GetResults() { string conn = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["LocalSqlServer"].ConnectionString; SqlConnection myconn = new SqlConnection(conn); SqlCommand mycomm = new SqlCommand(); SqlDataAdapter myda = new SqlDataAdapter(); DataSet myds = new DataSet(); mycomm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; mycomm.Connection = myconn; mycomm.CommandText = "dbo.Results"; myconn.Open(); myda.SelectCommand = mycomm; myda.Fill(myds); myconn.Close(); myconn.Dispose(); int i = 0; Results[] dts = new Results[myds.Tables[0].Rows.Count]; foreach(DataRow arow in myds.Tables[0].Rows) { dts[i] = new Results(); dts[i].Ticker = arow["Ticker"]; dts[i].BuyDate = arow["BuyDate"]; dts[1].Buy = arow["Buy"]; dts[i].SellDate = arow["SellDate"]; dts[i].Sell = arow["Sell"]; dts[i].Profit = arow["Profit"]; dts[i].Period = arow["Period"]; i+=1; } return dts; } } The VB.NET WEBSERVICE that runs fine which I am trying to convert to C# is here. Imports System.Web Imports System.Web.Services Imports System.Web.Services.Protocols Imports System.Data Imports System.Data.SqlClient <WebService(Namespace:="http://localhost:2597/Results/ResultsVT.aspx")> _ <WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo:=WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)> _ <Global.Microsoft.VisualBasic.CompilerServices.DesignerGenerated()> _ Public Class VTResults Inherits System.Web.Services.WebService Public Class Results Public Ticker As String Public BuyDate As String Public Buy As Decimal Public SellDate As String Public Sell As Decimal Public Profit As String Public Period As Decimal End Class <WebMethod()> _ Public Function GetResults() As Results() Try Dim conn As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("LocalSqlServer").ConnectionString Dim myconn = New SqlConnection(conn) Dim mycomm As New SqlCommand Dim myda As New SqlDataAdapter Dim myds As New DataSet mycomm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure mycomm.Connection = myconn mycomm.CommandText = "dbo.Results" myconn.Open() myda.SelectCommand = mycomm myda.Fill(myds) myconn.Close() myconn.Dispose() Dim i As Integer i = 0 Dim dts As Results() = New Results(myds.Tables(0).Rows.Count - 1) {} Dim aRow As DataRow For Each aRow In myds.Tables(0).Rows dts(i) = New Results dts(i).Ticker = aRow("Ticker") dts(i).BuyDate = aRow("BuyDate") dts(i).Buy = aRow("Buy") dts(i).SellDate = aRow("SellDate") dts(i).Sell = aRow("Sell") dts(i).Profit = aRow("Profit") dts(i).Period = aRow("Period") i += 1 Next Return dts Catch ex As DataException Throw ex End Try End Function End Class

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How do display checked value in checkbox on Google plus style popup box?

- by user946742

After reading this post on Stackoverflow Google plus popup box when hovering over thumbnail? I was inspirted to add it on my site. I managed to do so and the script adds the contacts to my database. So far awesome! However, my problem (and also appears in the example) is it does not display the "checked" value... so the user will never know if they already added them to their list or not. Is the correct way to display checked values with PHP? Here is my html code: <ul style="list-style: none;padding:2px;"> <li style="padding:5px 2px;"> <input type="checkbox" id="Friends" name="circles" value="Friends" '.$checked1.'/> Friends </li> <li style="padding:5px 2px;"> <input type="checkbox" id="Following" name="circles" value="Following" '.$checked2.'/>Following </li> <li style="padding:5px 2px;"> <input type="checkbox" id="Family" name="circles" value="Family" '.$checked3.'/> Family </li> <li style="padding:5px 2px;"> <input type="checkbox" id="Acquaintances" name="circles" value="Acquaintances" '.$checked4.'/> Acquaintances </li> </ul> And my PHP code is: if($circle_check_friends>0) { $ckecked1='checked=""'; } else if ($circle_check_following>0) { $ckecked2='checked=""'; } else if ($circle_check_family>0) { $ckecked3='checked=""'; } else if ($circle_check_acquaintances>0) { $ckecked4='checked=""'; } else if ($circle_check_friends=0) { $ckecked1=''; } else if ($circle_check_following=0) { $ckecked2=''; } else if ($circle_check_family=0) { $ckecked3=''; } else if ($circle_check_acquaintances=0) { $ckecked4=''; } Im lost because this is not giving me the result I want... i.e. for the checked values to be displayed according to the users choice. Your help is highly appreciated Thank you all in advance George

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How come my South migrations doesn't work for Django?

