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  • Jimmy Bogard to teach next MVC Boot Camp in Austin, TX on May 26th

    Jimmy Bogard is again teaching the MVC Boot Camp from Headspring.  http://www.headspringsystems.com/services/agile-training/mvc-training/ The class runs 3 days from May 26-28.  Give us a call at 512-459-2260 to inquire about an available discount. ...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • problem in concurrent web services

    - by user548750
    Hi All I have developed a web services. I am getting problem when two different user are trying to access web services concurrently. In web services two methods are there setInputParameter getUserService suppose Time User Operation 10:10 am user1 setInputParameter 10:15 am user2 setInputParameter 10:20 am user1 getUserService User1 is getting result according to the input parameter seted by user2 not by ( him own ) I am using axis2 1.4 ,eclipse ant build, My services are goes here User class service class service.xml build file testclass package com.jimmy.pojo; public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; private String[] addressCity; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String[] getAddressCity() { return addressCity; } public void setAddressCity(String[] addressCity) { this.addressCity = addressCity; } } [/code] [code=java]package com.jimmy.service; import com.jimmy.pojo.User; public class UserService { private User user; public void setInputParameter(User userInput) { user = userInput; } public User getUserService() { user.setFirstName(user.getFirstName() + " changed "); if (user.getAddressCity() == null) { user.setAddressCity(new String[] { "New City Added" }); } else { user.getAddressCity()[0] = "==========="; } return user; } } [/code] [code=java]<service name="MyWebServices" scope="application"> <description> My Web Service </description> <messageReceivers> <messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-only" class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCInOnlyMessageReceiver" /> <messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-out" class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" /> </messageReceivers> <parameter name="ServiceClass">com.jimmy.service.UserService </parameter> </service>[/code] [code=java] <project name="MyWebServices" basedir="." default="generate.service"> <property name="service.name" value="UserService" /> <property name="dest.dir" value="build" /> <property name="dest.dir.classes" value="${dest.dir}/${service.name}" /> <property name="dest.dir.lib" value="${dest.dir}/lib" /> <property name="axis2.home" value="../../" /> <property name="repository.path" value="${axis2.home}/repository" /> <path id="build.class.path"> <fileset dir="${axis2.home}/lib"> <include name="*.jar" /> </fileset> </path> <path id="client.class.path"> <fileset dir="${axis2.home}/lib"> <include name="*.jar" /> </fileset> <fileset dir="${dest.dir.lib}"> <include name="*.jar" /> </fileset> </path> <target name="clean"> <delete dir="${dest.dir}" /> <delete dir="src" includes="com/jimmy/pojo/stub/**"/> </target> <target name="prepare"> <mkdir dir="${dest.dir}" /> <mkdir dir="${dest.dir}/lib" /> <mkdir dir="${dest.dir.classes}" /> <mkdir dir="${dest.dir.classes}/META-INF" /> </target> <target name="generate.service" depends="clean,prepare"> <copy file="src/META-INF/services.xml" tofile="${dest.dir.classes}/META-INF/services.xml" overwrite="true" /> <javac srcdir="src" destdir="${dest.dir.classes}" includes="com/jimmy/service/**,com/jimmy/pojo/**"> <classpath refid="build.class.path" /> </javac> <jar basedir="${dest.dir.classes}" destfile="${dest.dir}/${service.name}.aar" /> <copy file="${dest.dir}/${service.name}.aar" tofile="${repository.path}/services/${service.name}.aar" overwrite="true" /> </target> </project> [/code] [code=java]package com.jimmy.test; import javax.xml.namespace.QName; import org.apache.axis2.AxisFault; import org.apache.axis2.addressing.EndpointReference; import org.apache.axis2.client.Options; import org.apache.axis2.rpc.client.RPCServiceClient; import com.jimmy.pojo.User; public class MyWebServices { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static void main(String[] args1) throws AxisFault { RPCServiceClient serviceClient = new RPCServiceClient(); Options options = serviceClient.getOptions(); EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference( "http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/MyWebServices"); options.setTo(targetEPR); // Setting the Input Parameter QName opSetQName = new QName("http://service.jimmy.com", "setInputParameter"); User user = new User(); String[] cityList = new String[] { "Bangalore", "Mumbai" }; /* We need to set this for user 2 as user 2 */ user.setFirstName("User 1 first name"); user.setLastName("User 1 Last name"); user.setAddressCity(cityList); Object[] opSetInptArgs = new Object[] { user }; serviceClient.invokeRobust(opSetQName, opSetInptArgs); // Getting the weather QName opGetWeather = new QName("http://service.jimmy.com", "getUserService"); Object[] opGetWeatherArgs = new Object[] {}; Class[] returnTypes = new Class[] { User.class }; Object[] response = serviceClient.invokeBlocking(opGetWeather, opGetWeatherArgs, returnTypes); System.out.println("Context :"+serviceClient.getServiceContext()); User result = (User) response[0]; if (result == null) { System.out.println("User is not initialized!"); return; } else { System.out.println("*********printing result********"); String[] list =result.getAddressCity(); System.out.println(result.getFirstName()); System.out.println(result.getLastName()); for (int indx = 0; indx < list.length ; indx++) { String string = result.getAddressCity()[indx]; System.out.println(string); } } } }

