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  • Create option to load Ubuntu or Windows 7 at start-up

    - by AXK
    We have a new Dell Optiplex 790 desktop with Windows 7 and just installed Ubuntu 12.04 on it using a USB stick that was configured as a boot drive. We created a new partition for Ubuntu during installation using the partition editor that comes up during installation. Everything seems to have gone fine with the installation except that, unexpectedly, there is no option to boot up Ubuntu when the computer is started. We just start the computer and Windows starts up with no option to ever start Ubuntu. The only way we have gotten Ubuntu to start is by putting the USB stick used for installation back into the computer and having the computer boot from it. Then GRUB shows up and the Ubuntu OS that we installed starts up (rather than the live-CD version on the USB stick). Previous times we have installed Ubuntu, GRUB shows up when we start the computer and we can choose among the various OSes installed. Can anyone suggest what to do? We want to have the option to launch either Windows 7 or Ubuntu 12.04 when we start the computer, with the default being Windows 7. Right now there is no option and Windows 7 just starts the way it did before we installed Ubuntu. Note that if we hit F1 soon after starting the computer, we get some sort of Windows bootloader (not sure of exact name) but there is no option for Ubuntu; just Windows 7. Also note that if we hit the shift key soon after starting the computer, as some help pages have suggested, nothing happens (Windows 7 is loaded as usual). Thanks in advance!

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  • What "file system" is supported by Windows and Linux?

    - by Skiroid
    I'm setting up a media centre for my living room so that I'm able to watch downloaded films and TV shows on the big screen. The media centre is an old small computer which will have XBMCbuntu 12 installed on it. Right now, the media centre has a 300 GB HDD partitioned into two: 1) Ext4 50 GB (where I'll install the OS) 2) swap 6 GB (swap area) I'm wanting a third partition which I can store all my media on to. This partition will fill the rest of my HDD. Although, I'm stuck on which file system I should set it to. I need the file system to be fully compatible with Windows as I'm going to be removing the HDD from the media centre and plugging it into my main PC, running Windows 8, to transfer the media onto it. I can't transfer over Wi-Fi as the media centre won't be connected to the Internet. My options are: Ext4 journaling, Ext3 journaling, Ext2 journaling, ReiserFS journaling, btrfs journaling, JFS journaling, XFS journaling, FAT16 and FAT32. I know that FAT32 is compatible with Windows but it can only hold files that are 4 GB or less and my films are well over 4 GB. Some more than 10 GB. Is there a file system I can use which is supported by Linux and pops up under Computer in Windows?

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  • Banshee gapless playback does not work when playing mp3s

    - by ComputerGuy505
    Even though I have gapless playback enabled in Banshee's settings menu, there is a very short pause between songs. This might be due to the fact that my hard drive's partitions seem wierd. fdisk -l produces this output: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4a73c3cb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 409599 203776 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 409600 724153740 361872070+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 1456826368 1465145343 4159488 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda4 724154366 1456826367 366336001 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 1440159744 1456826367 8333312 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 724154368 1440159743 358002688 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order Playing mp3's from /dev/sda2 or /dev/sda6 produces this problem. I don't seem to have gapless playback on Rhythmbox or Clementine either, if those media players are supposed to have it. I'm not sure what other info to provide. This is just annoying to me. Thanks for any help.

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  • Installing 10.04 server on HP xw9400 Workstation with RAID 5

    - by Dave Long
    I have a workstation that was given to me that is a friggen powerhouse, so I figured I would set it up as my development and demo server. This is my first experience installing Ubuntu onto a RAID array and so far it has not been a fun one. I have been following the Advanced Installation guide for installing Ubuntu 10.04 server, and it says that there will be an option on the Partition Disks screen to manually create the partitions, but the only options I have are: Configure iSCSI volumes Undo changes to partitions Finish partitioning and write changes to disk Just before I got to that screen I got a message that said: One or more drives containing Serial ATA RAID configurations have been found. Do you wish to activate these RAID devices? It doesn't matter whether I answer yes or no to that, I still get the same Partition Disks screen. When I try to select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk I just get the No root file system error. Has anyone else experienced this, and how do I get past it? Can I not run Ubuntu on this machine?

