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  • Using CTAS & Exchange Partition Replace IAS for Copying Partition on Exadata

    - by Bandari Huang
    Usage Scenario: Copy data&index from one partition to another partition in a partitioned table. Solution: Create a partition definition Copy data from one partition to another partiton by 'Insert as select (IAS)' Create a nonpartitioned table by 'Create table as select (CTAS)' Convert a nonpartitioned table into a partition of partitoned table by exchangng their data segments. Rebuild unusable index Exchange Partition Convertion Mutual convertion between a partition (or subpartition) and a nonpartitioned table Mutual convertion between a hash-partitioned table and a partition of a composite *-hash partitioned table Mutual convertiton a [range | list]-partitioned table into a partition of a composite *-[range | list] partitioned table. Exchange Partition Usage Scenario High-speed data loading of new, incremental data into an existing partitioned table in DW environment Exchanging old data partitions out of a partitioned table, the data is purged from the partitioned table without actually being deleted and can be archived separately Exchange Partition Syntax ALTER TABLE schema.table EXCHANGE [PARTITION|SUBPARTITION] [partition|subprtition] WITH TABLE schema.table [INCLUDE|EXCLUDING] INDEX [WITH|WITHOUT] VALIDATION UPDATE [INDEXES|GLOBAL INDEXES] INCLUDING | EXCLUDING INDEXES Specify INCLUDING INDEXES if you want local index partitions or subpartitions to be exchanged with the corresponding table index (for a nonpartitioned table) or local indexes (for a hash-partitioned table). Specify EXCLUDING INDEXES if you want all index partitions or subpartitions corresponding to the partition and all the regular indexes and index partitions on the exchanged table to be marked UNUSABLE. If you omit this clause, then the default is EXCLUDING INDEXES. WITH | WITHOUT VALIDATION Specify WITH VALIDATION if you want Oracle Database to return an error if any rows in the exchanged table do not map into partitions or subpartitions being exchanged. Specify WITHOUT VALIDATION if you do not want Oracle Database to check the proper mapping of rows in the exchanged table. If you omit this clause, then the default is WITH VALIDATION.  UPADATE INDEX|GLOBAL INDEX Unless you specify UPDATE INDEXES, the database marks UNUSABLE the global indexes or all global index partitions on the table whose partition is being exchanged. Global indexes or global index partitions on the table being exchanged remain invalidated. (You cannot use UPDATE INDEXES for index-organized tables. Use UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES instead.) Exchanging Partitions&Subpartitions Notes Both tables involved in the exchange must have the same primary key, and no validated foreign keys can be referencing either of the tables unless the referenced table is empty.  When exchanging partitioned index-organized tables: – The source and target table or partition must have their primary key set on the same columns, in the same order. – If key compression is enabled, then it must be enabled for both the source and the target, and with the same prefix length. – Both the source and target must be index organized. – Both the source and target must have overflow segments, or neither can have overflow segments. Also, both the source and target must have mapping tables, or neither can have a mapping table. – Both the source and target must have identical storage attributes for any LOB columns. 

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  • Quantifying the effects of partition mis-alignment

    - by Matt
    I'm experiencing some significant performance issues on an NFS server. I've been reading up a bit on partition alignment, and I think I have my partitions mis-aligned. I can't find anything that tells me how to actually quantify the effects of mis-aligned partitions. Some of the general information I found suggests the performance penalty can be quite high (upwards of 60%) and others say it's negligible. What I want to do is determine if partition alignment is a factor in this server's performance problems or not; and if so, to what degree? So I'll put my info out here, and hopefully the community can confirm if my partitions are indeed mis-aligned, and if so, help me put a number to what the performance cost is. Server is a Dell R510 with dual E5620 CPUs and 8 GB RAM. There are eight 15k 2.5” 600 GB drives (Seagate ST3600057SS) configured in hardware RAID-6 with a single hot spare. RAID controller is a Dell PERC H700 w/512MB cache (Linux sees this as a LSI MegaSAS 9260). OS is CentOS 5.6, home directory partition is ext3, with options “rw,data=journal,usrquota”. I have the HW RAID configured to present two virtual disks to the OS: /dev/sda for the OS (boot, root and swap partitions), and /dev/sdb for a big NFS share: [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sda unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 134217599s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 63s 465884s 465822s primary ext2 boot 2 465885s 134207009s 133741125s primary lvm [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sdb unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 5720768639s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 34s 5720768606s 5720768573s lvm Edit 1 Using the cfq IO scheduler (default for CentOS 5.6): # cat /sys/block/sd{a,b}/queue/scheduler noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] Chunk size is the same as strip size, right? If so, then 64kB: # /opt/MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL -NoLog Adapter #0 Number of Virtual Disks: 2 Virtual Disk: 0 (target id: 0) Name:os RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:65535MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 ... physical disk info removed for brevity ... Virtual Disk: 1 (target id: 1) Name:share RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:2793344MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 If it's not obvious, virtual disk 0 corresponds to /dev/sda, for the OS; virtual disk 1 is /dev/sdb (the exported home directory tree).

