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• Hostapd to connect laptop to Android

  - by Kmegamind

  i am trying to set up my laptop as an access point for my Android to use WiFi, so i knew that ubuntu sets the network as Ad-Hoc which is not discoverable by android, So i tried the method explained here -which i found on many other websites- but when i run hostapd.conf this error appears : nl80211: Failed to set interface wlan0 into AP mode nl80211 driver initialization failed. ELOOP: remaining socket: sock=4 eloop_data=0x8e488f8 user_data=0x8e48ea0 handler=0x807c5e0 ELOOP: remaining socket: sock=6 eloop_data=0x8e4aca8 user_data=(nil) handler=0x8086770 this is how my hostapd.conf looks like : interface=wlan0 driver=nl80211 ssid=Any_SSID_name hw_mode=g channel=1 macaddr_acl=0 auth_algs=1 ignore_broadcast_ssid=0 wpa=2 wpa_passphrase=Any_password wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK wpa_pairwise=TKIP rsn_pairwise=CCMP and this is my wireless card info : description: Wireless interface product: BCM43225 802.11b/g/n vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 01 serial: 78:e4:00:73:51:f1 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=brcmsmac driverversion=3.2.0-31-generic-pae firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:17 memory:f0300000-f0303fff

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• Has Microsoft stopped offering the free Internet Explorer Application Compatibility VPC Image for IE 6 testing?

  - by Paul D. Waite

  For some time now, Microsoft has made available free, stripped-down, time-limited Virtual PC images for testing web apps in older versions of IE. The most recent version is here: http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=11575 But the XP VPC image has now expired (14th Aug 2011), meaning one can no longer test IE 6 using this method. Have Microsoft made updated XP VPC images available? If not, have they commented on the situation? Do they provide any alternative method to test web apps in IE 6? Update As noted by @PleaseStand, as of 16th Aug 2011, Microsoft has made updated images available that expire on 17th November 2011.

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• RTL8192SU-based Wi-Fi adapter disconnects permanently

  - by leventov

  I've already tried all possible (http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=10129571&postcount=43) solutions, no progress. I'm in despair. In Windows (on the same machine) this adapter works stably. Device: Trendnet TEW-649UB. System details: Ubuntu 11.10; leventov@leventov-ubuntu:~$ uname -a Linux leventov-ubuntu 3.0.0-12-generic #20-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 7 14:56:25 UTC 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux leventov@leventov-ubuntu:~$ lsusb ... Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bda:8172 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8191S WLAN Adapter ... leventov@leventov-ubuntu:~$ dmesg | grep 8712 #current driver [ 8.146510] r8712u: module is from the staging directory, the quality is unknown, you have been warned. [ 8.147113] r8712u: DriverVersion: v7_0.20100831 [ 8.147124] r8712u: register rtl8712_netdev_ops to netdev_ops [ 8.147127] r8712u: USB_SPEED_HIGH with 4 endpoints [ 8.147478] r8712u: Boot from EFUSE: Autoload OK [ 8.551272] r8712u: CustomerID = 0x0000 [ 8.551275] r8712u: MAC Address from efuse = 00:14:d1:6c:52:19 [ 8.551625] usbcore: registered new interface driver r8712u [ 9.501351] r8712u: Loading firmware from "rtlwifi/rtl8712u.bin" [ 10.160471] r8712u: 1 RCR=0x153f00e [ 10.161241] r8712u: 2 RCR=0x553f00e leventov@leventov-ubuntu:~$ lsmod | grep 8712 r8712u 189049 0 t

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• Building Tag Cloud Declarative ADF Component