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  • How to set an old view? [closed]

    - by xan
    Possible Duplicate: How to revert to GNOME Classic? is it possible to change general view in Ubuntu 12.04 so it was like in Ubuntu 10.04? I really liked old one and really don't like new one. Things that are annoying me: menu on the left with large icons lack of workspaces icons in right bottom corner lack of menu: Applications, Places, System in left top corner menu like: file | edit | view | help resize and red cross is available in all applications at the very top of the pulpit, unless at the very top of the application window I know it may sound crazy, but that's all me, don't like changes despite that I know they are often good. I would be very grateful for any help. I really want old view (exactly like here: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/UbuntuMaverickDesktop.png) back. By the way, if I installed Ubuntu 12.04 by WUBI from Windows level on separated partition, then what is the easiest way to uninstall it? Can I simply format this partition? I'm wondering because I don't know if it is safe, what about boot loader etc.

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  • How do I uninstall GRUB?

    - by ændrük
    A hard drive that I use only for data storage still has GRUB from past Ubuntu installations. How can I remove GRUB from it without harming the rest of the drive's data? Background I occasionally move the data drive between computers with various boot order configurations, so I would like it to be non-bootable in order to avoid having to accommodate it in each computer's BIOS settings. When I power on a computer while only the data drive is attached, the following appears: error: no such device: fdf38dd4-9e9d-479d-b830-2a6989958503. grub rescue> I can confirm from old backups of /etc/fstab that this was the UUID of a root partition that I recently reformatted and which no longer exists. Here's the the data drive's partition table and raw master boot record. Please note that I'm not interested in workarounds that don't answer my primary question. I can think of several ways to work around this issue, but it bothers me on principle that I don't know how to directly resolve it. Every installation procedure should have a counterpart uninstallation procedure.

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  • Win7 no longer available after installing 12.04

    - by Michael
    I have installed Ubuntu 12.04 but my Windows 7 partition seems to have been lost. It is in sda2. Can anyone help me how to get this Windows 7 partition back without having to reinstall Windows 7? Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd45cd45c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 61433855 30715904 83 Linux /dev/sda2 * 61433856 122873855 30720000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 122873856 976769023 426947584 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Disk /dev/sdb: 203.9 GB, 203928109056 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 24792 cylinders, total 398297088 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x03ee03ee Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 20482874 10241406 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdb2 20482875 40965749 10241437+ 1c Hidden W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdb3 40965750 398283479 178658865 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sdb5 40965813 76694309 17864248+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb6 76694373 108856439 16081033+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb7 108856503 398283479 144713488+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 129201 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000001 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 63 20480543 10240240+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc2 20480605 1953519119 966519257+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sdc5 20480607 1953519119 966519256+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

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  • Grub2 won't detect Ubuntu 11.10 OS after reinstalling Win XP hal.dll.

    - by yoopian
    Hi I'm an Ubuntu newbie here. I've installed ubuntu 11.10 to dual boot on a single HDD. I did a manual partition and basically forgot all the on what sda my /boot partition is. My installation worked out just fine and I tried to install updates with it. After a while I when I wanted to boot to windows it showed that I was missing a "hal.dll" file. I've fixed this problem using the windows resource CD but then after booting up my PC it went straight to Windows XP. I've tried to manually reinstall Grub2 using a Live CD/USB and it worked but I think I have installed in on a different "sda#" (sda5 to be exact) because even though Grub2 loads when I boot my PC, only windows XP shows up as my OS and Ubuntu 11.10 is missing. Now, I've tried installing boot-repair to solve my problems using Live CD/USB. Boot-repair tells me that boot configuration was successful but then a basic grub interface shows up (the black one with a command line grub showing up. Now I can't even boot to Windows XP. Any help would be really appreciated. BTW here's the notes from boot repair that I was asked to save: http://paste.ubuntu.com/890228/ As you can see there are boot files on sda5 and sda7. I think that's the core problem that I have right now. Thanks in advance!

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  • Ubuntu boots in read-only filesystem after upgrade!

