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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: The Generic Func Delegates

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. Back in one of my three original “Little Wonders” Trilogy of posts, I had listed generic delegates as one of the Little Wonders of .NET.  Later, someone posted a comment saying said that they would love more detail on the generic delegates and their uses, since my original entry just scratched the surface of them. Last week, I began our look at some of the handy generic delegates built into .NET with a description of delegates in general, and the Action family of delegates.  For this week, I’ll launch into a look at the Func family of generic delegates and how they can be used to support generic, reusable algorithms and classes. Quick Delegate Recap Delegates are similar to function pointers in C++ in that they allow you to store a reference to a method.  They can store references to either static or instance methods, and can actually be used to chain several methods together in one delegate. Delegates are very type-safe and can be satisfied with any standard method, anonymous method, or a lambda expression.  They can also be null as well (refers to no method), so care should be taken to make sure that the delegate is not null before you invoke it. Delegates are defined using the keyword delegate, where the delegate’s type name is placed where you would typically place the method name: 1: // This delegate matches any method that takes string, returns nothing 2: public delegate void Log(string message); This delegate defines a delegate type named Log that can be used to store references to any method(s) that satisfies its signature (whether instance, static, lambda expression, etc.). Delegate instances then can be assigned zero (null) or more methods using the operator = which replaces the existing delegate chain, or by using the operator += which adds a method to the end of a delegate chain: 1: // creates a delegate instance named currentLogger defaulted to Console.WriteLine (static method) 2: Log currentLogger = Console.Out.WriteLine; 3:  4: // invokes the delegate, which writes to the console out 5: currentLogger("Hi Standard Out!"); 6:  7: // append a delegate to Console.Error.WriteLine to go to std error 8: currentLogger += Console.Error.WriteLine; 9:  10: // invokes the delegate chain and writes message to std out and std err 11: currentLogger("Hi Standard Out and Error!"); While delegates give us a lot of power, it can be cumbersome to re-create fairly standard delegate definitions repeatedly, for this purpose the generic delegates were introduced in various stages in .NET.  These support various method types with particular signatures. Note: a caveat with generic delegates is that while they can support multiple parameters, they do not match methods that contains ref or out parameters. If you want to a delegate to represent methods that takes ref or out parameters, you will need to create a custom delegate. We’ve got the Func… delegates Just like it’s cousin, the Action delegate family, the Func delegate family gives us a lot of power to use generic delegates to make classes and algorithms more generic.  Using them keeps us from having to define a new delegate type when need to make a class or algorithm generic. Remember that the point of the Action delegate family was to be able to perform an “action” on an item, with no return results.  Thus Action delegates can be used to represent most methods that take 0 to 16 arguments but return void.  You can assign a method The Func delegate family was introduced in .NET 3.5 with the advent of LINQ, and gives us the power to define a function that can be called on 0 to 16 arguments and returns a result.  Thus, the main difference between Action and Func, from a delegate perspective, is that Actions return nothing, but Funcs return a result. The Func family of delegates have signatures as follows: Func<TResult> – matches a method that takes no arguments, and returns value of type TResult. Func<T, TResult> – matches a method that takes an argument of type T, and returns value of type TResult. Func<T1, T2, TResult> – matches a method that takes arguments of type T1 and T2, and returns value of type TResult. Func<T1, T2, …, TResult> – and so on up to 16 arguments, and returns value of type TResult. These are handy because they quickly allow you to be able to specify that a method or class you design will perform a function to produce a result as long as the method you specify meets the signature. For example, let’s say you were designing a generic aggregator, and you wanted to allow the user to define how the values will be aggregated into the result (i.e. Sum, Min, Max, etc…).  To do this, we would ask the user of our class to pass in a method that would take the current total, the next value, and produce a new total.  A class like this could look like: 1: public sealed class Aggregator<TValue, TResult> 2: { 3: // holds method that takes previous result, combines with next value, creates new result 4: private Func<TResult, TValue, TResult> _aggregationMethod; 5:  6: // gets or sets the current result of aggregation 7: public TResult Result { get; private set; } 8:  9: // construct the aggregator given the method to use to aggregate values 10: public Aggregator(Func<TResult, TValue, TResult> aggregationMethod = null) 11: { 12: if (aggregationMethod == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("aggregationMethod"); 13:  14: _aggregationMethod = aggregationMethod; 15: } 16:  17: // method to add next value 18: public void Aggregate(TValue nextValue) 19: { 20: // performs the aggregation method function on the current result and next and sets to current result 21: Result = _aggregationMethod(Result, nextValue); 22: } 23: } Of course, LINQ already has an Aggregate extension method, but that works on a sequence of