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  • beginning oop php question: do constructors take the place of getter?

    - by Joel
    I'm working through this tutorial: http://www.killerphp.com/tutorials/object-oriented-php/php-objects-page-3.php At first he has you create a setter and getter method in the class: <?php class person{ var $name; function set_name($new_name){ $this->name=$new_name; } function get_name(){ return $this->name; } } php?> And then you create the object and echo the results: <?php $stefan = new person(); $jimmy = new person(); $stefan ->set_name("Stefan Mischook"); $jimmy ->set_name("Nick Waddles"); echo "The first Object name is: ".$stefan->get_name(); echo "The second Object name is: ".$jimmy->get_name(); ?> Works as expected, and I understand. Then he introduces constructors: class person{ var $name; function __construct($persons_name) { $this->name = $persons_name; } function set_name($new_name){ $this->name=$new_name; } function get_name(){ return $this->name; } } And returns like so: <?php $joel = new person("Joel"); echo "The third Object name is: ".$joel->get_name(); ?> This is all fine and makes sense. Then I tried to combine the two and got an error, so I'm curious-is a constructor always taking the place of a "get" function? If you have a constructor, do you always need to include an argument when creating an object? Gives errors: <?php $stefan = new person(); $jimmy = new person(); $joel = new person("Joel Laviolette"); $stefan ->set_name("Stefan Mischook"); $jimmy ->set_name("Nick Waddles"); echo "The first Object name is: ".$stefan->get_name(); echo "The second Object name is: ".$jimmy->get_name(); echo "The third Object name is: ".$joel->get_name(); ?>

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  • Lubuntu 13.04 mysterious occurence of icons appearing to be dragged

    - by Jimmy
    On Lubuntu 13.04 every now and again, it appears as if an icon or file is being dragged across the screen...sometimes very short distances, sometimes longer. It seems to happen a short while after moving around Desktop icons. One or more mock drag and drop operations are visible. It's almost as if the actions are being replayed. What could be causing this? Is this a know issue? (Using nvidia-310-updates driver if any help). Any input would be much appreciated! Thank you Jimmy

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  • Mysql CASE and UPDATE

    - by Rosengusta Garrett
    I asked yesterday how I could update only the first column that was empty. I got this of a answer: UPDATE `names` SET `name_1` = CASE WHEN `name_1` = '' then 'Jimmy' else `name_1` end, `name_2` = CASE WHEN `name_1` != '' and `name_2` = '' then 'Jimmy' else `name_2` end I tried it and it ended up updating every column with 'Jimmy' what's wrong with this? I can't find anything. It could possibly be the structure of the database. So here is what each name_* column is setup like: # Name Type Collation Attributes Null Default Extra 1 name_1 varchar(255) latin1_swedish_ci No None

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  • sql db problem with windows authentication

    - by Jimmy
    Have a SQL Server 2008 db which I connect to the Windows Authentication .. has worked good for 7-8 months .. but now when I come to work today it no longer worked to connect, without that I had done something Error message was: Can not open user default database. Login failed. Login failed for user 'Jimmy-PC \ Jimmy'. where the first is the computer name and the second is the user. The problem seems to be that it tries to connect to the default database. Have tried to change it without success .. I do not have sql server management tools for sql 2008 but only to 2005, someone who has similar experience? who have not touched anything said over the weekend and it worked last Friday without any problems.

