Search Results

Search found 1689 results on 68 pages for 'pan student'.

Page 9/68 | < Previous Page | 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16  | Next Page >

  • ndarray field names for both row and column?

    - by Graham Mitchell
    I'm a computer science teacher trying to create a little gradebook for myself using NumPy. But I think it would make my code easier to write if I could create an ndarray that uses field names for both the rows and columns. Here's what I've got so far: import numpy as np num_stud = 23 num_assign = 2 grades = np.zeros(num_stud, dtype=[('assign 1','i2'), ('assign 2','i2')]) #etc gv = grades.view(dtype='i2').reshape(num_stud,num_assign) So, if my first student gets a 97 on 'assign 1', I can write either of: grades[0]['assign 1'] = 97 gv[0][0] = 97 Also, I can do the following: np.mean( grades['assign 1'] ) # class average for assignment 1 np.sum( gv[0] ) # total points for student 1 This all works. But what I can't figure out how to do is use a student id number to refer to a particular student (assume that two of my students have student ids as shown): grades['123456']['assign 2'] = 95 grades['314159']['assign 2'] = 83 ...or maybe create a second view with the different field names? np.sum( gview2['314159'] ) # total points for the student with the given id I know that I could create a dict mapping student ids to indices, but that seems fragile and crufty, and I'm hoping there's a better way than: id2i = { '123456': 0, '314159': 1 } np.sum( gv[ id2i['314159'] ] ) I'm also willing to re-architect things if there's a cleaner design. I'm new to NumPy, and I haven't written much code yet, so starting over isn't out of the question if I'm Doing It Wrong. I am going to be needing to sum all the assignment points for over a hundred students once a day, as well as run standard deviations and other stats. Plus, I'll be waiting on the results, so I'd like it to run in only a couple of seconds. Thanks in advance for any suggestions.

    Read the article

  • 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get' error using SQLAlchemy

    - by Az
    I've been trying to map an object to a database using SQLAlchemy but have run into a snag. Version info if handy: [OS: Mac OSX 10.5.8 | Python: 2.6.4 | SQLAlchemy: 0.5.8] The class I'm going to map: class Student(object): def __init__(self, name, id): self.id = id self.name = name self.preferences = collections.defaultdict(set) self.allocated_project = None self.allocated_rank = 0 def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "%s %s" %(self.id, self.name) Background: Now, I've got a function that reads in the necessary information from a text database into these objects. The function more or less works and I can easily access the information from the objects. Before the SQLAlchemy code runs, the function will read in the necessary info and store it into the Class. There is a dictionary called students which stores this as such: students = {} students[id] = Student(<all the info from the various "reader" functions>) Afterwards, there is an "allocation" algorithm that will allocate projects to student. It does that well enough. The allocated_project remains as None if a student is unsuccessful in getting a project. SQLAlchemy bit: So after all this happens, I'd like to map my object to a database table. Using the documentation, I've used the following code to only map certain bits. I also begin to create a Session. from sqlalchemy import * from sqlalchemy.orm import * engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() students_table = Table('studs', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Student, students_table) Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) sesh = Session() Now after that, I was curious to see if I could print out all the students from my students dictionary. for student in students.itervalues(): print student What do I get but an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "~/FYP_Tests/FYP_Tests.py", line 140, in <module> print student File "/~FYP_Tests/Parties.py", line 30, in __str__ return "%s %s" %(self.id, self.name) File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.5.8-py2.6.egg/sqlalchemy/orm/attributes.py", line 158, in __get__ return self.impl.get(instance_state(instance), instance_dict(instance)) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get' I'm at a loss as to how to resolve this issue, if it is an issue. If more information is required, please ask and I will provide it.