IEnumerable<T>, whereas this is designed to work more with aggregating single results over time (such as keeping track of a max response time for a service). We could then use this generic aggregator to find the sum of a series of values over time, or the max of a series of values over time (among other things): 1: // creates an aggregator that adds the next to the total to sum the values 2: var sumAggregator = new Aggregator<int, int>((total, next) => total + next); 3:  4: // creates an aggregator (using static method) that returns the max of previous result and next 5: var maxAggregator = new Aggregator<int, int>(Math.Max); So, if we were timing the response time of a web method every time it was called, we could pass that response time to both of these aggregators to get an idea of the total time spent in that web method, and the max time spent in any one call to the web method: 1: // total will be 13 and max 13 2: int responseTime = 13; 3: sumAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 4: maxAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 5:  6: // total will be 20 and max still 13 7: responseTime = 7; 8: sumAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 9: maxAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 10:  11: // total will be 40 and max now 20 12: responseTime = 20; 13: sumAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 14: maxAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); The Func delegate family is useful for making generic algorithms and classes, and in particular allows the caller of the method or user of the class to specify a function to be performed in order to generate a result. What is the result of a Func delegate chain? If you remember, we said earlier that you can assign multiple methods to a delegate by using the += operator to chain them.  So how does this affect delegates such as Func that return a value, when applied to something like the code below? 1: Func<int, int, int> combo = null; 2:  3: // What if we wanted to aggregate the sum and max together? 4: combo += (total, next) => total + next; 5: combo += Math.Max; 6:  7: // what is the result? 8: var comboAggregator = new Aggregator<int, int>(combo); Well, in .NET if you chain multiple methods in a delegate, they will all get invoked, but the result of the delegate is the result of the last method invoked in the chain.  Thus, this aggregator would always result in the Math.Max() result.  The other chained method (the sum) gets executed first, but it’s result is thrown away: 1: // result is 13 2: int responseTime = 13; 3: comboAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 4:  5: // result is still 13 6: responseTime = 7; 7: comboAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 8:  9: // result is now 20 10: responseTime = 20; 11: comboAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); So remember, you can chain multiple Func (or other delegates that return values) together, but if you do so you will only get the last executed result. Func delegates and co-variance/contra-variance in .NET 4.0 Just like the Action delegate, as of .NET 4.0, the Func delegate family is contra-variant on its arguments.  In addition, it is co-variant on its return type.  To support this, in .NET 4.0 the signatures of the Func delegates changed to: Func<out TResult> – matches a method that takes no arguments, and returns value of type TResult (or a more derived type). Func<in T, out TResult> – matches a method that takes an argument of type T (or a less derived type), and returns value of type TResult(or a more derived type). Func<in T1, in T2, out TResult> – matches a method that takes arguments of type T1 and T2 (or less derived types), and returns value of type TResult (or a more derived type). Func<in T1, in T2, …, out TResult> – and so on up to 16 arguments, and returns value of type TResult (or a more derived type). Notice the addition of the in and out keywords before each of the generic type placeholders.  As we saw last week, the in keyword is used to specify that a generic type can be contra-variant -- it can match the given type or a type that is less derived.  However, the out keyword, is used to specify that a generic type can be co-variant -- it can match the given type or a type that is more derived. On contra-variance, if you are saying you need an function that will accept a string, you can just as easily give it an function that accepts an object.  In other words, if you say “give me an function that will process dogs”, I could pass you a method that will process any animal, because all dogs are animals.  On the co-variance side, if you are saying you need a function that returns an object, you can just as easily pass it a function that returns a string because any string returned from the given method can be accepted by a delegate expecting an object result, since string is more derived.  Once again, in other words, if you say “give me a method that creates an animal”, I can pass you a method that will create a dog, because all dogs are animals. It really all makes sense, you can pass a more specific thing to a less specific parameter, and you can return a more specific thing as a less specific result.  In other words, pay attention to the direction the item travels (parameters go in, results come out).  Keeping that in mind, you can always pass more specific things in and return more specific things out. For example, in the code below, we have a method that takes a Func<object> to generate an object, but we can pass it a Func<string> because the return type of object can obviously accept a return value of string as well: 1: // since Func<object> is co-variant, this will access Func<string>, etc... 2: public static string Sequence(int count, Func<object> generator) 3: { 4: var builder = new StringBuilder(); 5:  6: for (int i=0; i<count; i++) 7: { 8: object value = generator(); 9: builder.Append(value); 10: } 11:  12: return builder.ToString(); 13: } Even though the method above takes a Func<object>, we can pass a Func<string> because the TResult type placeholder is co-variant and accepts types that are more derived as well: 1: // delegate that's typed to return string. 