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• Moving from XNA/C# to DirectX/C++ quite confused

  - by misiMe

  I made some game with XNA/C# for Windows Phone and Windows 8, since XNA is dead and Visual studio doesn't support it (I have to target Windows Phone 7.1 to build with XNA), I want to start learning something more "consistent in time" and improve my skills. I'm a little confused about the possibilities, because C++/DirectX alone seems difficult, so I found some high-level classes to help: DirectX Toolkit Cocos2D My questions are: What will happen when they will "die" like XNA? Is C++'s approces more "professional" than C#/XNA and why? Is C++'s approces more "portable"? Is C++'s approces more resistant in terms of time? Is there any consideration about DirectX TK and Cocos2D in terms of performance? I ask that because I found that every Game software house in my country looks for skilled C++ programmers.

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• Role of an entity state in a component based system?

  - by Paul

  Component-based entity systems are all the rage these days; everyone seems to agree they are the way to go, but no one really has a definitive implementation of such a system. I was wondering, what role do entity states (walking-left, standing, jumping, etc) have in a CBS? Do they act like controllers (i.e. they handle events and change the entity's attributes based on those events)? What about cases where a state would, for example, require that the entity enters no-clip mode? Should, that state, when it enters, maybe set the CollisionComponent of the entity to a null pointer or something? (Then, on exit, the state should restore the entity's CollisionComponent to its previous state.) Also, I guess it's the current state's job to change the entity's state to something else, right?

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• How to move a line of sprites in a sine wave?

  - by electroflame

  So, I'm spawning a horizontal line of enemies that I would like to have move in a nice wave. Currently I tried: Enemy.position.X += Enemy.velocity.X; Enemy.position.Y += -(float)Math.Cos(Enemy.position.X / 200) * 5; This...kind of works. But the wave is not a true wave. The top and bottom of one pass are not the same (e.g. 5 for the top, and -5 for the bottom (I don't mean literal points, I just meant that it's not symmetrical)). Is there a better way to do this? I would like the whole line to move in a wave, so it looks fluid. By that, I mean that it should look like each enemy is "following" the one in front of it. The code I posted does have this fluidity to it, but like I said, it's not a perfect wave. Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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• Would someone please explain Octree Collisions to me?

  - by A-Type

  I've been reading everything I can find on the subject and I feel like the pieces are just about to fall into place, but I just can't quite get it. I'm making a space game, where collisions will occur between planets, ships, asteroids, and the sun. Each of these objects can be subdivided into 'chunks', which I have implemented to speed up rendering (the vertices can and will change often at runtime, so I've separated the buffers). These subdivisions also have bounding primitives to test for collision. All of these objects are made of blocks (yeah, it's that kind of game). Blocks can also be tested for rough collisions, though they do not have individual bounding primitives for memory reasons. I think the rough testing seems to be sufficient, though. So, collision needs to be fairly precise; at block resolution. Some functions rely on two blocks colliding. And, of course, attacking specific blocks is important. Now what I am struggling with is filtering my collision pairs. As I said, I've read a lot about Octrees, but I'm having trouble applying it to my situation as many tutorials are vague with very little code. My main issues are: Are Octrees recalculated each frame, or are they stored in memory and objects are shuffled into different divisions as they move? Despite all my reading I still am not clear on this... the vagueness of it all has been frustrating. How far do Octrees subdivide? Planets in my game are quite large, while asteroids are smaller. Do I subdivide to the size of the planet, or asteroid (where planet is in multiple divisions)? Or is the limit something else entirely, like number of elements in the division? Should I load objects into the octrees as 'chunks' or in the whole, then break into chunks later? This could be specific to my implementation, I suppose. I was going to ask about how big my root needed to be, but I did manage to find this question, and the second answer seems sufficient for me. I'm afraid I don't really get what he means by adding new nodes and doing subdivisions upon adding new objects, probably because I'm confused about whether the tree is maintained in memory or recalculated per-frame.

