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• Debian Wheezy: installing from sources or repositories? upgrading to new software release?

  - by user269842

  a. I'm wondering for some software if it is wiser to install them from sources or from official repositories when available like: glpi inventory fusion inventory monitoring tools like nagios I tried both for glpi: compiled from sources and installing from repositories. I also installed zabbix from sources. b. What about new software releases providing enhancements: is it better to keep the release installed from the repositories /compiled or is their a 'best practice' like downloading the new software release and compiling it again (I really have no clue)? Could someone make it more clear for me? Thanks!

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• How to allow Mac OS X's native Apache/PHP installation to access WebServer directories?

  - by Martin Bean

  I have a problem bugging me with Mac OS X's native Apache/PHP installation. With my PHP scripts, I have to alter the file permissions on each folder I want to access. For example, in an upload script I would have to set the destination directory to 'read & write' for the group 'everyone'. However, I believe this is not the best practice and would like all of my directories to be readily writable to PHP. My scripts are stored in /Library/WebServer/Documents/, which is Mac OS X's default directory to serve web pages locally.

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• A space-efficient filesystem for grow-as-needed virtual disks ?

  - by Steve Schnepp

  A common practice is to use non-preallocated virtual disks. Since they only grow as needed, it makes them perfect for fast backup, overallocation and creation speed. Since file systems are usually based on physical disks they have the tendency to use the whole area available1 in order to increase the speed2 or reliability3. I'm searching a filesystem that does the exact opposite : try to touch the minimum blocks need by an aggressive block reuse. I would happily trade some performance for space usage. There is already a similar question, but it is rather general. I have very specific goal : space-efficiency. 1. Like page caching uses all the free physical memory 2. Canonical example : online defragmentation 3. Canonical example : snapshotting

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• Mysql Encryption and Key managment

  - by microchasm

  I am developing a local intranet system in PHP/MySQL to manage our client data. It seems that the best practice would be to encrypt the sensitive data on the MYSQL server as it is being entered. I am not clear, though, on what would be the best way to do this while still having the data readily accessible. It seems like a tough question to answer: where is the key(s) stored? How to best protect the key? If the key is stored on each users' machine, how to protect it if the machine is exploited? If the key is exploited, how to change the key? If the key is to be stored in the db, how to protect it there? How would users access it? If anyone could point me in the right direction, or give some tips I'd be very grateful. Thanks.

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• Duplicating keepass files instead of creating a new file

  - by BlakBat

  I'm currently using KeePass 2 and syncing them via dropbox. I have a few KeePass files (one for websites, one to store software licenses, etc...) Every time I need a new KeePass file, I just create a copy of the kbdx file, open it, remove all existing entries, change the key transformation rounds to another pseudo-random value. I do not change the master password. I want to know if this was unsafe practice, or was a security risk, compared to just creating a new KeePass file via the "File-New" menu. The reason I don't use the menu: i'm lazy enough to not want to reconfigure "database settings" every time.

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• Critical (Unixlike) Distros for Sysadmin Hopefuls to Have Experience With

  - by Interwebs

  Hi All, I'm trying to learn to be a Unix/Linux Sysadmin, and am hoping to get some hands-on experience by setting up a few installs (VMs, old comps, and the like) at home and practicing administering them. I was wondering, in the experience of those on this site, which distros are critical to be comfortable with. Obviously, to a certain extent, they're all similar, but there are substantial enough differences between administering, say, Debian, OpenSolaris, FreeBSD, and CentOS. So, which distros are most important to practice with in your opinion? Which have had most demand/come up most often in actual work situations? Thanks!

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• Application or plugin for turning screenshots into searchable text?

  - by Software dood

  It's a common practice in our company that people take screenshots of any software error situation they get into, and then they paste the screenshots in mail messages and/or Word documents that get sent and forwarded back and forth. I have lots of stuff like this in my Outlook mail archives, and the problem with it is, the screenshots aren't searchable, because they're just dumb images as far as Outlook or Windows Search are concerned. Sometimes I edit the original mail messages and type the text (typically an error message) from the screenshot into the message, but quite rarely, because it's slow and prone to typing errors. Is there a program or Outlook or Windows plugin that would OCR and index images in the Outlook mail archives, so the image contents would become indexable?

