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• How much memory is reserved when i declare a string?

  - by Bhagya

  What exactly happens, in terms of memory, when i declare something like: char arr[4]; How many bytes are reserved for arr? How is null string accommodated when I 'strcpy' a string of length 4 in arr? I was writing a socket program, and when I tried to suffix NULL at arr[4] (i.e. the 5th memory location), I ended up replacing the values of some other variables of the program (overflow) and got into a big time mess. Any descriptions of how compilers (gcc is what I used) manage memory?

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• Which of FILE* or ifstream has better memory usage?

  - by Viet

  I need to read fixed number of bytes from files, whose sizes are around 50MB. To be more precise, read a frame from YUV 4:2:0 CIF/QCIF files (~25KB to ~100KB per frame). Not very huge number but I don't want whole file to be in the memory. I'm using C++, in such a case, which of FILE* or ifstream has better (less/minimal) memory usage? Please kindly advise. Thanks! EDIT: I read fixed number of bytes: 25KB or 100KB (depending on QCIF/CIF format). The reading is in binary mode and forward-only. No seeking needed. No writing needed, only reading. EDIT: If identifying better of them is hard, which one does not require loading the whole file into memory?

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• How to protect against GHC7 compiled programs taking all memory?

  - by Petr Pudlák

  When playing with various algorithms in Haskell it often happens to me that I create a program with a memory leak, as it often happens with lazy evaluation. The program taking all the memory isn't really fun, I often have difficulty killing it if I realize it too late. When using GHC6 I simply had export GHCRTS='-M384m' in my .bashrc. But in GHC7 they added a security measure that unless a program is compiled with -rtsopts, it simply fails when it is given any RTS option either on a command line argument or in GHCRTS. Unfortunately, almost no Haskell programs are compiled with this flag, so setting this variable makes everything to fail (as I discovered in After upgrading to GHC7, all programs suddenly fail saying "Most RTS options are disabled. Link with -rtsopts to enable them."). Any ideas how to make any use of GHCRTS with GHC7, or another convenient way how to prevent my programs taking all memory?

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• Which is faster in memory, ints or chars? And file-mapping or chunk reading?

  - by Nick

  Okay, so I've written a (rather unoptimized) program before to encode images to JPEGs, however, now I am working with MPEG-2 transport streams and the H.264 encoded video within them. Before I dive into programming all of this, I am curious what the fastest way to deal with the actual file is. Currently I am file-mapping the .mts file into memory to work on it, although I am not sure if it would be faster to (for example) read 100 MB of the file into memory in chunks and deal with it that way. These files require a lot of bit-shifting and such to read flags, so I am wondering that when I reference some of the memory if it is faster to read 4 bytes at once as an integer or 1 byte as a character. I thought I read somewhere that x86 processors are optimized to a 4-byte granularity, but I'm not sure if this is true... Thanks!

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• using arrays to get best memory alignment and cache use, is it necessary?

  - by Alberto Toglia

  I'm all about performance these days cause I'm developing my first game engine. I'm no c++ expert but after some research I discovered the importance of the cache and the memory alignment. Basically what I found is that it is recommended to have memory well aligned specially if you need to access them together, for example in a loop. Now, In my project I'm doing my Game Object Manager, and I was thinking to have an array of GameObjects references. meaning I would have the actual memory of my objects one after the other. static const size_t MaxNumberGameObjects = 20; GameObject mGameObjects[MaxNumberGameObjects]; But, as I will be having a list of components per object -Component based design- (Mesh, RigidBody, Transformation, etc), will I be gaining something with the array at all? Anyway, I have seen some people just using a simple std::map for storing game objects. So what do you guys think? Am I better off using a pure component model?

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• Under Windows CE, how can I check which RAM based DLLs are loaded in virtual memory space?

  - by Michal Drozdowicz

  I have a problem with loading a DLL under Windows Mobile 5.0. I'm pretty confident that this is caused by running out of the application virtual memory (the 32 MB slot of the process, as explained in Windows CE .NET Advanced Memory Management). I'm looking for a way to actually make sure that this is the issue and investigate whether my efforts bring expected results. Do you know of a way to check the contents of the virtual memory application slot? Any applications that can help me with this task?

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• Why and How to avoid Event Handler memory leaks ?