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• Looking for a small, light scene graph style abstraction lib for shader based OpenGL

  - by Pris

  I'm looking for a 'lean and mean' c/c++ scene graph library for OpenGL that doesn't use any deprecated functionality. It should be cross platform (strictly speaking I just dev on Linux so no love lost if it doesn't work on Windows), and it should be possible to deploy to mobile targets (ie OpenGLES2, and no crazy mandatory dependencies that wouldn't port well to modern mobile frameworks like iOS, Android, etc), with a license that's compatible with closed source software (LGPL or more liberal). Specific nice-to-haves would be: Cameras and Viewers (trackball, fly-by, etc) Object transform hierarchies (if B is a child of A, and you move A, B has the same transform applied to it) Simple animation Scene optimization (frustum culling, use VBOs, minimize state changes, etc) Text I've played around with OpenSceneGraph a lot and it's pretty amazing for fixed function pipeline stuff, but I've had a few of problems using it with the programmable pipeline and after going through their mailing list, it seems several people have had similar issues (going back years). Kitware's VES looks neat (http://www.vtk.org/Wiki/VES), but VES + VTK is pretty heavy. VTK is also typically for analyzing scientific data and I've read that it's not that appropriate for a general use case (not that great at rendering a lot of objects on scene,etc) I'm currently looking at VisualizationLibrary (http://www.visualizationlibrary.org/documentation/pag_gallery.html) which looks like it offers some of the functionality I'd like, but it doesn't explicitly support mobile targets. Other solutions like Ogre, Horde3D, Irrlicht, etc tend to be full on game engines and that's not really what I'm looking for. I'd like some suggestions for other libraries that I may have missed... please note I'm not willing to roll my own solution from scratch.

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• Drawing of a huge model - How to regain performance?

  - by marc wellman

  I have a huge model I want to draw in my XNA application but because of its size I am experiencing a tremendous loss of performance. The model has about ~50 000 000 edges and has a size on disk of 205 MB in DirectX Format. Please don't ask whether this model has to be that big - yes it has! Is there a way to transfer the model directly to my GPU in order to let the GPU do the drawing like when transferring a VertexBuffer like this: graphicsDevice.Vertices[1].SetSource(_instanceBuffers[i], 0, _sizeofMatrix); because when I try to fill a vertexBuffer with all the vertices I am getting a OutOfMemoryException.

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• How to categorize textures into atlases

  - by Esa

  I am going to use texture atlasing for the first time in my games, and at first it seemed like a great idea to split textures into atlases by categorizing them by terrain themes e.g ForestTextures, WinterTextures etc. But that could cause a problem when for example a flower has to use transparency shader and other models use a diffuse shader. So those cannot be atlased into the same texture. Thus, would atlasing textures into themes as mentioned before and then splitting them by shader like ForestDiffuse and ForestTransparent be good? Or is there a better way to categorize and build them?

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• How to do Cross Platform in own Engine? [on hold]

  - by Mineorbit

  At the Moment I finished the first game with my game engine(if I wanna call it like that) which is based in LWJGL. Now i'm worring if I could do crossplattforming in my engine. I build me a tool tool with a batch file to compile my project dir into an .exe . At first i'm looking to do it on Android with an comparable batch file. An link for an tutorial would be awesome! At next place there would be an renderer and audiosystem. If read that theres an OpenGL ES renderer, and I allready played a bit around with the Android SDK. But I use the Texture and Audio class in slick-util. So I thought about creating OOP classes that carry around the data and load it in an platform specific Buffer. A Link for an equaly easy-to-use Texture or Audio class would be awesome! Thats all for now! Answers would be awesome! Thanks, Mineorbit!

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• Is AGS outdated for Point & Click Adventures?