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  • copy boot-able partition

    - by Dima
    I have an disk image with 3 partitions: first partition (hd0,0) is boot-able with GRUB1 with the following configuration GRUB file: default=0 timeout=5 title Bank A root (hd0,1) chainloader +1 title Bank B root (hd0,2) chainloader +1 The partitions (hd0,1) and (hd0,2) are also boot-able. I'm trying to clone partition (hd0,1) to (hd0,2) by creating device map using kpartx and copying whole partition using dd command. The problem is: after partition cloning, the cloned partition did not boot (but all files are OK). What the wrong? I need both partitions to bee identical (I'm using them for fail-over purposes into embedded device)

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  • Software installed on root partition or on home partition

    - by Tim
    I am planning to install some big softwares such as Matlab (4GB), Mathematica (4GB) on my Ubuntu partitions. I was wondering if I installed them on my home partition, when I reinstall Ubuntu without touching the home partition, will the softwares still be runnable after reinstallation? what are the advantage and disadvantages of installing softwares on root partition and of on home partition? with your answer to the previous questions, what are some reasonable plans for the sizes of root partition and of home partition? Note that I would like to learn programming in C, C++, Java, Python, Lisp, databases under both Ubuntu and Windows, and no games. My laptop has around 230 GB, where I plan to install both Windows and Ubuntu, and reserve 40 GB for Ubuntu (three partitions: swap, root and home), 110 GB for NTFS partition shared between the two OSes, 70 GB for Windows OS partition, and 10 GB that can be added to any of the above partitions. I will change my plan according to your suggestions. Thanks and regards!

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  • partition alignment on fresh windows 2003 ent server

    - by Datapimp23
    Hi, I have this server which has it's physical disks in RAID 5 controlled by a 3com raid controller. size of the stripe unit is unknown for the moment (Can check tomorrow in the office). I need to install windows server 2003 ENT and create 2 partitions (OS, Data). I'd like to create the partitions before the installation on windows server. They have to be aligned properly. I have the newest version of gparted on a disc but I have no clue if this is the right tool. Can someone point me in the right direction? Thanks

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  • Partition table correpted in windows 7 machine as simple dynamic partition

    - by raki
    I have Windows 7 installed in my system. When I originally partitioned it I made 3 partitions and 16 gb space as unallocated. Later I tried to create a partition using this free space using diskmanagement tool. It shows free space as unusabe space and the only one option available is to make it as a simple partition. Unfortunately I made it as simple partition and all my partitions converted to simple dynamic partition. Now after reboot the OS is not loading. I tried to reinstall the OS by formatting the C drive, but it doesn't work. Now I can't load the OS properly. How can I install Windows 7 on my system without losing my data on the other two drives?

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  • convert a logical partition to a primary partition

    - by ant2009
    Hello, Fedora 14 xfce I have the following partition setup. I would like to know how can I convert the logical partition sda6 to a primary partition. Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1707a8a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 205844479 102409216 83 Linux /dev/sda3 205844480 214228991 4192256 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 214228992 625141759 205456384 5 Extended /dev/sda5 214231040 573562879 179665920 83 Linux /dev/sda6 573564928 625141759 25788416 7 HPFS/NTFS Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 97G 5.0G 91G 6% / tmpfs 494M 176K 494M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 68M 392M 15% /boot /dev/sda5 169G 26G 135G 16% /home # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 1024000, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 1026048, size=204818432, Id=83 /dev/sda3 : start=205844480, size= 8384512, Id=82 /dev/sda4 : start=214228992, size=410912768, Id= 5 /dev/sda5 : start=214231040, size=359331840, Id=83 /dev/sda6 : start=573564928, size= 51576832, Id= 7 I would like to convert sda6 to a primary partition, the reason for this it to install windows 7 starter. Many thanks for any suggestions,

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  • Partition table correpted in windows 7 machine as simple dynamic partition

    - by raki
    I have Windows 7 installed in my system. When I originally partitioned it I made 3 partitions and 16 gb space as unallocated. Later I tried to create a partition using this free space using diskmanagement tool. It shows free space as unusabe space and the only one option available is to make it as a simple partition. Unfortunately I made it as simple partition and all my partitions converted to simple dynamic partition. Now after reboot the OS is not loading. I tried to reinstall the OS by formatting the C drive, but it doesn't work. Now I can't load the OS properly. How can I install Windows 7 on my system without losing my data on the other two drives?

