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• Linux centos trouble with egrep command in words folder

  - by seth

  i need the commands to list these things for a class but for the life of me i cannot figure it out if anyone could offer any insight on how to get so specific with the egrep command or just answer the questions it would be highly appreciated some i have already figured out but if they look wrong any corrections may help too List all words that have the letter a followed immediately by the letter z. egrep {a,}{z,} words List all words that have the letter a followed sometime later by the letter z (there must be at least one letter in between). Egrep {a,?,z} words List all words that start with the letter a and end with the letter z. egrep "^a.*z$" words List all five letter words that start with the letter a and end with the letter z. List all words that start with two capital letters followed immediately by at least one lower case letter. List all words with two consecutive a’s or i’s or u’s. Use {2} to denote “two consecutive” and the pipe character, |, to denote “or”. egrep [a|i|o] {2} words List all words that contain a q where the q is not immediately followed by a u. For instance, queen should not be in your list but Iraqi should be. List all entries in the file that contain at least one non-letter.

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• why egrep's stdout did not go through pipe?

  - by ccfenix

  Hi, i got a weird problem regarding egrep and pipe I tried to filter a stream containing some lines who start with a topic name, such as "TICK:this is a tick message\n" When I try to use egrep to filter it : ./stream_generator | egrep 'TICK' | ./topic_processor It seems that the topic_processor never receives any messages However, when i use the following python script: ./stream_generator | python filter.py --topics TICK | ./topic_processor everything looks to be fine. I guess there need to be a 'flush' mechanism for egrep as well, is this correct? Can anyone here give me a clue? Thanks a million import sys from optparse import OptionParser if __name__ == '__main__': parser = OptionParser() parser.add_option("-m", "--topics", action="store", type="string", dest="topics") (opts, args) = parser.parse_args() topics = opts.topics.split(':') while True: s = sys.stdin.readline() for each in topics: if s[0:4] == each: sys.stdout.write(s) sys.stdout.flush()

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• using egrep to find missing @ in log

  - by jols

  I am using the following command to find log entries that are the result of a log in to the email server: egrep '_login[^ ]' /var/log/exim_mainlog That works fine to find entries that contain content like this: P=esmtpa A=courier_login:[email protected] S=1573 id=f1cd08396,... But what I need to do is to change my grep statement, so that it finds single word logins that do not use the @ sign, like so: P=esmtpa A=courier_login:name S=1573 id=f1cd08396,... Where the log in before was "[email protected]", but in the second log entry, the log in used was only "name". Is this possible using grep or egrep, perhaps in some kind of a compound statement? Thanks much.

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• Alternatives for 'egrep -o "success|error|fail" <filename> | sort | uniq -c'

  - by Wolfy

  I sometime need to check some logs and I do this with this command: egrep -o "success|error|fail" <filename> | sort | uniq -c Sample input: test error on line 10 test connect success test insert success test started at 00:00 test delete fail Sample output: 1 error 1 fail 2 success I would like to know if someone knows a way to do this with a shorter command? Before you ask why I would like to do this with an different command... No special reason, I'm just curious :)

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• Tarballing without git metadata

  - by zaf

  My source tree contains several directories which are using git source control and I need to tarball the whole tree excluding any references to the git metadata or custom log files. I thought I'd have a go using a combo of find/egrep/xargs/tar but somehow the tar file contains the .git directories and the *.log files. This is what I have: find -type f . | egrep -v '\.git|\.log' | xargs tar rvf ~/app.tar Can someone explain my misunderstanding here? Why is tar processing the files that find and egrep are filtering? I'm open to other techniques as well.

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• Linux bash: when to use egrep instead of grep?

  - by Michael Mao

  Hi all : I am preparing for a Linux terminal assessment now, I tried to Google and found most resources are referring to the basic "grep" rather than the more powerful "egrep" -- well, that is at least what the professor said in lecture. I am always working with small samples so performance tuning is a thing too far away. So basically I'd like to know are there any areas where I must switch to egrep to do it in a better way? Is it safe to work with basic "grep" as for now? will there be potential risks? Sorry about my limited knowledge on Linux shell commands, the man page looks like a maze to me and honestly I haven't put much time in understanding all the features both command provide.