  - by Aidan Moore

  Is Adventure Game Studio (AGS) outdated? I am working on a Point and Click Adventure game being coded on the AGS engine, and just recently, the question of 'is this outdated?' has come up. I'll admit, AGS is a rather old, and kind of went out of style with the P&C genre itself, but I have not found anything quite like it that specializes in this specific format of games. So my big question is not only 'is this outdated?' but also 'Is there a better alternative?'

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• How stoper one annimation model on XNA?

  - by Mehdi Bugnard

  I met a Difficulty for one stoper annimation. Everything works great starter for the animation. But I do not see how stoper and can continue the annimation paused. The "animationPlayer.StartClip (clip)" is used to choke the annimation but impossible to find a way to stoper Thans's a lot Here is my code to use. protected override void LoadContent() { //Model - Player model_player = Content.Load<Model>("Models\\Player\\models"); // Look up our custom skinning information. SkinningData skinningData = model_player.Tag as SkinningData; if (skinningData == null) throw new InvalidOperationException ("This model does not contain a SkinningData tag."); // Create an animation player, and start decoding an animation clip. animationPlayer = new AnimationPlayer(skinningData); AnimationClip clip = skinningData.AnimationClips["ArmLowAction_006"]; animationPlayer.StartClip(clip); } protected overide update(GameTime gameTime) { KeyboardState key = Keyboard.GetState(); // If player don't move -> stop anim if (!key.IsKeyDown(Keys.W) && !keyStateOld.IsKeyUp(Keys.S) && !keyStateOld.IsKeyUp(Keys.A) && !keyStateOld.IsKeyUp(Keys.D)) { //animation stop ? not exist ? animationPlayer.Stop(); isPlayerStop = true; } else { if(isPlayerStop == true) { isPlayerStop = false; animationPlayer.StartClip(Clip); } }

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• Finding closest object to a location within a specific perpendicular distance to direction vector

  - by Sniper

  I have a location and a direction vector indicating facing, I want to find the closest object to that location that is within some tolerance distance (perpendicular distance) to the ray formed by the location and direction vector. Basically I want to get the object that is being aimed at. I have thought about finding all objects within a box and then finding the closest object to my vector from them results, but I am sure that there is a more efficient way. The Z axis is optional, the objects are most likely within a few meters of the search vector.

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• How do I tackle top down RPG movement?

  - by WarmWaffles

  I have a game that I am writing in Java. It is a top down RPG and I am trying to handle movement in the world. The world is largely procedural and I am having a difficult time tackling how to handle character movement around the world and render the changes to the screen. I have the world loaded in blocks which contains all the tiles. How do I tackle the character movement? I am stumped and can't figure out where I should go with it. EDIT: Well I was abstract with the issue at hand. Right now I can only think of rigidly sticking everything into a 2D array and saving the block ID and the player offset in the Block or I could just "float" everything and move about between tiles so to speak.

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• Generating grammatically correct MUD-style attack descriptions

  - by Extrakun

  I am currently working on a text based game, where the outcome of a combat round goes something like this %attacker% inflicts a serious wound (12 points damage) on %defender% Right now, I just swap %attacker% with the name of the attacker, and %defender% for the name of the defender. However, the description works, but don't read correctly. Since the game is just all text, I don't want to resort to generic descriptions (Such as "You use Attack on Goblin for 5 damage", which arguably solve the problem) How do I generate correct descriptions for cases where %attacker% refers to "You", the player? "You inflicts..." is wrong "Bees", or other plural? I need somehow to know I should prefix the name with a "The " If %attacker% is a generic noun, such as "Goblin", it will read weird as opposed to %attacker% being a name. Compare "Goblin inflicts..." vs. "Aldraic Swordbringer inflicts...." How does text-based games usually resolve such issues?