    - by akatzbreaker
    I got a serious problem here: I recently upgraded to the Latest Version of Ubuntu. Now, I boot to my Ubuntu Partition, and I get a Low-Graphics error! I boot to a Recovery-Mode to see what the Problem is. Then, I try to Fix any Damaged Packages, to run fsck but nothing solved the Problem. Then, from the Recovery Menu, I open a Root Shell. I try to create a File and I understand that the Filesystem is Read-Only. Then, I run: mount -o remount,rw / and it Worked for that Terminal Session! When I go back to recovery, I select to resume Boot Normally but I get the Same Error! a I also tried to Boot to my Root Shell again, remount as Read-Write and Start Gnome from there. It Worked! (But the user is ROOT, and is quite Dangerous!) However, I can't do all this proccess at every boot! Any Solution? (Note that when I try to create a new File in my Ubuntu Partition from another OS, I don't get any Errors!)

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  • Installing ubuntu 12.04 on macbook pro9,2

    - by stariz77
    I seem to have tried all the various suggested methods for installing ubuntu on a mbp, but can't seem to get anything that works and was wondering if anyone has run into any new problems with the latest non-retina models? I have a core i7 in my macbook, and model identifier is MacBookPro9,2. I have partitioned my HD using disk utility and have 700gig free space ready for the install (I haven't removed OSX Lion, it is still there in a 50gig partition). Problem: I am just getting a blank screen with a blinking cursor (unresponsive) in the top left whenever I boot from the disk. I left it for 20 minutes and nothing ever happened. This was without any boot manager, just holding "c" on startup. Attempted remedies: I have downloaded the 64 ubuntu iso from their site 3 times now and burned 4 separate discs to rule out some kind of corruption or burn error. I burned one in OSX Lion 10.7.4 and 3 on my windows 7 pc. I tried holding "alt" instead and then navigating to the windows disc to boot. Same thing happens, blank blinking unresponsive cursor. I also tried going to the EFI disc which actually brings up a menu (after saying "error prefix is not set") asking if I want to install ubuntu, test for errors or partition. All three options lead me to an unresponsive blank screen (some without cursors). I downloaded and installed rEFIt and if I hold "alt" on startup a linux penguin (Boot Linux from CD) appears in my boot options, along with the apple boot, and two others that I'm not sure of: "Boot EFI\boto\bootx64.efi from" and "Boot Legacy OS from". The "Boot Linux from CD" just takes me to the blank blinking cursor screen; again, I left if for 10+ minutes and nothing. I heard that the detection of the graphics card might be a problem and that I need change to nomodeset, but I have tried pressing F6 in all of the boot menus listed above and no options appear. Does anyone have any other suggested routes or can you see what I might have done wrong?

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  • Boot process enter an infinite loop after installing Ubuntu 11.04 together with Windos 7 and XP

    - by Andreafc
    I have a new computer ACER Aspire X3960 which came with Widows 7 preinstalled. I made a new partition where I installed Windows XP and then I installed in new logical partitions (a Swap, a / and a /home partition) Ubuntu 11.04. At the end of the process, the computer enters the very first screen where it says "press DEL to enter BIOS setup, press F12 to enter BOOT options". After a few seconds, the screen goes blank, the computer beeps and then it presents the same screen again. It doesn't even ever go to the grub options of which operating system I want to start. It just loops there forever. I tried to fix the (eventually damaged) grub following these instructions (unfortunately in german) http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/GRUB_2/Reparatur from a LiveUSB, which I'm also using to post this question. Now I found here that someone asked for the results of the Boot Info Script. Here are mine (I hope I did right in trying to upload the file): http://paste.ubuntu.com/736032/ Can anybody help? Thank you very much. Andreafc

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  • Moving to New Machine... also upgrade to 64bit. What steps?