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• grep: excluding lines that begin with a blank character

  - by Phenom

  I have a text file where some lines have a character at the beginning and some lines don't. I want to print the text file to screen, excluding the lines that don't have a character at the beginning. Can I do this with grep?

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• How to egrep the first character in second column?

  - by Steve

  using egrep, how can i print all lastnames start with K or k ??? Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900 Lesley Kirstin:408-456-1234:4 Harvard Square, Boston, MA 02133:4/22/62:52600 Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900 Lesley kirstin:408-456-1234:4 Harvard Square, Boston, MA 02133:4/22/62:52600 William Kopf:846-836-2837:6937 Ware Road, Milton, PA 93756:9/21/46:43500 Arthur Putie:923-835-8745:23 Wimp Lane, Kensington, DL 38758:8/31/69:126000

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• Linux bash: when to use egrep instead of grep?

  - by Michael Mao

  Hi all : I am preparing for a Linux terminal assessment now, I tried to Google and found most resources are referring to the basic "grep" rather than the more powerful "egrep" -- well, that is at least what the professor said in lecture. I am always working with small samples so performance tuning is a thing too far away. So basically I'd like to know are there any areas where I must switch to egrep to do it in a better way? Is it safe to work with basic "grep" as for now? will there be potential risks? Sorry about my limited knowledge on Linux shell commands, the man page looks like a maze to me and honestly I haven't put much time in understanding all the features both command provide.

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• Command passed as argument to shell script

  - by raj_arni

  Hi, I want to pass a command to a shell script. This command is a grep command. While executing I am getting the following errors, please help: myscript.sh "egrep 'ERROR|FATAL' \*20100428\*.log | grep -v aString" myscript.sh is a simple script: #!/bin/ksh cd log $1 the errors are: egrep: can't open | egrep: can't open grep egrep: can't open -v egrep: can't open aString Error is because egrap sees |, grep, -v and aString as arguments.

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• Cross-platform, human-readable, du on root partition that truly ignores other filesystems