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• Design patterns for effects between actors and technology

  - by changelog

  I'm working on my first game, and taking the opportunity to brush up my C++ (I want to make as much of it as portable as I can.) Whilst working on the technology tree and how it affects actors (spaceships, planets, crew, buildings, etc) I can't find a pattern that decouples these entities enough to feel like a clean approach. Just as an idea, here's the type of effects these actors can have on one another (and techs too) An engineer inside a spaceship boosts its shield A hero in a spaceship in a fleet increases morale A technology improves spaceships' travel distance A building in a planet improves its production The best I can come up with is the Observer pattern, and basically manage it more or less manually (when a crew member enters a spaceship, fire the event; when a new building is built in a planet, fire the event, etc etc.) but it seems to be too tightly coupled to me. I would love to get some ideas about how to approach this better.

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• How to detect which edges of a rectange touch when they collide in iOS

  - by Mike King

  I'm creating a basic "game" in iOS 4.1. The premise is simple, there is a green rectangle ("disk") that moves/bounces around the screen, and red rectangle ("bump") that is stationary. The user can move the red "bump" by touching another coordinate on the screen, but that's irrelevant to this question. Each rectangle is a UIImageView (I will replace them with some kind of image/icon once I get the mechanics down). I've gotten as far as detecting when the rectangles collide, and I'm able to reverse the direction of the green "disk" on the Y axis if they do. This works well when the green "disk" approaches the red "bump" from top or bottom, it bounces off in the other direction. But when it approaches from the side, the bounce is incorrect; I need to reverse the X direction instead. Here's the timer I setup: - (void)viewDidLoad { xSpeed = 3; ySpeed = -3; gameTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.05 target:self selector:@selector(mainGameLoop:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; [super viewDidLoad]; } Here's the main game loop: - (void) mainGameLoop:(NSTimer *)theTimer { disk.center = CGPointMake(disk.center.x + xSpeed, disk.center.y + ySpeed); // make sure the disk does not travel off the edges of the screen // magic number values based on size of disk's frame // startAnimating causes the image to "pulse" if (disk.center.x < 55 || disk.center.x > 265) { xSpeed = xSpeed * -1; [disk startAnimating]; } if (disk.center.y < 55 || disk.center.y > 360) { ySpeed = ySpeed * -1; [disk startAnimating]; } // check to see if the disk collides with the bump if (CGRectIntersectsRect(disk.frame, bump.frame)) { NSLog(@"Collision detected..."); if (! [disk isAnimating]) { ySpeed = ySpeed * -1; [disk startAnimating]; } } } So my question is: how can I detect whether I need to flip the X speed or the Y speed? ie: how can I calculate which edge of the bump was collided with?

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• How to transform mesh components?

  - by Lea Hayes

  I am attempting to transform the components of a mesh directly using a 4x4 matrix. This is working for the vertex positions, but it is not working for the normals (and probably not the tangents either). Here is what I have: // Transform vertex positions - Works like a charm! vertices = mesh.vertices; for (int i = 0; i < vertices.Length; ++i) vertices[i] = transform.MultiplyPoint(vertices[i]); // Does not work, lighting is messed up on mesh normals = mesh.normals; for (int i = 0; i < normals.Length; ++i) normals[i] = transform.MultiplyVector(normals[i]); Note: The input matrix converts from local to world space and is needed to combine multiple meshes together.

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• How can I gain access to a player instance in a Minecraft mod?

  - by Andrew Graber

  I'm creating Minecraft mod with a pickaxe that takes away experience when you break a block. The method for taking away experience from a player is addExperience on EntityPlayer, so I need to get an instance of EntityPlayer for the player using my pickaxe when the pickaxe breaks a block, so that I can remove the appropriate amount of experience. My pickaxe class currently looks like this: public class ExperiencePickaxe extends ItemPickaxe { public ExperiencePickaxe(int ItemID, EnumToolMaterial material){ super(ItemID, material); } public boolean onBlockDestroyed(ItemStack par1ItemStack, World par2World, int par3, int par4, int par5, int par6, EntityLiving par7EntityLiving) { if ((double)Block.blocksList[par3].getBlockHardness(par2World, par4, par5, par6) != 0.0D) { EntityPlayer e = new EntityPlayer(); // create an instance e.addExperience(-1); } return true; } } Obviously, I cannot actually create a new EntityPlayer since it is an abstract class. How can I get access to the player using my pickaxe?