- by TIMEX

First, I create my database. create database mydb; I add "south" to installed Apps. Then, I go to this tutorial: http://south.aeracode.org/docs/tutorial/part1.html The tutorial tells me to do this: $ py manage.py schemamigration wall --initial >>> Created 0001_initial.py. You can now apply this migration with: ./manage.py migrate wall Great, now I migrate. $ py manage.py migrate wall But it gives me this error... django.db.utils.DatabaseError: (1146, "Table 'fable.south_migrationhistory' doesn't exist") So I use Google (which never works. hence my 870 questions asked on Stackoverflow), and I get this page: http://groups.google.com/group/south-users/browse_thread/thread/d4c83f821dd2ca1c Alright, so I follow that instructions >> Drop database mydb; >> Create database mydb; $ rm -rf ./wall/migrations $ py manage.py syncdb But when I run syncdb, Django creates a bunch of tables. Yes, it creates the south_migrationhistory table, but it also creates my app's tables. Synced: > django.contrib.admin > django.contrib.auth > django.contrib.contenttypes > django.contrib.sessions > django.contrib.sites > django.contrib.messages > south > fable.notification > pagination > timezones > fable.wall > mediasync > staticfiles > debug_toolbar Not synced (use migrations): - (use ./manage.py migrate to migrate these) Cool....now it tells me to migrate these. So, I do this: $ py manage.py migrate wall The app 'wall' does not appear to use migrations. Alright, so fine. I'll add wall to initial migrations. $ py manage.py schemamigration wall --initial Then I migrate: $ py manage.py migrate wall You know what? It gives me this BS: _mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1050, "Table 'wall_content' already exists") Sorry, this is really pissing me off. Can someone help ? thanks. How do I get South to work and sync correctly with everything?

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Idiomatic use of auto_ptr to transfer ownership to a container

- by heycam

I'm refreshing my C++ knowledge after not having used it in anger for a number of years. In writing some code to implement some data structure for practice, I wanted to make sure that my code was exception safe. So I've tried to use std::auto_ptrs in what I think is an appropriate way. Simplifying somewhat, this is what I have: class Tree { public: ~Tree() { /* delete all Node*s in the tree */ } void insert(const string& to_insert); ... private: struct Node { ... vector<Node*> m_children; }; Node* m_root; }; template<T> void push_back(vector<T*>& v, auto_ptr<T> x) { v.push_back(x.get()); x.release(); } void Tree::insert(const string& to_insert) { Node* n = ...; // find where to insert the new node ... push_back(n->m_children, auto_ptr<Node>(new Node(to_insert)); ... } So I'm wrapping the function that would put the pointer into the container, vector::push_back, and relying on the by-value auto_ptr argument to ensure that the Node* is deleted if the vector resize fails. Is this an idiomatic use of auto_ptr to save a bit of boilerplate in my Tree::insert? Any improvements you can suggest? Otherwise I'd have to have something like: Node* n = ...; // find where to insert the new node auto_ptr<Node> new_node(new Node(to_insert)); n->m_children.push_back(new_node.get()); new_node.release(); which kind of clutters up what would have been a single line of code if I wasn't worrying about exception safety and a memory leak. (Actually I was wondering if I could post my whole code sample (about 300 lines) and ask people to critique it for idiomatic C++ usage in general, but I'm not sure whether that kind of question is appropriate on stackoverflow.)

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Mocking HtmlHelper throws NullReferenceException

- by Matt Austin

I know that there are a few questions on StackOverflow on this topic but I haven't been able to get any of the suggestions to work for me. I've been banging my head against this for two days now so its time to ask for help... The following code snippit is a simplified unit test to demonstrate what I'm trying to do, which is basically call RadioButtonFor in the Microsoft.Web.Mvc assembly in a unit test. var model = new SendMessageModel { SendMessageType = SendMessageType.Member }; var vd = new ViewDataDictionary(model); vd.TemplateInfo = new TemplateInfo { HtmlFieldPrefix = string.Empty }; var controllerContext = new ControllerContext(new Mock<HttpContextBase>().Object, new RouteData(), new Mock<ControllerBase>().Object); var viewContext = new Mock<ViewContext>(new object[] { controllerContext, new Mock<IView>().Object, vd, new TempDataDictionary(), new Mock<TextWriter>().Object }); viewContext.Setup(v => v.View).Returns(new Mock<IView>().Object); viewContext.Setup(v => v.ViewData).Returns(vd).Callback(() => {throw new Exception("ViewData extracted");}); viewContext.Setup(v => v.TempData).Returns(new TempDataDictionary()); viewContext.Setup(v => v.Writer).Returns(new Mock<TextWriter>().Object); viewContext.Setup(v => v.RouteData).Returns(new RouteData()); viewContext.Setup(v => v.HttpContext).Returns(new Mock<HttpContextBase>().Object); viewContext.Setup(v => v.Controller).Returns(new Mock<ControllerBase>().Object); viewContext.Setup(v => v.FormContext).Returns(new FormContext()); var mockContainer = new Mock<IViewDataContainer>(); mockContainer.Setup(x => x.ViewData).Returns(vd); var helper = new HtmlHelper<ISendMessageModel>(viewContext.Object, mockContainer.Object, new RouteCollection()); helper.RadioButtonFor(m => m.SendMessageType, "Member", cssClass: "selector"); If I remove the cssClass parameter then the code works ok but fails consistently when adding additional parameters. I've tried every combination of mocking, instantiating concrete types and using fakes that I can think off but I always get a NullReferenceException when I call RadioButtonFor. Any help hugely appreciated!!