2: Func<string> stringGenerator = () => DateTime.Now.ToString(); 3:  4: // This will work in .NET 4.0, but not in previous versions 5: Sequence(100, stringGenerator); Previous versions of .NET implemented some forms of co-variance and contra-variance before, but .NET 4.0 goes one step further and allows you to pass or assign an Func<A, BResult> to a Func<Y, ZResult> as long as A is less derived (or same) as Y, and BResult is more derived (or same) as ZResult. Sidebar: The Func and the Predicate A method that takes one argument and returns a bool is generally thought of as a predicate.  Predicates are used to examine an item and determine whether that item satisfies a particular condition.  Predicates are typically unary, but you may also have binary and other predicates as well. Predicates are often used to filter results, such as in the LINQ Where() extension method: 1: var numbers = new[] { 1, 2, 4, 13, 8, 10, 27 }; 2:  3: // call Where() using a predicate which determines if the number is even 4: var evens = numbers.Where(num => num % 2 == 0); As of .NET 3.5, predicates are typically represented as Func<T, bool> where T is the type of the item to examine.  Previous to .NET 3.5, there was a Predicate<T> type that tended to be used (which we’ll discuss next week) and is still supported, but most developers recommend using Func<T, bool> now, as it prevents confusion with overloads that accept unary predicates and binary predicates, etc.: 1: // this seems more confusing as an overload set, because of Predicate vs Func 2: public static SomeMethod(Predicate<int> unaryPredicate) { } 3: public static SomeMethod(Func<int, int, bool> binaryPredicate) { } 4:  5: // this seems more consistent as an overload set, since just uses Func 6: public static SomeMethod(Func<int, bool> unaryPredicate) { } 7: public static SomeMethod(Func<int, int, bool> binaryPredicate) { } Also, even though Predicate<T> and Func<T, bool> match the same signatures, they are separate types!  Thus you cannot assign a Predicate<T> instance to a Func<T, bool> instance and vice versa: 1: // the same method, lambda expression, etc can be assigned to both 2: Predicate<int> isEven = i => (i % 2) == 0; 3: Func<int, bool> alsoIsEven = i => (i % 2) == 0; 4:  5: // but the delegate instances cannot be directly assigned, strongly typed! 6: // ERROR: cannot convert type... 7: isEven = alsoIsEven; 8:  9: // however, you can assign by wrapping in a new instance: 10: isEven = new Predicate<int>(alsoIsEven); 11: alsoIsEven = new Func<int, bool>(isEven); So, the general advice that seems to come from most developers is that Predicate<T> is still supported, but we should use Func<T, bool> for consistency in .NET 3.5 and above. Sidebar: Func as a Generator for Unit Testing One area of difficulty in unit testing can be unit testing code that is based on time of day.  We’d still want to unit test our code to make sure the logic is accurate, but we don’t want the results of our unit tests to be dependent on the time they are run. One way (of many) around this is to create an internal generator that will produce the “current” time of day.  This would default to returning result from DateTime.Now (or some other method), but we could inject specific times for our unit testing.  Generators are typically methods that return (generate) a value for use in a class/method. For example, say we are creating a CacheItem<T> class that represents an item in the cache, and we want to make sure the item shows as expired if the age is more than 30 seconds.  Such a class could look like: 1: // responsible for maintaining an item of type T in the cache 2: public sealed class CacheItem<T> 3: { 4: // helper method that returns the current time 5: private static Func<DateTime> _timeGenerator = () => DateTime.Now; 6:  7: // allows internal access to the time generator 8: internal static Func<DateTime> TimeGenerator 9: { 10: get { return _timeGenerator; } 11: set { _timeGenerator = value; } 12: } 13:  14: // time the item was cached 15: public DateTime CachedTime { get; private set; } 16:  17: // the item cached 18: public T Value { get; private set; } 19:  20: // item is expired if older than 30 seconds 21: public bool IsExpired 22: { 23: get { return _timeGenerator() - CachedTime > TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30.0); } 24: } 25:  26: // creates the new cached item, setting cached time to "current" time 27: public CacheItem(T value) 28: { 29: Value = value; 30: CachedTime = _timeGenerator(); 31: } 32: } Then, we can use this construct to unit test our CacheItem<T> without any time dependencies: 1: var baseTime = DateTime.Now; 2:  3: // start with current time stored above (so doesn't drift) 4: CacheItem<int>.TimeGenerator = () => baseTime; 5:  6: var target = new CacheItem<int>(13); 7:  8: // now add 15 seconds, should still be non-expired 9: CacheItem<int>.TimeGenerator = () => baseTime.AddSeconds(15); 10:  11: Assert.IsFalse(target.IsExpired); 12:  13: // now add 31 seconds, should now be expired 14: CacheItem<int>.TimeGenerator = () => baseTime.AddSeconds(31); 15:  16: Assert.IsTrue(target.IsExpired); Now we can unit test for 1 second before, 1 second after, 1 millisecond before, 1 day after, etc.  Func delegates can be a handy tool for this type of value generation to support more testable code.  Summary Generic delegates give us a lot of power to make truly generic algorithms and classes.  The Func family of delegates is a great way to be able to specify functions to calculate a result based on 0-16 arguments.  Stay tuned in the weeks that follow for other generic delegates in the .NET Framework!   Tweet Technorati Tags: .NET, C#, CSharp, Little Wonders, Generics, Func, Delegates

