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• tmux: Suddenly, cannot horizontally split

  - by A__A__0

  As root, using a reasonably default .profile and .shrc and an empty tmux.conf, I am unable to split the window horizontally. There are a number of cases to consider so I'll list them clearly. Using the keybinding + empty configuration: nothing happens Using the keybinding + my configuration: a bell is generated, nothing else; occasionally, the split will appear and disappear immediately (maybe it always does this, but I'm connecting over ssh so it may not make it through) Using tmux split-window -h with any config: tmux immediately exits I've posted here in order the server and client verbose logs generated by tmux -v during the third case: server started, pid 9523 socket path /tmp/tmux-0/default new client 7 got 100 from client 7 got 101 from client 7 got 102 from client 7 got 103 from client 7 got 104 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 105 from client 7 got 106 from client 7 got 200 from client 7 cmdq 0x801c6e080: new-session (client 7) new term: xterm xterm override: XT xterm override: Ms ]52;%p1%s;%p2%s xterm override: Cs ]12;%p1%s xterm override: Cr ]112 xterm override: Ss [%p1%d q xterm override: Se [2 q new key Oo: 0x1021 (KP/) new key Oj: 0x1022 (KP*) new key Om: 0x1023 (KP-) new key Ow: 0x1024 (KP7) new key Ox: 0x1025 (KP8) new key Oy: 0x1026 (KP9) new key Ok: 0x1027 (KP+) new key Ot: 0x1028 (KP4) new key Ou: 0x1029 (KP5) new key Ov: 0x102a (KP6) new key Oq: 0x102b (KP1) new key Or: 0x102c (KP2) new key Os: 0x102d (KP3) new key OM: 0x102e (KPEnter) new key Op: 0x102f (KP0) new key On: 0x1030 (KP.) new key OA: 0x101d (Up) new key OB: 0x101e (Down) new key OC: 0x1020 (Right) new key OD: 0x101f (Left) new key [A: 0x101d (Up) new key [B: 0x101e (Down) new key [C: 0x1020 (Right) new key [D: 0x101f (Left) new key OH: 0x1018 (Home) new key OF: 0x1019 (End) new key [H: 0x1018 (Home) new key [F: 0x1019 (End) new key Oa: 0x501d (C-Up) new key Ob: 0x501e (C-Down) new key Oc: 0x5020 (C-Right) new key Od: 0x501f (C-Left) new key [a: 0x901d (S-Up) new key [b: 0x901e (S-Down) new key [c: 0x9020 (S-Right) new key [d: 0x901f (S-Left) new key [11^: 0x5002 (C-F1) new key [12^: 0x5003 (C-F2) new key [13^: 0x5004 (C-F3) new key [14^: 0x5005 (C-F4) new key [15^: 0x5006 (C-F5) new key [17^: 0x5007 (C-F6) new key [18^: 0x5008 (C-F7) new key [19^: 0x5009 (C-F8) new key [20^: 0x500a (C-F9) new key [21^: 0x500b (C-F10) new key [23^: 0x500c (C-F11) new key [24^: 0x500d (C-F12) new key [25^: 0x500e (C-F13) new key [26^: 0x500f (C-F14) new key [28^: 0x5010 (C-F15) new key [29^: 0x5011 (C-F16) new key [31^: 0x5012 (C-F17) new key [32^: 0x5013 (C-F18) new key [33^: 0x5014 (C-F19) new key [34^: 0x5015 (C-F20) new key [2^: 0x5016 (C-IC) new key [3^: 0x5017 (C-DC) new key [7^: 0x5018 (C-Home) new key [8^: 0x5019 (C-End) new key [6^: 0x501a (C-NPage) new key [5^: 0x501b (C-PPage) new key [11$: 0x9002 (S-F1) new key [12$: 0x9003 (S-F2) new key [13$: 0x9004 (S-F3) new key [14$: 0x9005 (S-F4) new key [15$: 0x9006 (S-F5) new key [17$: 0x9007 (S-F6) new key [18$: 0x9008 (S-F7) new key [19$: 0x9009 (S-F8) new key [20$: 0x900a (S-F9) new key [21$: 0x900b (S-F10) new key [23$: 0x900c (S-F11) new key [24$: 0x900d (S-F12) new key [25$: 0x900e (S-F13) new key [26$: 0x900f (S-F14) new key [28$: 0x9010 (S-F15) new key [29$: 0x9011 (S-F16) new key [31$: 0x9012 (S-F17) new key [32$: 0x9013 (S-F18) new key [33$: 0x9014 (S-F19) new key [34$: 0x9015 (S-F20) new key [2$: 0x9016 (S-IC) new key [3$: 0x9017 (S-DC) new key [7$: 0x9018 (S-Home) new key [8$: 0x9019 (S-End) new key [6$: 0x901a (S-NPage) new key [5$: 0x901b (S-PPage) new key [11@: 0xd002 (C-S-F1) new key [12@: 0xd003 (C-S-F2) new key [13@: 0xd004 (C-S-F3) new key [14@: 0xd005 (C-S-F4) new key [15@: 0xd006 (C-S-F5) new key [17@: 0xd007 (C-S-F6) new key [18@: 0xd008 (C-S-F7) new key [19@: 0xd009 (C-S-F8) new key [20@: 0xd00a (C-S-F9) new key [21@: 0xd00b (C-S-F10) new key [23@: 0xd00c (C-S-F11) new key [24@: 0xd00d (C-S-F12) new key [25@: 0xd00e (C-S-F13) new key [26@: 0xd00f (C-S-F14) new key [28@: 