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  • LaTex, align alignment characters between align blocks

    - by ccook
    I would like to align two alignment characters between two align blocks so that I can have some text in the middle of a derivation with equations maintaining the horizontal alignment. For example the following excerpt of latex using align \begin{align*} \frac{\delta \phi}{\delta x_1} = {} &\frac{9}{8}\frac{\delta_1\phi}{\delta_1x_1}-\frac{1}{8}\frac{\delta_3\phi}{\delta_3x_1} \\ & \frac{9}{8}\frac{1}{h_1}\left[\phi(x_1+h_1/2)-\phi(x_i-h_1/2)\right]-\frac{1}{8}\frac{1}{3h_1}\left[\phi(x_i+3h_1/2)-\phi(x_1-3h_1/2)\right] \end{align*} some text in the middle \begin{align*} & \frac{9}{8}\frac{1}{h_1}\left[\phi(x_1+h_1/2)-\phi(x_i-h_1/2)\right]-\frac{1}{8}\frac{1}{3h_1}\left[\phi(x_i+3h_1/2)-\phi(x_1-3h_1/2)\right] \end{align*} Ideally I would like the left of the equation in the second block to line up with that of the second equation in the first block. I could do a workaround by not having text in the middle, however, I would like this functionality. EDIT I would like to have a good amount of text between. Say three to four lines that line up as normal paragraphs. Adding text in the alignment block is the workaround I poorly alluded to.

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  • Checking partition alignment with PowerCLI

    - by Julian
    I'm trying to verify that the file system partitions within each of the servers I'm working on are aligned correctly. I've got the following script that when I've tried running will either claim that all virtual servers are aligned or not aligned based on which if statement I use (one is commented out): $myArr = @() $vms = get-vm | where {$_.PowerState -eq "PoweredOn" -and $_.Guest.OSFullName -match "Microsoft Windows*" } | sort name foreach($vm in $vms){ $wmi = get-wmiobject -class "win32_DiskPartition" -namespace "root\CIMV2" -ComputerName $vm foreach ($partition in $wmi){ $Details = "" | Select-Object VMName, Partition, Status #if (($partition.startingoffset % 65536) -isnot [decimal]){ if ($partition.startingoffSet -eq "65536"){ $Details.VMName = $partition.SystemName $Details.Partition = $partition.Name $Details.Status = "Partition aligned" } else{ $Details.VMName = $partition.SystemName $Details.Partition = $partition.Name $Details.Status = "Partition not aligned" } $myArr += $Details } } $myArr | Export-CSV -NoTypeInformation "C:\users\myself\Documents\Scripts\PartitionAlignment.csv" Would anyone know what is wrong with my code? I'm still learning about partitions so I'm not sure how I need to check the starting off-set number to verify alignment. EDIT: $myArr = @() $vms = get-vm | where {$_.PowerState -eq "PoweredOn" -and $_.Guest.OSFullName -match "Microsoft Windows*" } | sort name $wmi = get-wmiobject -class "win32_DiskPartition" -namespace "root\CIMV2" -ComputerName $vm #foreach ($_ In Get-WMIObject Win32_DiskPartition | Select Name, BlockSize, NumberOfBlocks, StartingOffSet, @{n='Alignment'; e={$_.StartingOffSet/$_.BlockSize}}) {$_} foreach ($wmi| Select Name, BlockSize, NumberOfBlocks, StartingOffSet, @{n='Alignment'; e={$_.StartingOffSet/$_.BlockSize}}) {$_}

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  • Setting up a Pagefile and Partition in Server 2008

    - by Brett Powell
    I am setting up 18 new machines for our company, and I have instructions from my new boss on setting up a Pagefile and Partition. I have looked at their existing machines to base the new setups off of, but there is no consistency between any 2 machines, which has left me extremely frustrated to say the least. My instructions are... 1) Set a static pagefile (use recommended value as max/min), set it on SSD if SSD available. 2) Make 3 partitions: C: is used for OS and install files D: is used for backups on machines with a SSD. On machines without SSD create a D: partition for pagefile (2*installed RAM for partition size) E: must be the partition hosting user files I have never messed with Pagefiles before, and looking at their existing machines is offering no help. My questions are... 1) As the machines I am setting up have no SSD (just 2 SATA drives) does it sound like the Pagefile should be setup on the C: (primary) drive or the D:? The instructions are vague so I have no idea. 2) As C: and D: are both Physical drives, does it sound like C: should be partitioned out to create the E: drive or D:? Thanks for any help I can get. I am extremely stressed out under a massive workload right now, and these vague instructions are quite infuriating.

