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• startup cassandra layout

  - by davidkomer

  We've got a relatively low-traffic site (~1K pageviews/day) hosted on a single server, and expect it to grow significantly over the next few years. I'm thinking of moving over to Rackspace CloudServer or EC2 and firing up 3 nodes (all on CentOS): 2 x Web (Apache) - with loadbalancer 1 x MySQL (for the Wordpress powered part) The question is where to put Cassandra right now... Should it sit on each Web node, or the MySQL node? My thought right now is to put it on Web nodes. It's my understanding that Cassandra has the benefits of fault-tolerance (i.e. if we take a node down, the site is still operational). So even with only 2 nodes, we'd have that benefit as opposed to just putting it on the MySQL node. Also, as we scale up and add another node, a cassandra instance can come along with it and the php can always run its queries on localhost. Is this a good idea?

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• I'll be setting up a dedicated web server at work soon, my first non hobby server - What should I know?

  - by Rogue Coder

  I've been running my own dedicated server running CentOS and a LAMP stack for 2-3 years now, but it's only been hosting my own websites which aren't super important. However, I will soon be setting up a Linux Webserver and Linux Database Server at work, and I'm wondering what are some important things I should be doing. It's an internal server only, so only people in the company can access it. Should I get a slave server for both of my servers for backups? If I do this, how many backups should I be keeping and how often should those backups be done? Right now on my current server I run a cron job nightly to backup my MySQL databases (Usually 40mb files once compressed), and bi-weekly cron jobs to backup my web root. I just store these files on my local computer via FTP. Also, for an internal server like this, should I look at using LightHTTPD or NginX to increase performance, or will Apache be fine?

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• How do you monitor a monitoring server?

  - by organicveggie

  So we run Groundworks (with Nagios) on CentOS to monitor our various servers and processes. I have it setup to automatically send emails and SMS texts when things reach a WARNING or CRITICAL state. Normally this works perfectly. However, twice we've had problems with Postfix on that server where Postfix decides to stop sending email. The most recent time lasted 4 days because none of us noticed. That leads me to a important question: how am I supposed to monitor my monitoring server?

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• How can I find the original un-changed configuration file to compare with the *.rpmnew file?

  - by User

  While upgrading from CentOS 5.7 to 5.8 I've received the following warnings: warning: /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config created as /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config.rpmnew warning: /etc/ssh/sshd_config created as /etc/ssh/sshd_config.rpmnew warning: /etc/odbcinst.ini created as /etc/odbcinst.ini.rpmnew (To know the reason for such files, and what one can do with them read - Why do I have .rpmnew file after an update? ) I want to know what exactly has been change in the default config file by comparing the old default file (the original un-changed configuration file) with the new default file (*.rpmnew). Then, I can apply the changes to my modified file (aka diff merge). The problem is I don't know where can I find the original un-changed configuration file...

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• Can I copy from vim to another window without +xterm-clipboard?

  - by GorillaSandwich

  I'm using Ubuntu and vim. I can copy text from vim and paste it into another window by highlighting it in vim, then middle-clicking in the other window. This works fine when I'm on my local machine. I can also copy into the system register by highlighting text and yanking to the system register. (For example, Shift-V JJ "+ y to go into linewise visual mode, highlight two lines, select the '+' register and yank.) It's then available to paste into other windows. However, if I ssh into my web host, I can't do either of these. (They use some flavor of Linux - I think it's CentOS.) In vim, if I type :version, my local version shows +xterm_clipboard, but the host's version shows -xterm_clipboard. I don't have sudo rights there. Is there any way to be able to copy from their vim without getting them to tinker with the installation?