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  • Trying to run chrooted suPHP with UserDir, getting 500 server error

    - by Greg Antowski
    I've managed to get suPHP working fine with UserDir (i.e. PHP files run from the /home/$username/public_html) directory, but I can't get it to work when I chroot it to the user's home directory. I've been following this guide: http://compilefailure.blogspot.co.nz/2011/09/suphp-chroot-gotchas.html And adapting it to my needs. I'm not creating vhosts, I just want PHP scripts to be jailed to the user's home directory. I've gotten to the part where you use makejail and set up a symlink. However even with the symlink set up correctly, PHP scripts won't run. This is what's shown in the Apache error log: SoftException in Application.cpp:537: Could not execute script "/home/jimmy/public_html/test.php" [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Caused by SystemException in API_Linux.cpp:444: execve() for program "/usr/bin/php-cgi" failed: No such file or directory The thing is, if I try running either of the following commands in the terminal it works without any issues: /home/jimmy/usr/bin/php-cgi /home/jimmy/public_html/test.php /usr/bin/php-cgi /home/jimmy/public_html/test.php I've been trying for hours to get this going and documentation for this kind of stuff is almost non-existent. If anyone could help me out with this, I'd be extremely grateful.

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  • How do I share usercontrols/functionality between sites?

    - by Jimmy Engtröm
    Hi We have two asp.net sites (based on episerver). Using Telerik Asp.net controls. We have some funtionality that we want to have availible in both sites. Right now one of the sites use webparts/usercontrols and the other uses usercontrols. Is there any way to share the functionality between these sites? What I would like is to be able to share usercontrols between the sites. /Jimmy

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  • How do I parse file paths separated by a space in a string?

    - by user1130637
    Background: I am working in Automator on a wrapper to a command line utility. I need a way to separate an arbitrary number of file paths delimited by a single space from a single string, so that I may remove all but the first file path to pass to the program. Example input string: /Users/bobby/diddy dum/ding.mp4 /Users/jimmy/gone mia/come back jimmy.mp3 ... Desired output: /Users/bobby/diddy dum/ding.mp4 Part of the problem is the inflexibility on the Automator end of things. I'm using an Automator action which returns unescaped POSIX filepaths delimited by a space (or comma). This is unfortunate because: 1. I cannot ensure file/folder names will not contain either a space or comma, and 2. the only inadmissible character in Mac OS X filenames (as far as I can tell) is :. There are options which allow me to enclose the file paths in double or single quotes, or angle brackets. The program itself accepts the argument of the aforementioned input string, so there must be a way of separating the paths. I just do not have a keen enough eye to see how to do it with sed or awk. At first I thought I'll just use sed to replace every [space]/ with [newline]/ and then trim all but the first line, but that leaves the loophole open for folders whose names end with a space. If I use the comma delimiter, the same happens, just for a comma instead. If I encapsulate in double or single quotation marks, I am opening another can of worms for filenames with those characters. The image/link is the relevant part of my Automator workflow. -- UPDATE -- I was able to achieve what I wanted in a rather roundabout way. It's hardly elegant but here is working generalized code: path="/Users/bobby/diddy dum/ding.mp4 /Users/jimmy/gone mia/come back jimmy.mp3" # using colon because it's an inadmissible Mac OS X # filename character, perfect for separating # also, unlike [space], multiple colons do not collapse IFS=: # replace all spaces with colons colpath=$(echo "$path" | sed 's/ /:/g') # place words from colon-ized file path into array # e.g. three spaces -> three colons -> two empty words j=1 for word in $colpath do filearray[$j]="$word" j=$j+1 done # reconstruct file path word by word # after each addition, check file existence # if non-existent, re-add lost [space] and continue until found name="" for seg in "${filearray[@]}" do name="$name$seg" if [[ -f "$name" ]] then echo "$name" break fi name="$name " done All this trouble because the default IFS doesn't count "emptiness" between the spaces as words, but rather collapses them all.