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  • Lock a partition to a few folders

    - by Oxwivi
    I want to have a few folders on a partition whose contents I can freely edit, but outside nothing should be saved. Specifically, I want the folders in my Home (Documents, Music, etc) on a different partition, but rest of the normally hidden folders remain in the main partition with Ubuntu. I can make the files within the Home folders save in another partition using fstab binding, but I still can't think of how to lock the partition from edits outside those folders. I'm open to suggestions of alternatives to binding - but please, no symbolic links.

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  • “BAD” partition showing up in Partition Manager

    - by Quintin Par
    I tried to partition my primary hard disk (NTFS partitions) with qtparted and got stuck in the process. Consequently I had to kill the process and exit my knoppix live CD boot up. Even though I was expecting XP to get corrupted, it booted fine and showed up all the drives accessible. But when I opened this with partition manager 8, it shows up as “BAD”. I ran chkdsk /f without any success. My objective with qparted and partition magic was to resize my existing partitions and add some space to c: How do I fix this problem and resize my partitions? Edit: Here's how my primary drive as per windows is

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  • win 2008 core create a partition with an offset to allow other partition expand

    - by Rqomey
    We are running a win 2008 core host in a HyperV role. We have expanded the logical drive on a RAID 1+0 array belonging to the server, as we needed more space. We have two data partitions D: and E: I want to expand them both so they use all space, and are equally sized. There is data on all partitions, although E is not in live use (so files can be moved and copied from it. Current: What I want- temporary Partition (F:) at end of drive: I am going to create a temporary partition F: so I can move the files from E: onto it, then delete E:, expand D: to the desired size, then rename F: to E: To do this I need to create F: from the end of the drive, ie. have unused space between E: and F: tl;dr How do I create a partition with a large offset in Windows server?

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  • Formatted Ubuntu partition & now grub says "error: no such partition" - can't enter windows

    - by qwBJ
    I had installed Ubuntu (current version: 11.xx) alongside Windows Vista. Now I formatted the Ubuntu partition & merged it with another partition (without thinking, obviously). Now, when I restart the computer, GRUB probably tries to find the old partition (which does no longer exist) and says: error: no such partition. grub rescue> Now I dont know what to do (I'm a total beginner). I tried to re-install Ubuntu on the newly formatted partition but this won't work, because after removing the install-usb (which I am said to do during installation) I find the above error-message again. I guess I need some way to reconfigure grub OR to reinstall grub/ubuntu (on the newly formatted partition) OR to reinstall the windows boot manager (without reinstall. Windows), but I have no idea how to do either of these things.

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  • Create a AD-LDS partition under a child of the primary partition

    - by ixe013
    I have a AD-LDS instance running on a Server 2008 R2. I have this application partition, created at installation : dc=enterprise,dc=example,dc=com I have succesfully followed this procedure to create application partitions. They are named : cn=stuff,dc=enterprise,dc=example,dc=com cn=things,dc=enterprise,dc=example,dc=com If I configure my client(s) to follow referals, I can search from dc=enterprise,dc=example,dc=com and find objects under cn=stuff and cn=things. How can I create (or move after the fact) the stuff and things partitions so they are logically located under a OU under the initial partition, ending up with something like : cn=stuff,ou=applications,dc=enterprise,dc=example,dc=com cn=things,ou=applications,dc=enterprise,dc=example,dc=com

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  • Shrink a mounted LVM partition

    - by javanix
    I fear I already know the answer to this question, but here goes. I need to carve out a new partition on a running system. /var/ is mounted from an LVM volume (hdd1_vg-var) and has only 3% used disk space. / is mounted separately (hdd1_vg-root) and has about 80% used disk space. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/**/hdd1_vg-root 2.0G 1.4G 481M 75% / /dev/**/hdd1_vg-var 33G 699M 31G 3% /var Unfortunately I don't have any free extents to grow this partition organically - vgdisplay shows: Total PE 10000 Alloc PE / Size 10000 / 39.06 GB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 So seeing that I have all this free disk space on /var/, can I shrink /var/ without un-mounting it or is this just a pipe dream? I am really hoping to be able to do this work on a running system - un-mounting would of course not be difficult but it would interfere with system functionality.