  - by Arunkumar Ramamoorthy

  When building a website, there could a requirement to add a tag cloud to let the users know the popular tags (or terms) used in the site. In this blog, we would build a simple declarative component to be used as tag cloud in the page. To start with, we would first create the declarative component, which could display the tag cloud. We will do that by creating a new custom application from the new gallery. Give a name for the app and the project and from the new gallery, let us create a new ADF Declarative Component We need to specify the name for the declarative component, attributes in it etc. as follows For displaying the tags as cloud, we need to pass the content to this component. So, we will create an attribute to hold the values for the tag. Let us name it as "value" and make it as java.lang.String  type. Once after this, to hold the component, we need to create a tag library. This can be done by clicking on the Add Tag Library button. Clicking on OK buttons in all the open dialogs would create a declarative component for us. Now, we need to display the tag cloud based on the value passed to the component. To do that, we assume that the value is a Tree Binding and has two attributes in it, say "Name" and "Weight". To make a tag cloud, we would put together the "Name" in a loop and set it's font size based on the "Weight". After putting our logic to work, here is how the source look Attributes added to the declarative components can be retrieved by using #{attrs.<attribute_name>}. Now, we need to deploy this project as ADF Library Jar file, so that this can be distributed to the consuming applications. We'll select ADF Library Jar as type and create the profile. We would be getting the jar file after deployment. To test the functionality, we could create a simple Fusion Web Application. To add our custom component to the consuming application, we can create a file system connection pointing to the location where the jar file is and add it or, add through the project properties of the ViewController project. Now, our custom component has been added to the consuming application. We could test that by creating a VO in the model project with a query like, select 'Faces' as Name,25 as Weight from dual union all select 'ADF', 15 from dual  union all select 'ADFdi', 30 from dual union all select 'BC4J', 20 from dual union all select 'EJB', 40 from dual union all select 'WS', 35 from dual Add this VO to the AppModule, so that it would be exposed to the data control. Then, we could create a jspx page, and add a tree binding to the VO created. We can now see our Tag Cloud declarative component is available in the component palette.  It can be inserted from the component palette to our page and set it's value property to CollectionModel of the tree binding created. Now that we've created the Declarative component and added that to our page successfully, we can run the page to see how it looks. As per the query, the Tags are displayed in different fonts, based on their weight.

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• eDelivery (Delivery Cloud) Housekeeping - removal of obsolete EPM products

  - by THE

  You may have noticed that Weblogic Server (WLS) 9.2.X and WLS 10.0.X releases have been removed from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud. The Delivery Team has been asked to remove or update any product pack or product that embeds WLS 10.3.2 or earlier versions. This is consistent with general Oracle practice of removing old product versions from public distribution systems, and encourages customer usage and adoption of newer product releases such as WLS 10.3.3 or newer.  For the convenience of existing supported customers, a media request SR on My Oracle Support can be entered to obtain any removed media.  Information on how to open such an SR can be found on  MOS Doc ID 1071023.1 . OTN will also be reviewed and similar modifications may potentially be done.  The following media packs will be removed from E-Delivery this week, as of the above reason. Hyperion 9.3.1 Hyperion 9.2.1 Hyperion Pre-system 9 EPM 11.1.1.3 EPM 11.1.1.4

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• Bluetooth pairing works in 10.10 but not in 11.04

  - by Nathan Haines

  My laptop, a Compaq Presario V2000, has a built-in Bluetooth module that has worked well since at least Ubuntu 8.04 LTS. I use it to pair with headphones and a mouse. These both worked great in Ubuntu 10.10 (and still do with a live CD) but I cannot pair to any Bluetooth device in Ubuntu 11.04, even from a live CD. I can see the Bluetooth module in lspci and when I try to set up a new device from the Bluetooth indicator my computer detects all Bluetooth devices around me but pairing always fails. At the moment I'm most concerned with getting my Microsoft Wireless Notebook Presenter Mouse 8000 paired. Relevant output of lspci: Bus 003 Device 002: ID 03f0:011d Hewlett-Packard Integrated Bluetooth Module

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• How can a collection class instantiate many objects with one database call?

  - by Buttle Butkus

  I have a baseClass where I do not want public setters. I have a load($id) method that will retrieve the data for that object from the db. I have been using static class methods like getBy($property,$values) to return multiple class objects using a single database call. But some people say that static methods are not OOP. So now I'm trying to create a baseClassCollection that can do the same thing. But it can't, because it cannot access protected setters. I don't want everyone to be able to set the object's data. But it seems that it is an all-or-nothing proposition. I cannot give just the collection class access to the setters. I've seen a solution using debug_backtrace() but that seems inelegant. I'm moving toward just making the setters public. Are there any other solutions? Or should I even be looking for other solutions?