  - by nice_line

  I hate this so much: Linux builtsowell 2.6.18-274.7.1.el5 #1 SMP Mon Oct 17 11:57:14 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux df -kh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/mpath0p2 8.8G 8.7G 90M 99% / /dev/mapper/mpath0p6 2.0G 37M 1.9G 2% /tmp /dev/mapper/mpath0p3 5.9G 670M 4.9G 12% /var /dev/mapper/mpath0p1 494M 86M 384M 19% /boot /dev/mapper/mpath0p7 7.3G 187M 6.7G 3% /home tmpfs 48G 6.2G 42G 14% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/o10g.bin 25G 7.4G 17G 32% /app/SIP/logs /dev/mapper/o11g.bin 25G 11G 14G 43% /o11g tmpfs 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /dev/vx lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_backup/epmxs1q1 686G 507G 180G 74% /rpmqa/backup lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/bisxs1q1 4.0G 1.6G 2.5G 38% /bisxs1q/rdoctl1 lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_backup/bisxs1q1 686G 507G 180G 74% /bisxs1q/backup lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_exp/bisxs1q1 2.0T 1.1T 984G 52% /bisxs1q/exp lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_home/bisxs1q1 10G 174M 9.9G 2% /bisxs1q/home lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_data/bisxs1q1 52G 5.2G 47G 10% /bisxs1q/oradata lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/bisxs1q2 4.0G 1.6G 2.5G 38% /bisxs1q/rdoctl2 ip-address1:/vol/oradb_home/cspxs1q1 10G 184M 9.9G 2% /cspxs1q/home ip-address2:/vol/oradb_backup/cspxs1q1 674G 314G 360G 47% /cspxs1q/backup ip-address2:/vol/oradb_redo/cspxs1q1 4.0G 1.5G 2.6G 37% /cspxs1q/rdoctl1 ip-address2:/vol/oradb_exp/cspxs1q1 4.1T 1.5T 2.6T 37% /cspxs1q/exp ip-address2:/vol/oradb_redo/cspxs1q2 4.0G 1.5G 2.6G 37% /cspxs1q/rdoctl2 ip-address1:/vol/oradb_data/cspxs1q1 160G 23G 138G 15% /cspxs1q/oradata lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_exp/epmxs1q1 2.0T 1.1T 984G 52% /epmxs1q/exp lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_home/epmxs1q1 10G 80M 10G 1% /epmxs1q/home lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_data/epmxs1q1 330G 249G 82G 76% /epmxs1q/oradata lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/epmxs1q2 5.0G 609M 4.5G 12% /epmxs1q/rdoctl2 lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/epmxs1q1 5.0G 609M 4.5G 12% /epmxs1q/rdoctl1 /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol1 183G 17G 157G 10% /slaxs1q/backup /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol4 173G 58G 106G 36% /slaxs1q/oradata /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol5 75G 952M 71G 2% /slaxs1q/exp /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol2 9.8G 381M 8.9G 5% /slaxs1q/home /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol6 4.0G 1.6G 2.2G 42% /slaxs1q/rdoctl1 /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol3 4.0G 1.6G 2.2G 42% /slaxs1q/rdoctl2 /dev/mapper/appoem 30G 1.3G 27G 5% /app/em Yet, I equally, if not quite a bit more, also hate this: SunOS solarious 5.10 Generic_147440-19 sun4u sparc SUNW,SPARC-Enterprise Filesystem size used avail capacity Mounted on kiddie001Q_rpool/ROOT/s10s_u8wos_08a 8G 7.7G 1.3G 96% / /devices 0K 0K 0K 0% /devices ctfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/contract proc 0K 0K 0K 0% /proc mnttab 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/mnttab swap 15G 1.8M 15G 1% /etc/svc/volatile objfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/object sharefs 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/dfs/sharetab fd 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/fd kiddie001Q_rpool/ROOT/s10s_u8wos_08a/var 31G 8.3G 6.6G 56% /var swap 512M 4.6M 507M 1% /tmp swap 15G 88K 15G 1% /var/run swap 15G 0K 15G 0% /dev/vx/dmp swap 15G 0K 15G 0% /dev/vx/rdmp /dev/dsk/c3t4d4s0 3 20G 279G 41G 88% /fs_storage /dev/vx/dsk/oracle/ora10g-vol1 292G 214G 73G 75% /o10g /dev/vx/dsk/oec/oec-vol1 64G 33G 31G 52% /oec/runway /dev/vx/dsk/oracle/ora9i-vol1 64G 33G 31G 59% /o9i /dev/vx/dsk/home 23G 18G 4.7G 80% /export/home /dev/vx/dsk/dbwork/dbwork-vol1 292G 214G 73G 92% /db03/wk01 /dev/vx/dsk/oradg/ebusredovol 2.0G 475M 1.5G 24% /u21 /dev/vx/dsk/oradg/ebusbckupvol 200G 32G 166G 17% /u31 /dev/vx/dsk/oradg/ebuscrtlvol 2.0G 475M 1.5G 24% /u20 kiddie001Q_rpool 31G 97K 6.6G 1% /kiddie001Q_rpool monsterfiler002q:/vol/ebiz_patches_nfs/NSA0304 203G 173G 29G 86% /oracle/patches /dev/odm 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/odm The people with the authority don't rotate logs or delete packages after install in my environment. Standards, remediation, cohesion...all fancy foreign words to me. ============== How am I supposed to deal with / filesystem full issues across multiple platforms that have a devastating number of mounts? On Red Hat el5, du -x apparently avoids traversal into other filesystems. While this may be so, it does not appear to do anything if run from the / directory. On Solaris 10, the equivalent flag is du -d, which apparently packs no surprises, allowing Sun to uphold its legacy of inconvenience effortlessly. (I'm hoping I've just been doing it wrong.) I offer up for sacrifice my Frankenstein's monster. Tell me how ugly it is. Tell me I should download forbidden 3rd party software. Tell me I should perform unauthorized coreutils updates, piecemeal, across 2000 systems, with no single sign-on, no authorized keys, and no network update capability. Then, please help me make this bastard better: pwd / du * | egrep -v "$(echo $(df | awk '{print $1 "\n" $5 "\n" $6}' | \ cut -d\/ -f2-5 | egrep -v "[0-9]|^$|Filesystem|Use|Available|Mounted|blocks|vol|swap")| \ sed 's/ /\|/g')" | egrep -v "proc|sys|media|selinux|dev|platform|system|tmp|tmpfs|mnt|kernel" | \ cut -d\/ -f1-2 | sort -k2 -k1,1nr | uniq -f1 | sort -k1,1n | cut -f2 | xargs du -shx | \ egrep "G|[5-9][0-9]M|[1-9][0-9][0-9]M" My biggest failure and regret is that it still requires a single character edit for Solaris: pwd / du * | egrep -v "$(echo $(df | awk '{print $1 "\n" $5 "\n" $6}' | \ cut -d\/ -f2-5 | egrep -v "[0-9]|^$|Filesystem|Use|Available|Mounted|blocks|vol|swap")| \ sed 's/ /\|/g')" | egrep -v "proc|sys|media|selinux|dev|platform|system|tmp|tmpfs|mnt|kernel" | \ cut -d\/ -f1-2 | sort -k2 -k1,1nr | uniq -f1 | sort -k1,1n | cut -f2 | xargs du -shd | \ egrep "G|[5-9][0-9]M|[1-9][0-9][0-9]M" This will exclude all non / filesystems in a du search from the / directory by basically munging an egrepped df from a second pipe-delimited egrep regex subshell exclusion that is naturally further excluded upon by a third egrep in what I would like to refer to as "the whale." The munge-fest frantically escalates into some xargs du recycling where -x/-d is actually useful, and a final, gratuitous egrep spits out a list of directories that almost feels like an accomplishment: Linux: 54M etc/gconf 61M opt/quest 77M opt 118M usr/ ##===\ 149M etc 154M root 303M lib/modules 313M usr/java ##====\ 331M lib 357M usr/lib64 ##=====\ 433M usr/lib ##========\ 1.1G usr/share ##=======\ 3.2G usr/local ##========\ 5.4G usr ##<=============Ascending order to parent 94M app/SIP ##<==\ 94M app ##<=======Were reported as 7gb and then corrected by second du with -x. Solaris: 63M etc 490M bb 570M root/cores.ric.20100415 1.7G oec/archive 1.1G root/packages 2.2G root 1.7G oec Guess what? It's really slow. Edit: Are there any bash one-liner heroes out there than can turn my bloated abomination into divine intervention, or at least something resembling gingerly copypasta?