    Read the article

  • Many to Many Logic in ASP.NET MVC

    - by Jonathan Stowell
    Hi All, I will restrict this to the three tables I am trying to work with Problem, Communications, and ProbComms. The scenario is that a Student may have many Problems concurrently which may affect their studies. Lecturers may have future communications with a student after an initial problem is logged, however as a Student may have multiple Problems the Lecturer may decide that the discussion they had is related to more than one Problem. Here is a screenshot of the LINQ representation of my DB: LINQ Screenshot At the moment in my StudentController I have a StudentFormViewModel Class: // //ViewModel Class public class StudentFormViewModel { IProbCommRepository probCommRepository; // Properties public Student Student { get; private set; } public IEnumerable<ProbComm> ProbComm { get; private set; } // // Dependency Injection enabled constructors public StudentFormViewModel(Student student, IEnumerable<ProbComm> probComm) : this(new ProbCommRepository()) { this.Student = student; this.ProbComm = probComm; } public StudentFormViewModel(IProbCommRepository pRepository) { probCommRepository = pRepository; } } When I go to the Students Detail Page this runs: public ActionResult Details(string id) { StudentFormViewModel viewdata = new StudentFormViewModel(studentRepository.GetStudent(id), probCommRepository.FindAllProblemComms(id)); if (viewdata == null) return View("NotFound"); else return View(viewdata); } The GetStudent works fine and returns an instance of the student to output on the page, below the student I output all problems logged against them, but underneath these problems I want to show the communications related to the Problem. The LINQ I am using for ProbComms is This is located in the Model class ProbCommRepository, and accessed via a IProbCommRepository interface: public IQueryable<ProbComm> FindAllProblemComms(string studentEmail) { return (from p in db.ProbComms where p.Problem.StudentEmail.Equals(studentEmail) orderby p.Problem.ProblemDateTime select p); } However for example if I have this data in the ProbComms table: ProblemID CommunicationID 1 1 1 2 The query returns two rows so I assume I somehow have to groupby Problem or ProblemID but I am not too sure how to do this with the way I have built things as the return type has to be ProbComm for the query as thats what Model class its located in. When it comes to the view the Details.aspx calls two partial views each passing the relevant view data through, StudentDetails works fine page: <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MitigatingCircumstances.Controllers.StudentFormViewModel>" %> <% Html.RenderPartial("StudentDetails", this.ViewData.Model.Student); %> <% Html.RenderPartial("StudentProblems", this.ViewData.Model.ProbComm); %> StudentProblems uses a foreach loop to loop through records in the Model and I am trying another foreach loop to output the communication details: <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<IEnumerable<MitigatingCircumstances.Models.ProbComm>>" %> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("DIV.ContainerPanel > DIV.collapsePanelHeader > DIV.ArrowExpand").toggle( function() { $(this).parent().next("div.Content").show("slow"); $(this).attr("class", "ArrowClose"); }, function() { $(this).parent().next("div.Content").hide("slow"); $(this).attr("class", "ArrowExpand"); }); }); </script> <div class="studentProblems"> <% var i = 0; foreach (var item in Model) { %> <div id="ContainerPanel<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="ContainerPanel"> <div id="header<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="collapsePanelHeader"> <div id="dvHeaderText<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="HeaderContent"><%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:dd/MM/yyyy}", item.Problem.ProblemDateTime))%></div> <div id="dvArrow<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="ArrowExpand"></div> </div> <div id="dvContent<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="Content" style="display: none"> <p> Type: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.CommunicationType.TypeName) %> </p> <p> Problem Outline: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.ProblemOutline)%> </p> <p> Mitigating Circumstance Form: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.MCF)%> </p> <p> Mitigating Circumstance Level: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.MitigatingCircumstanceLevel.MCLevel)%> </p> <p> Absent From: <%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.Problem.AbsentFrom))%> </p> <p> Absent Until: <%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.Problem.AbsentUntil))%> </p> <p> Requested Follow Up: <%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.Problem.RequestedFollowUp))%> </p> <p>Problem Communications</p> <% foreach (var comm in Model) { %> <p> <% if (item.Problem.ProblemID == comm.ProblemID) { %> <%= Html.Encode(comm.ProblemCommunication.CommunicationOutline)%> <% } %> </p> <% } %> </div> </div> <br /> <% } %> </div> The issue is that using the example data before the Model has two records for the same problem as there are two communications for that problem, therefore duplicating the output. Any help with this would be gratefully appreciated. Thanks, Jon