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  • Resize primary partition

    - by telebog
    I have a hdd with the folowing partition table 12Gb Primary Partition (ntfs) 140Gb Extended Partition (ntfs) I want to install windows 7 and I need more space for the Primary Partition. The problem is that when I resize partitons I obtain: 12Gb Primary Partition (ntfs) 110Gb Extended Partition (ntfs) 30Gb Free Space So I can't allocate the free space to primary partition because the free space is at the end of the disk. Is there a solution to extend the primary partition as: 42Gb Primary Partition (ntfs) 110Gb Extended Partition (ntfs) without repartitioning the entire disk? I used partition magic, gparted-live-0.4.6-4 and others with no success. With the Disk Management from Vista I manage to extend primary partition, but made my partitions dinamic.

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  • Oracle Database 12 c New Partition Maintenance Features by Gwen Lazenby

    - by hamsun
    One of my favourite new features in Oracle Database 12c is the ability to perform partition maintenance operations on multiple partitions. This means we can now add, drop, truncate and merge multiple partitions in one operation, and can split a single partition into more than two partitions also in just one command. This would certainly have made my life slightly easier had it been available when I administered a data warehouse at Oracle 9i. To demonstrate this new functionality and syntax, I am going to create two tables, ORDERS and ORDERS_ITEMS which have a parent-child relationship. ORDERS is to be partitioned using range partitioning on the ORDER_DATE column, and ORDER_ITEMS is going to partitioned using reference partitioning and its foreign key relationship with the ORDERS table. This form of partitioning was a new feature in 11g and means that any partition maintenance operations performed on the ORDERS table will also take place on the ORDER_ITEMS table as well. First create the ORDERS table - SQL CREATE TABLE orders ( order_id NUMBER(12), order_date TIMESTAMP, order_mode VARCHAR2(8), customer_id NUMBER(6), order_status NUMBER(2), order_total NUMBER(8,2), sales_rep_id NUMBER(6), promotion_id NUMBER(6), CONSTRAINT orders_pk PRIMARY KEY(order_id) ) PARTITION BY RANGE(order_date) (PARTITION Q1_2007 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-APR-2007','DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION Q2_2007 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JUL-2007','DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION Q3_2007 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-OCT-2007','DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION Q4_2007 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2008','DD-MON-YYYY')) ); Table created. Now the ORDER_ITEMS table SQL CREATE TABLE order_items ( order_id NUMBER(12) NOT NULL, line_item_id NUMBER(3) NOT NULL, product_id NUMBER(6) NOT NULL, unit_price NUMBER(8,2), quantity NUMBER(8), CONSTRAINT order_items_fk FOREIGN KEY(order_id) REFERENCES orders(order_id) on delete cascade) PARTITION BY REFERENCE(order_items_fk) tablespace example; Table created. Now look at DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS to get details of what partitions we have in the two tables – SQL select table_name,partition_name, partition_position position, high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner='SH' and table_name like 'ORDER_%' order by partition_position, table_name; TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME POSITION HIGH_VALUE -------------- --------------- -------- ------------------------- ORDERS Q1_2007 1 TIMESTAMP' 2007-04-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q1_2007 1 ORDERS Q2_2007 2 TIMESTAMP' 2007-07-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q2_2007 2 ORDERS Q3_2007 3 TIMESTAMP' 2007-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q3_2007 3 ORDERS Q4_2007 4 TIMESTAMP' 2008-01-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q4_2007 4 Just as an aside it is also now possible in 12c to use interval partitioning on reference partitioned tables. In 11g it was not possible to combine these two new partitioning features. For our first example of the new 12cfunctionality, let us add all the partitions necessary for 2008 to the tables using one command. Notice that the partition specification part of the add command is identical in format to the partition specification part of the create command as shown above - SQL alter table orders add PARTITION Q1_2008 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-APR-2008','DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION Q2_2008 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JUL-2008','DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION Q3_2008 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-OCT-2008','DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION Q4_2008 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2009','DD-MON-YYYY')); Table altered. Now look at DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS and we can see that the 4 new partitions have been added to both tables – SQL select table_name,partition_name, partition_position position, high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner='SH' and table_name like 'ORDER_%' order by partition_position, table_name; TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME POSITION HIGH_VALUE -------------- --------------- -------- ------------------------- ORDERS Q1_2007 1 TIMESTAMP' 2007-04-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q1_2007 1 ORDERS Q2_2007 2 TIMESTAMP' 2007-07-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q2_2007 2 ORDERS Q3_2007 3 TIMESTAMP' 2007-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q3_2007 3 ORDERS Q4_2007 4 TIMESTAMP' 2008-01-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q4_2007 4 ORDERS Q1_2008 5 TIMESTAMP' 2008-04-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q1_2008 