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• Procedural object generation and unique identification

  - by 2080

  My question relates to procedural content generation and data management of the emerging objects in a database. I assume a networked game, with a server-client model. Unspecified objects in the game world are generated while the game is running with procedural algorithms (for example perlin noise). The players (/clients) can modify the properties of these objects, but have to notify the server of these changes. How could this communication address unique objects, so that both the server and the client know of which object they are speaking? Not only the inner properties of the objects can differ, but also visible, such as the position. When the player wants to select one of these objects the game has to find out the id - does anyone know which methods or algorithms can accomplish that?

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• Java-Powered Robot Named NAO Wows Crowds

  - by Tori Wieldt

  He drew a crowd where he went at JavaOne. And only being 22.5 inches/573 mm tall, that's pretty impressive. Nao (pronounced now) is an autonomous, programmable humanoid robot developed by Aldebaran Robotics, a French robotics company. Over 200 academic institutions worldwide have made use of the robot. In this video from JavaOne, Nicolas Rigaud shows off the NAO robot which you can control with Java. We are eager to see what Java developers can do with a robot that can walk, talk, see, hear, and dance. &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span id=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;XinhaEditingPostion&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; You can see several pictures in the blog Aldebaran Robotics at JavaOne. Learn more about the Aldebaran robotics developer program.

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• How to keep a generic process unique?

  - by Steve Van Opstal

  I'm currently working on a project that makes connection between different banks which send us information on which that project replies. A part of that project configures the different protocols that are used (not every bank uses the same protocol), this runs on a separate server. These processes all have unique id's which are stored in a database. But to save time and money on configurations and new processes, we want to make a generic protocol that banks can use. Because of PCI requirements we have to make a separate process for every bank we connect to. But the generic process has only 1 unique identifier and therefor we cannot keep them apart. Giving every copy of that process a different identifier is as I see it impossible because they run entirely separate. So how do I keep my generic process unique?

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• Webcast: Everything You Need To Know About AutoInvoice Date Derivation & Accounting Rules

  - by Annemarie Provisero-Oracle

  Webcast: Everything You Need To Know About AutoInvoice Date Derivation & Accounting Rules Date: June 11, 2014 at 11:00 am ET, 9:00 am MT, 4:00 pm GMT, 8:30 pm IST This one-hour session is part two of a three part series on AutoInvoice and is recommended for technical and functional users who would like a better understanding of Date Derivation and Accounting Rules as they relate to AutoInvoice. We will review commonly encountered issues, troubleshooting steps and tools available to assist in assessing and resolving issues. Topics will include: Commonly encountered issues when using Date Derivation & Accounting Rules with AutoInvoice Troubleshooting Date Derivation & Accounting Rules Related diagnostic tools Details & Registration: Doc ID 1671932.1

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• Raspberry Pi + Azure + Mobile App

  - by Richard Jones

  Ongoing project idea. So this is of long running personal interest to build a Mobile App that shows you a push notification/pop up alert, when anyone calls your house phone. So I've taken delivery of a Raspberry Pi. I've ordered a new Crucible Technology Caller ID Box. (arriving soon). I have been writing/learning Python to implement the Listener software. This will in turn push xml messages up to Azure for final delivery via push notifications to an App. iOS app already written to receive the notifications/allow address book additions made up from phone numbers from incoming calls. So this is fusion, R-Pi, Azure, Hardware and iOS. Details to follow as this plan unfolds.

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• Free Webinar: Filling the Gap in SharePoint Records Management

  - by CatherineRussell

  Webinar: Filling the Gap in SharePoint Records Management Find out how you can solve your challenges with conceptClassifier for SharePoint and leverage SharePoint 2007 and 2010 in this free one hour webinar. This informative webinar will focus on records management in SharePoint and how Concept Searching’s award winning conceptClassifier for SharePoint automatically generates conceptual and descriptor metadata from documents, automatically changes the Content Type, and automatically declares records. Juan J. Celaya, President and CEO of COMPU-DATA International, LLC will share his expertise and experience using the U.S. Army’s Joint Services Records Research Center (JSRRC) as a case study and illustrates how they solved the challenge of processing millions of records to support veteran’s claims using conceptClassifier.    Webinar is on June 23rd from 11:30am – 12:30pm EST and explore real world examples of how to simplify your Records Management processes in SharePoint: http://www.clicktoattend.com/?id=149003