    Read the article

  • Many to Many with LINQ-To-Sql and ASP.NET MVC

    - by Jonathan Stowell
    Hi All, I will restrict this to the three tables I am trying to work with Problem, Communications, and ProbComms. The scenario is that a Student may have many Problems concurrently which may affect their studies. Lecturers may have future communications with a student after an initial problem is logged, however as a Student may have multiple Problems the Lecturer may decide that the discussion they had is related to more than one Problem. Here is a screenshot of the LINQ-To-Sql representation of my DB: LINQ-To-Sql Screenshot At the moment in my StudentController I have a StudentFormViewModel Class: // //ViewModel Class public class StudentFormViewModel { IProbCommRepository probCommRepository; // Properties public Student Student { get; private set; } public IEnumerable<ProbComm> ProbComm { get; private set; } // // Dependency Injection enabled constructors public StudentFormViewModel(Student student, IEnumerable<ProbComm> probComm) : this(new ProbCommRepository()) { this.Student = student; this.ProbComm = probComm; } public StudentFormViewModel(IProbCommRepository pRepository) { probCommRepository = pRepository; } } When I go to the Students Detail Page this runs: public ActionResult Details(string id) { StudentFormViewModel viewdata = new StudentFormViewModel(studentRepository.GetStudent(id), probCommRepository.FindAllProblemComms(id)); if (viewdata == null) return View("NotFound"); else return View(viewdata); } The GetStudent works fine and returns an instance of the student to output on the page, below the student I output all problems logged against them, but underneath these problems I want to show the communications related to the Problem. The LINQ I am using for ProbComms is This is located in the Model class ProbCommRepository, and accessed via a IProbCommRepository interface: public IQueryable<ProbComm> FindAllProblemComms(string studentEmail) { return (from p in db.ProbComms where p.Problem.StudentEmail.Equals(studentEmail) orderby p.Problem.ProblemDateTime select p); } However for example if I have this data in the ProbComms table: ProblemID CommunicationID 1 1 1 2 The query returns two rows so I assume I somehow have to groupby Problem or ProblemID but I am not too sure how to do this with the way I have built things as the return type has to be ProbComm for the query as thats what Model class its located in. When it comes to the view the Details.aspx calls two partial views each passing the relevant view data through, StudentDetails works fine page: <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MitigatingCircumstances.Controllers.StudentFormViewModel>" %> <% Html.RenderPartial("StudentDetails", this.ViewData.Model.Student); %> <% Html.RenderPartial("StudentProblems", this.ViewData.Model.ProbComm); %> StudentProblems uses a foreach loop to loop through records in the Model and I am trying another foreach loop to output the communication details: <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<IEnumerable<MitigatingCircumstances.Models.ProbComm>>" %> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("DIV.ContainerPanel > DIV.collapsePanelHeader > DIV.ArrowExpand").toggle( function() { $(this).parent().next("div.Content").show("slow"); $(this).attr("class", "ArrowClose"); }, function() { $(this).parent().next("div.Content").hide("slow"); $(this).attr("class", "ArrowExpand"); }); }); </script> <div class="studentProblems"> <% var i = 0; foreach (var item in Model) { %> <div id="ContainerPanel<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="ContainerPanel"> <div id="header<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="collapsePanelHeader"> <div id="dvHeaderText<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="HeaderContent"><%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:dd/MM/yyyy}", item.Problem.ProblemDateTime))%></div> <div id="dvArrow<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="ArrowExpand"></div> </div> <div id="dvContent<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="Content" style="display: none"> <p> Type: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.CommunicationType.TypeName) %> </p> <p> Problem Outline: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.ProblemOutline)%> </p> <p> Mitigating Circumstance Form: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.MCF)%> </p> <p> Mitigating Circumstance Level: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.MitigatingCircumstanceLevel.MCLevel)%> </p> <p> Absent From: <%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.Problem.AbsentFrom))%> </p> <p> Absent Until: <%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.Problem.AbsentUntil))%> </p> <p> Requested Follow Up: <%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.Problem.RequestedFollowUp))%> </p> <p>Problem Communications</p> <% foreach (var comm in Model) { %> <p> <% if (item.Problem.ProblemID == comm.ProblemID) { %> <%= Html.Encode(comm.ProblemCommunication.CommunicationOutline)%> <% } %> </p> <% } %> </div> </div> <br /> <% } %> </div> The issue is that using the example data before the Model has two records for the same problem as there are two communications for that problem, therefore duplicating the output. Any help with this would be gratefully appreciated. Thanks, Jon

    Read the article

  • Object declaration in Objective-C

    - by Sahat
    Is there any difference in declaring objects in Objective-C between (1) and (2), besides the style and personal preference? (1) One-line declaration, allocation, initialization. Student *myStudent = [[Student alloc] init]; (2) Multi-line declaration, allocation, initialization. Student *myStudent; myStudent = [Student alloc]; myStudent = [myStudent init];

    Read the article

  • How can you calculate the X/Y coordinate to zoom to

    - by Mark
    Im writing a WPF application that has a zoom and pan ability, but what I want to also implement is the ability to zoom and pan "automatically" (via a button click). I have the methods all defined to zoom and pan, but Im having trouble telling the app the desired X/Y coordinates for the panning. Basically, I know that I want the control to be centered at a desired zoom level (say zoomed in 6X times), but the panning destination point is NOT the center point of the control because after the zooming, its been scaled. Does anyone know a way of calculating the desired X/Y position to pan to, taking into account the zooming as well? Do I just scale the desired destination Point? It doesnt seem to work for me... Thanks a lot

    Read the article

  • Using AVG() in Oracle SQL

    - by Viet Anh
    I have a table named Student as followed: CREATE TABLE "STUDENT" ( "ID" NUMBER(*,0), "NAME" VARCHAR2(20), "AGE" NUMBER(*,0), "CITY" VARCHAR2(20), PRIMARY KEY ("ID") ENABLE ) I am trying to get all the records of the students having a larger age than the average age. This is what I tried: SELECT * FROM student WHERE age > AVG(age) and SELECT * FROM student HAVING age > AVG(age) Both ways did not work!