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• Grepping grep output fails

  - by viraptor

  I'm trying to grep the output of ngrep. Unfortunately when I add another grep to the pipeline, I get no output at all. It can be some other command too - cat / grep / tee - everything breaks the chain. Example: # this works: $ ngrep -l -q -T -Wbyline -d any udp and port 5060 | egrep -B1 '^SIP/2.0 180' -- U +1.469535 xxx:5060 -> xxx:5060 SIP/2.0 180 Ringing. -- U +0.001384 xxx:5060 -> xxx:2048 SIP/2.0 180 Ringing. but #these don't: $ ngrep -l -q -T -Wbyline -d any udp and port 5060 | egrep -B1 '^SIP/2.0 180' | egrep '^U' $ ngrep -l -q -T -Wbyline -d any udp and port 5060 | egrep -B1 '^SIP/2.0 180' | cat $ ngrep -l -q -T -Wbyline -d any udp and port 5060 | egrep -B1 '^SIP/2.0 180' | tee test If I use cat somefile instead of ngrep at the start, everything works as expected. Any ideas what could go wrong here?

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• No Alias's when sudo'ing

  - by Danny Roberts

  I was playing around with aliases today and I noticed that aliases don't seem to be available whilst using sudo: danny@kaon:~$ alias alias egrep='egrep --color=auto' alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto' alias grep='grep --color=auto' alias l='ls -CF' alias la='ls -A' alias ll='ls -alF' alias ls='ls --color=auto' danny@kaon:~$ ll -d / drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 2011-01-06 20:29 // danny@kaon:~$ sudo -i root@kaon:~# ll -d / drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 2011-01-06 20:29 // root@kaon:~# exit logout danny@kaon:~$ sudo ll -d / sudo: ll: command not found Is there any reason why you cannot use aliases whilst using sudo?

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• Aliases not available when using sudo

  - by Danny Roberts

  I was playing around with aliases today and I noticed that aliases don't seem to be available whilst using sudo: danny@kaon:~$ alias alias egrep='egrep --color=auto' alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto' alias grep='grep --color=auto' alias l='ls -CF' alias la='ls -A' alias ll='ls -alF' alias ls='ls --color=auto' danny@kaon:~$ ll -d / drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 2011-01-06 20:29 // danny@kaon:~$ sudo -i root@kaon:~# ll -d / drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 2011-01-06 20:29 // root@kaon:~# exit logout danny@kaon:~$ sudo ll -d / sudo: ll: command not found Is there any reason why you cannot use aliases whilst using sudo?