0xd010 (C-S-F15) new key [29@: 0xd011 (C-S-F16) new key [31@: 0xd012 (C-S-F17) new key [32@: 0xd013 (C-S-F18) new key [33@: 0xd014 (C-S-F19) new key [34@: 0xd015 (C-S-F20) new key [2@: 0xd016 (C-S-IC) new key [3@: 0xd017 (C-S-DC) new key [7@: 0xd018 (C-S-Home) new key [8@: 0xd019 (C-S-End) new key [6@: 0xd01a (C-S-NPage) new key [5@: 0xd01b (C-S-PPage) new key [I: 0x1031 ((null)) new key [O: 0x1032 ((null)) new key OP: 0x1002 (F1) new key OQ: 0x1003 (F2) new key OR: 0x1004 (F3) new key OS: 0x1005 (F4) new key [15~: 0x1006 (F5) new key [17~: 0x1007 (F6) new key [18~: 0x1008 (F7) new key [19~: 0x1009 (F8) new key [20~: 0x100a (F9) new key [21~: 0x100b (F10) new key [23~: 0x100c (F11) new key [24~: 0x100d (F12) new key [2~: 0x1016 (IC) new key [3~: 0x1017 (DC) replacing key OH: 0x1018 (Home) replacing key OF: 0x1019 (End) new key [6~: 0x101a (NPage) new key [5~: 0x101b (PPage) new key [Z: 0x101c (BTab) replacing key OA: 0x101d (Up) replacing key OB: 0x101e (Down) replacing key OD: 0x101f (Left) replacing key OC: 0x1020 (Right) spawn: /bin/sh -- session 0 created writing 207 to client 7 got 208 from client 7 input_parse: '#' ground input_parse: ' ' ground keys are 7 ([?1;2c) received service class 1 complete key [?1;2c 0xfff keys are 1 (t) complete key t 0x74 input_parse: 't' ground keys are 1 (m) complete key m 0x6d input_parse: 'm' ground keys are 1 (u) complete key u 0x75 input_parse: 'u' ground keys are 1 (x) complete key x 0x78 input_parse: 'x' ground keys are 1 ( ) complete key 0x20 input_parse: ' ' ground keys are 1 (s) complete key s 0x73 input_parse: 's' ground keys are 1 (p) complete key p 0x70 input_parse: 'p' ground keys are 1 (l) complete key l 0x6c input_parse: 'l' ground keys are 1 (i) complete key i 0x69 input_parse: 'i' ground keys are 1 (t) complete key t 0x74 input_parse: 't' ground keys are 1 (-) complete key - 0x2d input_parse: '-' ground keys are 1 (d) complete key d 0x64 input_parse: 'd' ground keys are 1 () complete key 0x7f input_parse: '' ground input_c0_dispatch: ' input_parse: '' ground input_parse: '[' esc_enter input_parse: 'K' csi_enter input_csi_dispatch: 'K' "" "" keys are 1 (w) complete key w 0x77 input_parse: 'w' ground keys are 1 (i) complete key i 0x69 input_parse: 'i' ground keys are 1 (n) complete key n 0x6e input_parse: 'n' ground keys are 1 (d) complete key d 0x64 input_parse: 'd' ground keys are 1 (o) complete key o 0x6f input_parse: 'o' ground keys are 1 (w) complete key w 0x77 input_parse: 'w' ground keys are 1 ( ) complete key 0x20 input_parse: ' ' ground keys are 1 (-) complete key - 0x2d input_parse: '-' ground keys are 1 (h) complete key h 0x68 input_parse: 'h' ground keys are 1 ( ) complete key 0xd input_parse: ' ' ground input_c0_dispatch: ' input_parse: ' ' ground input_c0_dispatch: ' new client 13 got 100 from client 13 got 101 from client 13 got 102 from client 13 got 103 from client 13 got 104 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 105 from client 13 got 106 from client 13 got 200 from client 13 cmdq 0x801c6e160: split-window -h (client 13) spawn: /bin/sh -- writing 203 to client 13 input_parse: '#' ground input_parse: ' ' ground input_parse: '#' ground input_parse: ' ' ground lost client 13 session 0 destroyed writing 203 to client 7 got 205 from client 7 writing 204 to client 7 lost client 7 got 207 from server got 203 from server got 204 from server There are some other peculiarities: With a newly created user (from which I overwrote root's .profile and .shrc, tmux works perfectly. Occasionally (twice out of the 50 or so times I've tested it), the splitting will work fine once in a session. (This happened for example when I ran ktrace on tmux, which I can also post) To explain the 'suddenly' part of the title: when I started my newly updated mysql56-server, tmux immediately exited and lost the session. Recently I changed architectures, from FreeBSD 10.0 i386 to amd64, and I am still working through shared library incompatibilities. I suspect that this could be involved, but I can't imagine how an incompatibility of this sort could result in such a specific, isolated failure.