    Read the article

  • Ruby on Rails activerecord find average in one sql and Will_Paginate

    - by Darkerstar
    Hi all I have the following model association: a student model and has_many scores. I need to make a list showing their names and average, min, max scores. So far I am using student.scores.average(:score) on each student, and I realise that it is doing one sql per student. How can I make the list with one joined sql? Also how would I use that with Will_Paginate plugin? Thank you

    Read the article

  • is it possible to store structure in Text file using c#

    - by ratty
    i like store the structure in to the Text file and also retrive the same. i created a structure name student details consists the values studentid,student name,student avg.i like to store this structure details in Textfile for many students.after that i like to reteive that details from Textfile using student id.i am working in wondows form application.is it possible in c#.

    Read the article

  • Using a Hash table

    - by Maria Attard
    I have 2 lists in my program one that store objects of type student and another one which stores objects of type marks. I have 3 methods one that inputs the details of the students, one that inputs the marks and one to view student details and their marks. My question is how I can use a hash table to get the Id of a student and then use it to input the marks and then how to retrieve both the student details and their marks altogether. Please help me if you can.

    Read the article

  • Basic Java question?

    - by LAT
    Hi I am quite new to programming, i have a question please help me. ( this question is java question but i can't remember the syntax but what i write here is mostly it.) A class Person speaks i am a person A class Student speaks i am a student Student extends from Person Person p = new Student then what is p speaking then?

    Read the article

  • interactive sessions through web page

    - by Pan Chai
    Is it possible to use HTML form to start an executable in the server, and allow user to input further information into the same executable? from a web form, input executable name with one parameter missing. the executable starts, and post question for the missing parameter. user enter the value for the missing parameter, the information get passed to the executable. the executable continue its execution. Thank you, Pan

    Read the article

  • Unit Testing & Fake Repository implementation with cascading CRUD operations

    - by Erik Ashepa
    Hi, i'm having trouble writing integration tests which use a fake repository, For example : Suppose I have a classroom entity, which aggregates students... var classroom = new Classroom(); classroom.Students.Add(new Student("Adam")); _fakeRepository.Save(classroom); _fakeRepostiory.GetAll<Student>().Where((student) => student.Name == "Adam")); // This query will return null... When using my real implementation for repository (NHibernate based), the above code works (because the save operation would cascade to the student added at the previous line), Do you know of any fake repository implementation which support this behaviour? Ideas on how to implement one myself? Or do you have any other suggestions which could help me avoid this issue? Thanks in advance, Erik.

    Read the article

  • Accessing the relationship of a relationship with Entity Framework

    - by J. Pablo Fernández
    I the School class I have this code: from student in this.Students where student.Teacher.Id == id select student The Student class there are two relationships: Teacher and School. In the School class I'm trying to find out all the students whose Teacher has a given id. The problem is that I get System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. in the statement student.Teacher.Id I thought of doing this.Students.Include("Teacher"), but this.Students doesn't have such a method. Any ideas how can I perform that query?

    Read the article

  • NHibernate Query object collection issue

    - by Mahesh
    Hi, I am new to NHibernate and need some information regarding the internal working of the engine: I have a table called Student and the design is as follows: RollNo Name City Postcode and there are 5 more columns like this. I have School class and mappings associated with it. I am querying RollNo and Name using session as given below: IQuery query = session.CreateQuery("SELECT RollNo,Name FROM Student); Executing query.List resulting in error because the query is returning object[][]. Now, I changed the query as given below: IQuery query = session.CreateQuery("FROM Student); Executing query.List on this query yeilds the desired results. But, the results contain more data than I want. Could you please let me know the query to which I can get RollNo and Name from Student and castable as Student collection. Thanks, Mahesh

    Read the article

  • Accessing variables of an object of a particular class through a different class within the construc

    - by Haxed
    class Student { private String name; public Student(String name){ this.name = name; } public String getName(){ return name; } } class StudentServer { public StudentServer(){ Student[] s = new Student[30]; s[0] = new Student("Nick"); System.out.println(s[0]); // LINE 01:But this compiles, although prints junk System.out.println(s[0].getName()); // LINE 02:I get a error called cannot find symbol } public static void main(){ new StudentServer(); } } Hey, there are two lines, I want the reader to focus on, the first line prints junk as usual, but suprizingly the second one gives me an error. Do you know why ? Many Thanks

    Read the article

  • sql select with exact outcome

    - by Shiro
    Asking a simple question, just want everyone have fun to solve it. I got 2 tables. 1. Student 2. Course Student +----+--------+ | id | name | +----+--------+ | 1 | User1 | | 2 | User2 | +----+--------+ Course +----+------------+------------+ | id | student_id | course_name| +----+------------+------------+ | 1 | 1 | English | | 2 | 1 | Chinese | | 3 | 2 | English | | 4 | 2 | Japanese | +----+------------+------------+ I would like to get the result all student, who have taken English and Chinese, NOT English or Chinese. Expected result: +----+------------+------------+ | id | student_id | course_name| +----+------------+------------+ | 1 | 1 | English | | 2 | 1 | Chinese | +----+------------+------------+ What we normally do is select * from student join course on (student.id = course.student_id) WHERE course_name = 'English' OR course_name = 'Chinese' but in this result I can get User2 record which is not my expected result. I want the record only display the User take the course English+Chinese only.