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  • Error when connecting to AS400 (ISeries)

    - by Jimmy Engtröm
    I'm trying to connect to a AS400 server using the .net classes. I have added a reference to IBM.Data.DB.iSeries and I use the following code: var conn = new iDB2Connection("DataSource=111.111.111.111;UserID=xxx;Password=xxx; DataCompression=True;"); conn.Open(); But I get the following exceptions Running 64 bit: "The provider cannot run in 64-bit mode." Running 32 bit: An unexpected exception occurred. Type: System.DllNotFoundException, Message: Unable to load DLL 'cwbdc.dll': The operating system cannot run . (Exception from HRESULT: 0x800700B6). I have uninstalled the Client Access and installed it again. The cwbdc.dll does exist in the system32 and syswow64 . I have no problem connecting to the AS400 if I use odbc. I'm running a 64 bit verion of Windows 7. Any ideas? /Jimmy

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  • Loading a Workflow 4 from xaml file and adding it to workflowdesigner

    - by Jimmy Engtröm
    Hi I have created a couple of activities and stored them as XAML. Opening them in the Workflowdesigner works great and I can Execute them. Now I would like to create a new Activity and add the activities I created to it. Basically loading it from the XAML and into the designer as part of another activity/flow. I have tried adding my activities to the toolbox but the render as dynamicactivity and (understandably) does not work. Any suggestions? Is it even possible? /Jimmy

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  • How do I pass argument from an activity to another in Workflow 4

    - by Jimmy Engtröm
    Hi I have created an Activity (CodeActivity) that retrieves the temperature where I live. I wan't to add that activity to a workflow and connect it to an if statement/activity that can based on my temperature outargument do different things. But I can't seem to find how to access the outargument from my temperature-activity. This is my first Windows Workflow 4 project so perhaps I'm attacking this in the wrong way. I have: public OutArgument Degrees { get; set; } But how do I access it? I have found tutorials how to get the data when running the activity (only one) but not as part of a workflow. Hope my question makes sence. /Jimmy

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  • global.asax and ASP.NET MVC solution Organization

    - by nachid
    I am refering to this article from Jimmy Bogard He is suggesting two projects to organize your ASP.NET MVC solution. Basically, one project for the code and another for the rendering My concern is about global.asax file. Jimmy suggested separating global.asax from global.asax.cs and put them in two differents projects When I did this, I could not compile my solution. I got this error : Could not load type 'MyProject.Web.Global'. Can someone help and show me how to solve this? Thanks

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  • preg_replace to capitalize a letter after a quote

    - by Summer
    I have names like this: $str = 'JAMES "JIMMY" SMITH' I run strtolower, then ucwords, which returns this: $proper_str = 'James "jimmy" Smith' I'd like to capitalize the second letter of words in which the first letter is a double quote. Here's the regexp. It appears strtoupper is not working - the regexp simply returns the unchanged original expression. $proper_str = preg_replace('/"([a-z])/',strtoupper('$1'),$proper_str); Any clues? Thanks!!

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  • Parse Directory Structure (Strings) to JSON using PHP

    - by Ecropolis
    I have an array of file-path strings like this videos/funny/jelloman.wmv videos/funny/bellydance.flv videos/abc.mp4 videos/june.mp4 videos/cleaver.mp4 fun.wmv jimmy.wmv herman.wmv Is there a library or easy way I can get to a data structure json or xml? Something like this: (I see there are a lot of snippets available for traversing actual folders, but again, I just have strings.) { files:{ file:[ { filename:'fun.wmv' }, { filename:'jimmy.wmv' }, { filename:'herman.wmv' } ], folder:{ foldername:'videos', file:[ { filename:'abc.mp4' }, { filename:'june.mp4' }, { filename:'cleaver.mp4' } ], folder:{ foldername:'funny', file:[ { filename:'jelloman.wmv' }, { filename:'bellydance.flv' } ] } } } }

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  • Haskell web frameworks survey

    - by Phuc Nguyen
    There are several web frameworks for Haskell like Happstack, Snap, and Yesod, and probably a few more. In what aspects do they differ from each other? For example: features (e.g. server only, or also client scripting, easy support for different kinds of database) maturity (e.g. stability, documentation quality) scalability (e.g. performance, handy abstraction) main targets Also, what are examples of real-world sites / web apps using these frameworks? Many thanks.

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  • Ur/Web new purely functional language for web programming?