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  • Get to Know a Candidate (12 of 25): Andre Barnett&ndash;Reform Party

    - by Brian Lanham
    DISCLAIMER: This is not a post about “Romney” or “Obama”. This is not a post for whom I am voting. Information sourced for Wikipedia. Barnett is an American politician and entrepreneur. He is the founder of the information technology (IT) company WiseDome Inc.  Barnett was born in Zanesville, Ohio in 1976. He attended Austin Peay State University and Western Governors University.  A former member of the United States Armed Forces, Barnett served in Sarajevo before being wounded in a helicopter accident.  Following his military service, Barnett became a fitness model in New York. In 2001, he founded WiseDome Incorporated, an IT company that provides information technology and data recovery services. Reform Party of the United States of America (RPUSA), generally known as the Reform Party USA or the Reform Party, is a political party in the United States, founded in 1995 by Ross Perot. Perot said Americans were disillusioned with the state of politics—as being corrupt and unable to deal with vital issues—and desired a viable alternative to the Republican and Democratic Parties. The party has nominated different candidates over the years, such as founder Ross Perot, Pat Buchanan, and Ralph Nader. The party's most significant victory came when Jesse Ventura was elected governor of Minnesota in 1998. Since then, the party has been torn by infighting and disagreements, which it seeks to overcome. The Reform Party platform includes the following: * Maintaining a balanced budget, ensured by passing a Balanced Budget Amendment and changing budgeting practices, and paying down the federal debt * Campaign finance reform, including strict limits on campaign contributions and the outlawing of the Political action committee * Enforcement of existing immigration laws and opposition to illegal immigration * Opposition to free trade agreements like the North American Free Trade Agreement and Central America Free Trade Agreement, and a call for withdrawal from the World Trade Organization * Term limits on U.S. Representatives and Senators * Direct election of the United States President by popular vote * Federal elections held on weekends A noticeable absence from the Reform Party platform has been social issues, including abortion and gay rights. Reform Party representatives had long stated beliefs that their party could bring together people from both sides of these issues, which they consider divisive, to address what they considered to be more vital concerns as expressed in their platform. The idea was to form a large coalition of moderates; that intention was overridden in 2001 by the Buchanan takeover which rewrote the RPUSA Constitution to specifically include platform planks opposed to any form of abortion. The Buchananists, in turn, were overridden by the 2002 Convention which specifically reverted the Constitution to its 1996 version and the party's original stated goals. Barnett has Ballot Access in: FL Learn more about Andre Barnett and Reform Party on Wikipedia.

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  • Setting up UPS monitoring

    - by Andrew Heath
    I have acquired a second hand Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) that I have refurbished (new battery) and hope to use with my Ubuntu 12.10 system. It's a SOLA 330 with serial out. I have installed NUT Metapackage and NUT Monitor from Software Centre, but am not sure how to go about setting it all up. A Google search brings up several ways of configuring Network UPS Tools (NUT) or HAL-Drivers, however, HAL-Drivers appears to be obsolete and many commands and config files mentioned to edit do not exist in 12.10 or the current version of NUT (most articles are a few years old). One tutorial seemed to work except the Error: no UPS definitions found in ups.conf even though ups.conf has values in it as laid out in the tutorial. How do I go about setting my system to monitor the UPS for a shut down signal? Also, is there a command to determine the UPS is communicating through the serial connection and on what port (to help with setup and configuring, eg. /dev/ttyS0 is mentioned in one of the tutorials I read).

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  • Theoretically bug-free programs

    - by user2443423
    I have read lot of articles which state that code can't be bug-free, and they are talking about these theorems: Halting problem Gödel's incompleteness theorem Rice's theorem Actually Rice's theorem looks like an implication of the halting problem and the halting problem is in close relationship with Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Does this imply that every program will have at least one unintended behavior? Or does it mean that it's not possible to write code to verify it? What about recursive checking? Let's assume that I have two programs. Both of them have bugs, but they don't share the same bug. What will happen if I run them concurrently? And of course most of discussions talked about Turing machines. What about linear-bounded automation (real computers)?

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  • Why is concept art not signed by the author?

    - by Gerald
    I am a starting concept artist who would like to enter the gaming industry. I noticed that some AAA titles show their concept art with no artists signature (only a reference to game the game, such as for Star Wars The Old Republic: 2013 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BioWare, LucasArts). I asked myself a question, what possible harm could my autograph cause on the public concept art if I am not a well known concept artist such as Adam Adamowicz (who did concepts for Skyrim). Why would a prospective boss tells me not to leave my "finger print" on the picture despite, the fact that I am a very talented artist?

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  • Part 1: What are EBS Customizations?