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• Added key, but still getting "gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found"

  - by gertvdijk

  Trying to download Django source package using dget and the .dsc file from here. Then dget fails to verify the source, because it is missing a public key. $ dget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu... [...] dscverify: python-django_1.4.1-2.dsc failed signature check: gpg: Signature made Tue 21 Aug 2012 09:12:04 CEST using RSA key ID F2AC729A gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found Validation FAILED!! Fine, I added this key to my keyring, because I think I can trust this one: $ gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 0xF2AC729A gpg: requesting key F2AC729A from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com gpg: key F2AC729A: "Raphaël Hertzog <[email protected]>" not changed gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: unchanged: 1 (well, this output is run afterwards, when it was already in my keyring) And it is really there: $ gpg --fingerprint F2AC729A pub 4096R/F2AC729A 2009-05-07 Key fingerprint = 3E4F B711 7877 F589 DBCF 06D6 E619 045D F2AC 729A uid Raphaël Hertzog <[email protected]> uid Raphaël Hertzog (Debian) <[email protected]> uid Raphaël Hertzog (Freexian SARL) <[email protected]> sub 2048R/71F23DEE 2009-05-07 But still fails for the same reason: gpg: Signature made Tue 21 Aug 2012 09:12:04 CEST using RSA key ID F2AC729A gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found I'm running all these commands as my regular user. I also tried adding this key to APT's keyring and root's keyring. Both to no avail. What am I missing here?