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• Unity3D Android - Move your character to a specific x position

  - by user3666251

  Im making a new game for android and I wanted to move my character (which is a cube for now) to a specific x location (on top of a flying floor/ground thingy) but I've been having some troubles with it.I've been using this script : var jumpSpeed: float = 3.5; var distToGround: float; function Start(){ // get the distance to ground distToGround = collider.bounds.extents.y; } function IsGrounded(): boolean { return Physics.Raycast(transform.position, -Vector3.up, distToGround + 0.1); } function Update () { // Move the object to the right relative to the camera 1 unit/second. transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime); if (Input.anyKeyDown && IsGrounded()){ rigidbody.velocity.x = jumpSpeed; } } And this is the result (which is not what I want) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fj8B6eI4dbE&feature=youtu.be Anyone has any idea how to do this ? Im new in unity and scripting.Im using java btw. Ty.

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• SDL2 with OpenGL -- weird results, what's wrong?

  - by ber4444

  I'm porting an app to iOS, and therefore need to upgrade it to SDL2 from SDL1.2 (so far I'm testing it as an on OS X desktop app only). However, when running the code with SDL2, I'm getting weird results as shown on the second image below (the first image is how it looks with SDL, correctly). The single changeset that causes this is this one, do you see something obviously wrong there, or does SDL2 have some OpenGL nuances I'm unaware of? My SDL is based on changeset dd7e57847ea9 from HG (since then there is one "Allow specifying of OpenGL 3.2 Core Profile on Mac OS X" commit, not sure if that would help).

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• How to implement explosion in OpenGL?

  - by Chan

  I'm relatively new to OpenGL and I'm clueless how to implement explosion. So could anyone give me some ideas how to start? Suppose the explosion occurs at location $(x, y, z)$, then I'm thinking of randomly generate a collection of vectors with $(x, y, z)$ as origin, then draw some particle (glutSolidCube) which move along this vector for some period of time, says after 1000 updates, it disappear. Is this approach feasible? A minimal example would be greatly appreciated.

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• Particle System in XNA - cannot draw particle

  - by Dave Voyles

  I'm trying to implement a simple particle system in my XNA project. I'm going by RB Whitaker's tutorial, and it seems simple enough. I'm trying to draw particles within my menu screen. Below I've included the code which I think is applicable. I'm coming up with one error in my build, and it is stating that I need to create a new instance of the EmitterLocation from the particleEngine. When I hover over particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X, Mouse.GetState().Y); it states that particleEngine is returning a null value. What could be causing this? /// <summary> /// Base class for screens that contain a menu of options. The user can /// move up and down to select an entry, or cancel to back out of the screen. /// </summary> abstract class MenuScreen : GameScreen ParticleEngine particleEngine; public void LoadContent(ContentManager content) { if (content == null) { content = new ContentManager(ScreenManager.Game.Services, "Content"); } base.LoadContent(); List<Texture2D> textures = new List<Texture2D>(); textures.Add(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/circle")); textures.Add(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/star")); textures.Add(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/diamond")); particleEngine = new ParticleEngine(textures, new Vector2(400, 240)); } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime, bool otherScreenHasFocus, bool coveredByOtherScreen) { base.Update(gameTime, otherScreenHasFocus, coveredByOtherScreen); // Update each nested MenuEntry object. for (int i = 0; i < menuEntries.Count; i++) { bool isSelected = IsActive && (i == selectedEntry); menuEntries[i].Update(this, isSelected, gameTime); } particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X, Mouse.GetState().Y); particleEngine.Update(); } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { // make sure our entries are in the right place before we draw them UpdateMenuEntryLocations(); GraphicsDevice graphics = ScreenManager.GraphicsDevice; SpriteBatch spriteBatch = ScreenManager.SpriteBatch; SpriteFont font = ScreenManager.Font; spriteBatch.Begin(); // Draw stuff logic spriteBatch.End(); particleEngine.Draw(spriteBatch); }

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• How can I easily create cloud texture maps?

