I roughly understand that cc, ld and other parts are called in a certain sequence according to schemes like Makefiles etc. Some of those commands are used to generate those configs and Makefiles. And some other tools are used to deal with libraries. But what are other parts used for? How are they called in this process? Which tool would use various parser generators? Which part is optional? Why?

Is there a brief summary get these explained on how the tools in a GNU or LLVM/Clang toolchain are organised and called in a C/C++ project building?

Thanks in advance.

EDIT:

Here is a list of executables for Clang/LLVM on Mac OS X:

ar clang dsymutil gperf libtool nmedit rpcgen unwinddump as clang++ dwarfdump gprof lorder otool segedit vgrind asa cmpdylib dyldinfo indent m4 pagestuff size what bison codesign_allocate flex install_name_tool mig ranlib strip yacc c++ ctags flex++ ld mkdep rebase unifdef cc ctf_insert gm4 lex nm redo_prebinding unifdefall