How does IPv4 Subnetting Work?

Posted by Kyle Brandt on Server Fault See other posts from Server Fault or by Kyle Brandt
Published on 2009-08-04T14:05:31Z Indexed on 2012/08/29 15:40 UTC
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This is a Canonical Question about IPv4 Subnets

How does Subnetting Work, and How do you do it by hand or in your head? Can someone explain both conceptually and with several examples? Server Fault gets lots of subnetting homework questions, so we could use an answer to point them to on Server Fault itself.

  • What is classless routing and why is class-based routing obsolete?
  • If I have a network, how do I figure out how to split it up?
  • If I am given a netmask, how do I know what the network Range is for it?
  • Sometimes there is a slash followed by a number, what is that number?
  • Sometimes there is a subnet mask, but also a wildcard mask, they seem like the same thing but they are different?
  • Someone mentioned something about knowing binary for this?
  • What is NAT (Network Address Translation).

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