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• Bash alias with piping

  - by n8felton

  I'm not exactly sure what I'm doing wrong with this one. I'm trying to run the command alias localip='ip -4 -o addr show eth0 | egrep -o '([[:digit:]]{1,3}\.){3}[[:digit:]]{1,3}' | head -n 1' If I run the command ip -4 -o addr show eth0 | egrep -o '([[:digit:]]{1,3}\.){3}[[:digit:]]{1,3}' | head -n 1 I get the result I expect, however, when trying to create an alias with the command, I get -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(' Any help would be appreciated. TIA.

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• Font gets enlarged when rotating screen

  - by queueoverflow

  I have a new ThinkPad X220 Tablet with Kubuntu 12.04. When I rotate the screen 90° with a script, the fonts of all programs that I open after the rotation have ugly huge fonts. #!/bin/sh # Find the line in "xrandr -q --verbose" output that contains current screen orientation and "strip" out current orientation. rotation="$(xrandr -q --verbose | grep 'connected' | egrep -o '\) (normal|left|inverted|right) \(' | egrep -o '(normal|left|inverted|right)')" # Using current screen orientation proceed to rotate screen and input tools. case "$rotation" in normal) # rotate to the left xrandr -o right xsetwacom set "Wacom ISDv4 E6 Pen stylus" rotate cw xsetwacom set "Wacom ISDv4 E6 Finger touch" rotate cw xsetwacom set "Wacom ISDv4 E6 Pen eraser" rotate cw ;; right) # rotate to normal xrandr -o normal xsetwacom set "Wacom ISDv4 E6 Pen stylus" rotate none xsetwacom set "Wacom ISDv4 E6 Finger touch" rotate none xsetwacom set "Wacom ISDv4 E6 Pen eraser" rotate none ;; esac

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• FreeBSD 8 and Samba 3.3 Samba seems to crash/not start?

  - by scraft3613

  I am both new to FreeBSD and Samba, and with that in mind ... I installed Samba 3.3. from Ports. I have this in my rc.conf: #samba nmbd_enable="YES" smbd_enable="YES" winbindd_enable="YES" I can see an active PID: prod1# cat /var/run/smbd.pid 24426 But it seems like smbd isn't running: prod1# ps -auwxx | egrep '[sn]mbd' root 24513 0.0 0.3 21108 4672 ?? Ss Sat02PM 0:00.71 /usr/local/sbin/nmbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf If I restart samba with /usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba restart it runs: prod1# ps -auwxx | egrep '[sn]mbd' root 30188 0.0 0.3 21080 4700 ?? Ss 2:49PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/nmbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf root 30196 0.0 0.6 35520 10952 ?? Ss 2:49PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/smbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf root 30198 0.0 0.6 35520 10880 ?? S 2:49PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/smbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf Until I do: prod1# smbclient -L prod1 Connection to prod1 failed (Error NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_REFUSED) prod1# prod1# ps -auwxx | egrep '[sn]mbd' root 30188 0.0 0.3 21080 4700 ?? Ss 2:49PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/nmbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf What should I be checking to find out what's going on?

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• Determine from where is "sh" being run under apache www-data user using using PF or NETSTAT