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• How can I avoid hard-coding YubiKey user identities into the PAM stack?

  - by CodeGnome

  The Yubico PAM Module seems to require changes to the PAM stack for each user that will be authenticated with a YubiKey. Specifically, it seems that each user's client identity must be added to the right PAM configuration file before the user can be authenticated. While it makes sense to add authorized keys to an authentication database such as /etc/yubikey_mappings or ~/.yubico/authorized_yubikeys, it seems like a bad practice to have to edit the PAM stack itself for each individual user. I would definitely like to avoid having to hard-code user identities into the PAM stack this way. So, is it possible to avoid hard-coding the id parameter to the pam_yubico.so module itself? If not, are there any other PAM modules that can leverage YubiKey authentication without hard-coding the stack?

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• Should the hostname of my VPS point to the dedi IP of my Domain or to to a shared one used for new account creation?

  - by thomas

  I leased a VPS which I want to use to sell shared hosting. 3 IPs - I call them A, B and C here for simplicity. Actual setup is: A=NS1.mydomain.com; host.mydomain.com and is used to set-up new accounts in shared environment B=NS2.mydomain.com C=dedicated IP for mydomain.com (SSL secured) The more I read about DNS, the more I get confused; thus my question: Is this configuration "Good Practice", especially the hostname pointing to A rather than to C? And what would be a better alternative?

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• What TLDs should I use for my NS records for redundancy? (DNSSEC support required)

  - by makerofthings7

  Question As a general practice, is it a good idea to use multiple TLDs for the name servers? How should I choose between which TLD would be a good candidate for being the root server for my NS name? More Info I am switching over 800 DNS zones to an outsourced DNS provider. I originally planned on setting the zone names to nsX.company.com, but think it would be best to have multiple TLDs such as .net , .org and .info Since I plan on supporting DNSSec at company.com I think all the 1st tier Name servers must support it as well. Part of the inspiration for this question came from our provider UltraDNS. In their configuration screen for our domains, they actively verify and alert us if our name servers aren't exactly: pdns1.ultradns.net pdns2.ultradns.net pdns3.ultradns.org pdns4.ultradns.org pdns5.ultradna.info pdns6.ultradns.co.uk

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• What is the secure way to isolate ftp server users on unix?

  - by djs

  I've read documentation for various ftp daemons and various long threads about the security implications of using a chroot environment for an ftp server when giving users write access. If you read the vsftpd documentation, in particular, it implies that using chroot_local_user is a security hazard, while not using it is not. There seems to be no coverage of the implications of allowing the user access to the entire filesystem (as permitted by their user and group membership), nor to the confusion this can create. So, I'd like to understand what is the correct method to use in practice. Should an ftp server with authenticated write-access users provide a non-chroot environment, a chroot environment, or some other option? Given that Windows ftp daemons don't have the option to use chroot, they need to implement isolation otherwise. Do any unix ftp daemons do something similar?

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• AD Local Admins without password sharing

  - by Cocoabean

  My team is building out an Active Directory environment in a small grad school with support for general computer labs, and staff/faculty machine and account management. We have a team of student consultants that are hired to do general help desk work. As of now we have a local admin account on every machine. It has the same password and all of us know it. I know it's not best practice and I want to avoid this with the new setup. We want to have local admin accounts in case there are network issues that prevent AD authentication, but we do not want this account to be generic with a shared password. Is there a way we can get each machine to cache the necessary information to authenticate a group of local admins so that if AD is somehow inaccessible, student consultants can still login with their AD admin accounts?

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• An international mobile app - Should I set up EC2 instances in multiple regions?

