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  • Question about POP3 message termination octet

    - by user361633
    This is from the POP3 RFC. "Responses to certain commands are multi-line. In these cases, which are clearly indicated below, after sending the first line of the response and a CRLF, any additional lines are sent, each terminated by a CRLF pair. When all lines of the response have been sent, a final line is sent, consisting of a termination octet (decimal code 046, ".") and a CRLF pair. If any line of the multi-line response begins with the termination octet, the line is "byte-stuffed" by pre-pending the termination octet to that line of the response. Hence a multi-line response is terminated with the five octets "CRLF.CRLF". When examining a multi-line response, the client checks to see if the line begins with the termination octet. If so and if octets other than CRLF follow, the first octet of the line (the termination octet) is stripped away. If so and if CRLF immediately follows the termination character, then the response from the POP server is ended and the line containing ".CRLF" is not considered part of the multi-line response." Well, i have problem with this, for example gmail sometimes sends the termination octet and then in the NEXT LINE sends the CRLF pair. For example: "+OK blah blah" "blah blah." "\r\n" That's very rare, but it happens sometimes, so obviously i'm unable to determine the end of the message in such case, because i'm expecting a line that consists of '.\r\n'. Seriously, is Gmail violating the POP3 protocol or i'm doing something wrong? Also i have a second question, english is not my first language so i cannot understand that completely: "If any line of the multi-line response begins with the termination octet, the line is "byte-stuffed" by pre-pending the termination octet to that line of the response. Hence a multi-line response is terminated with the five octets "CRLF.CRLF"." When exactly CRLF.CRLF is used? Can someone gives me a simple example? The rfc says that is used when any line of the response begins with the termination octet. But i don't see any lines that starts with '.' in the messages that are terminated with CRLF.CRLF. I checked that. Maybe i don't understand something, that's why i'm asking.

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  • Why are so many new languages written for the Java VM?

    - by sdudo
    There are more and more programming languages (Scala, Clojure,...) coming out that are made for the Java VM and are therefore compatible with the Java Byte-Code. I'm beginning to ask myself: Why the Java VM? What makes it so powerful or popular that there are new programming languages, which seem gaining popularity too, created for it? Why don't they write a new VM for a new language?

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  • Best online resource to learn Python?

    - by Sreenath
    I am new to any scripting language. But, Still I worked on scripting a bit like tailoring other scripts to work for my purpose. For me, What is the best online resource to learn Python? Some Online Resources: http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html - Beginners http://diveintopython.org/ - Intermediate http://www.pythonchallenge.com/ - Expert Skills http://docs.python.org/ - collection of all knowledge Some more: A Byte of Python. Python 2.5 Quick Reference Python Side bar A Nice blog for beginners Think Python: An Introduction to Software Design

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  • Why do you have to mark a class with the attribute [serializable] ?

    - by Blankman
    Seeing as you can convert any document to a byte array and save it to disk, and then rebuild the file to its original form (as long as you have meta data for its filename etc.). Why do you have to mark a class with [Serializable] etc? Is that just the same idea, "meta data" type information so when you cast the object to its class things are mapped properly?

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  • filesize of large files in c

    - by endeavormac
    How can I get the filesize of a file in C when the filesize is greater than 4gb? ftell returns a 4 byte signed long, limiting it to two bytes. stat has a variable of type off_t which is also 4 bytes (not sure of sign), so at most it can tell me the size of a 4gb file. What if the file is larger than 4 gb?

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  • How do I get the file size of a large (> 4 GB) file?

    - by endeavormac
    How can I get the file size of a file in C when the file size is greater than 4gb? ftell returns a 4 byte signed long, limiting it to two bytes. stat has a variable of type off_t which is also 4 bytes (not sure of sign), so at most it can tell me the size of a 4gb file. What if the file is larger than 4 gb?

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  • Jumping into argv?