  - by gillyb

  Hey There, I just came to realize, by reading some questions and answers on StackOverflow, that adding event handlers using += in C# (or i guess, other .net languages) can cause common memory leaks... I have used event handlers like this in the past many times, and never realized that they can cause, or have caused, memory leaks in my applications. How does this work (meaning, why does this actually cause a memory leak) ? How can I fix this problem ? Is using -= to the same event handler enough ? Are there common design patterns or best practices for handling situations like this ? Example : How am I supposed to handle an application that has many different threads, using many different event handlers to raise several events on the UI ? Are there any good and simple ways to monitor this efficiently in an already built big application ? Thanks in advance!

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• Shared memory of same DLL in different 32 bit processes is sometimes different in a terminal session

  - by KBrusing

  We have an 32 bit application consisting of some processes. They communicate with shared memory of a DLL used by every process. Shared memory is build with global variables in C++ by "#pragma data_seg ("Shared")". When running this application sometime during starting a new process in addition to an existing (first) process we observe that the shared memory of both processes is not the same. All new started processes cannot communicate with the first process. After stopping all of our processes and restarting the application (with some processes) everything works fine. But sometime or other after successfully starting and finishing new processes the problem occurs again. Running on all other Windows versions or terminal sessions on Windows server 2003 our application never got this problem. Is there any new "feature" on Windows server 2008 that might disturb the hamony of our application?

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• How to manage memory for ios with large csv files?

  - by Pell000

  I'm new to ios development, and I'm running into issues relating to memory management and my approaches to dealing with large datasets. Right now, I am loading the csv files and storing the relevant data as objects in memory at app initialization. Some of the csv files are larger than 1MB, and in total, my app uses about 180MB of memory. This is obviously way too high of a number (unless the info I found is wrong and this is an acceptable number, then please let me know). I feel as though there is a fundamental flaw in my approach: is there a way I can avoid storing the csv files in the project itself? Or, is there a kind of "lazy" loading I can do so that I can simply look up info in the csv file, as opposed to loading all of the data from it at once? Any help would do. I think that I need a new perspective in how to manage this more efficiently.

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• How to add NT Virtual Machine\Virtual Machines to GPO

  - by Nicola Cassolato

  I have a Windows 2012 Server with Hyper-V enabled and a few virtual machines. My current configuration has a few account in the "Log on as a service" list in the domain policies, and sometimes this prevent my virtual machines from starting (I get this error: 'Error 0x80070569 ('VM_NAME' failed to start worker process: Logon Failure: The user has not been granted the requested logon type at this computer.') As described in this KB I would like to add NT Virtual Machine\Virtual Machines to my "Log on as a service" list to resolve my problem. My problem is that when I try to add that user to my domain policy I get an error message: "The following account could not be validated". My domain controller obviously doesn't know about that user since it's not an Hyper-V enabled server. How can I add that account to my Domain Policies?

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• Vmconnect.exe on Windows7

  - by Xiuhtecuhtli

  I running Windows Server 2008 w/Hyper-V. The Network properly works and I can access the VM's From a Hyper-V enabled 2008 Machine. No problems there. BUT... I want to be able to connect to my Guest Machines from my Windows7 Pro Laptop. I was hoping it would be simular to copy/pasting VMCONNECT.EXE to my sys32 folder. But.. It Failed saying i did not have the proper feature installed. My Question to the Guru's of SuperUser, Is their a way to run VMCONNECT.EXE from a Windows7 client?

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• MMC and Server Manager Authentication Errors - Access Denied

  - by Vazgen

  I'm trying to connect remotely from my Windows 8 client to manage my Hyper-V Server 2012. I have done everything I can find to configure remote management of the server including: Added a net user on server Enabled anonymous dcom access on server and client Added firewall rules for "Windows Firewall Remote Management" and "Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)" on server Added firewall exception on server for client IP Added cmdkey on client Added server to TrustedHost list on client Added LocalAccountTokenFilter policy registry entry on server Added client IP to server's host file Added server IP to client's host file I cannot believe I am still getting these errors. What's even more strange is that I can connect in Hyper-V Manager and create VM's but not in MMC and Server Manager. I also get Access Denied trying to Open the Authorization Store on my server from my client using Authorization Manager. I'm providing all the errors because I have a feeling they root from the same problem. Does anybody see anything I missed?

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• How to enable remote device manager?