  - by Eugene van der Merwe

  I am working with a compromised Ubuntu 8.04 Plesk 9.5.4 server. It seems that a script on the server is continuously doing reverse lookups to random IPs on the Internet. I first spotted it during by using top and then noticed flashes of this coming up continuously: sh -c host -W 1 '198.204.241.10' I wrote a this script to interrogate ps every 1 second to see how frequently this script happens: #!/bin/bash while : do ps -ef | egrep -i "sh -c host" sleep 1 done The results are that this script runs often, every few seconds: www-data 17762 8332 1 10:07 ? 00:00:00 sh -c host -W 1 '59.58.139.134' www-data 17772 8332 1 10:07 ? 00:00:00 sh -c host -W 1 '59.58.139.134' www-data 17879 17869 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 sh -c host -W 1 '198.204.241.10' www-data 17879 17869 1 10:07 ? 00:00:00 sh -c host -W 1 '198.204.241.10' www-data 17879 17869 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 sh -c host -W 1 '198.204.241.10' root 18031 17756 0 10:07 pts/2 00:00:00 egrep -i sh -c host www-data 18078 16704 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 sh -c host -W 1 '59.58.139.134' www-data 18125 17996 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 sh -c host -W 1 '91.124.51.65' root 18131 17756 0 10:07 pts/2 00:00:00 egrep -i sh -c host www-data 18137 17869 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 sh -c host -W 1 '198.204.241.10' www-data 18137 17869 1 10:07 ? 00:00:00 sh -c host -W 1 '198.204.241.10' My theory is if I can see who is launching the sh process or form where it's launched I can isolate the problem further. Can somebody please guide me using netstat or ps to identify from where sh is being run? I might get many suggestions that the OS is out of date and so the Plesk, but please bear in mind there are some very concrete reasons why this server is running legacy software. My question is aimed at a advanced Linux systems administrators who have in depth experience with security compromises and using netstat and ps to get to the bottom of it.

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• Intelligent "Subtraction" of one text logfile from another

  - by Vi

  Example: Application generates large text log file A with many different messages. It generates similarly large log file B when does not function correctly. I want to see what messages in file B are essentially new, i.e. to filter-out everything from A. Trivial prototype is: Sort | uniq both files Join files sort | uniq -c grep -v "^2" This produces symmetric difference and inconvenient. How to do it better? (including non-symmetric difference and preserving of messages order in B) Program should first analyse A and learn which messages are common, then analyse B showing with messages needs attention. Ideally it should automatically disregard things like timestamps, line numbers or other volatile things. Example. A: 0:00:00.234 Received buffer 0x324234 0:00:00.237 Processeed buffer 0x324234 0:00:00.238 Send buffer 0x324255 0:00:03.334 Received buffer 0x324255 0:00:03.337 Processeed buffer 0x324255 0:00:03.339 Send buffer 0x324255 0:00:05.171 Received buffer 0x32421A 0:00:05.173 Processeed buffer 0x32421A 0:00:05.178 Send buffer 0x32421A B: 0:00:00.134 Received buffer 0x324111 0:00:00.137 Processeed buffer 0x324111 0:00:00.138 Send buffer 0x324111 0:00:03.334 Received buffer 0x324222 0:00:03.337 Processeed buffer 0x324222 0:00:03.338 Error processing buffer 0x324222 0:00:03.339 Send buffer 0x3242222 0:00:05.271 Received buffer 0x3242FA 0:00:05.273 Processeed buffer 0x3242FA 0:00:05.278 Send buffer 0x3242FA 0:00:07.280 Send buffer 0x3242FA failed Result: 0:00:03.338 Error processing buffer 0x324222 0:00:07.280 Send buffer 0x3242FA failed One of ways of solving it can be something like that: Split each line to logical units: 0:00:00.134 Received buffer 0x324111,0:00:00.134,Received,buffer,0x324111,324111,Received buffer, \d:\d\d:\d\d\.\d\d\d, \d+:\d+:\d+.\d+, 0x[0-9A-F]{6}, ... It should find individual words, simple patterns in numbers, common layouts (e.g. "some date than text than number than text than end_of_line"), also handle combinations of above. As it is not easy task, user assistance (adding regexes with explicit "disregard that","make the main factor","don't split to parts","consider as date/number","take care of order/quantity of such messages" rules) should be supported (but not required) for it. Find recurring units and "categorize" lines, filter out too volatile things like timestamps, addresses or line numbers. Analyse the second file, find things that has new logical units (one-time or recurring), or anything that will "amaze" the system which has got used to the first file. Example of doing some bit of this manually: $ cat A | head -n 1 0:00:00.234 Received buffer 0x324234 $ cat A | egrep -v "Received buffer" | head -n 1 0:00:00.237 Processeed buffer 0x324234 $ cat A | egrep -v "Received buffer|Processeed buffer" | head -n 1 0:00:00.238 Send buffer 0x324255 $ cat A | egrep -v "Received buffer|Processeed buffer|Send buffer" | head -n 1 $ cat B | egrep -v "Received buffer|Processeed buffer|Send buffer" 0:00:03.338 Error processing buffer 0x324222 0:00:07.280 Send buffer 0x3242FA failed This is a boring thing (there are a lot of message types); also I can accidentally include some too broad pattern. Also it can't handle complicated things like interrelation between messages. I know that it is AI-related. May be there are already developed tools?