    - by Kendor
    I am about to move to a new Lenovo X201 from current X61. Current setup has separate \home, separate swap file, also separate \Data partition. Am currently running 10.04 32 bit. Am considering running 64 bit on new machine because I will now have 8 GB of RAM. And would like to also move to 10.10. Ideally I would like preserve as much of my current setup as possible... New machine has Win7 on it, but will blow that away, as I've made a clonezilla copy of it, and will use VirtualBox for when I need Windows. Can someone suggest a good step by step for me? I'm networked to a NAS and also have plenty of external USB storage in case I need intermediary steps. So do I set up new machine first with 64bit 10.10, with partition scheme I want? then rsnyc over \home from old machine (over write target home)? Do I need to upgrade the X61 first to 10.10?

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  • Deleted info in Boot folder

    - by user207984
    First off, I'm using Zorin 7 OS. So my Boot folder was too full to install any new updates, I used a tutorial I found somewhere on here to remove the unneeded linux-image files, and must of also deleted the latest one as well. Now when I attempt to boot I get error: no such partition. grub rescue> I used my MultiSystem USB to install (on a separate partition) a different Linux OS (Kali) and no longer get that error, however, it will ONLY give me the option to boot Kali Linux. Here's the biggest new problem though, I used the built in option of hard drive encryption for Zorin 7 when I initially installed it, so now when I attempt to explore it (to get all my saved data which is REALLY important to me), it asks me for password for encryption. However, the password says it in not recognized, and I know it's right, I had to type it in every single day. So I either need a way to restore my Zorin 7 boot files or GRUB or whatever, so I can boot it up... or I need to know how to fix my encryption problem to save all my info.

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  • Fail to boot after installation onto ASUS PC 1015PX

    - by strugglingbadly
    My new ASUS 1015PX has the usual Windows on the SDA1 partition - 100Gb, followed by SDA2 - 15Gb - as the recovery partition for Windows, and SDA3 with 183Gb for drive D:\ for windows. ASUS uses SDA4 - 19Mb for it's own use. 11.10 on an USB will load Ubuntu on a try basis and it seems OK, but every time I attempt an install, Ubuntu quickly shuts down and the restart process begins. This repeats endlessly. I've tried 10.04 Netbook Remix but that will not boot at all with the machine reporting - unknown keyword in config file gfxboot vesamenu.c32: not a COM32R image. I've gone through the above about 6 times each with the same results. I have also tried the above with the partitioning unchanged, and using gparted, with SDA3 formatted to ext4, windows D:\ reduced to 8Gb providing a 175Gb unallocated space - all to no avail. Further information: During my attempt to load 11.10, I notice that on the page which offers 3 options of loading, the first in the list includes the statement 'install INSIDE windows...' whereas the on line help shows 'install ALONGSIDE windows...'. (my caps for emphasis) I have double checked that I am using the correct download - not the install within windows option.

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  • No operating system found even when grub2 was reinstalled

    - by Cruzer
    I know there have been many variations on this question and have certainly tried to do my research. I don't really know what I'm doing so I would rather not take risks. I am trying to dual boot xubuntu and windows 7. I started out with xubuntu and just installed windows. Of course, the mbr got overwritten and windows didn't seem to recognize linux. So I booted to the live cd and rewrote the mbr. And of course, now I get the error "No Operating System Found" on startup. I have been following these tutorials to help me out. community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/245 unix.stackexchange.com/questions/96977/grub-wont-install ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2036730 Specifically, I ran these commands: # sdb2 is the partition with xubuntu sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt # sdb1 is my boot partition sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot # not sure what this does, but ran it anyway... for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done sudo chroot /mnt #once chrooted grub-install /dev/sdb update-grub here's a link to my gparted https://www.dropbox.com/s/zpbbzh9z7k1l3pj/gparted.png EDIT--- didn't realize that the drive letters are different in the picture than in my code (its sda in the pic instead of sdb). I have been restarting a lot and sometimes the drive letters change and make my usb into sda.