    - by volker.eckardt(at)oracle.com
    Everything what is not shipped as Oracle standard may be called customization. And very often we differentiate between setup and customization, although setup can also be required when working with customizations.This highlights one of the first challenges, because someone needs to track setup brought over with customizations and this needs to be synchronized with the (standard) setup done manually. This is not only a tracking issue, but also a documentation issue. I will cover this in one of the following blogs in more detail.But back to the topic itself. Mainly our code pieces (java, pl/sql, sql, shell scripts), custom objects (tables, views, packages etc.) and application objects (concurrent programs, lookups, forms, reports, OAF pages etc.) are treated as customizations. In general we define two types: customization by extension and customization by modification. For sure we like to minimize standard code modifications, but sometimes it is just not possible to provide a certain functionality without doing it.Keep in mind that the EBS provides a number of alternatives for modifications, just to mention some:Files in file system    add your custom top before the standard top to the pathBI Publisher Report    add a custom layout and disable the standard layout, automatically yours will be taken.Form /OAF Change    use personalization or substitutionUsing such techniques you are on the safe site regarding standard patches, but for sure a retest is always required!Many customizations are growing over the time, initially it was just one file, but in between we have 5, 10 or 15 files in our customization pack. The more files you have, the more important is the installation order.Last but not least also personalization's are treated as customizations, although you may not use any deployment pack to transfer such personalisation's (but you can). For OAF personalization's you can use iSetup, I have also enabled iSetup to allow Forms personalizations to transport.Interfaces and conversion objects are quite often also categorized as customizations and I promote this decision. Your development standards are related to all these kinds of custom code whether we are exchanging data with users (via form or report) or with other systems (via inbound or outbound interface).To cover all these types of customizations two acronyms have been defined: RICE and CEMLI.RICE = Reports, Interfaces, Conversions, and ExtensionsCEMLI = Customization, Extension, Modification, Localization, IntegrationThe word CEMLI has been introduced by Oracle On Demand and is used within Oracle projects quite often, but also RICE is well known as acronym.It doesn't matter which acronym you are using, the main task here is to classify and categorize your customizations to allow everyone to understand when you talk about RICE- 211, CEMLI XXFI_BAST or XXOM_RPT_030.Side note: Such references are not automatically objects prefixes, but they are often used as such. I plan also to address this point in one other blog.Thank you!Volker

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  • Evaluating mean and std as simulations are added

    - by Luca Cerone
    I have simulations that evaluate a certain value X. I run the simulations several times and save the value of X in a vector V. When all the runs have finished I evaluate the mean and standard deviation for the vector V. This approach works, but implies saving all the values for X. As my computer is quite old and with limited ram, I was wondering if there is a way to update the mean value M and the standard deviation S, knowing the value of X at the (n+1)-th run, and the values of M and S after n runs. How can I update the mean value and the standard deviation as simulations are added to the set? Please note that this is just a conceptual example, I don't save only one number X but thousands at each simulations, so I really have problems running a big number of runs if I have to keep all the past values into the memory.

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  • How to include serious personal project in Resume?

    - by mob1lejunkie
    My brother has come up with an interesting business idea that could be commercialised. For over a month I have been creating the foundation for SaaS. I have been treating this as commercial project so designing using patterns and best practices. One of the reasons I want to include this in my Resume is my full time job doesn't involve current trendy ASP.Net technologies (e.g Linq/Entity Relationships, jQuery, ASP.Net MVC 3, Silverlight, etc) so the resume lacks impact. In my full time job I work on a 7 year old well designed product and since our data and web layers work well it would be stupid to re-engineer them only because recruiters think Linq, ASP.Net MVC and jQuery are cool. How can I include my personal project in Resume so that it doesn't sound like experiment or quick'n'dirty pet project? Many thanks.

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  • Displaying google analytics data on my website

    - by anon-user0
    I sale adspace for my websites directly to the advertisers. I ad page where I want to show google anaylytics information that update automatically without me having to manually update everyday or every month. Something like this: http://wstats.net/en/website/riverplate.com#stat_trafic I don't want to use embedded or iframed third party services. I know google has public API and you can connect it to google graph API to to show pretty graphs. There is a tutorial by google here on how to do it: https://developers.google.com/analytics/resources/articles/gdataAnalyticsCharts Few problems: I don't know much javascript The javascript seems to prompt for authntication as opposed to login automatically. (from my understanding by reading comments on the code) Does anyone know of any ready made script that does what I am looking for or know how I can fix this code that will allow me to display analytic info without authenticating? Thanks.

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  • VMWare Fusion Folder Sharing Not Working with Server

    - by Dave Long
    I have a Ubuntu Server running in VMWare Fusion 3.1.2 on my MacBook Pro for Java development and all my projects sit on my Mac in ~/Workspace/ColdFusion. I had ColdFusion/ shared with my VM through the VMWare tools, and it was working perfectly up until friday when the folder sharing just stopped. No updates on either mac or linux besides an iTunes update. I tried uninstalling the VMWare tools and reinstalling them but I get an error at the end of the install. It appears that when I reinstall the tools there are files left over from the old installation. Is there a way to force the unsinstall script to completely uninstall and remove all files for the VMWare-Tools? I know the shared folder used to mount at /mnt/hgfs/ColdFusion.