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• Data Source Security Part 5

  - by Steve Felts

  If you read through the first four parts of this series on data source security, you should be an expert on this focus area.  There is one more small topic to cover related to WebLogic Resource permissions.  After that comes the test, I mean example, to see with a real set of configuration parameters what the results are with some concrete values. WebLogic Resource Permissions All of the discussion so far has been about database credentials that are (eventually) used on the database side.  WLS has resource credentials to control what WLS users are allowed to access JDBC resources.  These can be defined on the Policies tab on the Security tab associated with the data source.  There are four permissions: “reserve” (get a new connection), “admin”, “shrink”, and reset (plus the all-inclusive “ALL”); we will focus on “reserve” here because we are talking about getting connections.  By default, JDBC resource permissions are completely open – anyone can do anything.  As soon as you add one policy for a permission, then all other users are restricted.  For example, if I add a policy so that “weblogic” can reserve a connection, then all other users will fail to reserve connections unless they are also explicitly added.  The validation is done for WLS user credentials only, not database user credentials.  Configuration of resources in general is described at “Create policies for resource instances” http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E24329_01/apirefs.1211/e24401/taskhelp/security/CreatePoliciesForResourceInstances.html.  This feature can be very useful to restrict what code and users can get to your database. There are the three use cases: API Use database credentials User for permission checking getConnection() True or false Current WLS user getConnection(user,password) False User/password from API getConnection(user,password) True Current WLS user If a simple getConnection() is used or database credentials are enabled, the current user that is authenticated to the WLS system is checked. If database credentials are not enabled, then the user and password on the API are used. Example The following is an actual example of the interactions between identity-based-connection-pooling-enabled, oracle-proxy-session, and use-database-credentials. On the database side, the following objects are configured.- Database users scott; jdbcqa; jdbcqa3- Permission for proxy: alter user jdbcqa3 grant connect through jdbcqa;- Permission for proxy: alter user jdbcqa grant connect through jdbcqa; The following WebLogic Data Source objects are configured.- Users weblogic, wluser- Credential mapping “weblogic” to “scott”- Credential mapping "wluser" to "jdbcqa3"- Data source descriptor configured with user “jdbcqa”- All tests are run with Set Client ID set to true (more about that below).- All tests are run with oracle-proxy-session set to false (more about that below). The test program:- Runs in servlet- Authenticates to WLS as user “weblogic” Use DB Credentials Identity based getConnection(scott,***) getConnection(weblogic,***) getConnection(jdbcqa3,***) getConnection()  true  true Identity scottClient weblogicProxy null weblogic fails - not a db user User jdbcqa3Client weblogicProxy null Default user jdbcqaClient weblogicProxy null  false  true scott fails - not a WLS user User scottClient scottProxy null jdbcqa3 fails - not a WLS user User scottClient scottProxy null  true  false Proxy for scott fails weblogic fails - not a db user User jdbcqa3Client weblogicProxy jdbcqa Default user jdbcqaClient weblogicProxy null  false  false scott fails - not a WLS user Default user jdbcqaClient scottProxy null jdbcqa3 fails - not a WLS user Default user jdbcqaClient scottProxy null If Set Client ID is set to false, all cases would have Client set to null. If this was not an Oracle thin driver, the one case with the non-null Proxy in the above table would throw an exception because proxy session is only supported, implicitly or explicitly, with the Oracle thin driver. When oracle-proxy-session is set to true, the only cases that will pass (with a proxy of "jdbcqa") are the following.1. Setting use-database-credentials to true and doing getConnection(jdbcqa3,…) or getConnection().2. Setting use-database-credentials to false and doing getConnection(wluser, …) or getConnection(). Summary There are many options to choose from for data source security.  Considerations include the number and volatility of WLS and Database users, the granularity of data access, the depth of the security identity (property on the connection or a real user), performance, coordination of various components in the software stack, and driver capabilities.  Now that you have the big picture (remember that table in part 1), you can make a more informed choice.