    Read the article

  • How to copy value from class X to class Y with the same property name in c#?

    - by Samnang
    Suppose I have two classes: public class Student { public int Id {get; set;} public string Name {get; set;} public IList<Course> Courses{ get; set;} } public class StudentDTO { public int Id {get; set;} public string Name {get; set;} public IList<CourseDTO> Courses{ get; set;} } I would like to copy value from Student class to StudentDTO class: var student = new Student(); StudentDTO studentDTO = student; How can I do that by reflection or other solution?

    Read the article

  • rails: undefined method and form_tags

    - by SuperString
    I have this in courses.html.erb under app/views/students <% if @student.courses.count < Course.count then%> <% form_tag(course_add_student_path(@student)) do%> <%= select_tag(:course, options_from_collection_for_select(@student.unenrolled_courses, :id, :name))%> <%= submit_tag 'Enroll'%> <%end%> <%else%> <p><%=h @student.name%> is enrolled in every course. </p> <%end%> I have this in my students_controller.rb under app/controllers: def course_add @student = Student.find(params[:id]) @course = Course.find(params[:course]) unless @student.enrolled_in?(@course) @student.coursess << @course flash[:notice] = 'course added' else flash[:error] = 'course already enrolled' end redirect_to :action => courses, :id => @student end And in my routes.rb, I have: resources :students, :has_many => [:awards], :member => {:courses => :get, :course_add => :post, :course_remove => :post} However, I am getting this error: undefined method `course_add_student_path' for #<#<Class:0x105321d78>:0x1053200e0> What am I missing here? Rake routes output: students GET /students(.:format) {:action=>"index", :controller=>"students"} POST /students(.:format) {:action=>"create", :controller=>"students"} new_student GET /students/new(.:format) {:action=>"new", :controller=>"students"} edit_student GET /students/:id/edit(.:format) {:action=>"edit", :controller=>"students"} student GET /students/:id(.:format) {:action=>"show", :controller=>"students"} PUT /students/:id(.:format) {:action=>"update", :controller=>"students"} DELETE /students/:id(.:format) {:action=>"destroy", :controller=>"students"} courses GET /courses(.:format) {:action=>"index", :controller=>"courses"} POST /courses(.:format) {:action=>"create", :controller=>"courses"} new_course GET /courses/new(.:format) {:action=>"new", :controller=>"courses"} edit_course GET /courses/:id/edit(.:format) {:action=>"edit", :controller=>"courses"} course GET /courses/:id(.:format) {:action=>"show", :controller=>"courses"} PUT /courses/:id(.:format) {:action=>"update", :controller=>"courses"} DELETE /courses/:id(.:format) {:action=>"destroy", :controller=>"courses"} student_awards GET /students/:student_id/awards(.:format) {:action=>"index", :controller=>"awards"} POST /students/:student_id/awards(.:format) {:action=>"create", :controller=>"awards"} new_student_award GET /students/:student_id/awards/new(.:format) {:action=>"new", :controller=>"awards"} edit_student_award GET /students/:student_id/awards/:id/edit(.:format) {:action=>"edit", :controller=>"awards"} student_award GET /students/:student_id/awards/:id(.:format) {:action=>"show", :controller=>"awards"} PUT /students/:student_id/awards/:id(.:format) {:action=>"update", :controller=>"awards"} DELETE /students/:student_id/awards/:id(.:format) {:action=>"destroy", :controller=>"awards"} courses_student GET /students/:id/courses(.:format) {:action=>"courses", :controller=>"students"} GET /students(.:format) {:action=>"index", :controller=>"students"} POST /students(.:format) {:action=>"create", :controller=>"students"} GET /students/new(.:format) {:action=>"new", :controller=>"students"} GET /students/:id/edit(.:format) {:action=>"edit", :controller=>"students"} GET /students/:id(.:format) {:action=>"show", :controller=>"students"} PUT /students/:id(.:format) {:action=>"update", :controller=>"students"} DELETE /students/:id(.:format) {:action=>"destroy", :controller=>"students"}

    Read the article

  • Accessing variablss through a different class within the constructor of latter classes of an object