5 ORDERS Q2_2008 6 TIMESTAMP' 2008-07-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEM Q2_2008 6 ORDERS Q3_2008 7 TIMESTAMP' 2008-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q3_2008 7 ORDERS Q4_2008 8 TIMESTAMP' 2009-01-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q4_2008 8 Next, we can drop or truncate multiple partitions by giving a comma separated list in the alter table command. Note the use of the plural ‘partitions’ in the command as opposed to the singular ‘partition’ prior to 12c– SQL alter table orders drop partitions Q3_2008,Q2_2008,Q1_2008; Table altered. Now look at DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS and we can see that the 3 partitions have been dropped in both the two tables – TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME POSITION HIGH_VALUE -------------- --------------- -------- ------------------------- ORDERS Q1_2007 1 TIMESTAMP' 2007-04-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q1_2007 1 ORDERS Q2_2007 2 TIMESTAMP' 2007-07-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q2_2007 2 ORDERS Q3_2007 3 TIMESTAMP' 2007-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q3_2007 3 ORDERS Q4_2007 4 TIMESTAMP' 2008-01-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q4_2007 4 ORDERS Q4_2008 5 TIMESTAMP' 2009-01-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q4_2008 5 Now let us merge all the 2007 partitions together to form one single partition – SQL alter table orders merge partitions Q1_2005, Q2_2005, Q3_2005, Q4_2005 into partition Y_2007; Table altered. TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME POSITION HIGH_VALUE -------------- --------------- -------- ------------------------- ORDERS Y_2007 1 TIMESTAMP' 2008-01-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Y_2007 1 ORDERS Q4_2008 2 TIMESTAMP' 2009-01-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q4_2008 2 Splitting partitions is a slightly more involved. In the case of range partitioning one of the new partitions must have no high value defined, and in list partitioning one of the new partitions must have no list of values defined. I call these partitions the ‘everything else’ partitions, and will contain any rows contained in the original partition that are not contained in the any of the other new partitions. For example, let us split the Y_2007 partition back into 4 quarterly partitions – SQL alter table orders split partition Y_2007 into (PARTITION Q1_2007 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-APR-2007','DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION Q2_2007 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JUL-2007','DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION Q3_2007 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-OCT-2007','DD-MON-YYYY')), PARTITION Q4_2007); Now look at DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS to get details of the new partitions – TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME POSITION HIGH_VALUE -------------- --------------- -------- ------------------------- ORDERS Q1_2007 1 TIMESTAMP' 2007-04-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q1_2007 1 ORDERS Q2_2007 2 TIMESTAMP' 2007-07-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q2_2007 2 ORDERS Q3_2007 3 TIMESTAMP' 2007-10-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q3_2007 3 ORDERS Q4_2007 4 TIMESTAMP' 2008-01-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q4_2007 4 ORDERS Q4_2008 5 TIMESTAMP' 2009-01-01 00:00:00' ORDER_ITEMS Q4_2008 5 Partition Q4_2007 has a high value equal to the high value of the original Y_2007 partition, and so has inherited its upper boundary from the partition that was split. As for a list partitioning example let look at the following another table, SALES_PAR_LIST, which has 2 partitions, Americas and Europe and a partitioning key of country_name. SQL select table_name,partition_name, high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner='SH' and table_name = 'SALES_PAR_LIST'; TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE -------------- --------------- ----------------------------- SALES_PAR_LIST AMERICAS 'Argentina', 'Canada', 'Peru', 'USA', 'Honduras', 'Brazil', 'Nicaragua' SALES_PAR_LIST EUROPE 'France', 'Spain', 'Ireland', 'Germany', 'Belgium', 'Portugal', 'Denmark' Now split the Americas partition into 3 partitions – SQL alter table sales_par_list split partition americas into (partition south_america values ('Argentina','Peru','Brazil'), partition north_america values('Canada','USA'), partition central_america); Table altered. Note that no list of values was given for the ‘Central America’ partition. However it should have inherited any values in the original ‘Americas’ partition that were not assigned to either the ‘North America’ or ‘South America’ partitions. We can confirm this by looking at the DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS view. SQL select table_name,partition_name, high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner='SH' and table_name = 'SALES_PAR_LIST'; TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE --------------- --------------- -------------------------------- SALES_PAR_LIST SOUTH_AMERICA 'Argentina', 'Peru', 'Brazil' SALES_PAR_LIST NORTH_AMERICA 'Canada', 'USA' SALES_PAR_LIST CENTRAL_AMERICA 'Honduras', 'Nicaragua' SALES_PAR_LIST EUROPE 'France', 'Spain', 'Ireland', 'Germany', 'Belgium', 'Portugal', 'Denmark' In conclusion, I hope that DBA’s whose work involves maintaining partitions will find the operations a bit more straight forward to carry out once they have upgraded to Oracle Database 12c. Gwen Lazenby is a Principal Training Consultant at Oracle. She is part of Oracle University's Core Technology delivery team based in the UK, teaching Database Administration and Linux courses. Her specialist topics include using Oracle Partitioning and Parallelism in Data Warehouse environments, as well as Oracle Spatial and RMAN.