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• Mounting ntfs windows drive and retrieving its data

  - by Sarmad

  Hej, A friend gave me his laptop which had problems with booting (windows). He claims his data on the drive to be retrieved and saved. I have Linux Ubuntu Server to mount its hard drive and check the contents. Now when I have mounted it I see only boot.sdi, sources, System Volume Information I have no idea why is it so? How can I access and retrieve the contents? results of sudo fdisk -l are as follows: Enhet Start Början Slut Block Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 3074047 1536000 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE /dev/sdb2 * 3074048 246945791 121935872 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb3 246945792 416354295 84704252 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb4 416354304 488394751 36020224 f W95 Utökad (LBA) /dev/sdb5 416356352 488394751 36019200 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Please help me in this regard.

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• Webcast WebCenter Content, April 11th, 2012

  - by rituchhibber

  Our next WebCenter Content webcast will be on April 10th, 2012. This WebCast will help you to prepare yourself for the WebCenter Content Certified Implementation Specialist EXAM. Webcast Details: Date Topic Speaker Web Call Details Intercall Details  April 10th                WebCenter Content   Refresh     Course      Markus NeubauerSilburyWebCenter ContentSpecialized Partner Join Webcast Dial-in numbers:CC/SP: 1579222/9221 Time: 12:00 -15:00 CET Break around 13:30 Conference ID/Key: 9819145/1004 For more details, please click here.

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• Creating an install of Ubuntu to clone

  - by naaronne

  I work on a team with several other developers. We all have similar hardware and we all run at least the same base development software. We are wishing to upgrade from 10.04 to 10.10 doing a clean install. I am looking for a way to do a base install of Ubuntu, including all our common applications, then clone it to each of the developers drives and then let them further customize their own install. Some considerations would be giving the developer the ability to have their own person id and not the same as which the base install was done with. I know they do this on VMware installs and corporate installs of Windows that can then be customized, but I have not seen this done with Ubuntu yet. Thanks

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• How to save one role implementing a client/server pattern in Azure?

  - by Alfredo Delsors

  Sometimes you need to have an instance performing a server role when other instances are playing the client role. An example can be a file sharing like in this great post: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/mariok/archive/2011/02/11/sharing-folders-in-azure.aspx, one instance shares a folder that all other instances are using to write files that the server processes. The problem is that there is not discovering mechanism in Azure that allows one instance to know where the instance acting as a server is located. A first approach can be having a server role and a client role like in the previous post. This means more instances, more money. A solution to save this "server" role is to use Instance 0, always available, to act as a server. An instance can know that it should act as the server checking RoleEnvironment.CurrentRoleInstance.Id.EndsWith(".0"). Other instances can iterate the RoleEnvironment Instances collection to find the instance whose name ends with ".0", getting its endpoints and acting as its clients.

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• Is there a good design pattern for this messaging class?

  - by salonMonsters

  Is there a good design pattern for this? I want to create a messaging class. The class will be passed: the type of message (eg. signup, signup confirmation, password reminder etc) the client's id The class needs to then look up the client's messaging preferences in the db (whether they want communication by email, sms or both) Then depending on the client's preference it will format the message for the medium (short version for sms, long form for email) and send it through our mail or sms provider's API. Because the fact that we want to be able to change out email and sms providers if need be I wondered if the Command Pattern would be a good choice.

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• Laptop in-built Web Cam stopped working HP Probook

  - by Dave A

  My laptop (HP Probook) webcam has always worked. When I upgraded to 13.10 it stopped working. No solution found then so gave up. Recently upgraded to 14.04 still not working so thought I would ask anyone again if a solution had been found. lsusb Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0c45:62c0 Microdia Sonix USB 2.0 Camera dmesg | grep uvcvideo` [ 765.466575] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device USB 2.0 Camera (0c45:62c0) [ 765.467305] uvcvideo: UVC non compliance - GET_DEF(PROBE) not supported. Enabling workaround. [ 765.467954] uvcvideo: Failed to query (129) UVC probe control : -32 (exp. 26). [ 765.467960] uvcvideo: Failed to initialize the device (-5). [ 765.468022] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo Tried searching everywhere but there does not appear to be any clear solution to the driver issue - very weird as my camera is listed as supported by uvcvideo and it has always worked.