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  • Unable to start after 13.04 > 13.10 udate

    - by romainl
    At the end of the update process, clicking on the Restart button had no visible effect whatsoever. After waiting 5 to 10 minutes, I decided to reboot the computer manually. Since then, I rebooted a good dozen times (not with the hope that it would work but with the hope of reading the messages) with the same non-result and the same symptoms: I get the ASCII text-on-purple Ubuntu 13.10 . . . . splash screen with these messages: * Restoring resolver state... [OK] * Starting crash report submission daemon [OK] * Starting CUPS printing spooler/server [OK] Everything disappears. The whole process hangs at a purple screen with the mouse cursor right in the middle. At this point, I'm unable to use the mouse and the keyboard. Booting from a 12.04 CD works perfectly, Disk Utility says that all my disks are OK and I can mount my main partition without problems. Something obviously went wrong at the end of the upgrade but I have no idea what. I'd appreciate any pointer. This is the kind of moment where you really think "Next time, I'll separate my /home partition for sure". My machine is an aging but working Dell Inspiron 530 with an Intel Core Duo E2160 processor, 2 GHz of RAM and an ATI Radeon HD3650 video card. Thanks.

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  • Drive reporting incorrect free space

    - by Oli
    So I swapped my shiny SATA SSD for an even shinier PCI-E SSD. I run my core OS on the SSD because it's silly-fast. I did this on my old SSD so I created a new EXT4 partition and then just dded the data across (sorry I don't know the exact command I ran anymore) and after reinstalling grub, I booted onto the PCI-E SSD. At first glance everything had worked perfectly and things were running faster than ever. But then I noticed the free disk space on the new, larger drive: it was almost exactly the same as it was on the other disk... A disk that was half its size. So it looks as if I've copied the files across incorrectly and it's copied some of the filesystem metadata along with it. Tools like du and Disk Usage Analyzer come back with the correct figures. Things that look at the partition (and not the files) seem to think the drive is 120GB I've been using this drive for a week now so it's way out of sync with the old SSD so dumping the data and starting again isn't a job that fills me with joy but two questions: Is there a way to fix my filesystem so it knows what it's really on about? fsck e2fsck and badblocks all seem to be able to scan it without finding a problem with it. If I do plug my old SSD back in, copy the data off my PCI-E on to it and then copy it back onto a fresh filesystem (eg juggle the data around), what's the best way of doing that? I obviously want to keep all the permissions and softlinks where they are.

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  • no boot option after install ubuntu 12.04 LTS using cd

    - by utamaku
    im facing a problem. after installing Ubuntu 12.04 LTS using boot from CD, when reboot there is no boot option to choose the OS. i directly log in to my Windows 7. before this im having an issue with the 'nomodeset' if not mistaken. after tick [x] on the nomodeset, i can install my Ubuntu, and stuck again at choosing the partition. so i had done 2 partitions for ubuntu, 1 partition for ubuntu ( ext3, mount /) and the other 1 for swap. then i can proceed until finished the installation. and after the system want to reboot. it take some times and just stuck at the screen doing nothing. not rebooting at all. i force to shutdown then restart again then directly go into windows 7 without boot option. in win7 the partitions for ubuntu is gone. i had tried the boot-repair thing and still doesn't help. it just show up the _ (terminal thing i guess). i typed boot repair and still the same. im using acer aspire 4736z. please anybody help me with this issue.

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  • No boot option after installing Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on Acer Aspire 4736z with Live CD

    - by utamaku
    I am facing a problem. After installing Ubuntu 12.04 LTS using Live CD, at the reboot there is no boot option to choose the OS. I directly get logged into my Windows 7. Before that i was having an issue with the 'nomodeset' if not mistaken .After ticking [x] on the nomodeset, i can install my Ubuntu, but got stucked again at choosing the partition option. So i did 2 partitions for Ubuntu, 1 partition as ext3 for / and the other 1 for swap. Which enabled to proceed until the finished installation dialogue, and after that system wants to reboot .It takes some time and gets stuck at the screen doing nothing, doesn't reboot at all. I did forced shutdown then rebooted again which directly logs me in windows 7 without boot option. In win7 the partitions for Ubuntu is gone. I tried the boot-repair thing and it doesn't help .It just shows up the _ Blank Cursor (terminal thing i guess). I typed boot repair but still the same result. I am using Acer Aspire 4736z. Please somebody help me with this issue.

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  • How to join a Windows Domain and Map Network Drives?