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  • Failed to install GRUB on a separate '/boot' partition on a fake RAID 0 (12.04LTS)

    - by gerben
    I'm having some problems getting GRUB configured for Ubuntu 12.04LTS on a fake RAID 0. I can either get the GRUB rescue prompt at startup, or just a GRUB prompt but I cannot boot to Ubuntu manually. How can I configure the GRUB to actually use the Ubuntu install? The steps taken: Installing Ubuntu on fake raid The Ubuntu installer cannot install Ubuntu on the drive. After defining the partitions to use it fails with "Error: ???", pressing OK terminates the installer. Therefore, I used GParted to configure the partitions: /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg : (the RAID configuration, created partition): /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg1:ext2, 200MiB, (with 'boot' flag) /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg3:ext2, 67.75GiB, (which will contain Ubuntu) /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg2:extended, 1.00GiB, (for swap) Contains: /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg5: unknown Because of the fake-RAID, I already mounted the destination partitions before running the Ubuntu installer: > mkdir /mnt/boot > sudo mount /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg1 /mnt/boot > mkdir /mnt/ubuntu > sudo mount /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg3 /mnt/ubuntu In the installer I chose the following partition usage: /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg1 ext2, mount at /boot (209MB) /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg3 ext2, mount at / (72751MB) /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg5 swap Device for boot loader installation: /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg, linux device-mapper (striped) (74.0GB) This will install Ubuntu, but will fail to install GRUB (it seems to use /dev/sda no matter which one I choose) Installing GRUB with dpkg-reconfigure I followed this guide, but adapted it for two partitions: sudo mount /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg3 /mnt/ubuntu sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/ubuntu/dev sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/ubuntu/proc sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/ubuntu/sys sudo mount /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg1 /mnt/boot sudo mount --bind /boot /mnt/boot sudo chroot /mnt/ubuntu dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc However, it does not ask where to install GRUB (I should choose /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg somewhere..) After reboot I get the GRUB rescue prompt with message no such device Installing GRUB with grub-install After the same mount commands as above, I continued with: > sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg This gives the following message: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a device for /mnt/boot/boot/grub (is /dev mounted?) It does succeed when mounting just the boot partition : sudo mount /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg1 /mnt sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg This finishes with: Installation finished. No error reported. After reboot I get the GRUB console, with welcome text. Attempting to manually start Ubuntu: ls (hd0) (hd0,msdos3) : (Ubuntu install partition) (hd0,msdos1) : (Ubuntu boot partition) (hd1) (hd1,msdos1) : (Ubuntu live USB) ls (hd0,msdos3)/ contains: - vmlinuz - lib/ - tmp/ - initrd.img - mnt/ - var/ - proc/ - boot/ - root/ - etc/ - run/ - media/ - sbin/ - bin/ - selinux/ - dev/ - srv/ - home/ - sys/ ls (hd0,msdos1)/ contains: -grub/ -boot/ -initrd.img-3.8.0-29-generic -vmlinuz-3.8.0.29-generic -config-3.8 linux (hd0,msdos3)/vmlinuz This returns "error: out of disk" Installing GRUB on Ubuntu partition with grub-install > sudo mount /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg3 /mnt > sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/mapper/sil_agadaccfacbg This finishes with message: > Installation finished. No error reported. After reboot get the message "error: out of disk" and the GRUB rescue prompt. Configuring GRUB with grub-mkconfig Attempting to run grub-mkconfig with different destinations results in the same message: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a device for / (is /dev mounted?). Remarks: Initially I didn't use a separate /boot partition, but the GRUB install then also failed. Because some mention that a small partition at the beginning of the drive is necessary on old machines, I retried with a /boot partition This is a single boot (no other OS's installed/used)

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  • linux hardware raid 10 / lvm / virtual machine partition alignment and filesystem optimization