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OpenXML sdk Modify a sheet in my Excel document

- by user465202

hi! I create an empty template in excel. I would like to open the template and edit the document but I do not know how to change the existing sheet. That's the code: using (SpreadsheetDocument xl = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filename, true)) { WorkbookPart wbp = xl.WorkbookPart; WorkbookPart workbook = xl.WorkbookPart; // Get the worksheet with the required name. // To be used to match the ID for the required sheet data // because the Sheet class and the SheetData class aren't // linked to each other directly. Sheet s = null; if (wbp.Workbook.Sheets.Elements().Count(nm = nm.Name == sheetName) == 0) { // no such sheet with that name xl.Close(); return; } else { s = (Sheet)wbp.Workbook.Sheets.Elements().Where(nm = nm.Name == sheetName).First(); } WorksheetPart wsp = (WorksheetPart)xl.WorkbookPart.GetPartById(s.Id.Value); Worksheet worksheet = new Worksheet(); SheetData sd = new SheetData(); //SheetData sd = (SheetData)wsp.Worksheet.GetFirstChild(); Stylesheet styleSheet = workbook.WorkbookStylesPart.Stylesheet; //SheetData sheetData = new SheetData(); //build the formatted header style UInt32Value headerFontIndex = util.CreateFont( styleSheet, "Arial", 10, true, System.Drawing.Color.Red); //build the formatted date style UInt32Value dateFontIndex = util.CreateFont( styleSheet, "Arial", 8, true, System.Drawing.Color.Black); //set the background color style UInt32Value headerFillIndex = util.CreateFill( styleSheet, System.Drawing.Color.Black); //create the cell style by combining font/background UInt32Value headerStyleIndex = util.CreateCellFormat( styleSheet, headerFontIndex, headerFillIndex, null); /* * Create a set of basic cell styles for specific formats... * If you are controlling your table then you can simply create the styles you need, * this set of code is still intended to be generic. */ _numberStyleId = util.CreateCellFormat(styleSheet, null, null, UInt32Value.FromUInt32(3)); _doubleStyleId = util.CreateCellFormat(styleSheet, null, null, UInt32Value.FromUInt32(4)); _dateStyleId = util.CreateCellFormat(styleSheet, null, null, UInt32Value.FromUInt32(14)); _textStyleId = util.CreateCellFormat(styleSheet, headerFontIndex, headerFillIndex, null); _percentageStyleId = util.CreateCellFormat(styleSheet, null, null, UInt32Value.FromUInt32(9)); util.AddNumber(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)3, "E", "27", _numberStyleId); util.AddNumber(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)3, "F", "3.6", _doubleStyleId); util.AddNumber(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)5, "L", "5", _percentageStyleId); util.AddText(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)5, "M", "Dario", _textStyleId); util.AddDate(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)3, "J", DateTime.Now, _dateStyleId); util.AddImage(xl, sheetName, imagePath, "Smile", "Smile", 30, 30); util.MergeCells(xl, sheetName, "D12", "F12"); //util.DeleteValueCell(spreadsheet, sheetName, "F", (UInt32)8); txtCellText.Text = util.GetCellValue(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)5, "M"); double number = util.GetCellDoubleValue(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)3, "E"); double numberD = util.GetCellDoubleValue(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)3, "F"); DateTime datee = util.GetCellDateTimeValue(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)3, "J"); //txtDoubleCell.Text = util.GetCellValue(spreadsheet, sheetName, (UInt32)3, "P"); txtPercentualeCell.Text = util.GetCellValue(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)5, "L"); string date = util.GetCellValue(xl, sheetName, (UInt32)3, "J"); double dateD = Convert.ToDouble(date); DateTime dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(dateD); txtDateCell.Text = dateTime.ToShortDateString(); //worksheet.Append(sd); /* Columns columns = new Columns(); columns.Append(util.CreateColumnData(10, 10, 40)); worksheet.Append(columns); */ SheetProtection sheetProtection1 = new SheetProtection() { Sheet = true, Objects = true, Scenarios = true, SelectLockedCells = true, SelectUnlockedCells = true }; worksheet.Append(sheetProtection1); wsp.Worksheet = worksheet; wsp.Worksheet.Save(); xl.WorkbookPart.Workbook.Save(); xl.Close(); thanks!