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• Simple SSH public/private key question

  - by James R.

  I am trying to learn this instead of just following guides so I can recommend proper actions when people do ask (and they do). Here is what I got down. First, generate both key with command such as this: ssh-keygen -b 2048 -t rsa -C comment -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa Then you push the public part of the key into authorized_keys2 file cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2 (and then chmod it to 600 or similar) And you download the private key to your computer (id_rsa) and feed that in to Putty to be read and authenticate. Are these the correct steps to setting this public/private key authentication for passwordless login to SSH?

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• Can a Compound key be set as a primary key to another table?

  - by Nikos

  Can a compound key be set as a primary key to another table? For instance i have the tables: Books -with Primary Key:Product_ID Client -with Primary key: Client_ID Clients_Books -with Compound Primary Key:Product_Id and Client_ID I want to set this compound Primary key from Clients_Books as a Primary Key to another table named: Order_Details. But I don't want to use the Product_ID and the Client_ID from the Books, Clients tables. Does this make sense? All opinions more than welcome.

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• Tell git which private key to use

  - by jrdioko

  ssh has the -i option to tell it which private key file to use when authenticating: -i identity_file Selects a file from which the identity (private key) for RSA or DSA authentication is read. The default is ~/.ssh/identity for protocol ver- sion 1, and ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa for protocol version 2. Iden- tity files may also be specified on a per-host basis in the configuration file. It is possible to have multiple -i options (and multiple identities specified in configuration files). Is there a similar way to tell git which private key file to use when on a system with multiple private keys in the .ssh directory?

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• How to revoke gnupg public key without private key?

  - by danijelc

  Long story short I have an key generated with seahorse and mistakenly deleted it from my system. I do remember passphrase but I don't have this key anywhere on my system. Scanned trough Ask Ubuntu but couldn't find any aplicabile solution on similar issue. However public key is still updated on keyring servers and I would like to revoke it. Since I have no revocation certificate and I can't get hold of private key (only public key is available from keyservers which I imported to seahorse) I have no idea how to accomplish it. Spent some time searching for solution acros net, various manuals and so on, but so far no luck. gpg --list-secret-keys - returns no output at all. gpg --list-keys - returns public key info gpg --gen-revoke *user-id* - returns - gpg: secret key *user-id* not found: eof gpg (GnuPG) version 1.4.11. Anyone able to suggest a solution?

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• BAD_UID error while exporting key in CryptoAPI

  - by mindthief

  Hi all, I am writing a test application for Microsoft CryptoAPI. I want to export the secret key of one party using the public key of the second party, and then import that secret key as the second party's secret key (this sets up a shared secret key for communication). Here is my code: if(!CryptExportKey(encryptT->hSymKey, decryptT->hPubKey, SIMPLEBLOB, 0, keyExBuf, &bufLen)) { FormattedDebugPrint(NULL, GetLastError(), "could not export secret key", TRUE); return -1; } if(!CryptImportKey(decryptT->hCryptProv, keyExBuf, bufLen, decryptT->hPubKey, 0, &(decryptT->hSymKey))) { FormattedDebugPrint(NULL, GetLastError(), "could not import secret key", TRUE); return -1; } And this gives the error: 80090001: Bad UID. The public keypair is being generated for both encryptT and decryptT (sender, receiver) by calling: CryptGenKey(encryptT->hCryptProv, CALG_RSA_KEYX, CRYPT_EXPORTABLE, &(encryptT->hPubKey)) Any idea what could be causing the error? Thanks,

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• Should foreign keys become table primary key?

  - by Carvell Fenton

  Hello again, I have a table (session_comments) with the following fields structure: student_id (foreign key to students table) session_id (foreign key to sessions table) session_subject_ID (foreign key to session_subjects table) user_id (foreign key to users table) comment_date_time comment Now, the combination of student_id, session_id, and session_subject_id will uniquely identify a comment about that student for that session subject. Given that combined they are unique, even though they are foreign keys, is there an advantage to me making them the combined primary key for that table? Thanks again.