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  • Playing a Song causing WP7 to crash on phone, but not on emulator

    - by Michael Zehnich
    Hi there, I am trying to implement a song into a game that begins playing and continually loops on Windows Phone 7 via XNA 4.0. On the emulator, this works fine, however when deployed to a phone, it simply gives a black screen before going back to the home screen. Here is the rogue code in question, and commenting this code out makes the app run fine on the phone: // in the constructor fields private Song song; // in the LoadContent() method song = Content.Load<Song>("song"); // in the Update() method if (MediaPlayer.GameHasControl && MediaPlayer.State != MediaState.Playing) { MediaPlayer.Play(song); } The song file itself is a 2:53 long, 2.28mb .wma file at 106kbps bitrate. Again this works perfectly on emulator but does not run at all on phone. Thanks for any help you can provide!

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  • shader3 not enabled error in Eve Online Crucible

    - by Matt Vercoe
    I'm a complete noob at this, and have been trying everything to run Eve Online within Ubuntu 11.10. I have installed through Winetricks no problem, and have enabled the virtual windows desktop within Winetricks. My problem is that after the splash screen for Eve, I get an error message telling me that shader 3 is not enabled. I have an old GEForce 7300LE, but it does support shader 3. I have also tried a few different drivers with no luck. I have tried looking within the NVidia X setting, but can't find anything. Running Eve on Windows 7 is the only reason I'm still using windows, so any help to run it on Ubuntu would be very appreciated, as I'm pulling my hair out trying to figure out something which should be simple.

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  • We're Back: I'm Here

    - by [email protected]
    After a busy Fall and Winter post-Oracle OpenWorld 2009 Oracle's Application Strategy Blog is back. More on what we've been up to shortly. Me, I'm blogging here for the first time. After nearly 6 years at Oracle working on the Oracle Fusion Middleware business I've recently joined the Oracle Applications team. For me, what's old is new again. Prior to working on applications infrastructure at Oracle...and at BEA Systems before that...I worked at PeopleSoft in a number of roles spanning Enterprise Performance Management, Supply Chain, Public Sector and Financial Services and more. Some of the acronyms are the same, there are (of course) some new ones too. But what I'm really excited about is the intersection of Enterprise Applications and Applications Infrastructure that's happening right now. "Aligning IT with Business Strategy" has been the buzzphrase for longer than we can all remember---but what I've seen over the past 5 months makes me start to believe that it's finally starting to happen.

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  • Beware of const members

    - by nmarun
    I happened to learn a new thing about const today and how one needs to be careful with its usage. Let’s say I have a third-party assembly ‘ConstVsReadonlyLib’ with a class named ConstSideEffect.cs: 1: public class ConstSideEffect 2: { 3: public static readonly int StartValue = 10; 4: public const int EndValue = 20; 5: } In my project, I reference the above assembly as follows: 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: for (int i = ConstSideEffect.StartValue; i < ConstSideEffect.EndValue; i++) 4: { 5: Console.WriteLine(i); 6: } 7: Console.ReadLine(); 8: } You’ll see values 10 through 19 as expected. Now, let’s say I receive a new version of the ConstVsReadonlyLib. 1: public class ConstSideEffect 2: { 3: public static readonly int StartValue = 5; 4: public const int EndValue = 30; 5: } If I just drop this new assembly in the bin folder and run the application, without rebuilding my console application, my thinking was that the output would be from 5 to 29. Of course I was wrong… if not you’d not be reading this blog. The actual output is from 5 through 19. The reason is due to the behavior of const and readonly members. To begin with, const is the compile-time constant and readonly is a runtime constant. Next, when you compile the code, a compile-time constant member is replaced with the value of the constant in the code. But, the IL generated when you reference a read-only constant, references the readonly variable, not its value. So, the IL version of the Main method, after compilation actually looks something like: 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: for (int i = ConstSideEffect.StartValue; i < 20; i++) 4: { 5: Console.WriteLine(i); 6: } 7: Console.ReadLine(); 8: } I’m no expert with this IL thingi, but when I look at the disassembled code of the exe file (using IL Disassembler), I see the following: I see our readonly member still being referenced by the variable name (ConstVsReadonlyLib.ConstSideEffect::StartValue) in line 0001. Then there’s the Console.WriteLine in line 000b and finally, see the value of 20 in line 0017. This, I’m pretty sure is our const member being replaced by its value which marks the upper bound of the ‘for’ loop. Now you know why the output was from 5 through 19. This definitely is a side-effect of having const members and one needs to be aware of it. While we’re here, I’d like to add a few other points about const and readonly members: const is slightly faster, but is less flexible readonly cannot be declared within a method scope const can be used only on primitive types (numbers and strings) Just wanted to share this before going to bed!

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  • Multi database link and mix and match email alert

    - by menardmam
    I have a site which is a large database of people that have different knowledge in different domains, such as teaching (maths, french, science etc...) On the site there is a page where you can search people base on different request, such as distance from home, grade, sex. Now, I would like to add a page where people that are looking for mentor will fill a request, and when a tutor in his area of search will match request, a email will be send to this researcher. Because I know for sure, that when in January you look for a math teacher for your 10 year old son, and you find none, you won't go again in February, March... and on and on just to see. Maybe there is one now, you want to be informed when the tutor will get into database automatically (more or less like www.jobboom.com) So the question is, what CMS do I need to be able to do that ? Wordpress, drupal or something custom made?