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• Blank Processes (?) in Natty Narwhal

  - by A Hylian Human

  I've noticed that there a seemingly blank processes (no process name, no cmdline info, only an ID), which also appear to cause my CPU to be running like crazy. My fans are going pretty much full speed and I have no idea what to do. Restarting does not help. Whenever I try to kill the process IDs, nothing happens. It's like new blank processes are continuously being created. I am really surprised that I am able to write up this question without Firefox lagging like crazy (and trust me, it's not Firefox causing the issue, as far as I can tell).

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• The Column Prediction_Status, MDP_Matrix and Engine. How are they Related? Understand Prediction_status Values

  - by user702295

  Do you know what these values are telling you? COUNT(*) PREDICTION_STATUS DO_FORE DO_AGGRI AGGRI_98 AGGRI_99 LEVEL_ID 19854 99 1 1 1 1 3 1077 99 0 1 1 1 0 262691 99 1 1 -1 56 99 0 1 1 1 2 1 98 1 1 1 1 1 99 0 1 1 1 748796 1 1 1 4 351633 1 1 1 1 1 2 1877829 97 1 1 4 840 99 1 1 1 1 27 99 0 1 1 1 3 1 97 1 1 -1 66712 99 1 1 1 1 2 53213 1 1 1 1 1 3 2560 98 1 1 4   Check out The Column Prediction_Status, MDP_Matrix and Engine. How are they Related? Understand Prediction_status Values (Doc ID 1509754.1) This customer is adding an additional processing burden, adding no value.  The incoming data should be scrubbed to eliminate the overhead. 

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• Did You Know? I'm doing 3 more online seminars with SSWUG!

  - by Kalen Delaney

  As I told you in April , I recorded two more seminars with Stephen Wynkoop, on aspects of Query Processing. The first one will be broadcast on June 30 and the second on August 27. In between, we'll broadcast my Index Internals seminar, on July 23. Workshops can be replayed for up to a week after the broadcast, and you can even buy a DVD of the workshop. You can get more details by clicking on the workshop name, below, or check out the announcement on the SSWUG site at http://www.sswug.org/editorials/default.aspx?id=1948...(read more)

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• Mod Rewrite not working on my addon domain

  - by Ogugua Belonwu

  have a wordpress website on my main domain For the wordpress website i have this in my .htaccess file # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php </IfModule> # END WordPress I just created an addon domain and wanted to use new rules for it I created a .htaccess file and put it inside the addon folder eg /newaddon In the .htaccess file i have: Options -Indexes <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^readjob/(.*)/(.*)/(.*)/$ readjob.php?id=$1&amp;cat=$2&amp;title=$3 </IfModule> The url stucture i have is this: http://www.website.com/readjob/3/jobs/web-designers-potech-integrated-services/ But it keeps telling me link is broken I dont know what to do, pls i need assistance (pls i just learnt mod rewriting today, so clarity will be highly appreciated) Thanks