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• Bind the windows key to Lubuntu start menu

  - by abel

  I am running Lubuntu 11.10. By default the main menu is bound to Alt+F1 (A-F1) which works. Here is the relevant code from ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml <keybind key="A-F1"> <action name="Execute"> <command>lxpanelctl menu</command> </action> </keybind> This works. When I hit Alt+F1, I can see the start menu. If I change the keys to "Windows key + M" (W-m), I can pull up the start menu using Win+M <keybind key="W-m"> <action name="Execute"> <command>lxpanelctl menu</command> </action> </keybind> However, I cannot bind the start menu to the Windows key alone. If I try replacing "W-m" by "W", the "W" alphabet key gets bound to the start menu. If I try "W-" nothing happens, I have tried the "Super" option too but to no avail. How can I bind the Lubuntu main menu to the windows Key? I have been through some relevant lubuntu questions, like this one, which tries to do the opposite. How do I unbind Super key from menu in Lubuntu

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• How to assign the array key a value, when the key name is itself a variable

  - by Matrym

  How do I identify an item in a hash array if the key of the array is only known within a variable? For example: var key = "myKey"; var array = {myKey: 1, anotherKey: 2}; alert(array.key); Also, how would I assign a value to that key, having identified it with the variable? This is, of course, assuming that I must use the variable key to identify which item in the array to alert. Thanks in advance!

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• mysql complex key or + auto increment key (guid)

  - by darko

  Hi, I have not very big db. I am using auto increment primary keys and in my case there is no problem with that. GUID is not necessary. I have a table containing this fields: from_destination to_testination shipper quantity Where the fields 1,2,3 needs to be unique. Also I have second table that for the fields 1,2,3 stores bought quantities per day One to many. from_destination to_destination shipper date reserved_quantity case 1 Is it better to make fields 1,2,3 as primary complex key in the first table and the same fields in the second table to be foreign key First table from_destination | to_destination | primary shipper | quaitity Second table second_id - autoincrement primary from_destination | to_destination | foreign key shipper | date reserved_quantity Case 2 or just to add auto increment filed in the first table and make fields 1,2,3 unique. In the second table there will be one ingeger foreign key pointing to the first table, and one auto increment key for the table. First table first_id - autoincrement primary from_destination | to_destination | unique shipper | quaitity Second table second_id - autoincrement primary first_id - forein date reserved_quantity If so why we need complex keys, when we can have one field auto increment or GUID and all other fields that are candidates for complex key to be unique. Regards

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• JUJU and ERROR environment has no access-key or secret-key

  - by Riccardo Magrini

  following the official guide: [1]https://juju.ubuntu.com/docs/config-maas.html and considered that I've generated the ssh key (added it to UI of MAAS) and the API key, my environments.yaml file presents in this way: environments: maas: type: maas maas-server: 'http://x.x.x.x/MAAS/' maas-oauth: 'NDPA86PsEzS7bFynSy:vqJLkyHUJbvYzbtY5Q:sXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX admin-secret: 'nothing' default-series: precise authorized-keys-path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # or any file you want. when I try to run the command: juju bootstrap receive the following error: ERROR environment has no access-key or secret-key Someone can explain me where is the wrong? MAAS and JUJU are installed using their ppa stable on an Ubuntu 12.04.3 Server

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• Encryption Product Keys : Public and Private key encryption

  - by Aran Mulholland

  I need to generate and validate product keys and have been thinking about using a public/private key system. I generate our product keys based on a client name (which could be a variable length string) a 6 digit serial number. It would be good if the product key would be of a manageable length (16 characters or so) I need to encrypt them at the base and then distrubute the decryption/validation system. As our system is written in managed code (.NET) we dont want to distribute the encryption system, only the decryption. I need a public private key seems a good way to do this, encrypt with the one key that i keep and distribute the other key needed for decrpytion/verification. What is an appropriate mechanism to do this with the above requirements?