    - by Haxed
    In the code below, I've added two lines that print output. The first line prints junk as usual, but surprisingly the second one gives me a compilation error. Why? class Student { private String name; public Student(String name){ this.name = name; } public String getName(){ return name; } } class StudentServer { public StudentServer(){ Student[] s = new Student[30]; s[0] = new Student("Nick"); // LINE 01: This compiles, although prints junk System.out.println(s[0]); // LINE 02: I get a error called cannot find symbol System.out.println(s[0].getName()); } public static void main(){ new StudentServer(); } } Many Thanks

    Read the article

  • [C++] Simple inheritance question

    - by xbonez
    I was going over some sample questions for an upcoming test, and this question is totally confusing me. Any help would be appreciated. Consider the following code: class GraduateStudent : public Student { ... }; If the word "public" is omitted, GraduateStudent uses private inheritance, which means which of the following? GraduateStudent objects may not use methods of Student. GraduateStudent does not have access to private objects of Student. No method of GraduateStudent may call a method of Student. Only const methods of GraduateStudent can call methods of Student.

    Read the article

  • MySQL customized join query using multiple tables

    - by itgeek
    I am searching one student from each class from one group. There are different class groups and every group has different classes and every class has multiple students. See below: Group1 --> Class1, Class2 etc Class1 --> GreenStudent1, GreenStudent2 etc Class2 --> RedStudent1, RedStudent2 etc ------------------------------------------------------ SELECT table1.id, table1.myname, table1.marks table2.studentid, table2.studentname FROM table1 INNER JOIN table3 ON table1.oldid = table3.id INNER JOIN table2 ON table2.studentid = table3.newid WHERE table1.classgroup = 'SCI79' GROUP BY table1.oldid ORDER BY table1.marks DESC There are different joins applied in the query. Above mentioned query giving me correct results but I need little modification in it. Current query returning me one student from each class. What I need? I need one student from each class but only that student who has MAXIMUM table1.marks So I should have one student from each class who has maximum number in their relevant classes. Can anyone suggest some solution or rewrite this query? Thanks :)

    Read the article

  • 11415 compile errors FTW?!