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DataContractSerializer and XSLT

- by Russ Clark

I've got a simple Employee class that I'm trying to serialize to an XDocument and then use XSLT to transform the document to a page that displays both the properties (Name and ID) from the Employee class, and an html form with 2 radio buttons (Approve and Reject) and a submit button. Here is the Employee class: [Serializable, DataContract(Namespace="XSLT_MVC.Controllers/")] public class Employee { [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public int ID { get; set; } public Employee() { } public Employee(string name, int id) { Name = name; ID = id; } public XDocument GetDoc() { XDocument doc = new XDocument(); var serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Employee)); using (var writer = doc.CreateWriter()) { serializer.WriteObject(writer, this); writer.Close(); } return doc; } } And here is the XSLT file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > <xsl:output method="html" indent="yes"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <xsl:value-of select="Employee/Name"/> <br /> <xsl:value-of select="Employee/ID"/> <br /> <form method="post" action="/Home/ProcessRequest?id={Employee/ID}"> <input id="Action" name="Action" type="radio" value="Approved"></input> Approved <br /> <input id="Action" name="Action" type="radio" value="Rejected"></input> Rejected <br /> <input type="submit" value="Submit"></input> </form> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> When I run this, all I get is the html form with the 2 radio buttons and the submit button, but not the properties from the Employee class. I saw a separate StackOverflow post that said I need to change the <xsl:template match="/"> to match on the namespace of my Employee class like this: <xsl:template match="/XSLT_MVC.Controllers">, but when I do that, now all I get are the Employee properties, and not the html form with the 2 radio buttons and the submit button. Does anyone know what needs to be done so that my transform will select and display both the Employee properties and the html form?

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Blackberry XML Parsing Application not working

- by Nirmal

Hello All... I found one sample application from the Blackberry knowledgebase. From that application I have put that sample application on my eclipse plugin, and the code is as follows : import javax.microedition.io.*; import net.rim.device.api.ui.*; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.*; import net.rim.device.api.ui.container.*; import net.rim.device.api.system.*; import net.rim.device.api.xml.parsers.*; import org.w3c.dom.*; import org.xml.sax.*; class XML_Parsing_Sample extends UiApplication { // creating a member variable for the MainScreen MainScreen _screen = new MainScreen(); // string variables to store the values of the XML document String _node, _element; Connection _connectionthread; public static void main(String arg[]) { XML_Parsing_Sample application = new XML_Parsing_Sample(); // create a new instance of the application // and start the application on the event thread application.enterEventDispatcher(); } public XML_Parsing_Sample() { _screen.setTitle("XML Parsing");// setting title _screen.add(new RichTextField("Requesting.....")); _screen.add(new SeparatorField()); pushScreen(_screen); // creating a screen // creating a connection thread to run in the background _connectionthread = new Connection(); _connectionthread.start();// starting the thread operation } public void updateField(String node, String element) { // receiving the parsed node and its value from the thread // and updating it here // so it can be displayed on the screen String title = "My App"; _screen.add(new RichTextField(node + " : " + element)); if (node.equals(title)) { _screen.add(new SeparatorField()); } } private class Connection extends Thread { public Connection() { super(); } public void run() { // define variables later used for parsing Document doc; StreamConnection conn; try { // providing the location of the XML file, // your address might be different conn = (StreamConnection) Connector .open("http://www.sufalamtech.com/demo/moviewebservice/Test.xml"); // next few lines creates variables to open a // stream, parse it, collect XML data and // extract the data which is required. // In this case they are elements, // node and the values of an element DocumentBuilderFactory docBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory .newInstance(); DocumentBuilder docBuilder = docBuilderFactory .newDocumentBuilder(); docBuilder.isValidating(); doc = docBuilder.parse(conn.openInputStream()); doc.getDocumentElement().normalize(); NodeList list = doc.getElementsByTagName("*"); _node = new String(); _element = new String(); // this "for" loop is used to parse through the // XML document and extract all elements and their // value, so they can be displayed on the device for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) { Node value = list.item(i).getChildNodes().item(0); _node = list.item(i).getNodeName(); _element = value.getNodeValue(); updateField(_node, _element); }// end for }// end try // will catch any exception thrown by the XML parser catch (Exception e) { Dialog.alert("exception = " + e); } }// end connection function }// end connection class }// end XML_Parsing_Sample But when I am running this application, the simulator just showing me a Blank screen with label Requesting... Anybody help me out for this ? Thanks in advance...