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• Foreign key reference to a two-column primary key

  - by Adam Ernst

  One of my tables has a two-column primary key: CREATE TABLE tournament ( state CHAR(2) NOT NULL, year INT NOT NULL, etc..., PRIMARY KEY(state, year) ); I want a reference to the tournament table from another table, but I want this reference to be nullable. Here's how I might do it, imagining that a winner doesn't necessarily have a tournament: CREATE TABLE winner ( name VARCHAR NOT NULL, state CHAR(2) NULL, year INT NULL ); If state is null but year is not, or vice-versa, the table would be inconsistent. I believe the following FOREIGN KEY constraint fixes it: ALTER TABLE winner ADD CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY fk (name, state) REFERENCES tournament (name, state); Is this the proper way of enforcing consistency? Is this schema properly normalized?

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• Primary Key Identity Value Increments On Unique Key Constraint Violation

  - by Jed

  I have a SqlServer 2008 table which has a Primary Key (IsIdentity=Yes) and three other fields that make up a Unique Key constraint. In addition I have a store procedure that inserts a record into the table and I call the sproc via C# using a SqlConnection object. The C# sproc call works fine, however I have noticed interesting results when the C# sproc call violates the Unique Key constraint.... When the sproc call violates the Unique Key constraint, a SqlException is thrown - which is no surprise and cool. However, I notice that the next record that is successfully added to the table has a PK value that is not exactly one more than the previous record - For example: Say the table has five records where the PK values are 1,2,3,4, and 5. The sproc attempts to insert a sixth record, but the Unique Key constraint is violated and, so, the sixth record is not inserted. Then the sproc attempts to insert another record and this time it is successful. - This new record is given a PK value of 7 instead of 6. Is this normal behavior? If so, can you give me a reason why this is so? (If a record fails to insert, why is the PK index incremented?) If this is not normal behavior, can you give me any hints as to why I am seeing these symptoms?

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• SSH Public Key - No supported authentication methods available (server sent public key)

  - by F21

  I have a 12.10 server setup in a virtual machine with its network set to bridged (essentially will be seen as a computer connected to my switch). I installed opensshd via apt-get and was able to connect to the server using putty with my username and password. I then set about trying to get it to use public/private key authentication. I did the following: Generated the keys using PuttyGen. Moved the public key to /etc/ssh/myusername/authorized_keys (I am using encrypted home directories). Set up sshd_config like so: PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile /etc/ssh/%u/authorized_keys StrictModes no PasswordAuthentication no UsePAM yes When I connect using putty or WinSCP, I get an error saying No supported authentication methods available (server sent public key). If I run sshd in debug mode, I see: PAM: initializing for "username" PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "192.168.1.7" PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" userauth-request for user username service ssh-connection method publickey [preauth] attempt 1 failures 0 [preauth] test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable [preauth[ Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-1023 Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-1023 temporarily_use_uid: 1000/1000 (e=0/0) trying public key file /etc/ssh/username/authorized_keys fd4 clearing O_NONBLOCK restore_uid: 0/0 Failed publickey for username from 192.168.1.7 port 14343 ssh2 Received disconnect from 192.168.1.7: 14: No supported authentication methods available [preauth] do_cleanup [preauth] monitor_read_log: child log fd closed do_cleanup PAM: cleanup Why is this happening and how can I fix this?

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• Standard way to hash an RSA key?

  - by Adam J.R. Erickson

  What's the algorithm for creating hash (sha-1 or MD5) of an RSA public key? Is there a standard way to do this? Hash just the modulus, string addition of both and then take a hash? Is SHA-1 or MD5 usually used? I want to use it to ensure that I got the right key (have the sender send a hash, and I calculate it myself), and log said hash so I always know which exact key I used when I encrypt the payload.