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• Why grep -i is so slow? How to do it faster for ASCII?

  - by Vi.

  $ time lzop -d < tvtropes-index.lzo | egrep -B 5 '[Dd][eE][sS][cC][eE][nN][dD] ?[Ff][rR][oO][mM]' real 0m0.438s $ time lzop -d < tvtropes-index.lzo | egrep -B 5 'descend ?from' -i real 0m11.294s Both search insensitively. why -i so slow? How to make fast grep -i without entering things [iI][nN] [tT][hH][iI][sS] [wW][aA][Yy]? For example, perl -ne 'print if /descend ?from/i' works fast, but '-B 5' is not as trivial to implement as in grep (as well as other options).

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• Why is 'grep -i' so slow? How to do it faster for ASCII?

  - by Vi.

  Consider: $ time lzop -d < tvtropes-index.lzo | egrep -B 5 '[Dd][eE][sS][cC][eE][nN][dD] ?[Ff][rR][oO][mM]' real 0m0.438s $ time lzop -d < tvtropes-index.lzo | egrep -B 5 'descend ?from' -i real 0m11.294s Both search case insensitively. Why is the -i version so slow? How do I make grep -i fast without entering things like [iI][nN] [tT][hH][iI][sS] [wW][aA][Yy]? For example, perl -ne 'print if /descend ?from/i' works fast, but '-B 5' is not as trivial to implement as in grep (as well as other options).

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• using Awk inside Perl script

  - by papoyan

  My first question in stackoverflow! I'm having trouble using the following code inside my perl script, any advise is really appreciated, how to correct the syntax? # If I execute in bash, it's working just fine bash$ whois google.com | egrep "\w+([._-]\w)*@\w+([._-]\w)*\.\w{2,4}" |awk ' {for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {if ( $i ~ /[[:alpha:]]@[[:alpha:]]/ ) { print $i}}}'|head -n1 [email protected] #----------------------------------- #but this doesn't work bash$ ./email.pl google.com awk: {for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {if ( ~ /[[:alpha:]]@[[:alpha:]]/ ) { print }}} awk: ^ syntax error # Here is my script bash$ cat email.pl ####\#!/usr/bin/perl $input = lc shift @ARGV; $host = $input; my $email = `whois $host | egrep "\w+([._-]\w)*@\w+([._-]\w)*\.\w{2,4}" |awk ' {for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {if ( $i ~ /[[:alpha:]]@[[:alpha:]]/ ) { print $i}}}'|head -1`; print my $email; bash$ Thank you in advance !

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• How can I use Awk inside a Perl script?

  - by papoyan

  I'm having trouble using the following code inside my Perl script, any advise is really appreciated, how to correct the syntax? # If I execute in bash, it's working just fine bash$ whois google.com | egrep "\w+([._-]\w)*@\w+([._-]\w)*\.\w{2,4}" |awk ' {for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {if ( $i ~ /[[:alpha:]]@[[:alpha:]]/ ) { print $i}}}'|head -n1 [email protected] #----------------------------------- #but this doesn't work bash$ ./email.pl google.com awk: {for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {if ( ~ /[[:alpha:]]@[[:alpha:]]/ ) { print }}} awk: ^ syntax error # Here is my script bash$ cat email.pl ####\#!/usr/bin/perl $input = lc shift @ARGV; $host = $input; my $email = `whois $host | egrep "\w+([._-]\w)*@\w+([._-]\w)*\.\w{2,4}" |awk ' {for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {if ( $i ~ /[[:alpha:]]@[[:alpha:]]/ ) { print $i}}}'|head -1`; print my $email; bash$

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• Determining cause of high NFS/IO utilization without iotop