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drupal jQuery 1.4 on specific pages

- by Mark

I'm looking for a way to force drupal to use 1.4 on specific pages. This is the same as this old question:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2842792/drupal-jquery-1-4-on-specific-pages It look me a while to try the answer which I marked correct. But because I'm new to module dev overall I couldn't figure it out based on the answer. The code from that answer looked like this: /** * Implementation of hook_theme_registry_alter(). * Based on the jquery_update module. * * Make this page preprocess function runs *last*, * so that a theme can't call drupal_get_js(). */ function MYMODULE_theme_registry_alter(&$theme_registry) { if (isset($theme_registry['page'])) { // See if our preprocess function is loaded, if so remove it. if ($key = array_search('MYMODULE_preprocess_page', $theme_registry['page']['preprocess functions'])) { unset($theme_registry['page']['preprocess functions'][$key]); } // Now add it on at the end of the array so that it runs last. $theme_registry['page']['preprocess functions'][] = 'MYMODULE_preprocess_page'; } } /** * Implementation of moduleName_preprocess_hook(). * Based on the jquery_update module functions. * * Strips out JS and CSS for a path. */ function MYMODULE_preprocess_page(&$variables, $arg = 'my_page', $delta=0) { // I needed a one hit wonder. Can be altered to use function arguments // to increase it's flexibility. if(arg($delta) == $arg) { $scripts = drupal_add_js(); $css = drupal_add_css(); // Only do this for pages that have JavaScript on them. if (!empty($variables['scripts'])) { $path = drupal_get_path('module', 'admin_menu'); unset($scripts['module'][$path . '/admin_menu.js']); $variables['scripts'] = drupal_get_js('header', $scripts); } // Similar process for CSS but there are 2 Css realted variables. // $variables['css'] and $variables['styles'] are both used. if (!empty($variables['css'])) { $path = drupal_get_path('module', 'admin_menu'); unset($css['all']['module'][$path . '/admin_menu.css']); unset($css['all']['module'][$path . '/admin_menu.color.css']); $variables['styles'] = drupal_get_css($css); } } } I need the jquery_update 1.3.2 to be unset on the node-types of 'blog' and 'video'. Can someone help me out? Thank you.

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Where should I create my DbCommand instances?

- by Domenic

I seemingly have two choices: Make my class implement IDisposable. Create my DbCommand instances as private readonly fields, and in the constructor, add the parameters that they use. Whenever I want to write to the database, bind to these parameters (reusing the same command instances), set the Connection and Transaction properties, then call ExecuteNonQuery. In the Dispose method, call Dispose on each of these fields. Each time I want to write to the database, write using(var cmd = new DbCommand("...", connection, transaction)) around the usage of the command, and add parameters and bind to them every time as well, before calling ExecuteNonQuery. I assume I don't need a new command for each query, just a new command for each time I open the database (right?). Both of these seem somewhat inelegant and possibly incorrect. For #1, it is annoying for my users that I this class is now IDisposable just because I have used a few DbCommands (which should be an implementation detail that they don't care about). I also am somewhat suspicious that keeping a DbCommand instance around might inadvertently lock the database or something? For #2, it feels like I'm doing a lot of work (in terms of .NET objects) each time I want to write to the database, especially with the parameter-adding. It seems like I create the same object every time, which just feels like bad practice. For reference, here is my current code, using #1: using System; using System.Net; using System.Data.SQLite; public class Class1 : IDisposable { private readonly SQLiteCommand updateCookie = new SQLiteCommand("UPDATE moz_cookies SET value = @value, expiry = @expiry, isSecure = @isSecure, isHttpOnly = @isHttpOnly WHERE name = @name AND host = @host AND path = @path"); public Class1() { this.updateCookie.Parameters.AddRange(new[] { new SQLiteParameter("@name"), new SQLiteParameter("@value"), new SQLiteParameter("@host"), new SQLiteParameter("@path"), new SQLiteParameter("@expiry"), new SQLiteParameter("@isSecure"), new SQLiteParameter("@isHttpOnly") }); } private static void BindDbCommandToMozillaCookie(DbCommand command, Cookie cookie) { long expiresSeconds = (long)cookie.Expires.TotalSeconds; command.Parameters["@name"].Value = cookie.Name; command.Parameters["@value"].Value = cookie.Value; command.Parameters["@host"].Value = cookie.Domain; command.Parameters["@path"].Value = cookie.Path; command.Parameters["@expiry"].Value = expiresSeconds; command.Parameters["@isSecure"].Value = cookie.Secure; command.Parameters["@isHttpOnly"].Value = cookie.HttpOnly; } public void WriteCurrentCookiesToMozillaBasedBrowserSqlite(string databaseFilename) { using (SQLiteConnection connection = new SQLiteConnection("Data Source=" + databaseFilename)) { connection.Open(); using (SQLiteTransaction transaction = connection.BeginTransaction()) { this.updateCookie.Connection = connection; this.updateCookie.Transaction = transaction; foreach (Cookie cookie in SomeOtherClass.GetCookieArray()) { Class1.BindDbCommandToMozillaCookie(this.updateCookie, cookie); this.updateCookie.ExecuteNonQuery(); } transaction.Commit(); } } } #region IDisposable implementation protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (!this.disposed && disposing) { this.updateCookie.Dispose(); } this.disposed = true; } public void Dispose() { this.Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } ~Class1() { this.Dispose(false); } private bool disposed; #endregion }