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• violation of primary key constraint .Cannot insert duplicate key in object using ADO

  - by CREFLY

  Hi All we are working on a users apllication using Access2003(VBA) as software language and SQL Server 2005 as database. We are using ADO method and we encounter a problem. when users create new record in a ADO Screen and they want to save the record after implementing it they receive this error : error -2147217873 violation of primary key constraint 'PK_ '.Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'Pk_...' Any help will be appreciated Thanks in advance

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• Using datetime float representation as primary key

  - by devanalyst

  From my experience I have learn that using an surrogate INT data type column as primary key esp. an IDENTITY key column offers better performance than using GUID or char/varchar data type column as primary key. I try to use IDENTITY key as primary key wherever possible. But recently I came across a schema where the tables were horizontally partitioned and were managed via a Partitioned view. So the tables could not have an IDENTITY column since that would make the Partitioned View non updatable. One work around for this was to create a dummy 'keygenerator' table with an identity column to generate IDs for primary key. But this would mean having a 'keygenerator' table for each of the Partitioned View. My next thought was to use float as a primary key. The reason is the following key algorithm that I devised DECLARE @KEY FLOAT SET @KEY = CONVERT(FLOAT,GETDATE())/100000.0 SET @KEY = @EMP_ID + @KEY Heres how it works. CONVERT(FLOAT,GETDATE()) gives float representation of current datetime since internally all datetime are represented by SQL as a float value. CONVERT(FLOAT,GETDATE())/100000.0 converts the float representation into complete decimal value i.e. all digits are pushed to right side of ".". @KEY = @EMP_ID + @KEY adds the Employee ID which is an integer to this decimal value. The logic is that the Employee ID is guaranteed to be unique across sessions since an employee cannot connect to an application more than once at the same time. And for the same employee each time a key will be generated the current datetime will be unique. In all an unique key across all employee sessions and across time. So for Emp Ids 11 and 12, I have key values like 12.40046693321566357, 11.40046693542361111 But my concern whether float data type as primary key offer benefits compared to choosing GUID or char/varchar as primary keys. Also important thing is because of partitioning the float column is going to be part of a composite key.

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• Varchar with trailing spaces as a Primary Key in SQL Server 2008

  - by cacaupt

  Is it possible to have a varchar column as a primary key with values like 'a ' and 'a', is gives always this error "Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint" in MS SQL Server 2008. In Oracle dons't give any error. BTW I'm not implementing this way I'm only trying to migrate the data from oracle to sql server. Regards

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• Keyboard-shortcut key-press-detection sensitivity settings

  - by Juve

  last week I switched from Ubuntu 10.10 to 12.04 and after setting up my keyboard shortcuts, e.g., CTRL+ALT+E for my favorite editor and CTRL+ALT+X for the terminal, I noticed that the behavior when pressing the appropriate keys changed somehow. I know this is very subjective and I am not 100% percent sure if I am suddenly just too lazy when using my keyboard, but here is what I noticed: To run your shortcuts, you usually press the modifiers first and in addition press the alphanum key. Now, if I hold the modifiers down very consciously and press the alphanum key afterwards everything works fine. However, I noticed that I may often release the modifiers a bit too early. In Ubuntu 10.10 (metacity/compiz) my keyboard shortcuts would still execute and my tools would pop up. This does not work anymore in 12.04. Nevertheless, I still believe the old behavior to be more intuitive and would like to have it back. I a nutshell: Is there a parameter to control the shortcut-key-press detection behavior? I already searched the ubuntu keyboard options and searched for "keyboard" in gconf-editor but could not find any hints so far.