  - by Petoj

  I have a hyper-v-server-2012-r2 Core server thats not joined to any domain. What configuration must i do on the server and client to connect with MMC \ Device Manager? I have managed to connect with the Computer Management to the server and i can access every thing in there but the device manager (and a few more that im not interested in)... When i click the Device manager i get the following error: I have checked and both services are running.. If possible i would like a step by step guide what to do on a freshly installed Hyper-v Core server to get every thing in Computer Management remotely accessible including Device Manager.

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• Connectivity good between VMs, but no connectivity between host and VM

  - by Greg Sansom

  I have a strange situation where connectivity (ie ping, access shared folders and services) is fine between virtual machines, but not between the host and the virtuals. I've been using Hyper-V almost every day for years and have never had a problem like this. Note the following: The host machine and all virtuals are running Windows Server 2008 r1. All machines can connect to the web, and the gateway router. Subnet mask and gateway reported in ipconfig are identical for all machines. I can access virtuals via the Hyper-V snap-in only. Doea anyone have suggestions about what might be wrong, or what diagnostic steps I can take?

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• How to interpret output from Linux 'top' command?

  - by Ali

  Following a discussion made HERE about how PHP-FPM consuming memory, I just found a problem in reading the memory in top command. Here is a screenshot of my top just after restarting PHP-FPM. Everything is normal: about 20 PHP-FPM processes, each consuming 5.5MB memory (0.3% of total). Here is the aged server right before restart of PHP-FPM (one day after the previous restart). Here, we still have about 25 PHP-FPM with double memory usage (10MB indicating 0.5% of total). Thus, the total memory used should be 600-700 MB. Then, why 1.6GB memory has been used?

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• 'Memory read error',Sever hardware error?

  - by wss8848

  hello I got a error about my server which is running CentOS5.5. MCE 20 HARDWARE ERROR. This is *NOT* a software problem! Please contact your hardware vendor CPU 1 BANK 8 TSC 6ab9ff9745f62 [at 2394 Mhz 9 days 1:50:52 uptime (unreliable)] MISC cf36ad0100081186 ADDR 203376500 MCG status: MCi status: MCi_MISC register valid MCi_ADDR register valid MCA: MEMORY CONTROLLER RD_CHANNELunspecified_ERR Transaction: Memory read error STATUS 8c0000400001009f MCGSTATUS 0 what is the matter? is memory card error or memory controller error?

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• Install Windows Server 2008 Core on a Dell Optiplex 790

  - by Alex Marshall

  Does anybody have experience installing Windows Server 2008 Core on a Dell Optiplex 790? When I connect to the machine with the Hyper-V Manager Administrator snap-in, and try to create and run a virtual machine, I get the error "The Virtual Machine could not be started because the hypervisor is not running". I've disabled the Execute Disable functionality in the BIOS as was requried for other Dell models, but no matter what combination of security and virtualization settings I use on the machine, I can't get this working. EDIT: I've installed Windows Server 2008 Core on a Dell Optiplex 790, and I'm trying to install and setup a guest VM on the Hypervisor EDIT 2: The Hyper-V role is installed and configured, without any errors in the event log. Hardware-assisted virtualization is also enabled.

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• Best practice? Using DPM to backup VMs within each VM or through the host?

  - by andrew

  We've got two Hyper-V hosts running multiple VMs (all flavors of Windows Servers). One of the VMs is running MS Data Protection Manager 2010, which runs beautifully (most of the time) and is connected to a separate NAS via iSCSI for the DPM storage. I noticed when I installed the DPM agent on the Hyper-V hosts, it enumerates the VMs in the DPM Protection listing. I don't want to burn through my storage space too fast with duplicate protection, so I was wondering: Is it recommended to back up VMs through the host, or is it better to install the DPM agent on each VM and backup as I would any other machine? It would seem as though most people (currently including me) do it the second way, but is there any advantage to including the entries under HyperV (Backup using Child Partition Snapshop)?

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• Apache consuming large memory with Apache Mobile Filter

  - by VarunGupta

  I installed and configured Apache Mobile Filter module for Apache to redirect users to mobile version of our website, depending on their user agents. I configured the module to use WURFL. But as soon as I start Apache it hogs a large amount of memory (without any in-coming web requests): Resident Memory: 300 to 400 MB Virtual Memory: 300 to 650 MB Without this module, Apache was consuming much lesser memory (4 to 10 MB). What could be the reason here?