    - by AgainstClint
    I just installed the current build for Ubuntu on a partition for my work computer. I am a novice when it comes to Linux/Ubuntu, which is why I installed it along side windows. I want to learn how to operate and use Ubuntu much more than I do now, so I figured installing it and trying to do day to day functions here would be a "Thrown into the pool with sharks" way to do it, and I like that way. I did however have a few questions: We are on a Domain in Windows, is there any way to join that domain using the Ubuntu partition? We Also have 16 mapped network drives. I don't actually need ALL of them mapped for Ubuntu, but is there a way to Map at least one of them to see/use here in Ubuntu. Outlook Corporate email, how can I sign in/use it while...well, you get the idea. As I said earlier, I am VERY new to Ubuntu, i've only played around with it a bit at home and never at the office. If you could simplify it down for me a bit, that would be great.

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  • Secure wipe of a hard drive using WinPE.

    - by Derek Meier
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} The wiping of a hard drive is typically seen as fairly trivial.  There are tons of applications out there that will do it for you.  Point àClickàGlobal-Thermo Nuclear War. However, these applications are typically expensive or unreliable.  Plus, if you have a laptop or lack a secondary computer to put the hard drive into – how on earth do you wipe it quickly and easily while still conforming to a 7 pass rule (this means that every possible bit on the hard drive is set to 0 and then to 1 seven times in a row)?  Yes, one pass should be enough – as turning every bit from a 1 to a zero will wipe the data from existence.  But, we’re dealing with tinfoil hat wearing types here people.  DOD standards dictate at least 3 passes, and typically 7 is the preferred amount.  I’m not going to argue about data recovery.  I have been told to use 7 passes, and so I will.  So say we all! Quite some time ago I used to make a BartPE XP-based boot cd for the original purpose of securely wiping data.  I loved BartPE and integrated so many plugins into my builds that I could do pretty much anything directly from CD.  Reset passwords, uninstall security updates, wipe drives, chkdsk, remove spyware, install Windows, etc.  However, with the newer multi-core systems and new chipsets coming out from vendors, I found that BartPE was rather difficult to keep up to date.  I have since switched to WinPE 3.0 (Windows Preinstallation Environment). http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc748933(WS.10).aspx  It is fairly simple to create your own CD, and I have made a few helpful scripts to easily integrate drivers and rebuild the ISO file for you.  I’ll cover making your own boot CD utilizing WinPE 3.0 in a later post – I can talk about WinPE forever and need to collect my thoughts!!  My wife loves talking about WinPE almost as much as talking about Doctor Who.  Wait, did I say loves?  Hmmmm, I may have meant loathes. The topic at hand?  Right. Wiping a drive! I must have drunk too much coffee this morning.  I like to use a simple batch script that calls a combination of diskpart.exe from Microsoft® and Sdelete.exe created by our friend Mark Russinovich. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897443.aspx All of the following files are located within the same directory on my WinPE boot CD. Here are the contents of wipe_me.bat, script.txt and sdelete.reg. Wipe_me.bat:   @echo off echo. echo     I will completely wipe the local hard drives using echo     7 individual wipes. The data will NOT echo     be recoverable.  I will begin after you pause echo. echo Preparing to partition and format disk. Diskpart.exe /s "script.txt" REM I was annoyed by not having a completely automated script – and Sdelete wants you to accept the license agreement. So, I added a registry file to skip doing that. regedit /S sdelete.reg rem sdelete options selected are: -p (passes) -c (zero free space) -s (recurse through subdirectories, if any) -z (clean free space) [drive letter] sdelete.exe -p 7 -c -s -z c: echo. echo Pass seven complete. echo. echo Wiping complete. Pause exit script.txt: list disk select disk 0 clean create partition primary select partition 1 active format FS=NTFS LABEL="New Volume" QUICK assign letter=c exit *Notes: This script assumes one local hard drive – change the script as you see fit for your environment.  The clean command will overwrite the master boot record and any hidden sector information – so be careful!   sdelete.reg: Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Sysinternals\SDelete] "EulaAccepted"=dword:00000001   With a combination of WinPE, sdelete.exe and your friendly neighborhood text editor you can begin wiping drives as quickly and easily as possible!  I hope this helps, I get asked this a lot in my line of work. Best of luck, Derek