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HTML: order of divs and a tags for href

- by user2962389

I'm busy with HTML and CSS and got stuck with this. I have created a button with :hover and :active options, which is centered on the page. Clicking on this button needs to lead to a website. My HTML is: <div> <a href="website"><div id="button">Text</div></a> </div> The CSS is: body, html { height: 100%; } a { text-decoration: none; } #button { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; padding: 1em 0.5em 0.8em; background-color: white; font-family: Myriad Pro, Source Sans Pro, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: #ff4700; cursor: pointer; width: 150px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid #ff4700; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 50px; -webkit-transition: all .1s ease; -moz-transition: all .1s ease; -ms-transition: all .1s ease; -o-transition: all .1s ease; transition: all .1s ease; } #button:hover { background-color: #ff4700; color: white; border: 1px solid white; } #button:active { background-color: #cc3900; } The problem lies in the fact that the whole width of the page is clickable at the height of the button and not only the button itself that is 150px wide and is centered on the page. I think I have my divs mixed up and it needs other formatting and precedence, but I'm not sure. Thanks for your help! P.S. First time on StackOverflow, sorry if I formatted something wrong.

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Why is my namespace not recognized in Visual Studio / xaml

- by msfanboy

Hello, these are my 2 classes a Attachable Property SelectedItems: code is from here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1297643/sync-selecteditems-in-a-muliselect-listbox-with-a-collection-in-viewmodel The namespace TBM.Helper is for sure proper as it works for other classes too. The namespace reference is also in the xaml file: xmlns:Helper="clr_namespace:TBM.Helper" But <ListBox Helper:SelectedItems.Items="{Binding SelectedItems}" ... does not work because = The property 'SelectedItems.Items' does not exist in XML namespace 'clr_namespace:TBM.Helper'. The attachable property 'Items' was not found in type 'SelectedItems What do I have to change ? using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Collections; using System.Windows; namespace TBM.Helper { public static class SelectedItems : DependencyObject { private static readonly DependencyProperty SelectedItemsBehaviorProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached( "SelectedItemsBehavior", typeof(SelectedItemsBehavior), typeof(ListBox), null); public static readonly DependencyProperty ItemsProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached( "Items", typeof(IList), typeof(SelectedItems), new PropertyMetadata(null, ItemsPropertyChanged)); public static void SetItems(ListBox listBox, IList list) { listBox.SetValue(ItemsProperty, list); } public static IList GetItems(ListBox listBox) { return listBox.GetValue(ItemsProperty) as IList; } private static void ItemsPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) { var target = d as ListBox; if (target != null) { GetOrCreateBehavior(target, e.NewValue as IList); } } private static SelectedItemsBehavior GetOrCreateBehavior(ListBox target, IList list) { var behavior = target.GetValue(SelectedItemsBehaviorProperty) as SelectedItemsBehavior; if (behavior == null) { behavior = new SelectedItemsBehavior(target, list); target.SetValue(SelectedItemsBehaviorProperty, behavior); } return behavior; } } } using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Collections; namespace TBM.Helper { public class SelectedItemsBehavior { private readonly ListBox _listBox; private readonly IList _boundList; public SelectedItemsBehavior(ListBox listBox, IList boundList) { _boundList = boundList; _listBox = listBox; SetSelectedItems(); _listBox.SelectionChanged += OnSelectionChanged; _listBox.DataContextChanged += OnDataContextChanged; } private void SetSelectedItems() { _listBox.SelectedItems.Clear(); foreach (object item in _boundList) { // References in _boundList might not be the same as in _listBox.Items int i = _listBox.Items.IndexOf(item); if (i >= 0) _listBox.SelectedItems.Add(_listBox.Items[i]); } } private void OnDataContextChanged(object sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) { SetSelectedItems(); } private void OnSelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e) { _boundList.Clear(); foreach (var item in _listBox.SelectedItems) _boundList.Add(item); } } }

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How does the event dispatch thread work?