    - by Phuc Nguyen
    I came across the Ur/Web project during my search for web frameworks for Haskell-like languages. It looks like a very interesting project done by one person. Basically, it is a domain-specific purely functional language for web programming, taking the best of ML and Haskell. The syntax is ML, but there are type classes and monad from Haskell, and it's strictly evaluated. Server-side is compiled to native code, client to Javascript. See the slides and FAQ page for other advertised advantages. Looking at the demos and their source code, I think the project is very promising. The latest version is something 20110123, so it seems to be under active development at this time. My question: Has anybody here had any further experience with it? Are there problems/annoyances compared to Haskell, apart from ML's slightly more verbose syntax? Even if it's not well known yet, I hope more people will know of it. OMG this looks very cool to me. I don't want this project to die!!

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  • Is there a Javascript library for creating vintage photos?

    - by Nguyen Thanh Tu
    I'm working on a Canvas object in HTML5, and I am attempting to make some photos look "better". I tried VintageJS, an existing photo-retouching Javascript library, and Picozu, a web application cloning some Adobe Photoshop functionalities, but I'm still not happy. Can you help me with an algorithm or point to an existing Javascript library that would allow me to make my photos look like the following example? http://i46.photobucket.com/albums/f137/thanhtu_zx/Untitled-1.jpg

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  • Is is good or bad to have the email address of a domain's registrant on the same domain?

    - by Eric Nguyen
    Say I own domain abc.com. I think it's a bad idea to use [email protected] as the registrant's (myself) email address. This will cause problems when I need to transfer the domain to another registrar e.g. GoDaddy. The new registrar will then try to send email to [email protected] which is unlikely to function normally since the DNS settings are undergoing changes. So I believe it's best to use email address independent from the domains I own as the registrant's email address. (Isn't it the practice Google Apps is using?) Have I missed something here or am I right?

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  • WD external hard drive not detected

    - by Khang Nguyen
    I am a beginner in Ubuntu. And I have just installed Ubuntu 11.10 in my Dell laptop. When I plugged my WD external hard drive in, it read the first time, but since I have a unlock.exe file (password for the hard drive). So I installed Wine to read it. But it gives me an error. I restart the machine, and plugged the hard drive in again. And it is not recognized anymore. Can anybody help me, please? Thank you!

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  • Constructor vs setter validations

    - by Jimmy
    I have the following class : public class Project { private int id; private String name; public Project(int id, String name, Date creationDate, int fps, List<String> frames) { if(name == null ){ throw new NullPointerException("Name can't be null"); } if(id == 0 ){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("id can't be zero"); } this.name = name; this.id = id; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } } I have three questions: Do I use the class setters instead of setting the fields directly. One of the reason that I set it directly, is that in the code the setters are not final and they could be overridden. If the right way is to set it directly and I want to make sure that the name filed is not null always. Should I provide two checks, one in the constructor and one in the setter. I read in effective java that I should use NullPointerException for null parameters. Should I use IllegalArgumentException for other checks, like id in the example.

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  • Avoid SEO loss after URL structure change

    - by Eric Nguyen
    We recently re-wrote our site from Umbraco to WordPress. This has been done by third-party developers. I have been the project manager and it is my mistake that I haven't notice the change of URLs that affect SEO until now. New site was launch last Thursday. The old URL for a "place" (a WordPress custom post type, in case you're WordPress expert and want/ need to point me to another discussion on WP Stackexchange) page is as follows: ourdomain.com/singapore/central/alexandra/an-interesting-place Now it has been changed to ourdomain.com/places/an-interesting-place I have already requested the third-party developers to work rewriting the URLs to emulate the old URL structure. However, it's taking quite a lot of time (we have multiple custom post types e.g. events etc. so it might be complicated; the developers seem quite by blur when I first mentioned rewriting URLs for the custom post types) In the meantime, I wonder if there is a quicker work around for this 1) Use .htaccess to rewrite ourdomain.com/singapore/central/alexandra/an-interesting-place to ourdomain.com/places/an-interesting-place This should avoid 90% loss of the search traffic. I suppose I can learn how to do this quite quickly but no harm mentioning it here 2) Use rel="canonical" to indicate that ourdomain.com/places/an-interesting-place is the exact duplicate of ourdomain.com/singapore/central/alexandra/an-interesting-place I will definitely go for both approaches (and also I'm changing 404 page to cater for this temporary isue) but I wonder if 2) is even feasible and if I have missed anything. Is there anything else you could recommend me in this situation. Let me know if my question is not clear anywhere. Clarifications The old website is on a Windows Server EC2 completely separated from the Linux EC2 instance on which the new site is running. In addition, the same domain "ourdomain.com" is used here (an A record is used to point to an EC2 Elastic IP). Therefore, the old server is completely inaccessible at the moment, unless you we use the IP address to old server (which doesn't help me at all in this case). Even if the old server is accessible, I can't see where one can put the .htaccess or a HTML file to do 301 redirect here. Unless I'm successful with my approach 1) or the developers can rewrite the URLs with coding, 404 page is really a choice for me.