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  • Windows 7 doesn't boot after Ubuntu install

    - by Omu
    I had windows 7 installed on my pc, then I installed Ubuntu 10.10/ During the installation process I have chosen to manually set my partitions: I set a 10GB drive for ubuntu root 1GB drive for swap and for boot drive I've chosen the one used by windows 7 Now I can boot ubuntu, I have the windows 7 option in the boot list, but when I choose Windows 7, it shows me a black screen for a second and returns back to boot screen. Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010 ============================= Boot Info Summary: ============================== = Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda sda1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Grub 2 Boot sector info: Grub 2 is installed in the boot sector of sda1 and looks at sector 304908237 of the same hard drive for core.img, but core.img can not be found at this location. No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe sda2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows XP Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: sda3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sda5: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 10.10 Boot files/dirs: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sda4: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: =========================== Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 62,894,474 62,894,412 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 62,894,478 291,579,749 228,685,272 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 291,579,811 309,157,937 17,578,127 5 Extended /dev/sda5 291,579,813 309,157,937 17,578,125 83 Linux /dev/sda4 309,159,936 312,580,095 3,420,160 82 Linux swap / Solaris blkid -c /dev/null: ____________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 1266BB2766BB0A8D ntfs /dev/sda2 BEDBF1147C76F703 ntfs DATA /dev/sda3: PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sda4 dd38226d-c7c9-4ae5-a726-6d18d34a22e4 swap /dev/sda5 e1dafd1c-f855-406b-8f9a-f9d527c70255 ext4 /dev/sda: PTTYPE="dos" ============================ "mount | grep ^/dev output: =========================== Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sda5 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) =========================== sda5/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set e1dafd1c-f855-406b-8f9a-f9d527c70255 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 load_video insmod gfxterm fi terminal_output gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set e1dafd1c-f855-406b-8f9a-f9d527c70255 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en insmod gettext if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-22-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set e1dafd1c-f855-406b-8f9a-f9d527c70255 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic root=UUID=e1dafd1c-f855-406b-8f9a-f9d527c70255 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-22-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set e1dafd1c-f855-406b-8f9a-f9d527c70255 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.35-22-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic root=UUID=e1dafd1c-f855-406b-8f9a-f9d527c70255 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set e1dafd1c-f855-406b-8f9a-f9d527c70255 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set e1dafd1c-f855-406b-8f9a-f9d527c70255 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 1266bb2766bb0a8d chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### =============================== sda5/etc/fstab: =============================== # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/sda5 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda4 during installation UUID=dd38226d-c7c9-4ae5-a726-6d18d34a22e4 none swap sw 0 0 =================== sda5: Location of files loaded by Grub: =================== 156.1GB: boot/grub/core.img 156.3GB: boot/grub/grub.cfg 149.9GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-22-generic 156.3GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic 149.9GB: initrd.img 156.3GB: vmlinuz

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  • Unable to boot: Missing Operating system

    - by Vivek S Panicker
    i had installed Ubuntu 11.10 along with the another Ubuntu 11.10 which already installed in my netbook. Later I formatted the partition I newly installed. Next time when I boot it went to Grub Rescue menu. I boot my system again with Ubuntu USB stick, Then I installed Boot repair package in USB and restored MBR and GRUB menu in hard disk. Now when I am restarting, I am getting a message Missing operating system, press any key to continue. Can somebody help me on this? Below is the output for sudo fdisk -l omitting empty partition (7) Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00058a60 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 204072287 102035120 83 Linux /dev/sda2 204072958 312580095 54253569 5 Extended /dev/sda5 310507520 312580095 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 308432896 310503423 1035264 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdb: 4006 MB, 4006608896 bytes 124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1017 cylinders, total 7825408 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004d3df Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 62 7818695 3909317 b W95 FAT32 Below is the output for sudo blkid /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop1: LABEL="casper-rw" UUID="533defb1-f073-254a-b46f-7ca0ac1f4e0c" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda1: LABEL="Ubuntu" UUID="6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="3a7f62d6-9c65-4d12-a3b6-5d62b9710f7d" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda6: UUID="274da115-cec2-4418-a1af-88fe921e3670" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="PENDRIVE" UUID="EC22-6BE4" TYPE="vfat" File /boot/grub/grub.cfg # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=10 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic root=UUID=6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic root=UUID=6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6a141040-3ba8-457a-9de5-ad06e6057084 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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  • CPU Usage in Very Large Coherence Clusters