    - by Koning Baard
    Hello. This is something I've really never seen but, I downloaded the source code of the sine wave example at http://www.audiosynth.com/sinewavedemo.html . It is in an old Project Builder Project format, and I want to compile it with Xcode (GCC). However, Xcode gives me 11415 compile errors. The first few are (all in the precompilation of AppKit.h): /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:31:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:31: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:33:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:33: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:35:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:35: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:36:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:36: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:37:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:37: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:38:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:38: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:40:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:40: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:42:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:42: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:48:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:48: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:54:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:54: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:59:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:59: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:61:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:61: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:69:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:69: error: expected identifier or '(' before '+' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:71:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:71: error: expected identifier or '(' before '+' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:39:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:39: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:40:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:40: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:41:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:41: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:42:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:42: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:43:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:43: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:44:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:44: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:45:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:45: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:46:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:46: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token Some of the code is: HAL.c /* * HAL.c * Sinewave * * Created by james on Fri Apr 27 2001. * Copyright (c) 2001 __CompanyName__. All rights reserved. * */ #include "HAL.h" #include "math.h" appGlobals gAppGlobals; OSStatus appIOProc (AudioDeviceID inDevice, const AudioTimeStamp* inNow, const AudioBufferList* inInputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inInputTime, AudioBufferList* outOutputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inOutputTime, void* device); #define FailIf(cond, handler) \ if (cond) { \ goto handler; \ } #define FailWithAction(cond, action, handler) \ if (cond) { \ { action; } \ goto handler; \ } // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // HAL Sample Code ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ //#define noErr 0 //#define false 0 OSStatus SetupHAL (appGlobalsPtr globals) { OSStatus err = noErr; UInt32 count, bufferSize; AudioDeviceID device = kAudioDeviceUnknown; AudioStreamBasicDescription format; // get the default output device for the HAL count = sizeof(globals->device); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioHardwareGetProperty(kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice, &count, (void *) &device); fprintf(stderr, "kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice %d\n", err); if (err != noErr) goto Bail; // get the buffersize that the default device uses for IO count = sizeof(globals->deviceBufferSize); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize, &count, &bufferSize); fprintf(stderr, "kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize %d %d\n", err, bufferSize); if (err != noErr) goto Bail; // get a description of the data format used by the default device count = sizeof(globals->deviceFormat); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat, &count, &format); fprintf(stderr, "kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat %d\n", err); fprintf(stderr, "sampleRate %g\n", format.mSampleRate); fprintf(stderr, "mFormatFlags %08X\n", format.mFormatFlags); fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerPacket %d\n", format.mBytesPerPacket); fprintf(stderr, "mFramesPerPacket %d\n", format.mFramesPerPacket); fprintf(stderr, "mChannelsPerFrame %d\n", format.mChannelsPerFrame); fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerFrame %d\n", format.mBytesPerFrame); fprintf(stderr, "mBitsPerChannel %d\n", format.mBitsPerChannel); if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; FailWithAction(format.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM, err = paramErr, Bail); // bail if the format is not linear pcm // everything is ok so fill in these globals globals->device = device; globals->deviceBufferSize = bufferSize; globals->deviceFormat = format; Bail: return (err); } /* struct AudioStreamBasicDescription { Float64 mSampleRate; // the native sample rate of the audio stream UInt32 mFormatID; // the specific encoding type of audio stream UInt32 mFormatFlags; // flags specific to each format UInt32 mBytesPerPacket; // the number of bytes in a packet UInt32 mFramesPerPacket; // the number of frames in each packet UInt32 mBytesPerFrame; // the number of bytes in a frame UInt32 mChannelsPerFrame; // the number of channels in each frame UInt32 mBitsPerChannel; // the number of bits in each channel }; typedef struct AudioStreamBasicDescription AudioStreamBasicDescription; */ // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // This is a simple playThru ioProc. It simply places the data in the input buffer back into the output buffer. // Watch out for feedback from Speakers to Microphone OSStatus appIOProc (AudioDeviceID inDevice, const AudioTimeStamp* inNow, const AudioBufferList* inInputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inInputTime, AudioBufferList* outOutputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inOutputTime, void* appGlobals) { appGlobalsPtr globals = appGlobals; int i; double phase = gAppGlobals.phase; double amp = gAppGlobals.amp; double pan = gAppGlobals.pan; double freq = gAppGlobals.freq * 2. * 3.14159265359 / globals->deviceFormat.mSampleRate; int numSamples = globals->deviceBufferSize / globals->deviceFormat.mBytesPerFrame; // assume floats for now.... float *out = outOutputData->mBuffers[0].mData; for (i=0; i<numSamples; ++i) { float wave = sin(phase) * amp; phase = phase + freq; *out++ = wave * (1.0-pan); *out++ = wave * pan; } gAppGlobals.phase = phase; return (kAudioHardwareNoError); } // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OSStatus StartPlayingThruHAL(appGlobalsPtr globals) { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; if (globals->soundPlaying) return 0; globals->phase = 0.0; err = AudioDeviceAddIOProc(globals->device, appIOProc, (void *) globals); // setup our device with an IO proc if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; err = AudioDeviceStart(globals->device, appIOProc); // start playing sound through the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; globals->soundPlaying = true; // set the playing status global to true Bail: return (err); } // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OSStatus StopPlayingThruHAL(appGlobalsPtr globals) { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; if (!globals->soundPlaying) return 0; err = AudioDeviceStop(globals->device, appIOProc); // stop playing sound through the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; err = AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc(globals->device, appIOProc); // remove the IO proc from the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; globals->soundPlaying = false; // set the playing status global to false Bail: return (err); } Sinewave.m // // a very simple Cocoa CoreAudio app // by James McCartney [email protected] www.audiosynth.com // // Sinewave - this class implements a sine oscillator with dezippered control of frequency, pan and amplitude // #import "Sinewave.h" // define a C struct from the Obj-C object so audio callback can access data typedef struct { @defs(Sinewave); } sinewavedef; // this is the audio processing callback. OSStatus appIOProc (AudioDeviceID inDevice, const AudioTimeStamp* inNow, const AudioBufferList* inInputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inInputTime, AudioBufferList* outOutputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inOutputTime, void* defptr) { sinewavedef* def = defptr; // get access to Sinewave's data int i; // load instance vars into registers double phase = def->phase; double amp = def->amp; double pan = def->pan; double freq = def->freq; double ampz = def->ampz; double panz = def->panz; double freqz = def->freqz; int numSamples = def->deviceBufferSize / def->deviceFormat.mBytesPerFrame; // assume floats for now.... float *out = outOutputData->mBuffers[0].mData; for (i=0; i<numSamples; ++i) { float wave = sin(phase) * ampz; // generate sine wave phase = phase + freqz; // increment phase // write output *out++ = wave * (1.0-panz); // left channel *out++ = wave * panz; // right channel // de-zipper controls panz = 0.001 * pan + 0.999 * panz; ampz = 0.001 * amp + 0.999 * ampz; freqz = 0.001 * freq + 0.999 * freqz; } // save registers back to object def->phase = phase; def->freqz = freqz; def->ampz = ampz; def->panz = panz; return kAudioHardwareNoError; } @implementation Sinewave - (void) setup { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; UInt32 count; device = kAudioDeviceUnknown; initialized = NO; // get the default output device for the HAL count = sizeof(device); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioHardwareGetProperty(kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice, &count, (void *) &device); if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) { fprintf(stderr, "get kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice error %ld\n", err); return; } // get the buffersize that the default device uses for IO count = sizeof(deviceBufferSize); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize, &count, &deviceBufferSize); if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) { fprintf(stderr, "get kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize error %ld\n", err); return; } fprintf(stderr, "deviceBufferSize = %ld\n", deviceBufferSize); // get a description of the data format used by the default device count = sizeof(deviceFormat); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat, &count, &deviceFormat); if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) { fprintf(stderr, "get kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat error %ld\n", err); return; } if (deviceFormat.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM) { fprintf(stderr, "mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM\n"); return; } if (!(deviceFormat.mFormatFlags & kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat)) { fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, currently only works with float format....\n"); return; } initialized = YES; fprintf(stderr, "mSampleRate = %g\n", deviceFormat.mSampleRate); fprintf(stderr, "mFormatFlags = %08lX\n", deviceFormat.mFormatFlags); fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerPacket = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mBytesPerPacket); fprintf(stderr, "mFramesPerPacket = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mFramesPerPacket); fprintf(stderr, "mChannelsPerFrame = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mChannelsPerFrame); fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerFrame = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mBytesPerFrame); fprintf(stderr, "mBitsPerChannel = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mBitsPerChannel); } - (void)setAmpVal:(double)val { amp = val; } - (void)setFreqVal:(double)val { freq = val * 2. * 3.14159265359 / deviceFormat.mSampleRate; } - (void)setPanVal:(double)val { pan = val; } - (BOOL)start { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; sinewavedef *def; if (!initialized) return false; if (soundPlaying) return false; // initialize phase and de-zipper filters. phase = 0.0; freqz = freq; ampz = amp; panz = pan; def = (sinewavedef *)self; err = AudioDeviceAddIOProc(device, appIOProc, (void *) def); // setup our device with an IO proc if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false; err = AudioDeviceStart(device, appIOProc); // start playing sound through the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false; soundPlaying = true; // set the playing status global to true return true; } - (BOOL)stop { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; if (!initialized) return false; if (!soundPlaying) return false; err = AudioDeviceStop(device, appIOProc); // stop playing sound through the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false; err = AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc(device, appIOProc); // remove the IO proc from the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false; soundPlaying = false; // set the playing status global to false return true; } @end Can anyone help me compiling this example? I'd really appriciate it. Thanks