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• Deleting slow on X11 emacs

  - by Malvolio

  I'm running GNU Emacs 21.4.1 on a (remote) remote Linux ((CentOS) box, using my MacBook as the X-server. Works fine, unless I try to delete a word, line, or region. Then it locks up for 30 seconds or so. It sounds like a minor thing, but you realize how often you do a delete when you have to stop for 30 seconds every time. My theory is that Emacs is trying to put the text in the X-server cut-and-paste buffer, which is trying to put it in the OSX cut-and-paste buffer and somewhere along the way, the process is blocked until it times out. (My only evidence for this theory is (a) copy-region behaves the same way and (b) deleted text doesn't show up in the buffer.) Any suggestions appreciated. Edit: (setq interprogram-cut-function nil) fixed me right up. Which makes perfect sense. Thanks, Trey.

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• Force '^C' to be printed when editing current prompt, then aborting it

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  This is the opposite of Prevent “^C” from being printed when aborting editing current prompt. I'm using Bash. When I'm editing the commandline in Bash, and I hit Control-C to abort the commandline, the '^C' character does not display. I would like to see this character. I tried commands like stty -ctlecho and stty ctlecho (which I borrowed from the other question), but this didn't work for me. This behavior seems to be true with my environment on Ubuntu, CentOS and MacOSX.

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• nslookup gives wrong ip for my domain

  - by Werulz

  I am having some problem in trying to setup DNS for my domain on my server. This tutorial normally works fine for me but when i tried to lookup my domain it gives the following output Server: 4.2.2.1 Address: 4.2.2.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: 119.100.79.64.in-addr.arpa name = server.leech4ever.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: The server and the address are wrong according to the tutorial Here is tutorial http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:rR7Z4YU4GI0J:www.broexperts.com/2012/03/linux-dns-bind-configuration-on-centos-6-2/+broexperts+bind&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=mu /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 64.79.100.119 server.leech4ever.com server /etc/resolve.conf search leech4ever.com nameserver 64.79.100.119 /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 4.2.2.1 nameserver 4.2.2.2 How to solve this problem guys.....The tutorial was flawless until i did a server restore

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• OpenVZ kernel panic

  - by GtoXic

  I recently installed OpenVZ on my VMWare box (To do some testing) and I get the following: https://www.dropbox.com/s/p38btkv5j84bvsh/Capture.JPG the GRUB config is as follows: # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 # initrd /initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title OpenVZ (2.6.32-042stab057.1) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-042stab057.1 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 sysfs.deprecated=1 initrd /initrd-2.6.32-042stab057.1.img title CentOS (2.6.18-238.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-238.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-238.el5.img

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• Forward request through IPTables

  - by Jeremy

  I have a server running CentOS with 50 IP addresses on it. I was looking to use it as a proxy server (not just HTTP), but can't find any examples on how to set up the IP Tables. I want to proxy into IP-X and have my request look like its coming from IP-X. I currently do this on squid, but we need to proxy more than just HTTP traffic. Here is an example of the squid config: acl users src 255.255.255.255 #Locked down IP address acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 # http access rules http_access deny !users http_access allow users http_reply_access deny !users http_reply_access allow users icp_access deny all #ip_addresses acl ip3 myip 10.1.1.3 tcp_outgoing_address 10.1.1.3 ip3 Do to IP restrictions I need access to IMAP, POP and SMTP through a proxy. I want to use the server I already pay for that has 50 IPs on it as the proxy server.