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• WSUS setup on ADS Domain Controller VM

  - by NickC

  How should I setup sharing/directory permissions to allow the following to work: VMHost - Hyper-V partition (not part of domain) ADServer - Active Directory Domain Controller running as guest VM on VMHost \VMHost\Updates disk share for WSUS to put the updates and other local files Problem is what permissions do I need to give to \VMHost\Updates to allow WSUS to work with this directory to avoid "The WSUS content directory is not accessible" error which I am currently seeing. As far as I can tell WSUS runs as "domain/Network Service" account. Question is without adding VMHost to the domain how do I give that user appropriate permissions to this directory? Is there a way that VMHost can be told to trust ADServer and then be able to use users accounts from there? Sort of relates to my other post here: Win 2012 Domain controller VM, should the Hyper-V host be part of the domain? Thanks, Nick

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• Virtualization of desktop

  - by Agares

  Hi! I'm thinking about virtualization of my laptop(for educational purposes). My idea is to install very light host OS and have all the rest as virtual machines. Microsoft's Hyper-V Standalone would be very good solution, but it's impossible to access virtual machine from computer, where the Hyper-V is the host(isn't it?). So, which virtualization software would be good for me? I wanna have virtualized Windows 7(and maybe some other windowses). My processor support Intel Virtualization Technology.

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• Is defragging right for me?

  - by blade

  Hi, I am using Hyper-V on my Windows Server 2008 R2 DC x64 machine. I am also using standard SATA drives. I read some threads on here about defraging but could not reach a conclusion about whether or not I should use defragging. Can anyone shed some light on whether this will be right for me? Furthermore, what tool is best? There seems to be 3: http://www.perfectdisk.com/products/business-perfectdisk11-server/key-features http://www.diskeeper.com/diskeeper/home/server-edition.aspx?id=40279&wid=7 http://www.perfectdisk.com/products/business-perfectdisk11-hyper-v/learn-more Anyone have experience with this?

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• Virtualizing Firewalls/UTM

  - by TheD

  So Sophos UTM (Astaro Gateway UTM) can be virtualized in Hyper-V, VMWare, vSphere etc. Now I'm new to virtualization, so am wondering how the networking would be configured in this situation. Imagine the following (a very simple setup). A Zyxel router acting as the default gateway, standard ADSL line. This is connected directly via Ethernet to my VHost, Hyper-V in my case. Now I assume I need two virtual network adapters, one which is the "External" interface to the firewall, and the other being the "Internal" interface. But where does my switch go, since I have 5 machines (or X number of machines). Where is the switch connected, to the internal interface on the VHost? What default gateway do my clients use etc? How would the routing work if these two interfaces weren't bridged since they are virtual networks anyway. I'm a little confused! Any advice is much appreciated! Cheers

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• Issue with Windows Server backup

  - by mamu

  I have windows server 2008 r2 installed, Only service running on it is hyper-v. I am trying to take backup using windows server backup feature and it fails with following error in eventlog The backup operation that started at '?2009?-?08?-?22T18:42:14.123000000Z' has failed because the Volume Shadow Copy Service operation to create a shadow copy of the volumes being backed up failed with following error code '2155348129'. Please review the event details for a solution, and then rerun the backup operation once the issue is resolved. Above error itself is point to other event logs for more detail but i can't find anything in event logs Then i ran following command vssadmin list writers It had following out of ordinary in list Writer name: 'Microsoft Hyper-V VSS Writer' Writer Id: {66841cd4-6ded-4f4b-8f17-fd23f8ddc3de} Writer Instance Id: {d15c5f78-121c-464f-b23b-f285e919b05c} State: [8] Failed Last error: Inconsistent shadow copy How could i resolve this?

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 foundation VM unable to detect network adaptor

  - by user50273

  I created a Windows Server 2008 R2 foundation VM on Windows Server 2008 using Hyper-V. But I am not able to connect to internet from the VM. If I goto device manager, the network adapter branch itself is missing. I searched in google and few sites suggested I need to install the Integration Services although in one site they said Server 2008 R2 comes with integration services installed. Anyways I tried to install IntegrationServices using hyper-v but I get error dialog "error: unable to launch one of the update programs". Any suggestions on what am I supposed to do?

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