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• Mixed surrogate composite key insert in JPA 2.0, PostgreSQL and Hibernate 3.5

  - by Gerald

  First off, we are using JPA 2.0 and Hibernate 3.5 as persistence provider on a PostgreSQL database. We successfully use the sequence of the database via the JPA 2.0 annotations as an auto-generated value for single-field-surrogate-keys and all works fine. Now we are implementing a bi-temporal database-scheme that requires a mixed key in the following manner: Table 1: id (pk, integer, auto-generated-sequence) validTimeBegin (pk, dateTime) validTimeEnd (dateTime) firstName (varChar) Now we have a problem. You see, if we INSERT a new element, the field id is auto-generated and that's fine. Only, if we want to UPDATE the field within this scheme, then we have to change the validTimeBegin column WITHOUT changing the id-field and insert it as a new row like so: BEFORE THE UPDATE OF THE ROW: |---|-------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------| | id| validTimeBegin | validTimeEnd | firstName | |---|-------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------| | 1| 2010-05-01-10:00:00.000 | NULL | Gerald | |---|-------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------| AFTER THE UPDATE OF THE ROW happening at exactly 2010-05-01-10:35:01.788 server-time: (we update the person with the id:1 to reflect his new first name...) |---|-------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------| | id| validTimeBegin | validTimeEnd | firstName | |---|-------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------| | 1| 2010-05-01-10:00:00.000 | 2010-05-01-10:35:01.788 | Gerald | |---|-------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------| | 1| 2010-05-01-10:35:01.788 | NULL | Jerry | |---|-------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------| So our problem is, that this doesn't work at all using an auto-generated-sequence for the field id because when inserting a new row then the id ALWAYS is auto-generated although it really is part of a composite key which should sometimes behave differently. So my question is: Is there a way to tell hibernate via JPA to stop auto-generating the id-field in the case I want to generate a new variety of the same person and go on as usual in every other case or do I have to take over the whole id-generation with custom code? Thanks in advance, Gerald

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• Natural vs surrogate keys on support tables

  - by Bugeo

  I have read many articles about the battle between natural versus surrogate primary keys. I agree in the use of surrogate keys to identify records of tables whose contents are created by the user. But in the case of supporting tables what should I use? For example, in a hypothetical table "orderStates". If you use a natural key would have the following data: TABLE ORDERSTATES {ID: "NEW", NAME: "New"} {ID: "MANAGEMENT" NAME: "Management"} {ID: "SHIPPED" NAME: "Shipped"} If I use a surrogate key would have the following data: TABLE ORDERSTATES {ID: 1 CODE: "NEW", NAME: "New"} {ID: 2 CODE: "MANAGEMENT" NAME: "Management"} {ID: 3 CODE: "SHIPPED" NAME: "Shipped"} Now let's take an example: a user enters a new order. In the case in which use natural keys, in the code I can write this: newOrder.StateOrderId = "NEW"; With the surrogate keys instead every time I have an additional step. stateOrderId_NEW = .... I retrieve the id corresponding to the recod code "NEW" newOrder.StateOrderId = stateOrderId_NEW; The same will happen every time I have to move the order in a new status. So, in this case, what are the reason to chose one key type vs the other one?

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• Internet key not always detected by the operating system

  - by Carlo Gisonni

  I've over the time, tried and installed several versions of Ubuntu. Those versions I like more than others are: Lubuntu and Kubuntu. Everything seems to work properly but the Internet key. I do not know if it may depends on the weather, the moonphase or the tides but the Internet key is not always detected by the system and is sometimes very difficult to establish a connection when I do need to connect to internet. Without applyng any change sometimes works sometimes not. I've so far not found the solution and I think is a quite strange behaviour of the operating system as if the settings are wrong, should never work Awaiting a kind answer from those of you willing to help.

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• Super Key doesn't work on Kubuntu 12.04

  - by zigma80

  I have Kubuntu 12.04 installed on HP 430 Notebook PC. My problem is that when I press Super Key, nothing happened. Some of my Fn keys did not work either. I have changed the Keyboard Model in System SettingsHardwareInput DevicesKeyboard to Hewlett Packard Internet keyboard but doesn't seems to help. I have also Compiz-Config-Setting-Manager installed but I don't know how to make the right keyboard setting. I would like to have the Super Key launch Start Menu Launcher as in MS-Windows, is it possible ... Thanks for the help

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