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  • What should be the minimal design/scope documentation before development begins?

    - by Oliver Hyde
    I am a junior developer working on my own in the programming aspect of projects. I am given a png file with 5-6 of the pages designed, most times in specific detail. From this I'm asked to develop the back end system needed to maintain the website, usually a cataloging system with products, tags and categories and match the front end to the design. I find myself in a pickle because when I make decisions based on assumptions about the flow of the website, due to a lack of outlining details, I get corrected and am required to rewrite the code to suit what was actually desired. This process happens multiple times throughout a project, often times on the same detail, until it's finally finished, with broken windows all through it. I understand that projects have scope creep, and can appreciate that I need to plan for this, but I feel that in this situation, I'm not receiving enough outlining details to effectively plan for the project, resulting in broken code and a stressed mind. What should be the minimal design/scope documentation I receive before I begin development?

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  • Geometry Shader input vertices order

    - by NPS
    MSDN specifies (link) that when using triangleadj type of input to the GS, it should provide me with 6 vertices in specific order: 1st vertex of the triangle processed, vertex of an adjacent triangle, 2nd vertex of the triangle processed, another vertex of an adjacent triangle and so on... So if I wanted to create a pass-through shader (i.e. output the same triangle I got on input and nothing else) I should return vertices 0, 2 and 4. Is that correct? Well, apparently it isn't because I did just that and when I ran my app the vertices were flickering (like changing positions/disappearing/showing again or sth like that). But when I instead output vertices 0, 1 and 2 the app rendered the mesh correctly. I could provide some code but it seems like the problem is in the input vertices order, not the code itself. So what order do input vertices to the GS come in?

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  • Wifi works but doesn't start automatically on ubuntu 11.10

    - by Nikita Kononov
    Good evening everyone, I have got an issue which I hope you will help me to solve. I was trying to update my Kernel in ubuntu from this web-site http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.2-rc4-oneiric/ And everything went smooth. But, for some reason, my wifi doesn't work in new Kernel so I decided to switch back to my old one 3.0.0-17 generic and to my surprise WIFI doesn't start automatically eventhou it was working. What I mean is that I have to click on wifi icon and put a mark Enable Wireless. This is not a really serious issue but I don't like switch on everytime at log in my WIFI because before that it was working when system started. What is the cause of this and how to fix it. Thank you very much for you help.

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  • Benefits and features of different requirements-management systems and tools available?

    - by DevDevDave
    I am looking for a good comparision of different available professional requirement management tools. I am especially interested in the the features available within the different software solutions. Additionally to the "obvious" features I am looking for a proffesional Requirement Management System that supports for: multi-lingual customizable generation of documentation & history (graphs) search features (e.g. fulltext for comments), ordering, priorities version history bi-directional traceability of changes, artefacts, requirements, changes in requirements, etc. Any kind of integration of V-Model XT would be a really-nice-to-have-feature. Besides, I'd like to hear any personal motivated recommendations and/or experiences with different requirement management systems. Any input is highly appreciated. Content consulted: similar question reqm tool with v-model ToolsJournal.com nice, but too old paper (pdf)

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  • Do AdWords conversions only track AdWords visitors?

    - by atticae
    I have set up an AdWords conversion and put the conversion tracking JS code on a test page. However, I don't see any conversions tracked when I visit it. Does the AdWords conversion tracking only register your conversion if you come to the site by clicking on an AdWords campaign? Google's help page advises me to test the code by clicking a campaign. However, I would like to use the tracking to track all conversions, not just AdWords. I considered using Analytics as well, but it seems you can only track via url there, not JS, which would mean I had to restructure a part of my page. (Because currently a conversion appears does not necessarily happen on a different URL.) Is AdWords tracking not a viable solution to track all visitor conversions on my site?

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  • Where's Randall Hyde?

    - by user1124893
    This probably doesn't belong here, but I couldn't think of any other StackExchange site that would fit it. Quick question, what ever happened to Randall Hyde, author of The Art of Assembly, HLA, and other works? I ask this because I was just exploring some of the content on his website and a lot of it is now gone. His website was hosted on Apple's MobileMe. As of the writing of this question, Apple has closed off all MobileMe content a few days ago. Correct me if I'm wrong, but didn't Apple warn of this a year in advance? If so, then where's Randall Hyde? Come to think of it, all of the content on his website that I have seen is several years old. A lot of it is rather useful but unfinished.

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  • Benefits and features of different requirements-management systems and tools available?