    - by jth
    Hi, I`am experimenting with shellcode and stumbled upon the nop-slide technique. I wrote a little tool that takes buffer-size as a parameter and constructs a buffer like this: [ NOP | SC | RET ], with NOP taking half of the buffer, followed by the shellcode and the rest filled with the (guessed) return address. Its very similar to the tool aleph1 described in his famous paper. My vulnerable test-app is the same as in his paper: int main(int argc, char **argv) { char little_array[512]; if(argc>1) strcpy(little_array,argv[1]); return 0; } I tested it and well, it works: jth@insecure:~/no_nx_no_aslr$ ./victim $(./exploit 604 0) $ exit But honestly, I have no idea why. Okay, the saved eip was overwritten as intended, but instead of jumping somewhere into the buffer, it jumped into argv, I think. gdb showed up the following addresses before strcpy() was called: (gdb) i f Stack level 0, frame at 0xbffff1f0: eip = 0x80483ed in main (victim.c:7); saved eip 0x154b56 source language c. Arglist at 0xbffff1e8, args: argc=2, argv=0xbffff294 Locals at 0xbffff1e8, Previous frame's sp is 0xbffff1f0 Saved registers: ebp at 0xbffff1e8, eip at 0xbffff1ec Address of little_array: (gdb) print &little_array[0] $1 = 0xbfffefe8 "\020" After strcpy(): (gdb) i f Stack level 0, frame at 0xbffff1f0: eip = 0x804840d in main (victim.c:10); saved eip 0xbffff458 source language c. Arglist at 0xbffff1e8, args: argc=-1073744808, argv=0xbffff458 Locals at 0xbffff1e8, Previous frame's sp is 0xbffff1f0 Saved registers: ebp at 0xbffff1e8, eip at 0xbffff1ec So, what happened here? I used a 604 byte buffer to overflow little_array, so he certainly overwrote saved ebp, saved eip and argc and also argv with the guessed address 0xbffff458. Then, after returning, EIP pointed at 0xbffff458. But little_buffer resides at 0xbfffefe8, that`s a difference of 1136 byte, so he certainly isn't executing little_array. I followed execution with the stepi command and well, at 0xbffff458 and onwards, he executes NOPs and reaches the shellcode. I'am not quite sure why this is happening. First of all, am I correct that he executes my shellcode in argv, not little_array? And where does the loader(?) place argv onto the stack? I thought it follows immediately after argc, but between argc and 0xbffff458, there is a gap of 620 bytes. How is it possible that he successfully "lands" in the NOP-Pad at Address 0xbffff458, which is way above the saved eip at 0xbffff1ec? Can someone clarify this? I have actually no idea why this is working. My test-machine is an Ubuntu 9.10 32-Bit Machine without ASLR. victim has an executable stack, set with execstack -s. Thanks in advance.

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  • warcraft3 packet infromation [closed]

    - by ajay009ajay
    Hello All, I have made a program which is fetching data from server to and game to server. I want to keep these record in my file. But my problem is this is not in good format that i can read easily. I am reading all data as "Byte" (from java). Can anybody explain header or data info of packet. so I can read it in human manner Huh thanks.

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  • Java: Detecting image formate - resize (scale) and save as JPEG