    Read the article

  • Pass a JSON array to a WCF web service

    - by Tawani
    I am trying to pass a JSON array to a WCF service. But it doesn't seem to work. I actually pulled an array [GetStudents] out the service and sent the exact same array back to the service [SaveStudents] and nothing (empty array) was received. The JSON array is of the format: [ {"Name":"John","Age":12}, {"Name":"Jane","Age":11}, {"Name":"Bill","Age":12} ] And the contracts are of the following format: //Contracts [DataContract] public class Student{ [DataMember]public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember]public int Age{ get; set; } } [CollectionDataContract(Namespace = "")] public class Students : List<Student> { [DataMember]public Endorsements() { } [DataMember]public Endorsements(IEnumerable<Student> source) : base(source) { } } //Operations public Students GetStudents() { var result = new Students(); result.Add(new Student(){Name="John",12}); result.Add(new Student(){Name="Jane",11}); result.Add(new Student(){Name="Bill",12}); return result; } //Operations public void SaveStudents(Students list) { Console.WriteLine(list.Count); //It always returns zero } It there a particular way to send an array to a WCF REST service?

    Read the article

  • Parsing XML via jQuery, nested loops

    - by Coughlin
    I am using jQuery to parse XML on my page using $.ajax(). My code block is below and I can get this working to display say each result on the XML file, but I am having trouble because each section can have MORE THAN ONE and im trying to print ALL grades that belong to ONE STUDENT. Here is an example of the XML. <student num="505"> <name gender="male">Al Einstein</name> <course cid="1">60</course> <course cid="2">60</course> <course cid="3">40</course> <course cid="4">55</course> <comments>Lucky if he makes it to lab, hopeless.</comments> </student> Where you see the I am trying to get the results to print the grades for EACH student in each course. Any ideas on what I would do? Thanks, Ryan $.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "final_exam.xml", dataType: "xml", success: function(xml) { var student_list = $('#student-list'); $(xml).find('student').each(function(){ $(xml).find('course').each(function(){ gradeArray = $(this).text(); console.log(gradeArray); }); var name = $(this).find("name").text(); var grade = $(this).find("course").text(); var cid = $(this).find("course").attr("cid"); //console.log(cid); student_list.append("<tr><td>"+name+"</td><td>"+cid+"</td><td>"+grade+"</td></tr>"); }); } });

    Read the article

< Previous Page | 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16  | Next Page >