  - by ashiina

  I am currently trying to launch an mobile app for users around the world. It is not a spectacular launch which will get millions of users in weeks - just another individual developer releasing an app. I know enough about the techniques of managing timezones, internationalizing string, and what not ( the application layer ). But I cannot find any information on how I should manage my EC2 instances... Should I be setting up EC2 instances in different regions around the world? Is that a must-do, or is it an overkill? I'm aware that it's the ideal solution in terms of performance, but it becomes very tough managing servers in multiple regions. DB issues, AMI management, etc... I'd much rather NOT do so. So I would like to know the general best practice when launching an international app/website. Note: For static contents, I know it's better to use a CDN, so I'm planning on doing so.

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• ASP.NET app on Apache Mono Ubuntu compiler error as log4net is unable to be found

  - by Jingo

  I'm trying to get a vulnerable practice ASP.NET web application (WebGoat.NET) installed on Apache Mono on Ubuntu. I've followed this guide and it all went smoothly; however, whenever I try to run the app I get this error: The type or namespace name `log4net' could not be found. Are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference? Log4net.dll is in the lib folder of the application directory. It's also in the /usr/lib/mono/gac directory. I'm not sure where else it needs to be. Any suggestions? Thanks!

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• AS2 Server Software Costs

  - by CandyCo

  We're currently using Cleo LexiCom as our server software for receiving EDI transmissions via the AS2 protocol. We have 7 trading partners per year, and this runs us about $800/year for support from Cleo. We need to expand from 7 trading partners to 10 or so, and Cleo charges roughly $600 per new host, plus an expanded yearly support fee. My question(s) are: Does anyone know of a cheaper developer of AS2 server software, and perhaps one that doesn't charge per new host? Does anyone have any clue why we are being charged an upfront fee for new hosts, and if this is a standard practice for AS2 software providers? It seems really odd that we are required to pay upfront costs for this. I could completely understand an increase in the yearly support, however.

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• Is it safe/wise to run Drupal alongside bespoke business web apps in production?

  - by Vaze

  I'm interested to know the general community feeling about the safety of running Drupal alongside bespoke, business critial ASP.NET MVC apps on a production server. Previously my employer's Drupal based 'visitor website' was hosted as a managed service with a 3rd party. While the LoB sites were hosted in-house. That 3rd party is no longer available so I'm considering my options: Bring Drupal in-house Find another 3rd party My concern is that I have little experience with Drupal administration (and no experience securing it) and that the addition of PHP to my IIS server poses a security risk. Is there a best practice that I can follow in this situation?

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• Using LDAP/Active Directory with PIN based authentication

  - by nishantjr

  We'd like to integrate our service with LDAP, but because of hardware constraints, we're only allow 4 digit user ids and passwords. What would be the best practice for performing such an authetication? We've considered adding User ID and PIN attributes to the LDAP user schema, but we're not sure how happy people would be with modifying their schema to interact with our service. The PIN attribute would have to have the same support that native user passwords have. (hashing and salting etc.) UPDATE Another consideration is how ldap_bind works with this scenario. How do we get it to use an alternate authentication method? Can this even be done without affecting other services that use the same LDAP server?

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• Is there a Google Authenticator desktop client?

  - by cwd

  I am using Google Authenticator for 2-step authentication. I like how I can use a code and verify my account using my phone: I realize that the app was designed to run on a device other than a computer to increase security for the computer (in case that it is lost or stolen), but I would like to know if there is a way I can run Google Authenticator on my Macbook. Now, per the Google Authenticator Page it will not run on a desktop: What devices does Google Authenticator work on? Android version 2.1 or later BlackBerry OS 4.5 - 6.0 iPhone iOS 3.1.3 or later However there are several emulators for developers and so I wonder if it is possible to run one of these emulators and then run Google Authenticator with that. I do realize this is not a best practice - but I'm less worried about my laptop getting stolen and more worried about someone just hacking the account. So my question is this: Is it possible to run it on the desktop, even though it is not meant to be / not recommended?

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• Issues With IIS Hosting Two Domains From Same Folder

  - by Bob Mc

  I have two different domain names that resolve to the same ASP.Net site. Both domains are hosted on the same server, which runs Windows Server 2003 and IIS6. The sites are differentiated in IIS Manager using host headers. However, both of the sites point to the same folder on the local drive for the site's page files. I am occasionally experiencing an ASP.Net error that says "The state information is invalid for this page and might be corrupted." I'm the site developer so I've addressed all the relevant code-related causes for this issue. However, I was wondering whether having two domains/sites sharing the same folder for an ASP.Net application might be causing this intermittent error. Also, is this generally a bad practice? Should I make separate, duplicate folders for each of the domains? Seems like that can become a maintenance headache.