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• LXC Container Networking

  - by digitaladdictions

  I just started to experiment with LXC containers. I was able to create a container and start it up but I cannot get dhcp to assign the container an IP address. If I assign a static address the container can ping the host IP but not outside the host IP. The host is CentOS 6.5 and the guest is Ubuntu 14.04LTS. I used the template downloaded by lxc-create -t download -n cn-01 command. If I am trying to get an IP address on the same subnet as the host I don't believe I should need the IP tables rule for masquerading but I added it anyways. Same with IP forwarding. I compiled LXC by hand from the following source https://linuxcontainers.org/downloads/lxc-1.0.4.tar.gz Host Operating System Version #> cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final) #> uname -a Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jun 19 21:14:45 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Container Config #> cat /usr/local/var/lib/lxc/cn-01/config # Template used to create this container: /usr/local/share/lxc/templates/lxc-download # Parameters passed to the template: # For additional config options, please look at lxc.container.conf(5) # Distribution configuration lxc.include = /usr/local/share/lxc/config/ubuntu.common.conf lxc.arch = x86_64 # Container specific configuration lxc.rootfs = /usr/local/var/lib/lxc/cn-01/rootfs lxc.utsname = cn-01 # Network configuration lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.flags = up lxc.network.link = br0 LXC default.confu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:12:30:f2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:f #> cat /usr/local/etc/lxc/default.conf lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.link = br0 lxc.network.flags = up #> lxc-checkconfig Kernel configuration not found at /proc/config.gz; searching... Kernel configuration found at /boot/config-2.6.32-431.20.3.el6.x86_64 --- Namespaces --- Namespaces: enabled Utsname namespace: enabled Ipc namespace: enabled Pid namespace: enabled User namespace: enabled Network namespace: enabled Multiple /dev/pts instances: enabled --- Control groups --- Cgroup: enabled Cgroup namespace: enabled Cgroup device: enabled Cgroup sched: enabled Cgroup cpu account: enabled Cgroup memory controller: /usr/local/bin/lxc-checkconfig: line 103: [: too many arguments enabled Cgroup cpuset: enabled --- Misc --- Veth pair device: enabled Macvlan: enabled Vlan: enabled File capabilities: /usr/local/bin/lxc-checkconfig: line 118: [: -gt: unary operator expected Note : Before booting a new kernel, you can check its configuration usage : CONFIG=/path/to/config /usr/local/bin/lxc-checkconfig Network Config (HOST) #> cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 DEVICE=br0 TYPE=Bridge BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOT=yes #> cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Ethernet IPV6INIT=no USERCTL=no BRIDGE=br0 #> cat /etc/networks default 0.0.0.0 loopback 127.0.0.0 link-local 169.254.0.0 #> ip a s 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:12:30:f2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe12:30f2/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: pan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether 42:7e:43:b3:61:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 00:0c:29:12:30:f2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.60.70.121/24 brd 10.60.70.255 scope global br0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe12:30f2/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 12: vethT6BGL2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether fe:a1:69:af:50:17 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::fca1:69ff:feaf:5017/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #> brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.000c291230f2 no eth0 vethT6BGL2 pan0 8000.000000000000 no #> cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 1 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Fri Jul 11 15:11:36 2014 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [34:6287] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Fri Jul 11 15:11:36 2014 Network Config (Container) #> cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp #> ip a s 11: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 02:69:fb:42:ee:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::69:fbff:fe42:eed7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 13: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

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• PPTP: Linux clients unreachable

  - by Bahman

  I have setup a PPTP server on a CentOS 6 box. Several clients (Windows and Linux) connect to this server. All clients use the same subnet. All clients (Win or Lin) can surf the Internet using the VPN successfully. Windows clients can ping any other Windows client (XP/Vista/7) connected to VPN. Linux clients (KVPNC) can ping any Windows client (XP/Vista/7) connected to VPN. So far so good. But there's this weird problem and I've been trying to figure it out with no luck: No client can ping (reach) a Linux client (successfully) connected to VPN. And yes, the firewall is completely disabled. I'd really appreciate any hint/idea. TIA, EDIT: The ultimate goal of this is to share services across the VPN, like accessing a HTTPD running on a Linux box from a Windows client.

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• Vmware Fusion 5 Port Forwarding

  - by Snap Shot

  I have a service (a node.js express app) running on port 3000 in a CentOS 6.3 guest that I would like to access in a web browser on my Mac Mountain Lion host using VMware Fusion 5 Professional. I am having trouble finding any information about how to do this. I believe I would like to forward the port but I cannot find any information about this using either the GUI or by modifying configuration files. In earlier versions it looks like you might have modified a file called nat.conf but that does not seem to apply to Fusion 5. Has anyone successfully done this? Thank you.