    - by BoDiE2003
    This is the code I have, it actually works, not perfectly but it does, the problem is that the resized thumbnails are not pasting on the white Drawn rectangle, breaking the images aspect ratio, here is the code, could someone suggest me a fix for it, please? Thank you import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.RenderingHints; import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; public class ImageScalerImageIoImpl implements ImageScaler { private static final String OUTPUT_FORMAT_ID = "jpeg"; // Re-scaling image public byte[] scaleImage(byte[] originalImage, int targetWidth, int targetHeight) { try { InputStream imageStream = new BufferedInputStream( new ByteArrayInputStream(originalImage)); Image image = (Image) ImageIO.read(imageStream); int thumbWidth = targetWidth; int thumbHeight = targetHeight; // Make sure the aspect ratio is maintained, so the image is not skewed double thumbRatio = (double)thumbWidth / (double)thumbHeight; int imageWidth = image.getWidth(null); int imageHeight = image.getHeight(null); double imageRatio = (double)imageWidth / (double)imageHeight; if (thumbRatio < imageRatio) { thumbHeight = (int)(thumbWidth / imageRatio); } else { thumbWidth = (int)(thumbHeight * imageRatio); } // Draw the scaled image BufferedImage thumbImage = new BufferedImage(thumbWidth, thumbHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); System.out.println("Thumb width Buffered: " + thumbWidth + " || Thumb height Buffered: " + thumbHeight); Graphics2D graphics2D = thumbImage.createGraphics(); // Use of BILNEAR filtering to enable smooth scaling graphics2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR); // graphics2D.drawImage(image, 0, 0, thumbWidth, thumbHeight, null); // White Background graphics2D.setPaint(Color.WHITE); graphics2D.fill(new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, targetWidth, targetHeight)); graphics2D.fillRect(0, 0, targetWidth, targetHeight); System.out.println("Target width: " + targetWidth + " || Target height: " + targetHeight); // insert the resized thumbnail between X and Y of the image graphics2D.drawImage(image, 0, 0, thumbWidth, thumbHeight, null); System.out.println("Thumb width: " + thumbWidth + " || Thumb height: " + thumbHeight); // Write the scaled image to the outputstream ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ImageIO.write(thumbImage, OUTPUT_FORMAT_ID, out); return out.toByteArray(); } catch (IOException ioe) { throw new ImageResizingException(ioe); } } }

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  • What am I doing wrong? (Simple Assembly Loop)

    - by sunnyohno
    It won't let me post the picture. Btw, Someone from Reddit.programming sent me over here. So thanks! TITLE MASM Template ; Description ; ; Revision date: INCLUDE Irvine32.inc .data myArray BYTE 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 .code main PROC call Clrscr mov esi, OFFSET myArray mov ecx, LENGTHOF myArray mov eax, 0 L1: add eax, [esi] inc esi loop L1 call WriteInt exit main ENDP END main Results in: -334881242

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  • XmlSerializer.Deserialize blocks over NetworkStream

    - by Luca
    I'm trying to sends XML serializable objects over a network stream. I've already used this on an UDP broadcast server, where it receive UDP messages from the local network. Here a snippet of the server side: while (mServiceStopFlag == false) { if (mSocket.Available > 0) { IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, DiscoveryPort); byte[] bData; // Receive discovery message bData = mSocket.Receive(ref ipEndPoint); // Handle discovery message HandleDiscoveryMessage(ipEndPoint.Address, bData); ... Instead this is the client side: IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Broadcast, DiscoveryPort); MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream(); byte[] bData; // Create broadcast UDP server mSocket = new UdpClient(); mSocket.EnableBroadcast = true; // Create datagram data foreach (NetService s in ctx.Services) XmlHelper.SerializeClass<NetService>(mStream, s); bData = mStream.GetBuffer(); // Notify the services while (mServiceStopFlag == false) { mSocket.Send(bData, (int)mStream.Length, ipEndPoint); Thread.Sleep(DefaultServiceLatency); } It works very fine. But now i'me trying to get the same result, but on a TcpClient socket, but the using directly an XMLSerializer instance: On server side: TcpClient sSocket = k.Key; ServiceContext sContext = k.Value; Message msg = new Message(); while (sSocket.Connected == true) { if (sSocket.Available > 0) { StreamReader tr = new StreamReader(sSocket.GetStream()); msg = (Message)mXmlSerialize.Deserialize(tr); // Handle message msg = sContext.Handler(msg); // Reply with another message if (msg != null) mXmlSerialize.Serialize(sSocket.GetStream(), msg); } else Thread.Sleep(40); } And on client side: NetworkStream mSocketStream; Message rMessage; // Network stream mSocketStream = mSocket.GetStream(); // Send the message mXmlSerialize.Serialize(mSocketStream, msg); // Receive the answer rMessage = (Message)mXmlSerialize.Deserialize(mSocketStream); return (rMessage); The data is sent (Available property is greater then 0), but the method XmlSerialize.Deserialize (which should deserialize the Message class) blocks. What am I missing?