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  • Transfer .com domain to GoDaddy - websites running on same domain - 3 weeks left until expiration, 2 days left web hosting

    - by Eric Nguyen
    Our company purchased this abc.com domain from a local registrar. The domain will expire in about 3 weeks. We have our main websites running on this abc.com domain and they cannot be down for too long. The web hosting service will end in 2 days. Our websites are already hosted and they are up and running on Amazon EC2. We would like to transfer the domain to GoDaddy now or as soon as possible. (since we have many other domains there and we belive GoDaddy will be better in long-term considering the prices and the features it offers) There are many questions on the decision to transfer the domain to GoDaddy: 1) Cost and time required to move out of our local registrar? This is currently unknown as I'm still trying to retrieve the agreement we have with them 2) How does the 3 week time left until expiration of the domain matters here? Should we wait until the domain expires and then purchase in through GoDaddy? How long would such process take as I suppose our websites will be down during that time? Any other drawbacks? 3) What can I do to ensure our websites will continue functioning regardless of the domain transfer process? It seems the actual registrar here is enom.com and the local registrar here just partners with it I suppose I should then park the abc.com domain with enom.com and make changes to DNS settings so that our websites can continue to be hosted on EC2 as normal. How long does it normally take the domain to be transferred to GoDaddy completely? Is it even possible at all to keep our websites are up and running during the whole domain transfer process? Apologies that I'm throwing many questions at the same time here. It's rather last minutes and I suddenly realised there are too many unknown risks.

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  • Setting up CLASSPATH and ant in Ubuntu

    - by Dzung Nguyen
    I just started to learn Java using Thinking in Java book, and have some troubles using ant. I'm using Ubuntu 12.04, and have openjdk 7 java installed. I also setup the CLASSPATH to be the code folder When I run ant in code folder, this is the output: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: JDK 1.4.1 or higher is required to run the examples in this book. [CheckVersion] at com.bruceeckel.tools.CheckVersion.main(Unknown Source) However when I run java -version, this is the output: java version "1.6.0_27" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea6 1.12.5) (6b27-1.12.5-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.0-b12, mixed mode) How to setup ant and classpath correctly?

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  • How To Build An Enterprise Application - Introduction

    - by Tuan Nguyen
    An enterprise application is a software which fulfills 4 core quality attributes: Reliability Flexibility Reusability Maintainability Reliability is the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specific period of time. Because there are no ways more than testing to make sure a system is reliability, we can exchange the term reliability with the term testability. Flexibility is the ability of changing a system's core features without violating unrelated features or components. Although flexibility can helps us to achieve interoperability easily but the opposite is not true. For example, a program might run on multiple platforms, contains logic for many scenarios but that wouldn't mean it was flexibility if it forces us rewrite code in all components when we just want to change some aspects of a feature it had. Reusability is the ability of sharing one or more system's components for another system. We should just open a component's reusability in the context in which it is used. For example, we write classes that implement UI logic and deliver them to only classes which implementing UI. Maintainability is the ability of adding or removing features to a system after it was released. Maintainability consists of many factors such as readability, analyzability, extensibility therein extensibility is critical. Maintainability requires us to write code that is longer and complexer than normal but it doesn't mean we introduce unneccessarily complex code. We always try to make our code clear and transparent to everyone. An application enterprise is built on an enterprise design which consists of two parts: low-level design and high-level design. At low-level design, it focuses on building loose-coupled classes or components. Particularly, it recommends: Each class or component undertakes only single responsibility (design based on unit test) Classes or components implement and work through interfaces (design based on contract) Dependency relationship between classes and components could be injected at run-time (design based on dependency) At high-level design, it focuses on architecting system into tiers and layers. Particularly, it recommends: Divide system into subsystems for deployment. Each subsytem is called a tier. Typical, an enterprise application would have 3 tiers as illustrated in the following figure: Arrange classes and components to logical containers called layers. Typical, an enterprise application would have 5 layers as illustrated in the following figure

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