    - by jpurdy
    When sizing Coherence installations, one of the complicating factors is that these installations (by their very nature) tend to be application-specific, with some being large, memory-intensive caches, with others acting as I/O-intensive transaction-processing platforms, and still others performing CPU-intensive calculations across the data grid. Regardless of the primary resource requirements, Coherence sizing calculations are inherently empirical, in that there are so many permutations that a simple spreadsheet approach to sizing is rarely optimal (though it can provide a good starting estimate). So we typically recommend measuring actual resource usage (primarily CPU cycles, network bandwidth and memory) at a given load, and then extrapolating from those measurements. Of course there may be multiple types of load, and these may have varying degrees of correlation -- for example, an increased request rate may drive up the number of objects "pinned" in memory at any point, but the increase may be less than linear if those objects are naturally shared by concurrent requests. But for most reasonably-designed applications, a linear resource model will be reasonably accurate for most levels of scale. However, at extreme scale, sizing becomes a bit more complicated as certain cluster management operations -- while very infrequent -- become increasingly critical. This is because certain operations do not naturally tend to scale out. In a small cluster, sizing is primarily driven by the request rate, required cache size, or other application-driven metrics. In larger clusters (e.g. those with hundreds of cluster members), certain infrastructure tasks become intensive, in particular those related to members joining and leaving the cluster, such as introducing new cluster members to the rest of the cluster, or publishing the location of partitions during rebalancing. These tasks have a strong tendency to require all updates to be routed via a single member for the sake of cluster stability and data integrity. Fortunately that member is dynamically assigned in Coherence, so it is not a single point of failure, but it may still become a single point of bottleneck (until the cluster finishes its reconfiguration, at which point this member will have a similar load to the rest of the members). The most common cause of scaling issues in large clusters is disabling multicast (by configuring well-known addresses, aka WKA). This obviously impacts network usage, but it also has a large impact on CPU usage, primarily since the senior member must directly communicate certain messages with every other cluster member, and this communication requires significant CPU time. In particular, the need to notify the rest of the cluster about membership changes and corresponding partition reassignments adds stress to the senior member. Given that portions of the network stack may tend to be single-threaded (both in Coherence and the underlying OS), this may be even more problematic on servers with poor single-threaded performance. As a result of this, some extremely large clusters may be configured with a smaller number of partitions than ideal. This results in the size of each partition being increased. When a cache server fails, the other servers will use their fractional backups to recover the state of that server (and take over responsibility for their backed-up portion of that state). The finest granularity of this recovery is a single partition, and the single service thread can not accept new requests during this recovery. Ordinarily, recovery is practically instantaneous (it is roughly equivalent to the time required to iterate over a set of backup backing map entries and move them to the primary backing map in the same JVM). But certain factors can increase this duration drastically (to several seconds): large partitions, sufficiently slow single-threaded CPU performance, many or expensive indexes to rebuild, etc. The solution of course is to mitigate each of those factors but in many cases this may be challenging. Larger clusters also lead to the temptation to place more load on the available hardware resources, spreading CPU resources thin. As an example, while we've long been aware of how garbage collection can cause significant pauses, it usually isn't viewed as a major consumer of CPU (in terms of overall system throughput). Typically, the use of a concurrent collector allows greater responsiveness by minimizing pause times, at the cost of reducing system throughput. However, at a recent engagement, we were forced to turn off the concurrent collector and use a traditional parallel "stop the world" collector to reduce CPU usage to an acceptable level. In summary, there are some less obvious factors that may result in excessive CPU consumption in a larger cluster, so it is even more critical to test at full scale, even though allocating sufficient hardware may often be much more difficult for these large clusters.

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