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• Getting BootMgr not found errors repeatedly on Win7 x64

  - by abszero

  So here is the basic configuration of the box: Primary RAID 1 (Mirror, Bootable): 2x 300GB WD SATA drives AMD Phenom Quad Core x64 @2.2 ASUS M3N78 Pro Board 4GB RAM Win 7 Ultimate Additionally, this box is a Host OS for several CentOS Boxes via VirtualBox. The box runs like a champ but, for whatever reason, everytime I restart the machine I get a BootMgr not found error when the box tries to boot. I pop in my Win DVD, select 'Repair Windows' then 'Fix Start Up Problems' and everything works fine...once. When I restart the box again I have to go back through this process. Any ideas on what is going on?

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• How to generate new CSRs for TLS use in sendmail?

  - by Mikey B

  SendMail 8.13.8 | CentOS 5.x Hi Guys, I'm using ca-signed TLS certificates on my sendmail server and they are up for renewal soon. Our new CA doesn't like our old CSR so I need to generate a new CSR. Can someone point me to the procedure for doing this (without affecting the production certs that are already in use)? I'm paranoid of overwriting the old TLS certs in the process of generating a CSR. Most of the instructions I've found are for implementing self-signed TLS certs -- which isn't an option for me at this time. I'm thinking it would something like: openssl req -new -nodes -out new-tls.csr -keyout new-tls-private.key But I wasn't sure if I was missing some options there such as the -x509 option... -M

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• configuring default PYTHONPATH

  - by Shan

  I have Django application and few Django commands that I would execute through cronjobs on CentOS 5. Recently I updated my python-setuptools package, which in-turn update python-devel packages. After performing this update, the default PYTHONPATH settings for the Django commands executed through cronjob are different from the Django application which I execute from shell. Because of this mismatch my old Django cronjobs fail since the required libraries are not in path. How do I resolve this issue and ensure that both the cronjob Django commands and the Django application have the same environment?

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• Using Hamachi VPN to connect to Linux VM at home

  - by Cameron Verotti

  I have a CentOS 5.10 Linux box at home running on VMWare, with Windows 2008 as the host. I have set up a Hamachi VPN so that I can connect to the Host server from work, I attempted to add a second VNIC to the VM and bridged it to the hamachi Network Interface. I spun up the VM and checked eth1 with ifconfig and its throwing me a ipv6 address not a ipv4. I want to hook this VM up so that I can run a ssh command from work to the VM. MY network at home is all on Local 198.168.. hence the need to make a VPN network like Hamachi. I cannot seem to find anything that tells me or helps me with tunneling my Linux VM via Hamachi. Any help would be fantastic!

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• Most secure way to have IPtables auto-loaded using Debian / Linux

  - by networkIT

  I'd like to know the safest way to load iptables using Debian. Of course, I can use a script that uses iptables-restore : #!/bin/sh iptables-restore < /etc/firewall.conf but : 1) where is the safest place to have it loaded ? /etc/network/if-up.d ? I'm concerned about the script being loaded early enough at boot time, and reliably enough when plugging/unplugging interfaces ... 2) is this script method using iptables-restore the most secure way ? 3) additionnally, how much does the answer validity stretch to other Linux distros ( Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS ) ? Thanks ^^

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• How to make a non-root user to use chown for any user group files?

  - by user1877716

  I would like to make a user super powerful, with almost all root rights but unable to touch a the root user (to change the password of the root). My goal is to user "B" to manage my web server. The problem is user B need to able to run the chown and chmod commands on some files belonging to other users. I tried to put B in root group or use visudo, but it's not enough. I'm working an Centos 6 system. If some body have ideas!

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• How to troubleshoot if a zip file is valid or if it is big file size to be unzipped ?