- by Roman

With the help of people on stackoverflow I was able to get the following working code of the simples GUI countdown (it just displays a window counting down seconds). My main problem with this code is the invokeLater stuff. As far as I understand the invokeLater send a task to the event dispatching thread (EDT) and then the EDT execute this task whenever it "can" (whatever it means). Is it right? To my understanding the code works like that: In the main method we use invokeLater to show the window (showGUI method). In other words, the code displaying the window will be executed in the EDT. In the main method we also start the counter and the counter (by construction) is executed in another thread (so it is not in the event dispatching thread). Right? The counter is executed in a separate thread and periodically it calls updateGUI. The updateGUI is supposed to update GUI. And GUI is working in the EDT. So, updateGUI should also be executed in the EDT. It is why the code for the updateGUI is inclosed in the invokeLater. Is it right? What is not clear to me is why we call the counter from the EDT. Anyway it is not executed in the EDT. It starts immediately a new thread and the counter is executed there. So, why we cannot call the counter in the main method after the invokeLater block? import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.SwingUtilities; public class CountdownNew { static JLabel label; // Method which defines the appearance of the window. public static void showGUI() { JFrame frame = new JFrame("Simple Countdown"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); label = new JLabel("Some Text"); frame.add(label); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } // Define a new thread in which the countdown is counting down. public static Thread counter = new Thread() { public void run() { for (int i=10; i>0; i=i-1) { updateGUI(i,label); try {Thread.sleep(1000);} catch(InterruptedException e) {}; } } }; // A method which updates GUI (sets a new value of JLabel). private static void updateGUI(final int i, final JLabel label) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater( new Runnable() { public void run() { label.setText("You have " + i + " seconds."); } } ); } public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { showGUI(); counter.start(); } }); } }

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About global.asax and the events there

- by eski

So what i'm trying to understand is the whole global.asax events. I doing a simple counter that records website visits. I am using MSSQL. Basicly i have two ints. totalNumberOfUsers - The total visist from begining. currentNumberOfUsers - Total of users viewing the site at the moment. So the way i understand global.asax events is that every time someone comes to the site "Session_Start" is fired once. So once per user. "Application_Start" is fired only once the first time someone comes to the site. Going with this i have my global.asax file here. <script runat="server"> string connectionstring = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnectionString1"].ConnectionString; void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Code that runs on application startup Application.Lock(); Application["currentNumberOfUsers"] = 0; Application.UnLock(); string sql = "Select c_hit from v_counter where (id=1)"; SqlConnection connect = new SqlConnection(connectionstring); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, connect); cmd.Connection.Open(); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); while (reader.Read()) { Application.Lock(); Application["totalNumberOfUsers"] = reader.GetInt32(0); Application.UnLock(); } reader.Close(); cmd.Connection.Close(); } void Application_End(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Code that runs on application shutdown } void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Code that runs when an unhandled error occurs } void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Code that runs when a new session is started Application.Lock(); Application["totalNumberOfUsers"] = (int)Application["totalNumberOfUsers"] + 1; Application["currentNumberOfUsers"] = (int)Application["currentNumberOfUsers"] + 1; Application.UnLock(); string sql = "UPDATE v_counter SET c_hit = @hit WHERE c_type = 'totalNumberOfUsers'"; SqlConnection connect = new SqlConnection(connectionstring); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, connect); SqlParameter hit = new SqlParameter("@hit", SqlDbType.Int); hit.Value = Application["totalNumberOfUsers"]; cmd.Parameters.Add(hit); cmd.Connection.Open(); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); cmd.Connection.Close(); } void Session_End(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Code that runs when a session ends. // Note: The Session_End event is raised only when the sessionstate mode // is set to InProc in the Web.config file. If session mode is set to StateServer // or SQLServer, the event is not raised. Application.Lock(); Application["currentNumberOfUsers"] = (int)Application["currentNumberOfUsers"] - 1; Application.UnLock(); } </script> In the page_load i have this protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { l_current.Text = Application["currentNumberOfUsers"].ToString(); l_total.Text = Application["totalNumberOfUsers"].ToString(); } So if i understand this right, every time someone comes to the site both the currentNumberOfUsers and totalNumberOfUsers are incremented with 1. But when the session is over the currentNumberOfUsers is decremented with 1. If i go to the site with 3 types of browsers with the same computer i should have 3 in hits on both counters. Doing this again after hours i should have 3 in current and 6 in total, right ? The way its working right now is the current goes up to 2 and the total is incremented on every postback on IE and Chrome but not on firefox. And one last thing, is this the same thing ? Application["value"] = 0; value = Application["value"] //OR Application.Set("Value", 0); Value = Application.Get("Value");

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Python/Biomolecular Physics- Trying to code a simple stochastic simulation of a system exhibiting co