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  • Read/Write Excel Files Directly To/From Memory

    - by Corey O.
    Several people have asked, in a roundabout way, but I have yet to see a workable solution. Is there any way to open an excel file from directly memory (like a byte[]) ? Likewise is there a way to write a file directly to memory? I am looking for solutions that will not involve the hard disk or juggling temporary files. Thanks in advance for any suggestions.

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  • FILE_NOT_FOUND when trying to open COM port C++

    - by Moutabreath
    I am trying to open a com port for reading and writing using C++ but I can't seem to pass the first stage of actually opening it. I get an INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE on the handle with GetLastError FILE_NOT_FOUND. I have searched around the web for a couple of days I'm fresh out of ideas. I have searched through all the questions regarding COM on this website too. I have scanned through the existing ports (or so I believe) to get the name of the port right. I also tried combinations of _T("COM1") with the slashes, without the slashes, with colon, without colon and without the _T I'm using windows 7 on 64 bit machine. this is the code i got I'll be glad for any input on this void SendToCom(char* data, int len) { DWORD cbNeeded = 0; DWORD dwPorts = 0; EnumPorts(NULL, 1, NULL, 0, &cbNeeded, &dwPorts); //What will be the return value BOOL bSuccess = FALSE; LPCSTR COM1 ; BYTE* pPorts = static_cast<BYTE*>(malloc(cbNeeded)); bSuccess = EnumPorts(NULL, 1, pPorts, cbNeeded, &cbNeeded, &dwPorts); if (bSuccess){ PORT_INFO_1* pPortInfo = reinterpret_cast<PORT_INFO_1*>(pPorts); for (DWORD i=0; i<dwPorts; i++) { //If it looks like "COMX" then size_t nLen = _tcslen(pPortInfo->pName); if (nLen > 3) { if ((_tcsnicmp(pPortInfo->pName, _T("COM"), 3) == 0) ){ COM1 =pPortInfo->pName; //COM1 ="\\\\.\\COM1"; HANDLE m_hCommPort = CreateFile( COM1 , GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, // access ( read and write) 0, // (share) 0:cannot share the COM port NULL, // security (None) OPEN_EXISTING, // creation : open_existing FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, // we want overlapped operation NULL // no templates file for COM port... ); if (m_hCommPort==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { DWORD err = GetLastError(); if (err == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) { MessageBox(hWnd,"ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND",NULL,MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE); } else if(err == ERROR_INVALID_NAME) { MessageBox(hWnd,"ERROR_INVALID_NAME",NULL,MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE); } else { MessageBox(hWnd,"unkown error",NULL,MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE); } } else{ WriteAndReadPort(m_hCommPort,data); } } pPortInfo++; } } } }

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  • How to Transfer Large File from MS Word Add-In (VBA) to Web Server?

    - by Ian Robinson
    Overview I have a Microsoft Word Add-In, written in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), that compresses a document and all of it's related contents (embedded media) into a zip archive. After creating the zip archive it then turns the file into a byte array and posts it to an ASMX web service. This mostly works. Issues The main issue I have is transferring large files to the web site. I can successfully upload a file that is around 40MB, but not one that is 140MB (timeout/general failure). A secondary issue is that building the byte array in the VBScript Word Add-In can fail by running out of memory on the client machine if the zip archive is too large. Potential Solutions I am considering the following options and am looking for feedback on either option or any other suggestions. Option One Opening a file stream on the client (MS Word VBA) and reading one "chunk" at a time and transmitting to ASMX web service which assembles the "chunks" into a file on the server. This has the benefit of not adding any additional dependencies or components to the application, I would only be modifying existing functionality. (Fewer dependencies is better as this solution should work in a variety of server environments and be relatively easy to set up.) Question: Are there examples of doing this or any recommended techniques (either on the client in VBA or in the web service in C#/VB.NET)? Option Two I understand WCF may provide a solution to the issue of transferring large files by "chunking" or streaming data. However, I am not very familiar with WCF, and am not sure what exactly it is capable of or if I can communicate with a WCF service from VBA. This has the downside of adding another dependency (.NET 3.0). But if using WCF is definitely a better solution I may not mind taking that dependency. Questions: Does WCF reliably support large file transfers of this nature? If so, what does this involve? Any resources or examples? Are you able to call a WCF service from VBA? Any examples?