  - by Matt

  I have a server that is doing an NFSv4 export for user's home directories. There are roughly 25 users (mostly developers/analysts) and about 40 servers mounting the home directory export. Performance is miserable, with users often seeing multi-second lags for simple commands (like ls, or writing a small text file). Sometimes the home directory mount completely hangs for minutes, with users getting "permission denied" errors. The hardware is a Dell R510 with dual E5620 CPUs and 8 GB RAM. There are eight 15k 2.5” 600 GB drives (Seagate ST3600057SS) configured in hardware RAID-6 with a single hot spare. RAID controller is a Dell PERC H700 w/512MB cache (Linux sees this as a LSI MegaSAS 9260). OS is CentOS 5.6, home directory partition is ext3, with options “rw,data=journal,usrquota”. I have the HW RAID configured to present two virtual disks to the OS: /dev/sda for the OS (boot, root and swap partitions), and /dev/sdb for the home directories. What I find curious, and suspicious, is that the sda device often has very high utilization, even though it only contains the OS. I would expect this virtual drive to be idle almost all the time. The system is not swapping, according to "free" and "vmstat". Why would there be major load on this device? Here is a 30-second snapshot from iostat: Time: 09:37:28 AM Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 44.09 0.03 107.76 0.13 607.40 11.27 0.89 8.27 7.27 78.35 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 44.09 0.03 107.76 0.13 607.40 11.27 0.89 8.27 7.27 78.35 sdb 0.00 2616.53 0.67 157.88 2.80 11098.83 140.04 8.57 54.08 4.21 66.68 sdb1 0.00 2616.53 0.67 157.88 2.80 11098.83 140.04 8.57 54.08 4.21 66.68 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.03 151.82 0.13 607.26 8.00 1.25 8.23 5.16 78.35 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-2 0.00 0.00 0.67 2774.84 2.80 11099.37 8.00 474.30 170.89 0.24 66.84 dm-3 0.00 0.00 0.67 2774.84 2.80 11099.37 8.00 474.30 170.89 0.24 66.84 Looks like iotop is the ideal tool to use to sniff out these kinds of issues. But I'm on CentOS 5.6, which doesn't have a new enough kernel to support that program. I looked at Determining which process is causing heavy disk I/O?, and besides iotop, one of the suggestions said to do a "echo 1 /proc/sys/vm/block_dump". I did that (after directing kernel messages to tempfs). In about 13 minutes I had about 700k reads or writes, roughly half from kjournald and the other half from nfsd: # egrep " kernel: .*(READ|WRITE)" messages | wc -l 768439 # egrep " kernel: kjournald.*(READ|WRITE)" messages | wc -l 403615 # egrep " kernel: nfsd.*(READ|WRITE)" messages | wc -l 314028 For what it's worth, for the last hour, utilization has constantly been over 90% for the home directory drive. My 30-second iostat keeps showing output like this: Time: 09:36:30 PM Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 6.46 0.20 11.33 0.80 71.71 12.58 0.24 20.53 14.37 16.56 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 6.46 0.20 11.33 0.80 71.71 12.58 0.24 20.53 14.37 16.56 sdb 137.29 7.00 549.92 3.80 22817.19 43.19 82.57 3.02 5.45 1.74 96.32 sdb1 137.29 7.00 549.92 3.80 22817.19 43.19 82.57 3.02 5.45 1.74 96.32 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.20 17.76 0.80 71.04 8.00 0.38 21.21 9.22 16.57 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-2 0.00 0.00 687.47 10.80 22817.19 43.19 65.48 4.62 6.61 1.43 99.81 dm-3 0.00 0.00 687.47 10.80 22817.19 43.19 65.48 4.62 6.61 1.43 99.82

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• Error accessing or executing Nagios / Icinga binary '/usr/sbin/nagios'. Cannot run the mandatory syntax check

  - by Zim3r

  I see an error while using NConf interface in Generate Nagios config Error accessing or executing Nagios / Icinga binary '/usr/sbin/nagios'. Cannot run the mandatory syntax check. I checked Apache Error_log and it says: sh: /usr/sbin/nagios: Permission denied I tried changing permissions and ownership but no change. How can I fix this? Edit: ls -l /usr/sbin/nagios -rwxrwxrwx. 1 apache apache 644184 Jul 2 02:10 /usr/sbin/nagios ps -ef | egrep 'httpd|apache' root 4175 1 0 10:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 4177 4175 0 10:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 4178 4175 0 10:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 4179 4175 0 10:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 4180 4175 0 10:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 4181 4175 0 10:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 4182 4175 0 10:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 4183 4175 0 10:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 4184 4175 0 10:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 4559 4175 0 11:31 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd root 4888 4854 0 12:26 pts/1 00:00:00 egrep httpd|apache

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