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• Avoiding coupling

  - by Seralize

  It is also true that a system may become so coupled, where each class is dependent on other classes that depend on other classes, that it is no longer possible to make a change in one place without having a ripple effect and having to make subsequent changes in many places.[1] This is why using an interface or an abstract class can be valuable in any object-oriented software project. Quote from Wikipedia Starting from scratch I'm starting from scratch with a project that I recently finished because I found the code to be too tightly coupled and hard to refactor, even when using MVC. I will be using MVC on my new project aswell but want to try and avoid the pitfalls this time, hopefully with your help. Project summary My issue is that I really wish to keep the Controller as clean as possible, but it seems like I can't do this. The basic idea of the program is that the user picks wordlists which is sent to the game engine. It will pick random words from the lists until there are none left. Problem at hand My main problem is that the game will have 'modes', and need to check the input in different ways through a method called checkWord(), but exactly where to put this and how to abstract it properly is a challenge to me. I'm new to design patterns, so not sure whether there exist any might fit my problem. My own attempt at abstraction Here is what I've gotten so far after hours of 'refactoring' the design plans, and I know it's long, but it's the best I could do to try and give you an overview (Note: As this is the sketch, anything is subject to change, all help and advice is very welcome. Also note the marked coupling points): Wordlist class Wordlist { // Basic CRUD etc. here! // Other sample methods: public function wordlistCount($user_id) {} // Returns count of how many wordlists a user has public function getAll($user_id) {} // Returns all wordlists of a user } Word class Word { // Basic CRUD etc. here! // Other sample methods: public function wordCount($wordlist_id) {} // Returns count of words in a wordlist public function getAll($wordlist_id) {} // Returns all words from a wordlist public function getWordInfo($word_id) {} // Returns information about a word } Wordpicker class Wordpicker { // The class needs to know which words and wordlists to exclude protected $_used_words = array(); protected $_used_wordlists = array(); // Wordlists to pick words from protected $_wordlists = array(); /* Public Methods */ public function setWordlists($wordlists = array()) {} public function setUsedWords($used_words = array()) {} public function setUsedWordlists($used_wordlists = array()) {} public function getRandomWord() {} // COUPLING POINT! Will most likely need to communicate with both the Wordlist and Word classes /* Protected Methods */ protected function _checkAvailableWordlists() {} // COUPLING POINT! Might need to check if wordlists are deleted etc. protected function _checkAvailableWords() {} // COUPLING POINT! Method needs to get all words in a wordlist from the Word class } Game class Game { protected $_session_id; // The ID of a game session which gets stored in the database along with game details protected $_game_info = array(); // Game instantiation public function __construct($user_id) { if (! $this->_session_id = $this->_gameExists($user_id)) { // New game } else { // Resume game } } // This is the method I tried to make flexible by using abstract classes etc. // Does it even belong in this class at all? public function checkWord($answer, $native_word, $translation) {} // This method checks the answer against the native word / translation word, depending on game mode public function getGameInfo() {} // Returns information about a game session, or creates it if it does not exist public function deleteSession($session_id) {} // Deletes a game session from the database // Methods dealing with game session information protected function _gameExists($user_id) {} protected function _getProgress($session_id) {} protected function _updateProgress($game_info = array()) {} } The Game /* CONTROLLER */ /* "Guess the word" page */ // User input $game_type = $_POST['game_type']; // Chosen with radio buttons etc. $wordlists = $_POST['wordlists']; // Chosen with checkboxes etc. // Starts a new game or resumes one from the database $game = new Game($_SESSION['user_id']); $game_info = $game->getGameInfo(); // Instantiates a new Wordpicker $wordpicker = new Wordpicker(); $wordpicker->setWordlists((isset($game_info['wordlists'])) ? $game_info['wordlists'] : $wordlists); $wordpicker->setUsedWordlists((isset($game_info['used_wordlists'])) ? $game_info['used_wordlists'] : NULL); $wordpicker->setUsedWords((isset($game_info['used_words'])) ? $game_info['used_words'] : NULL); // Fetches an available word if (! $word_id = $wordpicker->getRandomWord()) { // No more words left - game over! $game->deleteSession($game_info['id']); redirect(); } else { // Presents word details to the user $word = new Word(); $word_info = $word->getWordInfo($word_id); } The Bit to Finish /* CONTROLLER */ /* "Check the answer" page */ // ?????????????????? ( http://pastebin.com/cc6MtLTR ) Make sure you toggle the 'Layout Width' to the right for a better view. Thanks in advance. Questions To which extent should objects be loosely coupled? If object A needs info from object B, how is it supposed to get this without losing too much cohesion? As suggested in the comments, models should hold all business logic. However, as objects should be independent, where to glue them together? Should the model contain some sort of "index" or "client" area which connects the dots? Edit: So basically what I should do for a start is to make a new model which I can more easily call with oneliners such as $model->doAction(); // Lots of code in here which uses classes! How about the method for checking words? Should it be it's own object? I'm not sure where I should put it as it's pretty much part of the 'game'. But on another hand, I could just leave out the 'abstraction and OOPness' and make it a method of the 'client model' which will be encapsulated from the controller anyway. Very unsure about this.

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