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  • Character encoding issues?

    - by Santosh
    We had a a clob column in DB. Now when we extract this clob and try to display it (plain text not html), it prints junk some characters on html screen. The character when directly streamed to a file looks like ” (not the usual double quote on regular keyboard) One more observation: System.out.println("”".getBytes()[0]); prints -108. Why a character byte should be in negative range ? Is there any way to display it correctly on a html screen ?

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  • c# reflection: How can I invoke a method with an out parameter ?

    - by ldp615
    I want expose WebClient.DownloadDataInternal method like below: [ComVisible(true)] public class MyWebClient : WebClient { private MethodInfo _DownloadDataInternal; public MyWebClient() { _DownloadDataInternal = typeof(WebClient).GetMethod("DownloadDataInternal", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance); } public byte[] DownloadDataInternal(Uri address, out WebRequest request) { _DownloadDataInternal.Invoke(this, new object[] { address, out request }); } } WebClient.DownloadDataInternal has a out parameter, I don't know how to invoke it. Help!

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  • Why is the Objective-C Boolean data type defined as a signed char?

    - by EddieCatflap
    Something that has piqued my interest is Objective-C's BOOL type definition. Why is it defined as a signed char (which could cause unexpected behaviour if a value greater than 1 byte in length is assigned to it) rather than as an int, as C does (much less margin for error: a zero value is false, a non-zero value is true)? The only reason I can think of is the Objective-C designers micro-optimising storage because the char will use less memory than the int. Please can someone enlighten me?

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  • lock-free memory reclamation with 64bit pointers

    - by JDonner
    Herlihy and Shavit's book (The Art of Multiprocessor Programming) solution to memory reclamation uses Java's AtomicStampedReference<T>;. To write one in C++ for the x86_64 I imagine requires at least a 12 byte swap operation - 8 for a 64bit pointer and 4 for the int. Is there x86 hardware support for this and if not, any pointers on how to do wait-free memory reclamation without it?

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  • Webservice for uploading data: security considerations

    - by Philip Daubmeier
    Hi everyone! Im not sure about what authentification method I should use for my webservice. I've searched on SO, and found nothing that helped me. Preliminary Im building an application that uploads data from a local database to a server (running my webservice), where all records are merged and stored in a central database. I am currently binary serializing a DataTable, that holds a small fragment of the local database, where all uninteresting stuff is already filtered out. The byte[] (serialized DataTable), together with the userid and a hash of the users password is then uploaded to the webservice via SOAP. The application together with the webservice already work exactly like intended. The Problem The issue I am thinking about is now: What is if someone just sniffs the network traffic, 'steals' the users id and password hash to send his own SOAP message with modified data that corrupts my database? Options The approaches to solving that problem, I already thought of, are: Using ssl + certificates for establishing the connection: I dont really want to use ssl, I would prefer a simpler solution. After all, every information that is transfered to the webservice can be seen on the website later on. What I want to say is: there is no secret/financial/business-critical information, that has to be hidden. I think ssl would be sort of an overkill for that task. Encrypting the byte[]: I think that would be a performance killer, considering that the goal of the excercise was simply to authenticate the user. Hashing the users password together with the data: I kind of like the idea: Creating a checksum from the data, concatenating that checksum with the password-hash and hashing this whole thing again. That would assure the data was sent from this specific user, and the data wasnt modified. The actual question So, what do you think is the best approach in terms of meeting the following requirements? Rather simple solution (As it doesnt have to be super secure; no secret/business-critical information transfered) Easily implementable retrospectively (Dont want to write it all again :) ) Doesnt impact to much on performance What do you think of my prefered solution, the last one in the list above? Is there any alternative solution I didnt mention, that would fit better? You dont have to answer every question in detail. Just push me in the right direction. I very much appreciate every well-grounded opinion. Thanks in advance!

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