  - by mireille raad

  Hello , I am trying to unzip a file with the size of 2GB I am getting the following error : unzip CLTE_C_08.zip Archive: CLTE_C_08.zip End-of-central-directory signature not found. Either this file is not a zipfile, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive. In the latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on the last disk(s) of this archive. unzip: cannot find zipfile directory in one of CLTE_C_08.zip or CLTE_C_08.zip.zip, and cannot find CLTE_C_08.zip.ZIP, period. After some googling, some people say that this error is because the file is too big, others say because file is corrupt, others say that it could be a not unix archive. So my question , how to find out if file is valid archive file on my Centos and what is the command/trick to uncompress big files ( if any ) Thanks in advance :)

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• How do I get PHP to work with UserDir

  - by Callmeed

  I've got a fresh CentOS 5.5 box and have installed Webmin+VirtualMin 3.79. I've enabled UserDir in apache and the sites are visible via http://ipaddress/~user/ but PHP does not work. (PHP works fine if I visit the site via it's domain) Here's what I put in my httpd.conf to get where I'm at: <IfModule mod_userdir.c> UserDir public_html </IfModule> <Directory /home/*/public_html> Options -Indexes +IncludesNOEXEC +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI allow from all AllowOverride All AddHandler fcgid-script .php AddHandler fcgid-script .php5 </Directory> When I try to hit a PHP file, I get a 500 error and the following is logged to /var/log/httpd/error_log: suexec failure: could not open log file fopen: Permission denied Any help/direction is appreciated.

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• unexpected behaviour of Ctrl-a x and Ctrl-a X in screen?! regions, locking

  - by gojira

  According to the screen manual (version 4.0.2.) C-a x C-a C-x (lockscreen) Lock this terminal. C-a X (remove) Kill the current region. But what actually happens when I use it (Screen version 4.00.03 (FAU) 23-Oct-06): C-a X locks the terminal and asks me for the password. When I enter the correct passwword, I am back in screen but the region is killed (wtf) C-a x does nothing apparently Please note the differences between x (lowercase) and X (uppercase). Why is there a mixup between the functionalities of C-a X and C-a x? How can I fix this? I am on CentOS release 5 (Final).

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• Apache user owns git project root, with git-http-backend setup, but still having permissions problems

  - by Luke

  I've setup git-http-backend on my vps server (CentOS), under one of its users. The apache user owns the git project root directory - /home/theuser/git/, as below: drwxrwxr-x 3 apache apache The apache user also owns everything inside that directory. But I'm still getting the following error in git when trying to push: error: unpack failed: unpack-objects abnormal exit The apache error log shows the following error: error: insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database ./objects I've tried every combination of user permissions and enabled read/write access, but not getting anywhere. Should the git user own this folder? Can someone explain exactly what user should own this folder, or what steps I might take to fix this problem?

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• Fresh Apache install can't be connected to

  - by Wayne M

  I've got to be missing something here. I have a brand new CentOS server with a LAMP install on it. My domain host (GoDaddy) has the server's IP address configured as the "A Record". Since the server will host subdomains I have enabled NameVirtualHost and set up a virtual host pointing to the web app on the server. I haven't touched anything else in Apache, and it's listening on Port 80 like it should be. However, I can't connect to the server either by DNS or by IP address. I've set up several servers exactly like this one and never run into this before. What could be causing this? Did someone on the host set up a firewall or something that blocks port 80? As I said, I can't connect to the server via anything, but it's a barebones box with LAMP installed on it.

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• What should a hosting company do to prepare for IPv6?

  - by Josh

  At the time of writing The IPv4 Depletion Site estimates there are 300 days remaining before all IPv4 addresses have been allocated. I've been following the depletion of IPv4 addresses for some time and realize the "crisis" has been going on for many years and IPv4 addresses have lasted longer than expected, however... As the systems administrator for a small SaaS / website hosting company, what steps should I be taking to prepare for IPv6? We run a handful of CentOS and Ubuntu Linux systems on managed hardware in a remote datacenter. All our servers have IPv6 addresses but they appear to be link local addresses. Our primary business function is website hosting on a proprietary website CMS system. One of my concerns is SSL certificates; at the moment every customer with an SSL certificate gets a dedicated IPv4 IP address. What else should I be concerned about / what action should I take to be prepared for IPv4 depletion?

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