    - by Jason Ward
    I've been reading everything I can find about partition alignment and filesystem optimization (ext4 and xfs) but still don't know enough to be confident in setting up my current configuration. My remaining confusion comes from the LVM layer and if I should use raid parameters on the filesystem in guest os'es. My main questions are: When I use 'pvcreate --dataalignment' do I use the stripe-width as calculated for a filesystem on RAID (128kB for ext4 in my situation), the Stripe size of the RAID set (256kB), something else altogether, or do I not need this? When I create ext2/3/4 or xfs filesystems in guests on the Logical Volumes, should I add the settings for the underlying RAID (e.g. mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -E stride=64,stripe-width=128)? Does anyone see any glaring errors in my set up below? I'm running some benchmarks now but haven't done enough to start comparing results. I have four drives in RAID 10 on a 3ware 9750-4i controller (more details on the settings below) giving me a 6.0TB device at /dev/sda. Here is my partition table: Model: LSI 9750-4i DISK (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 5722024MiB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1.00MiB 257MiB 256MiB ext4 BOOTPART boot 2 257MiB 4353MiB 4096MiB linux-swap(v1) 3 4353MiB 266497MiB 262144MiB ext4 4 266497MiB 4460801MiB 4194304MiB Partition 1 is to be the /boot partition for my xen host. Partition 2 is swap. Partition 3 is to be the root (/) for my xen host. Partition 4 is to be (the only) physical volume to be used by LVM (for those who are counting, I left about 1.2TB unallocated for now) For my Xen guests, I usually create a Logical Volume of the needed size and present it to the guests for them to partition as needed. I know there are other ways of handling that but this method works best for my situation. Here's the hardware of interest on my CentOS 6.3 Xen Host: 4x Seagate Barracuda 3TB ST3000DM001 Drives (sector size: 512 logical/4096 physical) 3ware 9750-4i w/BBU (sector size reported: 512 logical/512 physical) All four drives make up a RAID 10 array. Stripe: 256kB Write Cache enabled Read Cache: intelligent StoreSave: Balance Thanks!

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  • Moving users folder on Windows-7 to another partition - bad idea?

    - by Donat
    Hi, I'd like to re-submit here a question posted by Benjol on Aug 17at 5:57 "Moving users folder on Windows Vista to another partition - bad idea?" (I can't post one than one link until I earn "10 reputation" and removed my "answer" there to post my follow-up questions here). I am anxiously getting ready at long last to to carry out a clean install (using custom install option) from Vista to Windows-7 Home Premium 64bit with the free upgrade I received late October. For my Vista system I successfully set-up last Summer a multi-partitions scheme with Users and Program Data on a a different partition than the operating system (see link below, and its subsequent links in my comment for details). http://tuts4tech.net/2009/08/05/windows-7-move-the-users-and-program-files-directories-to-a-different-partition/comment-page-1/#comment-562 I was planning a similar set-up for windows 7, a little more streamlined, with OS, Program Files on C:, Users and Program Data on D:, and TV media recording on a separate partition. Reading the Question submitted by Benjol, I am second guessing too. Is moving Users and Program Data on a different partition than the default primary partition with OS and Program Files such a good idea? The couple of people I talked to at the official Microsoft Windows 7 booth at CES 2010 gave the same answer to the intention of moving the Users profile folder to another partition. In a nutshell, they all told me that they used to do this in XP and less in Vista but not anymore with Windows 7... "It is stable, after two months still no problem" I had the feeling it was a scripted answer to emphasize how Windows 7 is so stable and efficient... (Will Windows-7 system not become bugged down over the course of several months to a year or two? Only time will tell) Long story short, I share the same view than Benjol expressed with respect to being "able to backup and restore system and user data independently." I just received a 2TB usb2, eSATA external hard drive as a back-up drive, which includes NTI Shadow 4 (4.1.0.150) for back-up solution. I took note of the issue with NTUSER.DAT and I will read more about Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) for Windows 7. I am willing to put the effort if placing Users and Program Data on a different partition would allow to restore a fresher OS+Program image when the system gets bugged down. Questions: Is it such a bad idea? What is the "easy route" referred by Benjol in his post? Is it to just relocate folders to another partition using the Folder property tool? (It is not practical for several users and might not provide a straightforward restore process of just OS and Program Files when needed.) I am starting to learn about Windows 7 libraries. Would Windows 7 libraries be another alternative to achieve this? All this reading to decide how to organize the partition scheme for my custom system is starting to be confusing. I apologize for this lengthy Question. It is my first day here on SuperUser and I am just learning how different from a discussion thread it is. Thank you in advance for all your suggestions and comments. Donat

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  • how to mount a partition inside a partition

    - by facha
    Hello, everyone I have a block device (/dev/sda5) that has been partitioned inside by a virtual machine. So, when I look inside with fdisk /dev/sda5, I see: sda5p1 sda5p2 and so on. Is it possible to mount them on my host system? Thanks in advance.

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