    - by Gnark
    I am looking for a good comparision of different available professionial requirement managment tools. I am especially interested in the the features available within the different software solutions. Additionally to the "obvious" features I am looking for a proffesional Requirement Management System that supports for: multi-lingual customizable generation of documentation & history (graphs) search features (e.g. fulltext for comments), ordering, priorities version history bi-directional traceability of changes, artefacts, requirements, changes in requirements, etc. Any kind of integration of V-Model XT would be a really-nice-to-have-feature... Besides, I'd like to hear any personal motivated recommendations and/or experiences with different requirement management systems. Any input is highly appreciated. content consulted : similar question reqm tool with v-model nice, but too old paper (pdf) Tools Journal

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  • How can I force X to start in a computer without a monitor?

    - by Javier Rivera
    I have I computer that have no monitor attached. When I boot it X fails to start because there is no monitor detected. If I boot it with a monitor attached and after X is started I remove the monitor everything works fine. Details and Background: This computer is a kind of hardware consolidation server. It's only purpose is to run two Virtual Box VM's that run Windows XP and some important but seldom used (once or twice a month) programs. For a couple of time it has been lying in a corner with an old monitor attached to it and working great. But space in the office was getting scarce and I moved the computer to the server room. There is no monitor attached to it there (no space), and sometimes the computer is rebooted. When it boots without monitor X is not started, the vms don't start and I get called to solve the problem.

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  • Windows Phone 7 Development &ndash; Useful Links

    - by David Turner
    Here are some excellent links for anyone developing for Windows Phone 7: J.D. Meier’s Windows Phone Developer Guidance Map – this is immense.  Also check out the Silverlight version Justin Angel’s site – some really great articles on unlocked roms, automation and Continuous Integration Windows Phone 7 Development Best Practices Wiki Jeff Blankenburg’s 31 days of Windows Phone 7 This post of Links to sample code for Windows Phone Tim Heuers blog, particularly this post of Tips and Tricks Kevin Marshall's blog, particularly the epic WP7 Development Tips Part 1 post Code Samples for Windows Phone on MSDN If you have unlocked your phone for development, then you can use the WPConnect tool to connect to the device rather than using the Zune client.  I found it useful to pin a shortcut to WPConnect in my Start Menu. The Performance Counters displayed when you debug your app on a device are useful for seeing things like frame rate and memory usage, this page on MSDN explains what the numbers mean.  Jeff Blankenburg covers this in more details on his blog I also came across this set of links to tutorials recently which looks very useful. Creating Windows Phone 7 Application and Marketplace Icons: http://expression.microsoft.com/en-us/gg317447.aspx

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  • XNA: Networking gone totally out of sync

    - by MesserChups
    I'm creating a multiplayer interface for a game in 2D some of my friends made, and I'm stuck with a huge latency or sync problem. I started by adapting my game to the msdn xna network tutorial and right now when I join a SystemLink network session (1 host on PC and 1 client on Xbox) I can move two players, everything is ok, but few minutes later the two machines start being totally out of synchronization. When I move one player it takes 10 or 20 seconds (increasing with TIME) to take effect on the second machine. I've tried to : Create a thread which calls NetworkSession.Update() continuously as suggested on this forum, didn't worked. Call the Send() method one frame on 10, and the receive() method at each frame, didn't worked either. I've cleaned my code, flushed all buffers at each call and switched the host and client but the problem still remain... I hope you have a solution because I'm running out of ideas... Thanks SendPackets() code : protected override void SendPackets() { if ((NetworkSessionState)m_networkSession.SessionState == NetworkSessionState.Playing) //Only while playing { //Write in the packet manager m_packetWriter.Write(m_packetManager.PacketToSend.ToArray(), 0, (int)m_packetManager.PacketToSend.Position); m_packetManager.ResetPacket(); //flush //Sends the packets to all remote gamers foreach (NetworkGamer l_netGamer in m_networkSession.RemoteGamers) { if (m_packetWriter.Length != 0) { FirstLocalNetGamer.SendData(m_packetWriter, SendDataOptions.None, l_netGamer); } } m_packetWriter.Flush();//m m_packetWriter.Seek(0, 0); } } ReceivePackets() code : public override void ReceivePackets() { base.ReceivePackets(); if ((NetworkSessionState)m_networkSession.SessionState == NetworkSessionState.Playing) //Only while playing { if (m_networkSession.LocalGamers.Count > 0) //Verify that there's at least one local gamer { foreach (LocalNetworkGamer l_localGamer in m_networkSession.LocalGamers) { //every LocalNetworkGamer must read to flush their stream // Keep reading while packets are available. NetworkGamer l_oldSender = null; while (l_localGamer.IsDataAvailable) { // Read a single packet, even if we are the host, we must read to clear the queue NetworkGamer l_newSender; l_localGamer.ReceiveData(m_packetReader, out l_newSender); if (l_newSender != l_oldSender) { if ((!l_newSender.IsLocal) && (l_localGamer == FirstLocalNetGamer)) { //Parsing PacketReader to MemoryStream m_packetManager.Receive(new MemoryStream(m_packetReader.ReadBytes(m_packetReader.Length))); } } l_oldSender = l_newSender; m_packetReader.BaseStream.Flush(); m_packetReader.BaseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); } } m_packetManager.ParsePackets(); } } }

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