  - by EdwardTeach

  I am making 3d planets in my game; these will be viewed as "globes". Some of them will need cloud layers. I looked at various Blender tutorials for creating "earth", and for their cloud layers they use earth cloud maps from NASA. However I will be creating a fictional universe with many procedurally-generated planets. So I would like to use many variations. I'm hoping there's a way to procedurally generate cloud maps such as the NASA link. I will also need to create gas giants, so I will also need other kinds of cloud texture maps. If that is too difficult, I could fall back to creating several variations of cloud maps. For example, 3 for earth-like, 3 for gas giants, etc. So how do I statically create or programmatically generate such cloud maps?

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• How to make my simple round sprite look right in XNA

  - by Joshua Perina

  Ok, I'm very new to graphics programming (but not new to coding). I'm trying to load a simple image in XNA which I can do fine. It is a simple round circle which I made in photoshop. The problem is the edges show up rough when I draw it on the screen even with the exact size. The anti-aliasing is missing. I'm sure I'm missing something very simple: GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); // TODO: Add your drawing code here spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(circle, new Rectangle(10, 10, 10, 10), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); Couldn't post picture because I'm a first time poster. But my smooth png circle has rough edges. So I found that if I added: spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, BlendState.NonPremultiplied); I can get a smooth image when the image is the same size as the original png. But if I want to scale that image up or down then the rough edges return. How do I get XNA to smoothly resize my simple round image to a smaller size without getting the rough edges?

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• Render graphics using Doubles in Graphics2D

  - by thedeadlybutter

  Currently, I have a JFrame for my game to render in, and I'm using Graphics2D for drawing (The games graphics are fairly simple 2D sprites). However, my delta variable is a double, and all of the Graphics 2D methods (And Grpahics) use int. I tried to type cast the delta to an int, but it just rounds down to 0. So my question is, how can I render graphics using Graphics2D in Java with coordinates that are doubles. Can I convert it to work with Graphics2D if there is no built in way? Or, is there a graphics library that can support doubles for coordinates?

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• Position Reconstruction from Depth by inverting Perspective Projection

  - by user1294203

  I had some trouble reconstructing position from depth sampled from the depth buffer. I use the equivalent of gluPerspective in GLM. The code in GLM is: template GLM_FUNC_QUALIFIER detail::tmat4x4 perspective ( valType const & fovy, valType const & aspect, valType const & zNear, valType const & zFar ) { valType range = tan(radians(fovy / valType(2))) * zNear; valType left = -range * aspect; valType right = range * aspect; valType bottom = -range; valType top = range; detail::tmat4x4 Result(valType(0)); Result[0][0] = (valType(2) * zNear) / (right - left); Result[1][2] = (valType(2) * zNear) / (top - bottom); Result[2][3] = - (zFar + zNear) / (zFar - zNear); Result[2][4] = - valType(1); Result[3][5] = - (valType(2) * zFar * zNear) / (zFar - zNear); return Result; } There doesn't seem to be any errors in the code. So I tried to invert the projection, the formula for the z and w coordinates after projection are: and dividing z' with w' gives the post-projective depth (which lies in the depth buffer), so I need to solve for z, which finally gives: Now, the problem is I don't get the correct position (I have compared the one reconstructed with a rendered position). I then tried using the respective formula I get by doing the same for this Matrix. The corresponding formula is: For some reason, using the above formula gives me the correct position. I really don't understand why this is the case. Have I done something wrong? Could someone enlighten me please?

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