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• running commands as other users - best method

  - by linuxrawkstar

  When running commands as other users from the command line, what is recommended best practice? In the past I've used sudo like so: sudo -u username command [args] I've been told (with no specific reasons why) that using sudo for this purpose is wrong. I'd like to know why. Is there some "best way" to accomplish this? For example, I've also used the su command like so: su username - -c "command [args]" I can't imagine why either of these methods would be "bad". Your thoughts?

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• Automatic repair software

  - by ADOConnection

  Do anyone knows any kind of apps or services for "taking care of servers"? (besides managed servers) There are hundreds of ways your server or application can stop working properly. Small things are easy to miss but usually easy to fix. Log overgrouth, configuration issues, etc. Of course there are best practice checklists, but its not a human task to check configuration best practices. Im sure it can be automated: some kind of agent can monitor all system settings, say what is right and wrong and give suggestions on how to make it right. I have to admin several servers and I need some kind of overview of overall situation. As well as a tool, that will fix problems automatically. Can you people suggest something? (I know its a little bit out of rules of SF, but I think this particular question is quite specific) It would be great to have something like http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1451319/asp-net-mvc-view-engine-comparison but for automation software.

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• Is there a "pattern" or a group that defines *rc files in *nix environments?

  - by Somebody still uses you MS-DOS

  I'm starting to use command line a little more, and I see there are a lot of ways to configure some config files in my $HOME. This is good, since you can customize it the way you really like. Unfortunately, for begginners, having too many options is a little confusing. For example, I created .bash_alias for some alias I'm using. I didn't even know this option existed, I'm used to simply edit .bashrc. Do exist a pattern, a "good practice", envisioning flexibility and modularity in terms of rc files structure? Do exist a standardization group for this, or every body just creates it's own configuration setup?

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• Should we regularly schedule mysqlcheck (or databsae optimization)

  - by scatteredbomb

  We run a forum with some 2 million posts and I've noticed that if left untouched the overhead in the mySQL (as listed in phpMyAdmin) can get quite large (hundreds of megabytes). I'm wondering if scheduling a normal mysqlcheck to optimize the tables is good practice? Any reason not to do it, say, once a week at an off-peak hour? There was a time over the summer where our site was constantly crashing because mysql was using up all resources. That's when I noticed the huge amount of overhead and optimized the database and haven't had any problems since then with stability. I figured if that was helping alleviate the issues, I should just setup a cron to automatically do this.

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• How should a small team using multiple OS's deploy over github?

  - by Toby

  We have a small development team that have recently moved to using github to host our projects. The team consists of three developers, 2 on Windows and 1 on Mac. I am currently researching the best way to deploy applications to our Linux servers (dev and production). Capistrano running locally would be ideal but from what I read this won't work for Windows machines. It looks like the best way is to use a post-receive hook in github, I can see how this would work for auto deploying to dev, but I don't see how we could then deploy to live. I have found paid projects like http://www.deployhq.com/ but it feels like something that a quick bit of code should be able to do for free, I just can't seem to get myself pointed in the right direction! I was wondering what would be considered best practice for small team deployment involving multiple local OS's and github.

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• Does connecting to the default host via public IP from within its subnet cause any issues?

  - by username

  I'm setting up a small office network with a single public IP (let's say it's 69.16.230.117). I've configured NAT on the router with incoming traffic forwarded to the server (say the server has a private IP of 192.168.0.2). Is it okay to configure the client machines on the same subnet to access the server via the router's public IP (69.16.230.117)? In practice it's never caused me problems, but I've heard, here and there, that it is a bad idea, and one should use the private IP (192.168.0.2). Does connecting to the default host via public IP from within its subnet cause any issues? Please refrain from writing "never! it breaks the intranet!" ;-)

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