- by user359597

*edited 6/17/10 I'm trying to understand how to improve my code (make it more pythonic). Also, I'm interested in writing more intuitive 'conditionals' that would describe scenarios that are commonplace in biochemistry. The conditional criteria in the below program is explained in Answer #2, but I am not satisfied with it- it is correct, but isn't obvious and isn't easy to implement for more complicated conditional scenarios. Ideas welcome. Comments/criticisms welcome. First posting experience @ stackoverflow- please comment on etiquette if needed. The code generates a list of values that are the solution to the following exercise: "In a programming language of your choice, implement Gillespie’s First Reaction Algorithm to study the temporal behaviour of the reaction A---B in which the transition from A to B can only take place if another compound, C, is present, and where C dynamically interconverts with D, as modelled in the Petri-net below. Assume that there are 100 molecules of A, 1 of C, and no B or D present at the start of the reaction. Set kAB to 0.1 s-1 and both kCD and kDC to 1.0 s-1. Simulate the behaviour of the system over 100 s." def sim(): # Set the rate constants for all transitions kAB = 0.1 kCD = 1.0 kDC = 1.0 # Set up the initial state A = 100 B = 0 C = 1 D = 0 # Set the start and end times t = 0.0 tEnd = 100.0 print "Time\t", "Transition\t", "A\t", "B\t", "C\t", "D" # Compute the first interval transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) # Loop until the end time is exceded or no transition can fire any more while t <= tEnd and transition >= 0: print t, '\t', transition, '\t', A, '\t', B, '\t', C, '\t', D t += interval if transition == 0: A -= 1 B += 1 if transition == 1: C -= 1 D += 1 if transition == 2: C += 1 D -= 1 transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) def transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC): """ Returns nTransition, the number of the firing transition (0: A->B, 1: C->D, 2: D->C), and interval, the interval between the time of the previous transition and that of the current one. """ RAB = kAB * A * C RCD = kCD * C RDC = kDC * D dt = [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0] if RAB > 0.0: dt[0] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RAB if RCD > 0.0: dt[1] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RCD if RDC > 0.0: dt[2] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RDC interval = 1e36 transition = -1 for n in range(len(dt)): if dt[n] > 0.0 and dt[n] < interval: interval = dt[n] transition = n return transition, interval if __name__ == '__main__': sim()

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Using IOperationBehavior to supply a WCF parameter

- by Chris Kemp

This is my first step into the world of stackoverflow, so apologies if I cock anything up. I'm trying to create a WCF Operation which has a parameter that is not exposed to the outside world, but is instead automatically passed into the function. So the world sees this: int Add(int a, int b) But it is implemented as: int Add(object context, int a, int b) Then, the context gets supplied by the system at run-time. The example I'm working with is completely artificial, but mimics something that I'm looking into in a real-world scenario. I'm able to get close, but not quite the whole way there. First off, I created a simple method and wrote an application to confirm it works. It does. It returns a + b and writes the context as a string to my debug. Yay. [OperationContract] int Add(object context, int a, int b); I then wrote the following code: public class SupplyContextAttribute : Attribute, IOperationBehavior { public void Validate(OperationDescription operationDescription) { if (!operationDescription.Messages.Any(m => m.Body.Parts.First().Name == "context")) throw new FaultException("Parameter 'context' is missing."); } public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, DispatchOperation dispatchOperation) { dispatchOperation.Invoker = new SupplyContextInvoker(dispatchOperation.Invoker); } public void ApplyClientBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, ClientOperation clientOperation) { } public void AddBindingParameters(OperationDescription operationDescription, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters) { // Remove the 'context' parameter from the inbound message operationDescription.Messages[0].Body.Parts.RemoveAt(0); } } public class SupplyContextInvoker : IOperationInvoker { readonly IOperationInvoker _invoker; public SupplyContextInvoker(IOperationInvoker invoker) { _invoker = invoker; } public object[] AllocateInputs() { return _invoker.AllocateInputs().Skip(1).ToArray(); } private object[] IntroduceContext(object[] inputs) { return new[] { "MyContext" }.Concat(inputs).ToArray(); } public object Invoke(object instance, object[] inputs, out object[] outputs) { return _invoker.Invoke(instance, IntroduceContext(inputs), out outputs); } public IAsyncResult InvokeBegin(object instance, object[] inputs, AsyncCallback callback, object state) { return _invoker.InvokeBegin(instance, IntroduceContext(inputs), callback, state); } public object InvokeEnd(object instance, out object[] outputs, IAsyncResult result) { return _invoker.InvokeEnd(instance, out outputs, result); } public bool IsSynchronous { get { return _invoker.IsSynchronous; } } } And my WCF operation now looks like this: [OperationContract, SupplyContext] int Amend(object context, int a, int b); My updated references no longer show the 'context' parameter, which is exactly what I want. The trouble is that whenver I run the code, it gets past the AllocateInputs and then throws an Index was outside the bounds of the Array. error somewhere in the WCF guts. I've tried other things, and I find that I can successfully change the type of the parameter and rename it and have my code work. But the moment I remove the parameter it falls over. Can anyone give me some idea of how to get this to work (or if it can be done at all).

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